Transcript MCB Fall 2002 • Vol. 5, No. 2 Newsletter for Members and Alumni of the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley

MCB Explores New Funding Opportunities as Department Grows

Fall Semester saw a raft of appointments and in the midst of applying for their first grants Safe and Sound promotions in MCB. Richard Harland took as principal investigators. Some of the rising over for Geoff Owen as department chair, stars that MCB has recently hired include Mark Schlissel became vice chair, and Robert Rebecca Heald, James Berger, Matthew Tjian took the title of Faculty Director of the Welch, Eva Nogales, Sharon Amacher, Health Sciences Initiative (see p. 3 for Karsten Weis, Richard Kramer, David Bilder details). With all this shuffling at the top, the and Jamie Cate to name a few (see previous real news was easy to overlook. In August, the newsletters for profiles). All received help department established an entirely new enti- from the department to cover costs such as ty: the MCB Development Committee. lab renovations, new equipment purchases In fact, the new committee signals a sea and technician salaries, as well as money from change in the way MCB goes about financing the training grant to pay graduate student its operations. This year, one of the depart- stipends. The trend continues. Three of the ment’s funding mainstays, a large training four new faculty profiled on page 4 of this grant from the National Institutes of Health, newsletter are starting new labs. And of was slightly reduced, and a generous annual course the recruitment of established faculty, contribution from the Howard Hughes such as recently hired structural biologists Medical Institute in support of graduate edu- John Kuriyan and Jennifer Doudna, comes cation came to an end. This unfortunate con- with its own cost of relocating an operational fluence of events has led the department to laboratory and its members. seek additional funding. The job of the Add to this the rising cost of doing cut- Development Committee, headed by ting-edge science, and it becomes clear Biochemistry and Molecular Biology that the department is in greater need of Professor Jeremy Thorner, is to seek out new financial resources than ever before. The The seismic retrofitting of opportunities for fundraising wherever they post-genomic era has redefined what is Barker Hall is finally complete, may lie. It now appears that the future holds essential to doing biology. Gel boxes and cen- a much greater reliance on industry sponsor- trifuges are no longer adequate. Now it takes and the building will ships, endowed chairs, and good old philan- microarray readers, confocal microscopes, be ready for occupancy in late thropy. mass spectrometers, and X-ray beamlines— On the one hand, costs are rising. To just to name a few of the big ticket items that December or early January. ensure that Berkeley remains at the forefront are expensive to acquire and operate but The work began in early 2000. of biological research, the department is now indispensable to the department’s research in the midst of an extremely successful drive mission. For example, a new mass spectrome- to recruit new and energetic young faculty. ter typically costs several hundred thousand The result has been three to four new faculty dollars. per year, mostly new assistant professors still continued on page 6 . . . FACULTY NEWS

Rich Calendar (BMB) was elected to the Gunther Stent (Neurobiology, Emeritus) Editorial Board of The Journal of received the 2002 John Frederick Lewis Bacteriology and was made an editor of Prize at the November meeting of the Plasmid—A journal of microbial genomes and American Philosophical Society for having genome dynamics written the book-length philosophical essay “Paradoxes of Free Will”. The Lewis Prize is awarded to the author of the best book or monograph published by the Society in any given year.

Jeremy Thorner (BMB) was appointed to a four-year term as a Member of the Committee on Awards of the American ▲ Michael A. Marletta (BMB) was Academy of Microbiology, the honorific appointed the Aldo DeBenedictis Chair arm of the American Society for in Chemistry. Microbiology, on July 1. On the same date, he was also appointed a Member of the Editorial Board for the Molecule Pages of the Alliance for Cell Signaling, operated out of UT Southwestern Medical School in ▲ Kathleen Collins (BMB) will receive Dallas. the fourth annual American Society for Cell Biology-Promega Award for Early Career Paola Timiras (CDB) published the 3rd Life Scientists at the ASCB Annual Meeting edition of her book Physiological Basis of in San Francisco in December. Aging and Geriatrics in September. CRC Press, Boca Ratan. Richard Harland (G&D) was promoted to chair of the department on July 1 after the previous chair, Geoff Owen, was named dean of the Biological Sciences Division in the College of Letters & Science. Mark Schlissel was named vice-chair. ▲ Steve Martin (CDB) was appointed Caroline Kane (BMB) officially became a Richard and Rhoda Goldman Professor member of the National Advisory Council of Biology. of the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities at the NIH. Robert Mortimer (G&D, Emeritus) has received the 2002 George W. Beadle Paul Kaufman (G&D) was promoted to Award, given by the Genetics Society of career Staff Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley America for distinguished service to the National Lab and Associate Adjunct field of genetics and the community of Professor in MCB as of July 1. geneticists. Mortimer shares the award ▲ Robert Tjian (BMB) was appointed with Andre Goffeau, a yeast geneticist at Faculty Director of the Berkeley Daniel Koshland Jr. (BMB) was the first the Université Catholique de Louvain, Health Sciences Initiative, a campus recipient of the Westheimer Medal, estab- Belgium, for their contributions to the wide health research collaboration. lished this year by Harvard University in development of yeast as a genetics system. For more on the HSI, visit honor of Frank Westheimer, Morris Loeb Mortimer also established the Yeast www.urel.berkeley.edu/health_sciences. Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Harvard Genetic Stock Center, which has been and a pioneer in biological chemistry. tremendously useful to the entire com- Koshland was a postdoc at Harvard from munity of yeast geneticists. 1949–51. The medal is given for outstand- ing achievement in organic or biological chemistry. 2 @cal @cal is the official online community

for alumni of the University of

California, Berkeley. More than 20,000

people have registered with @cal so far.

Members can join email lists, talk with

Schekman Wins Lasker other alums, and create a personal open-

ing page with news, weather, and other

personalized content. The site has It has been a good year for Cell & Developmental Biology Professor Randy recently been upgraded and accelerated. Schekman. In May, he was chosen to chair the Biochemistry section of the National It’s still completely free, so join now at Academy of Sciences. Then in July, he took the helm of the Jane Coffin Childs and infect others, and abnormalities in cal.berkeley.edu. Memorial Fund for Medical Research, secretory pathways underlie various dis- which awards competitive grants for post- eases such as diabetes and possibly doctoral research. In December, he received Alzheimer’s disease. the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia Schekman and Rothman attacked University, given to recognize exceptional the problem of trafficking from two accomplishments in biological and bio- divergent angles. Rothman took a bio- chemical research. chemical approach, attempting to But perhaps best of all, he shared the reconstitute transport pathways in the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical test tube with membranes and proteins Transcript Research with James Rothman of the Sloan- extracted from cells. Schekman chose Kettering Institute in New York City. The the genetic route. As an Assistant MCB Lasker Awards are considered to be one of Professor at Berkeley in the late 1970s, MCB at Berkeley is published twice a year by the two top honors in science, and 66 he began by isolating yeast mutants in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Lasker Award recipients have gone on to which he could find vesicle traffic jams. at the University of California, Berkeley. win Nobel prizes. In this way, Schekman and graduate In pioneering work begun in the student Peter Novick identified the first DESIGNER: Betsy Joyce EDITOR: Jonathan Knight 1970s, Schekman and Rothman indepen- two secretory genes, sec1 and sec2, both dently elucidated the mechanisms by which of which turn out to be highly con- MCB Newsletter proteins travel between cellular compart- served and essential to secretion in University of California at Berkeley ments. They worked out the first molecular organisms from yeast to humans. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology details of vesicle transport, in which tiny 597 Life Sciences Addition Today, the once isolated niche of Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 membrane-bound packets of protein ferry cellular transport has exploded to form their cargo by first budding off of one cellu- a field in its own right, and in the [email protected] lar compartment and then fusing with process has influenced numerous other Send changes of address to: another. This intracellular trafficking, which fields from neurobiology to embryolo- Alumni Records can culminate in secretion from the cell, is gy. Schekman and Rothman received 2440 Bancroft Way critical to numerous biological phenomena, their awards during a luncheon ceremo- University of California from the communication of nerve cells to ny September 27 at the Pierre Hotel in Berkeley, CA 94720-4200 the release of adrenaline. Many viruses co- New York City. Or e-mail [email protected] opt the secretory system to escape one cell Current and past issues of the newsletter are available on the MCB web site (http://mcb.berkeley.edu/news/). 3 NEW FACES

Lu Chen Laurent Coscoy

Truth is ever to be found in the as they do in a normal post- Viruses have evolved dozens of which MIR proteins have no simplicity, and not in the multi- synaptic cell. She next plans tricks to evade the defenses of effect on cell-surface molecules plicity and confusion of things. to add neuroligin, the mole- their hosts. The herpesvirus to screen for cellular factors that – Sir Isaac Newton cule that stimulates presynap- that causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, rescue the effect and that are tic innervations and trans- one of the principle complica- therefore likely to be involved. A corollary to Newton’s obser- mitter release. It turns out tions of AIDS, does it by pre- The mechanism of MIR vation might be: to understand that neuroligin also binds to venting the cells it infects from protein action appears to a complex and confusing thing, PSD-95, suggesting a possi- alerting the immune system. involve ubiquitination of the one should begin with its sim- ble functional interdepen- As a postdoc in Donald target molecules. Coscoy has plest components. Assistant dence. Gannon’s lab at UCSF, found eukaryotic homologs to Professor of Neurobiology Lu In this way, Chen hopes Assistant Professor of MIR 1 and 2, suggesting there Chen is taking that approach to to put a synapse together one Immunology Laurent Coscoy might be novel mechanisms of the synapse by attempting to piece at a time. While it is identified two of the proteins protein trafficking waiting to be build one from scratch. possible these four proteins that Kaposi’s sarcoma-associat- discovered. Chen says her inspiration might together simulate ed herpesvirus (KSHV) pro- But MIR proteins are was a paper from former MCB aspects of synaptic behavior, duces for this purpose. probably not the only mecha- Professor Tito Serafini's group. Chen suspects the story is Dubbed MIR1 and MIR2, nism of host defense avoidance Serafini demonstrated that more complicated. “We’re these virally-encoded trans- that KSHV employs. Coscoy non-neuronal cells could attract not sure whether the four membrane proteins cause the has noticed that MIR-express- an axonal projection from a components will work yet,” antigen-presenting immune ing cells have an increased sen- neuron if they expressed a par- she says. “Probably some- complex MHC-1 to be tagged sitivity to the immune cells ticular neuronal protein. The thing more will be needed.” for destruction. Although known as natural killer cells, so projected axons appeared nor- Besides contributing to MHC-1 reaches the cell sur- KSHV must have some way of mal and were capable of form- a better understanding of the face normally in infected cells, avoiding this effect. Coscoy’s ing synapse-like structures with way neurons communicate, it is then rapidly endocytosed group is now sifting through the non-neuronal cells. So, an artificial synapse would be before any immune response the 80-some genes of KSHV for Chen reasoned, it should be a powerful tool for testing the can be activated. other likely candidates in the possible to complete the artifi- function of new synaptic pro- The main focus of virus’s game of cat-and-mouse. cial synapse by engineering teins as they are identified. Coscoy’s lab, which he set up At the moment he has one rota- additional factors into the het- There are many proteins, in LSA in October, is to deter- tion student. He will soon hire erologous cells. besides those essential for mine the molecular mecha- a technician and hopes to gain a The first step to making transmission, which regulate nisms by which MIR proteins postdoc in the near future. the receiving terminal of the the synapse. target MHC-1, as well as two synapse is to incorporate neuro- Chen spent much of Fall other cell surface proteins transmitter receptors. Chen has Semester moving from involved in immunity, B7.2, already found that when she UCSF, where she was finish- and ICAM-1. He is taking co-expresses AMPA receptor ing a postdoc with Roger advantage of cell types in subunits in human embryonic Nicoll, and setting up her lab kidney (HEK) cells with two in LSA. She will be able to receptor-associated proteins, take her first graduate stu- stargazin and PSD-95, the sub- dents in January. units cluster on the cell surface 4 Jennifer Doudna Kristin Scott

photo: Harold Shapiro

Despite their much simpler mole- with an internal ribosome entry What can a fruit fly in a glass of cells that express that particular GR cular makeup, RNA enzymes, or site (IRES), which recruits ribo- Chateauneuf-du-Pape tell about die. Scott then tests the fly on a bat- “ribozymes”, have proven to be somes more efficiently than cellu- the wine? Does he recognize the tery of ligands to see which one it can nearly as versatile as proteins in lar capped RNAs. Research scien- characteristic spiciness of the no longer taste. These experiments catalyzing chemical reactions. tist Hong Ji is now trying to southern Rhone? Can he spot the are only just beginning, but she Researchers working on understand this process with a full fruit of a great year? In fact, already has one promising candidate ribozymes have found them to be combination of biochemical and remarkably little is known about ligand for one of the GRs. essential components of some of X-ray crystallographic techniques. how and what flies taste. They Scott’s main project at the the cell’s most ancient and funda- Finally, postdoc Rich seem to have a penchant for beer, moment is to map the regions of the mental machinery. Spanggord is screening a library of wine and rotten apples, but the fly’s brain that respond to different One of the foremost scien- small molecules for compounds neural circuitry that produces tastes. For this she has developed tists in the field today is Howard that disrupt assembly of the signal these behavioral preferences both functional and anatomical Hughes Medical Institute recognition particle (SRP), a remains uncharted territory. approaches. One approach involves Investigator Jennifer Doudna, ribonucleoprotein complex Kristin Scott has begun to flies engineered with a green fluores- who moved her lab to Berkeley attached to the beginning of make inroads. As a postdoc in cent reporter that becomes activated from Yale University at the begin- growing proteins that are destined Richard Axel’s lab at Columbia when neurons are excited. The firing ning of the Fall Semester. Doudna for secretion or entrenchment in University, she characterized a patterns that result from exposure to began her career in the late 1980s the cell membrane. Such mole- large class of gustatory receptor a specific ligand show up as glowing as a graduate student and then cules could be used not only as genes (GRs), comprising some 60 green neurons. Scott hopes to deter- postdoc for Jack Szostak at tools to dissect the function of the members, in Drosophila melano- mine whether the fly brain groups Harvard University. She pub- SRP, but could also serve as the gaster. Now as an Assistant receptors according to the ligand they lished a series of ground-breaking basis for cancer drugs or antibi- Professor of Neurobiology in detect, or whether they are organized papers on catalytic RNAs, includ- otics. MCB, she has set out to trace the according to where on the fly’s cuticle ing self-splicing introns and an Doudna joined the depart- fly’s sense of taste from the the receptor cell is located. RNA synthase. ment two years ago as a Professor moment a ligand binds to a recep- It’s exciting to be on the thresh- Today, her lab is primarily of Biochemistry and Molecular tor, to the activation of sensory old of such a wide open area of engaged in three projects. One Biology, but continued temporari- regions of the fly’s brain, to the research, Scott says. Not only is fly involves an RNA from hepatitis ly at Yale on a leave of absence. resulting behavior—feed, lay eggs, taste almost a complete mystery, the delta virus (HDV) that cleaves Meanwhile, her four new post- court female, for example. receptor genes themselves are like no itself in two. Doudna’s postdoc docs borrowed space in the lab of Flies have taste receptor cells other known taste or smell receptors Ailong Ke is attempting to gener- her husband, Jamie Cate, who on their probosces, legs and in the animal kingdom. “They look ate snapshots of the enzymatic came to Berkeley in 2001. On wings. Only one GR gene is like they are from another planet,” process by growing crystals of the November 3, Cate and Doudna expressed in each cell, so each cell she says. In fact, taste receptors in dif- RNA frozen in different phases of celebrated the birth of their first detects only one chemical com- ferent types of animals rarely resem- the reaction. child, a boy. Now the lab is in full pound, or ligand. This one-taste- ble each other. Taste appears to have A second project asks how swing with two second-year grad- per-cell feature gives Scott a pow- evolved multiple times. Scott now certain viruses commandeer a uate students and two rotation erful tool for determining what has one graduate student and a tech- cell’s protein synthesis machinery. students, as well as two techni- ligand each taste receptor is built nician who came with her from New Many retroviruses, such as the cians who came with Doudna to recognize. To do this, she links York, but she hopes to grow quickly hepatitis C virus (HCV), do this from Yale. DNA encoding a cellular toxin to to a group of 6 or 7. Clearly there a given GR gene. All the taste will be plenty for them to do. 5 . . . Continued from page 1

Unfortunately, traditional funding sources have not kept up with the new needs. “We have been growing steadily, but we haven’t been growing as fast in terms of finances,” says Michael Botchan, head of the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology divi- sion. Worse than that, through an unfortu- nate coincidence, two key sources of funding were reduced this year. One is the department’s largest training grant from the National Institutes of Health, which is also the largest awarded to any single department in the country. Until this year it covered the stipends of 55 graduate students at once for their first three years, relieving new faculty of the burden of paying graduate students so they can spend their limited research grant resources on supplies and equipment. But in the face of budgetary On the hunt for new resources: Jeremy Thorner heads the new MCB Development Committee. pressures, the NIH has reduced the grant to 50 slots. Until this year, another critical source of money has been the Howard Hughes Medical Companies contacted so far have reacted pos- not technology,” Tussing says. “The compa- Institute (HHMI). Previously, HHMI grant- itively, Thorner says, but no deals have yet nies want to be close to where the action is.” ed a lump sum to MCB every year for the been finalized. Thorner also hopes to appeal to the department to spend on graduate student Another approach is to revitalize the philanthropy of undergraduate and graduate education. The amount was based on the department’s Industrial Affiliates Program. alumni, former postdocs and those whose number of graduate students in the labs of This was first established in the early 1980s careers have benefited from their time in the HHMI investigators. This was in addition to but was suspended a few years later as other department. On one end of the spectrum, he HHMI’s generous support of the labs them- funding became available. Companies that says, those whose entrepreneurial ventures selves. But HHMI has phased out the lump join the program commit a fixed amount have brought them significant rewards may payments in favor of more targeted funding each year. This could be anywhere from wish to recognize the importance of MCB to to individual Hughes professors. This leaves $10,000 to $200,000 depending on the their success. But he also hopes to find ways the Graduate Affairs Office searching for a agreement. In exchange, the companies get to reach out to all graduates who have gone new wellspring to finance one of its most the chance to build relationships with faculty on to fulfilling careers after their MCB important activities: recruiting the best who may serve as consultants and with grad- training. In any case, it is now very easy for students to Berkeley uate students and postdocs in the depart- alumni to target their donations directly to Most professors agree, the department is ment, who in turn may eventually seek MCB by going to Cal’s e-Giving website: only as good as its graduate students. So every employment in industry. Botchan, who led givetocal.berkeley.edu. There is also a link year the MCB Graduate Admissions the program’s first incarnation, emphasizes under News and Events on the MCB web Committee selects between 150 and 170 of that there are no strings attached to the mon- page at mcb.berkeley.edu. its 600-some applicants for on-campus inter- ey and there is no promise of intellectual Of course, new funds will benefit more views. This is a critical step in narrowing property rights in return. “The companies than the department’s research program. down the final class to around 50 students, have no influence over how the money is More money in department coffers means both from the point of view of the applicants’ used,” Botchan says. “It just fosters good will better supplies for undergraduate laboratory satisfaction with their choice of school and both ways.” classes, Thorner says. “Undergrads should do from the standpoint of the department, Such programs have a proven track FPLC and not columns by gravity. They which seeks to recruit the cream of the crop. record at other institutions. Stanford should set up crystal trays or do Affymetrix Previously, the cost of the many plane tickets University’s biosciences departments have chips. Right now we can’t afford it.” and hotel rooms needed to pull this off was had a very strong industrial relations program Thorner is confident the Development covered by Hughes money. But no more. for years. Ted Tussing, Stanford’s develop- Committee’s efforts will meet with success. What to do? As head of the new ment officer responsible for such deals, says After all, Berkeley remains one of the jewels Development Committee, Thorner is burst- some of the most effective arrangements are in the crown of biological research. It’s more ing with ideas. One is to establish several new direct sponsorships of graduate students. Of than the success of its graduates or the impact endowed chairs in the names of senior faculty course, the companies select laboratories of its research publications that draws top who have consulted for industry for many doing work of interest to them, but the agree- researchers to Berkeley, Thorner says. “There years. Endowing a chair is a way for the cor- ments are carefully crafted so that the stu- are only a handful of places around the world porate beneficiaries of Berkeley’s expertise to dents retain control over how they pursue where there is that esprit de corps or elan that recognize the value of strong relationships their dissertation. The companies get reports it takes to really get things done,” he says. between academia and industry and to give on how the work is going, as well as access to “Berkeley is one of those places.” something back to the research community. the university’s talent pool. “It’s about talent

6 CLASS NOTES

Panos Asimakopoulos (BA 2001) went to Carolina. She specializes in corporate T. Michael Lin (BA 1993) finished his graduate school at the University of Patras finance and merger and acquisitions residency in dermatology at Thomas in Greece to do a Master’s degree in work in the life sciences sector. She is Jefferson University in June. He has Medicinal Chemistry, a field that involves planning to join a private equity or ven- moved back to California and now resides drug design and development. He started ture capital firm before applying to busi- near Los Angeles. He and his wife Jennifer medical school at the University of ness school. [email protected] have a baby boy, David, who was born Aberdeen in Scotland, UK this Fall. March. [email protected] [email protected] Victor Lee (BA 1993, Biochemistry and Psychology). After medical school at Rachita Sethi (BA 2000) worked for a Francis Ka-Ming Chan (PhD 1996) Tufts University, Lee completed a year and a half as a consultant for ID is an Assistant Professor in the Dept. of 3-year internal medicine residency at Business Solutions, a software company in Pathology at the University of Kaiser Permanente in Los Angeles. He Emeryville, California, that targets the Massachusetts Medical School. then worked as a hospitalist and has pharmaceutical and biotech industries. recently started a new career in health- Sethi’s software implementations helped Serena Hom (BA 1999). After graduation, care information technology at Zynx companies get drugs on the market faster. Horn spent a year studying at the UCSF Health in Beverly Hills. At Zynx, Lee In August, Sethi began a five-year School of Pharmacy, but then dropped out develops clinical decision support mod- MPH/MD program at St.George’s to pursue a career in investment banking. ules for computerized physician order University in Grenada, West Indies. Three She is now a second-year investment bank- entry systems. [email protected] of those years will be spent in the ing analyst in Wachovia Securities Caribbean and two in the US and the UK Healthcare Group in Charlotte, North for rotations. [email protected]

CLASS NOTES WANTS

TO HEAR FROM YOU Clip and mail to:

NAME Class Notes, Do you have a BA, MA, PhD in Molecular MCB Newsletter

and Cell Biology from Berkeley? Have DEGREE YEAR Department of Molecular you recently changed jobs, schools, or and Cell Biology 597 Life Sciences Addition countries? Here is an easy way to let your E-MAIL (OPTIONAL) University of California classmates know what you have been doing May we print your e-mail address? ❍ Yes ❍ No Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 and maybe reconnect with old friends. Tell us what you have been up to: Send us your class note for the next issue. Note: for address changes, e-mail It’s so easy. You can: [email protected], or mail: 1 clip and mail this form Alumni Records 2 send e-mail to [email protected] University Relations 2440 Bancroft Avenue 3 or fill out the online form at Comments or complaints about the newsletter University of California http://mcb.berkeley.edu/alumni/ (we won’t print these): Berkeley, CA 94720-4200 survey.html

7 Fall 2001 Berkeley, CA94720-3200 597 LifeSciencesAddition ofMolecularDepartment andCellBiology University ofCaliforniaatBerkeley MCB Newsletter Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Migration in Thomas Harbaugh Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Replication Defects in Checkpoint Responses to Peter Garber DNA Polymerase Epsilon. Characterization ofHuman Localization and Jill Fuss Mammalian Cells. in Endocytic Machinery Actin Cytoskeleton andthe Molecular LinkBetween the (Hip 1R)Provides a Interacting Protein 1Related Huntingtin (Drubin) The Åsa Engqvist-Goldstein Xenopus their antagonistsinearly of the TGF-b and superfamily Characterization ofmembers Peter Eimon Function Analysis. Formation: AStructure- Role ofNeuroligin inSynapse Jenny Choih Switching andApoptosis. of Immunoglobulin Isotype NF-kB Mediated Regulation Deepta Bhattacharya 2001-2002 Master’s2001-2002 and PhD Graduates 12133NEWSL development. (Linn) Cellular ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED (Harland) (Serafini) The (Rine) (Garriga) (Sha) Protein Design. (Handel) Energy Functions for Pokala (Navin) Sivarama Saccharomyces cerevisiae (eIF) 4GandeIFA from Eukaryotic Initiation Factor the Interaction Between and Biochemical Studies on Carrie Neff Eukaryotic Cell. for theGenome inthe Ran GTPase: ASpatial Marker Maxence Nachury protein. Telomerase Ribonucleo- the Molecules andMechanism of Michael Miller virilis Determination in tional AnalysisofSex Lisa Megna Project. Disruption Project andcDNA Drosophila Bioinformatics Approaches in Guochun Liao Heterochromatin Formation. Assembly Factor-I in The Role ofChromatin Denise Krawitz Odorant Receptor Genes. Regulation ofZebrafish Elucidating the Transcriptional Erica Kratz Tetrahymena thermophila . P-Element Gene (Sachs) Genetic (Ngai) (Cline) Afunc- (Rubin) (Collins) (Kaufman) Drosophila (Weis) The . Spring 2002 Transcription Factors. Analysis of Transmembrane Trap Approach andGenomic Development Using aGene Functional AnalysisofMouse Joel Zupicich Degeneration (AMD). Age-related Macular andGene (CNV) Therapy for Choroidal Neovascularization Fei Wang some segregation. compensation andchromo- with dualfunctionsindosage Caenorhabditis elegans Chun Tsai the SnoN Oncoprotein. Growth Factor- Signaling and Regulation of Transforming Shannon Stroschein Saccharomyces cerevisiae Initiation andElongation in Investigations of Transcript Biochemical andGenetic FishRachel Units inProteins. Locating Autonomous Folding FischerKael Analyses. Assessed by Gene Expression Tolerance and Withdrawal Mechanisms ofOpiate Andrew Finn (Miller) Model for (Meyer) Analysisof (Kane) (Marqusee) (Kaplan) (Skarnes) (Luo) genes . Retina. sentations intheRabbit Parallel Image Repre- Vertical Interactions Among RoskaBotond Molecule, B7h. and theCostimulatory Transcription Factor, Nf-kB Responses by the Regulation ofB-cell Linda Liang Guidance. Frazzled andUnc5 inAxon Drosophila Analysis oftheRoles of Theresa Ho Flickering Sources. Thresholds ofSmall through Contrast Observed HumanSystem Visual Spatial Interactions inthe Thomas Gerling Pre-mRNA Splicing. Transcription andCoupled and AssociatedRNPs inHIV Yick Fong State Ensemble. Comparisons withtheNative coli Escherichia the Folding Intermediate of (Marqusee) Interactions in Giulietta Spudich University ofCalifornia U.S. Postage PAID Non-profit Org. Netrin Receptors (Zhou) P-TEFb (Goodman) (Sha) RNase H: (Werblin) (Lecar)