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RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
GENES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROL THE SECRETORY PATHWAY Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2013 by RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Introduction George Palade shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve for their pioneering work in the characterization of organelles interrelated by the process of secretion in mammalian cells and tissues. These three scholars established the modern field of cell biology and the tools of cell fractionation and thin section transmission electron microscopy. It was Palade’s genius in particular that revealed the organization of the secretory pathway. He discovered the ribosome and showed that it was poised on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it engaged in the vectorial translocation of newly synthesized secretory polypeptides (1). And in a most elegant and technically challenging investigation, his group employed radioactive amino acids in a pulse-chase regimen to show by autoradiograpic exposure of thin sections on a photographic emulsion that secretory proteins progress in sequence from the ER through the Golgi apparatus into secretory granules, which then discharge their cargo by membrane fusion at the cell surface (1). He documented the role of vesicles as carriers of cargo between compartments and he formulated the hypothesis that membranes template their own production rather than form by a process of de novo biogenesis (1). As a university student I was ignorant of the important developments in cell biology; however, I learned of Palade’s work during my first year of graduate school in the Stanford biochemistry department. -
Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of
Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of -
ASB M B Annual Meeting Highlights from the 2009
2010 ANNUAL MEETING, APRIL 24-28. ANAHEIM AWAITS! hlights fr ig om H June 2009 t h e 2 0 0 9 A S B M B A n n u al Meeting American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ANNUAL REVIEWS A Nonprofit Scientific Publisher INSIGHTFUL ANNUAL REVIEW OF TABLE OF CONTENTS BIOCHEMISTRY Without a License, or Accidents Waiting to Happen, E. Peter Geiduschek RESEARCH IN • A Journey in the World of DNA Rings and Beyond, James C. Wang BIOCHEMISTRY Vol. 78 • JUlY 2009 • The Biochemistry of Disease: Desperately Seeking Syzygy, John W. Kozarich • Biosynthesis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acid Natural STARTS WITH Editor: Products, William W. Metcalf, Wilfred A. van der Donk • New Antivirals and Drug Resistance, Peter M. Colman • Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria, Roger D. Kornberg ANNUAL Hiroshi Nikaido • Conformational Pathology of the Serpins: Themes, REVIEWS Stanford University School Variations, and Therapeutic Strategies, Bibek Gooptu, David A. Lomas of Medicine • Getting a Grip on Prions: Oligomers, Amyloids, and Pathological Membrane Interactions, Byron Caughey, Gerald S. Baron, Bruce Chesebro, Annual Review of Martin Jeffrey • RING Domain E3 Ubiquitin Ligases, Raymond J. Deshaies, Biochemistry, in publication Claudio A.P. Joazeiro • Regulation and Cellular Roles of Ubiquitin- since 1932, sets the standard Specific Deubiquitinating Enzymes, Francisca E. Reyes-Turcu, Karen H. Ventii, Keith D. Wilkinson • Recognition and Processing of Ubiquitin- for review articles in biological Protein Conjugates by the Proteasome, Daniel Finley • Degradation of chemistry and molecular biology. Activated Protein Kinases by Ubiquitination, Zhimin Lu, Tony Hunter • The Since its inception, these volumes Role of Ubiquitin in the NFκB Regulatory Pathways, Brian Skaug, Xiaomo have served as an indispensable Jiang, Zhijian J. -
Huda Y. Zoghbi, MD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’S Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine
Investigator Spotlight: Huda Y. Zoghbi, MD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine It is hard to believe that the 7th World Rett Syndrome Congress has come and gone with great success! Now with summer upon us, IRSF continues to move the spotlight to the committed scientists who have made the World Congress an impressive, high quality meeting with outstanding presentations and discussions. This month we are honored to focus on Dr. Huda Zoghbi who had co-chaired the Basic Research Symposium at the World Congress along with Dr. Gail Mandel. Together, they had produced an exciting lineup of speakers who were encouraged to present new, unpublished data in an effort to foster new ideas that will help chart the course for Rett syndrome research. Dr. Zoghbi is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Investigator, the Director of the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, and Professor of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX. She received her medical degree from Meharry Medical College and completed residency training in pediatrics and neurology at Baylor College of Medicine where she encountered her first Rett syndrome patient in 1983. Dr. Zoghbi was inspired to receive additional research training in the area molecular genetics and upon completion she joined the faculty of Baylor College of Medicine. In 1999, Dr. Zoghbi and collaborators including research fellow Ruthie Amir made a major breakthrough for Rett syndrome. They had discovered that mutations in MECP2, the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, causes Rett syndrome. -
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 is Characterized by Defects in Mitochondrial and Metabolic Function Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02b7m809 Author Ward, Jacqueline Marie Publication Date 2016 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02b7m809#supplemental Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 is Characterized by Defects in Mitochondrial and Metabolic Function A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Sciences by Jacqueline Marie Ward Committee in charge: Professor Albert La Spada, Chair Professor Eric Bennett Professor Lawrence Goldstein Professor Alysson Muotri Professor Miles Wilkinson 2016 Copyright Jacqueline Marie Ward, 2016 All rights reserved The Dissertation of Jacqueline Marie Ward is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2016 iii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my grandfather, Dr. Wayne Ward, the kindest person I’ve ever known. His memory inspires me to be a better person daily. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS SIGNATURE PAGE .......................................................................................... iii DEDICATION .................................................................................................. -
1999 Annual Report
1999 1999 BANBURY CENTER DIRECTOR'S REPORT The Banbury Center program continues to be as eclectic and exciting as ever. The year was filled with more meetings than ever before-a record 23 of them! Laboratory scientists used the Center for seven in-house meetings, and local community groups came here on eight occasions. Together with the five neurobiology courses, there was hardly a week when the Center was not in use. Not surprisingly, 1999 was also a record year for the number of visitors to Banbury Center: 667 par ticipants attended the 23 meetings. The demographics of our participants remain much the same: 25% of visitors to Banbury Center came from abroad, with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Canada lead ing the way. Of the American scientists, those from New York, Massachusetts, and California together accounted for more than 32% of the total. However, participants were drawn from no fewer than 42 states. This is the first year that we have been able to use the Meier House to accommodate participants, which proved to be wonderful. Now the number of participants that we can house on the Banbury estate matches the number we can have in the Conference Room-we do not have to transport peo ple between the Center and the main campus. Biological and biomedical research is becoming ever more interdisciplinary, and as it does so, it also becomes ever more difficult to categorize the topics of Banbury Center meetings. A meeting may deal with the same phenomenon in a range of organisms, or many different strategies may be used to study one phenomenon in a single species. -
Looking at Earth: an Astronaut's Journey Induction Ceremony 2017
american academy of arts & sciences winter 2018 www.amacad.org Bulletin vol. lxxi, no. 2 Induction Ceremony 2017 Class Speakers: Jane Mayer, Ursula Burns, James P. Allison, Heather K. Gerken, and Gerald Chan Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture Looking at Earth: An Astronaut’s Journey David M. Rubenstein and Kathryn D. Sullivan ALSO: How Are Humans Different from Other Great Apes?–Ajit Varki, Pascal Gagneux, and Fred H. Gage Advancing Higher Education in America–Monica Lozano, Robert J. Birgeneau, Bob Jacobsen, and Michael S. McPherson Redistricting and Representation–Patti B. Saris, Gary King, Jamal Greene, and Moon Duchin noteworthy Select Prizes and Andrea Bertozzi (University of James R. Downing (St. Jude Chil- Barbara Grosz (Harvard Univer- California, Los Angeles) was se- dren’s Research Hospital) was sity) is the recipient of the Life- Awards to Members lected as a 2017 Simons Investi- awarded the 2017 E. Donnall time Achievement Award of the gator by the Simons Foundation. Thomas Lecture and Prize by the Association for Computational American Society of Hematology. Linguistics. Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Clara D. Bloomfield (Ohio State 2017 University) is the recipient of the Carol Dweck (Stanford Univer- Christopher Hacon (University 2017 Robert A. Kyle Award for sity) was awarded the inaugural of Utah) was awarded the Break- Joachim Frank (Columbia Univer- Outstanding Clinician-Scientist, Yidan Prize. through Prize in Mathematics. sity) presented by the Mayo Clinic Di- vision of Hematology. Felton Earls (Harvard Univer- Naomi Halas (Rice University) sity) is the recipient of the 2018 was awarded the 2018 Julius Ed- Nobel Prize in Economic Emmanuel J. -
Program Book
PARKINSON’SDISEASE2014 ADVANCING RESEARCH, IMPROVING LIVES PROGRAM MATERIALS Sponsored by: January 6 – 7, 2014 Natcher Conference Center National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD About our cover: The program cover image is a stylized version of the Parkinson’s Disease Motor-Related Pattern (PDRP), an abnormal pattern of regional brain function observed in MRI studies which shows increased metabolism indicated by red in some brain regions (pallidothalamic, pontine, and motor cortical areas), and decreased metabolism indicated by blue in others (associated lateral premotor and posterior parietal areas). Original image used with permission of David Eidelberg, M.D. For further information see: Hirano et al., Journal of Neuroscience 28 (16): 4201-4209. Welcome Message from Dr. Story C. Landis Welcome to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) conference, “Parkinson’s Disease 2014: Advancing Research, Improving Lives.” Remarkable new discoveries and technological advances are rapidly changing the way we study the biological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease, identify paths to improved treatments, and design effective clinical trials. Elucidating mechanisms and developing and testing effective interventions require a diverse set of approaches and perspectives. The NINDS has organized this conference with the primary goal of seeking consensus on, and prioritizing, research recommendations spanning clinical, translational, and basic Parkinson’s disease research that we support. We have assembled a stellar and dedicated group of session chairs and panelists who have worked collaboratively to identify emerging research opportunities in Parkinson’s research. While we have divided our working groups into three main research areas, we expect each will inform the others over the course of the next two days, and we look forward to both complementary and unique perspectives. -
2012 Annual Report
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center 2012 ANNUAL REPORT A SHARED VISION A SINGULAR MISSION Nurse practitioner Naomi Cazeau, of the Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service. PING CHI PHYSICIAN-SCIENTIST 10 STEPHEN SOLOMON ALEXANDER RUDENSKY INTERVENTIONAL IMMUNOLOGIST RADIOLOGIST 16 12 VIVIANE TABAR The clinicians and scientists of NEUROSURGEON Memorial Sloan-Kettering share a vision and 18 a singular mission — to conquer cancer. STEPHEN LONG STRUCTURAL BIOLOGIST They are experts united against a 20 SIMON POWELL complex disease. Each type of cancer R ADIATION ONCOLOGIST 24 ETHEL LAW is different, each tumor is unique. Set free NURSE PRACTITIONER in surroundings that invite the sharing of 26 ideas and resources, they attack the CHRISTINA LESLIE complexity of cancer from every angle COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGIST and every discipline. 34 SCOTT ARMSTRONG PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGIST 30 TO JORGE REIS-FILHO EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGIST CONQUER 38 CANCER 04 Letter from the Chairman and the President A complete version of this report — 42 Statistical Profile which includes lists of our donors, 44 Financial Summary doctors, and scientists — 46 Boards of Overseers and Managers is available on our website at 49 The Campaign for Memorial Sloan-Kettering www.mskcc.org/annualreport. 4 5 Letter from the Chairman In 2012 the leadership of Memorial Sloan-Kettering endorsed Douglas A. Warner III These programmatic investments require leadership and and the President a $2.2 billion investment in a clinical expansion that will set vision. Our new Physician-in-Chief, José Baselga, joined the stage for a changing care paradigm into the next decade us on January 1, 2013. An internationally recognized and beyond. -
Five Great Ideas of Biology
GREATGREAT IDEASIDEAS OFOF BIOLOGYBIOLOGY Paul Nurse KITP Public Lecture, Feb 24, 2010 THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life ROBERTROBERT HOOKEHOOKE’’SS MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE Cork Image: Past Present STEMSTEM IMAGES:IMAGES: PASTPAST ANDAND PRESENTPRESENT Nehemiah Grew (1682) ANTONIANTONI VANVAN LEEUWENHOEKLEEUWENHOEK MICROORGANISMSMICROORGANISMS VANVAN LEEUWENHOEK?LEEUWENHOEK? THEODORTHEODOR SCHWANNSCHWANN “We have seen that all organisms are composed of essentially like parts, namely, of cells.” (1839) RUDOLFRUDOLF VIRCHOWVIRCHOW “Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life.” (1858) CELLCELL Rockefeller Nobel Prize Winners in Cell Biology George E. Palade (1974) Christian de Duve (1974) Albert Claude (1974) Günter Blobel (1999) MAMMALIANMAMMALIAN EMBRYOEMBRYO SPERMSPERM ANDAND EGGEGG THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life Underpins all reproduction and development Stem cells THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity GREGORGREGOR MENDELMENDEL MENDELMENDEL’’SS GARDENGARDEN PEASPEAS PEASPEAS 1919TH CENTURYCENTURY CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES EDOUARDEDOUARD VANVAN BENEDENBENEDEN’’SS NEMATODENEMATODE CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES PNEUMOCOCCUSPNEUMOCOCCUS Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, Rockefeller University (1944) DNADNA MOLECULEMOLECULE CENTRALCENTRAL DOGMADOGMA THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity Genotype to phenotype Implications for what we are EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION BYBY NATURALNATURAL SELECTIONSELECTION Life evolves Mechanism of natural selection ERASMUSERASMUS ANDAND CHARLESCHARLES DARWINDARWIN -
Pages 459 To
459 University Organization Board of Trustees The dean of the Heller School for Social study abroad, international students and Policy and Management oversees the scholars, and student enrichment services), academic activities of the school and its Hiatt Career Center, research and planning, Under Massachusetts law, the Board of work in such policy areas as children, and student life (including athletics, Trustees is the governing body of the youth, families, health, mental health, chaplaincy, community service, health university. There are four faculty substance abuse, disabilities, aging, social services, intercultural center, judicial representatives and three student change, and economic inequalities. orientation, psychological counseling, representatives to the board who participate residence life, and student activities). in board meetings and have votes on the The dean of the Brandeis International several committees. The president of the Business School oversees the academic, The senior vice president for university, the chair of the Fellows, the professional, and development activities communications administers and executes president of the Brandeis National of the university’s second professional critical university-wide internal and Committee, and the president of the school. Research areas of the school external communications, overseeing the Alumni Association serve ex officio. The include economic policy, finance, global communications emergency response plan board annually elects an alumni term entrepreneurship, international business, and directing all crisis communications. trustee who serves a four-year term with regional economics integration, and trade Further, she is responsible for an integrated full voting privileges. and exports. marketing communications program that highlights Brandeis’s research The President accomplishments, academic excellence, The president, the chief executive officer of The Faculty Senate social justice mission, and scholarly the university, is appointed by the Board of contributions to the Jewish community. -
The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Biomedicine Goes to Tony Hunter, Joseph Schlessinger and Charles Sawyers
The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Biomedicine goes to Tony Hunter, Joseph Schlessinger and Charles Sawyers for opening the door to the personalized treatment of cancer The winners represent the three steps in research leading to this advance: Tony Hunter discovered tyrosine kinases, Joseph Schlessinger identified the principle through which they function, and Charles Sawyers brought this knowledge to the clinic and the development of novel cancer therapies Their contributions served initially to treat a variety of leukemia, transforming it from a fatal into a chronic disorder, but have since given rise to effective therapies for lung and breast cancer, melanoma and lymphomas, among other conditions José Baselga, Physician-in-Chief at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York and nominator of Charles Sawyers, described the contributions of the three laureates as marking “the birth of personalized anti-cancer medicine” Madrid, January 27, 2015.- The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the Biomedicine category is shared in this seventh edition by Tony Hunter, professor and Director of the Salk Institute Cancer Center in La Jolla, California; Joseph Schlessinger, Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, and Charles Sawyers, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Chair at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, for “carving out the path that led to the development of a new class of successful cancer drugs.” For José Baselga, Physician-in-Chief