ANNUAL REPORT 2014 HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM

The Human Frontier Science Program is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontier of the life sciences. Special emphasis is given to the support and training of independent young investigators, beginning at the postdoctoral level. The Program is implemented by an international organisation, supported financially by Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the European Union. Since 1990, over 6000 awards have been made to researchers from more than 70 countries. Of these, 25 HFSP awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize. APRIL 2014 - MARCH 2015 ANNUAL REPORT

— 3 — Table of contents The following documents are available on the HFSP web site www.hfsp.org:

Joint Communiqués (Tokyo 1992, Washington 1997, Berlin 2002, Bern 2004, Ottawa 2007, Canberra 2010, Brussels 2013): http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/governance/intergovernmental-conference

Statutes of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization : http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/governance/statutes

Guidelines for the participation of new members in HFSPO : http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/new-membership

General reviews of the HFSP (1996, 2001, 2006-2007, 2010): http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/reviews-hfsp

Updated and previous lists of awards, including titles and abstracts: http://www.hfsp.org/awardees

— 4 — INTRODUCTION Introduction Highlights in FY 2014 Message of the Secretary General Board of Trustees Council of Scientists Secretariat

CHAPTER 1 - FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships 1.3 Fellowship Awards in 2015 1.4 The 2015 Review Committee for Fellowships 1.5 Career Development Awards 1.6 Career Development Awards in 2015 1.7 The 2015 Review Committee for Career Development Awards

CHAPTER 2 - RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM 2.1 Overview of the Grant Program 2.2 Young Investigator Grants 2.3 Program Grants 2.4 Research Grant Awards in 2015 2.5 The 2015 Review Committee for Research Grants

CHAPTER 3 - OUTREACH AND NETWORKING 3.1 HFSP Nakasone Award 3.2 Annual Awardees Meeting 3.3 25th anniversary celebrations 3.4 Further milestones in communication and outreach activities 3.5 Honours and prizes

CHAPTER 4 - BUDGET AND FINANCE 4.1 Guidelines for HFSPO funding 4.2 Key financial figures for FY 2014 4.3 FY 2014 financial summary 4.4 Budget for program activities FY 2015

APPENDIX A.1 History of the Program A.2 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Human Frontier Science Program, Brussels, 11 June 2013 A.3 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in 2014 A.4 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in 2014 A.5 Career Development Awards made in 2014 A.6 Research Grants awarded in 2014

— 5 — — 6 — Introduction

Introduction

Highlights in FY 2014 Message of the Secretary General Board of Trustees Council of Scientists Secretariat

— 7 — The focus of research supported by HFSP is on the Introduction complex mechanisms of living organisms, ranging from the biomolecular level to that of behaving organisms. The life sciences have undergone a revolution in recent years, emerging as a leading scientific area with a convergence of interest from other disciplines such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science and engineering on solving biological questions. HFSP aims to stay at the forefront of research by involving scientists The Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP) from outside the life sciences as part of research promotes fundamental research in the life sciences collaborations and as postdoctoral fellows. To this with special emphasis on novel and interdisciplinary end, the Young Investigator and Program Grants research, international and, in particular, are specifically geared to fostering interactions intercontinental collaboration and support for young between scientists from different disciplines and investigators. Since its establishment in 1989, HFSP this is a major factor in the review of applications has demonstrated the value of creating a framework in these programs. In addition, HFSP has extended for competitive, collaborative, international research its commitment to interdisciplinary research by of the highest caliber and of providing young introducing Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships to equip scientists with the opportunity to emerge as talented young scientists from outside biology with the skills researchers capable of shaping the science of the needed to tackle problems in the life sciences. future. With a mission to the frontiers of science, HFSP The International Human Frontier Science Program supports the next generation of researchers who Organization (HFSPO) implements the Program are in the strongest position to open new avenues through the following mechanisms of research of research. Several of the HFSP programs are support, details of which can be found in Chapters 1 specifically targeted towards early career scientists: and 2 of this report : the Fellowship programs, Career Development Award and Young Investigator Grant. In addition, n Long-Term Fellowships – for young scientists Program Grant teams are encouraged to include within three years of obtaining their Ph.D who young scientists with the result that a significant wish to broaden their scientific experience in a number of scientists under the age of 40 participate foreign laboratory. in this program. Taking these researchers together, approximately 70 % of annual HFSP funds are n Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships – modeled on awarded to early career researchers. the Long-Term Fellowships but specifically for scientists with Ph.Ds in non-biological disciplines who seek training in the life sciences. HFSPO is financed and managed by representatives of the Management Supporting n Career Development Awards – for former HFSP Parties (MSPs). The MSPs are those countries Fellows to help them set up their own independent that directly fund the HFSP Programs plus laboratories in the home country or another HFSP the European Union, which represents the EU member country. countries that do not contribute directly. The MSPs are: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, n Young Investigator Grants – grants for India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New interdisciplinary teams of young researchers Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the who are within the first five years of their first United Kingdom, the United States of America independent positions and located in different and the European Union. Japan provided 38 % of countries. MSPs’ contributions for FY 2014. n Program Grants – for interdisciplinary teams of HFSPO is governed by a Board of Trustees (Board) researchers in different countries at any stage of consisting of representatives of the MSPs. The Board their careers. is advised by a scientific advisory body, the Council of Scientists (Council) and the Organization is run from Since 1990, 997 Research Grants involving 3,704 the Secretariat in Strasbourg, France. scientists, 2,818 Long-Term, 101 Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships and 202 Career Development Awards have been awarded. Researchers from more than 70 countries have received HFSP funding so far.

— 8 — Highlights in FY 2014

Left to right : Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, Secretary General of HFSPO with Low Teck Seng, Chief Executive Officer of the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore

Highlights in FY 2014 l The 25th anniversary of HFSPO was l The recipient of the HFSP Nakasone Award celebrated in Lugano, Switzerland on 5 July. 2014 was Uri Alon, Weizmann Institute of Further celebrations were held in Strasbourg Science, Israel. on 28 October 2014. l James Collins, Boston University, USA, l Singapore became a member of HFSPO. The was selected as the recipient of the HFSP signing of a Memorandum of Understanding Nakasone Award 2015. took place in the context of the anniversary celebrations in Lugano on 5 July and in l Warwick Anderson accepted the invitation Singapore on 15 July. of the Board to take up the position of Secretary General when the term of Ernst- l The 2014 Awardees Meeting was held Ludwig Winnacker comes to an end on in Lugano, Switzerland, on 6-9 July 2014, 30 June 2015. He takes up office on 1 July following the 25th anniversary celebrations. 2015.

— 9 — Message from the Secretary General

A precious legacy or - Small is beautiful

How can HFSPO broaden its financial perspective ? It could open itself up wholeheartedly to support from other sources, with a clear goal and timeline set by the Board so that governments know what is expected from them in the future. One obvious Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, option may be private donations. HFSPO could, over Secretary General of HFSPO time, build up an endowment to support its activities wherever and whenever government funding falls short. The HFSPO Board has recently taken the first steps towards considering this possibility.

The good news is that HFSP has managed to exist Another way of strengthening HFSPO’s financial for over 25 years. Was there ever any doubt ? Yes, position could be to encourage new MSPs to join. there was, and indeed the uncertainty remains. Not In fact, in 2014 Singapore became the most recent for scientific reasons, since former HFSP grantees member, drawing on an increasingly competent, have again received numerous prestigious awards competitive and world-renowned scientific base. in 2014/2015, among them two Nobel Prizes. In the Mr. Lim Chuan Poh, Chairman of the Agency for year of HFSPO’s 25th anniversary, the number of Science, Technology and Research (A*Star), was Nobel Prizes thus now reaches 25. In contrast to this present at our festivities in Lugano and thus could success story, the financial situation of HFSPO remains personally receive our congratulations and our best precarious. At its start in 1989, HFSPO was supported wishes for a fruitful collaboration. exclusively by the government of Japan. Then came a period of striving for an “ equal match ”, a period in One of the fundamental elements of HFSP’s culture which the non-Japanese members together tried to is to offer unrestricted access to researchers from match the Japanese contribution, providing 50 % of all over the world, for good and obvious reasons. the budget. This point was reached 6 years ago. Today, Currently, about 22 % of the available funds go to as of the end of fiscal year 2014, the ratio has leveled scientists from non-member countries, among them off at 60/40. Thus, Japan is still in the driving seat with Israel, the People’s Republic of China and various too few efforts by the other MSPs to work towards South American countries. This proportion is on equal representation, for example based on the GDP of the rise. The HFSPO Board of Trustees may thus each MSP. The current strong dependence on a single find it difficult to continue such a generous policy MSP has had many positive aspects in the past, in in the future. On several occasions during 2014 and particular because Japan is a patient and trustworthy early 2015, I was able to convey these concerns to member. But this situation cannot last forever officials in China and in Israel. It is almost certain considering the changes in wealth distribution which that together with political support from the HFSPO we observe around the world. As my “ last wish ” as Board these two countries will apply for membership Secretary-General, I would thus like to urge the current in due course. It would indeed be a great honor for members to increase their support, possibly even prior HFSPO to receive both countries in its bouquet of to the next Intergovernmental Conference in 2016. MSPs which is already 15 members strong. — 10 — Compared to other funding organisations, HFSPO The festivities continued in the Fall with an afternoon/ is quite small. Think of a string quartet versus a evening event in Strasbourg, the seat of HFSPO. symphony orchestra. String quartets however have Both the Region of Alsace and the City of Strasbourg their particular role, especially when they achieve an contribute significantly to our budget and both were exceptional sound. There is little doubt in the scientific kind enough to invite us to their premises. Speakers community, and beyond, that HFSPO has developed included our President, Nobutaka Hirokawa, Catherine just that. Over the years it has found its unique niche Trautmann, former Vice-President of the European as a small but highly respected funding organisation. Parliament, Mayor of Strasbourg when HFSPO was Scientists wouldn’t want it to be missing from their founded in 1989, and largely responsible for HFSPO CV and the convergent nature of modern biology finds settling in Strasbourg, Alain Beretz, President of a perfect funding instrument in our three funding Strasbourg University, Lilla Merabet, Vice-President programs - Research Grants, Fellowships and Career of the Regional Council, Region of Alsace, Jean-Pierre Development Awards. Bourguignon, President of the European Research Council (ERC) and Anne Houdusse from the Institut Occasionally, a string quartet makes itself heard Curie in Paris, a former HFSP fellow and grantee, even above the roar of the world’s greatest funding who talked about her work on the mechanism of “orchestras”. Last summer, HFSPO celebrated its molecular motors. It turned out to be an extremely 25th anniversary. The government of Switzerland happy, successful and memorable event, with more which joined HFSPO early on (1990), invited us to than hundred faithful friends of HFSP as participants. Lugano, a small city, not unlike Strasbourg, located With a banner on our building and our logo on three of on the shores of one of the most spectacular lakes Strasbourg’s futuristic trams, the Secretariat hopes to in the southern foothills of the Alps. We were happy have contributed in a significant way to making HFSP to welcome Hirofumi Nakasone, the son of Prime better known within the local community, scientific Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone who had initiated HFSP and otherwise. some 25 years ago, himself a high-ranking member of the upper house of the National Diet of Japan. He I have always used these pages to thank the staff of assured us of the continuing support of his father and HFSPO for their boundless loyalty and outstanding of the Japanese government. This promise augurs well commitment. The HFSP “ String Quartet ” has only for HFSP’s future. 15 members. It is so small that almost everybody has to stand in for everybody else at one time or Another feature was a podium discussion on the another. Although a string quartet doesn’t need a subject of “ Human Frontiers ”, with the well-known real conductor, somebody has to beat time. The old Swiss architect Mario Botta, designer, among others, observation according to which ‘hours do not strike of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Claude for a happy man’ describes the pleasures associated Nicollier, a Swiss astronaut and four times visitor of with running HFSPO. I wouldn’t exchange the staff at the International Space Station, Susan Hockfield, HFSPO for any other treasure chest and cross all my neurobiologist and former President of MIT and fingers that my successor, Warwick Anderson, will have Torsten Wiesel, a Nobel Prize winner and former as much fun I have ! Secretary-General of HFSPO. As expected, their reflections on Human Frontiers turned out to be quite different, leading to a discussion of extraordinary depth and breadth, and pointing to the special relevance of the search for Human Frontiers for our human society. This event was followed by our annual Awardees Meeting, with Uri Alon from the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, as recipient of this year’s HFSP Nakasone award. Professor Alon is a pioneer in understanding the rules underlying genetic networks. Such networks which are at the core of sustaining every living cell’s metabolism are composed of much simpler units which many of these circuits have in common. Alon thus has laid the basis for our understanding of the evolution and function of design principles which in turn paved the way for the new field of synthetic biology. — 11 — Board of Trustees

HFSPO Board of Trustees

President Nobutaka HIROKOWA University of Tokyo, Japan

Vice-Presidents Mark PALMER Medical Research Council, UK Sally ROCKEY National Institutes of Health, USA

Australia Warwick ANDERSON National Health and Medical Research Council Roy GOLDIE National Health and Medical Research Council

Canada Pierre CHAREST Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Kelly VANKOUGHNET Canadian Institutes of Health Research

European Union Ruxandra DRAGHIA AKLI Directorate-General Research, European Commission

France Jacques DEMOTES-MAINARD Ministry of Higher Education and Research

Germany Christiane BUCHHOLZ Federal Ministry of Education and Research (acting Board member from July 2014) Frank LAPLACE Federal Ministry of Education and Research (until July 2014) Ingrid OHLERT German Research Council

— 12 — India Satyajit RATH National Institute of Immunology Krishnaswamy VIJAYRAGHAVAN Ministry of Science and Technology

Italy Piergiorgio STRATA National Institute of Neuroscience Glauco TOCCHINI-VALENTINI National Research Council

Japan Nobutaka HIROKAWA University of Tokyo Yasushi MIYASHITA University of Tokyo

Republic of Korea Jae-Hong LEE Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning Yoo-Hun SUH Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu

New Zealand Graeme FRASER Health Research Council of New Zealand

Norway Rein AASLAND University of Bergen

Singapore Barry HALLIWELL National University of Singapore Wangin HONG, A*STAR

Switzerland Isabella BERETTA State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Pierre MAGISTRETTI EPFL and Lausanne University

United Kingdom Mark PALMER Medical Research Council Melanie WELHAM Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

United States of America Sally ROCKEY National Institutes of Health Jane SILVERTHORNE National Science Foundation (from March 2015) John WINGFIELD National Science Foundation (until September 2014)

— 13 — European Union Tamás FREUND Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

France Philip AVNER EMBL Monterotondo, Italy

Germany Council of Scientists Hermann GAUB Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich

India Apurva SARIN National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore

Italy Salvatore OLIVIERO Human Genetics Foundation, Turin

Japan Shin’ichi ISHIWATA Waseda University, Tokyo

Republic of Korea Yunje CHO Pohang University of Science and Technology Salvatore Oliviero, Chair of the Council of Scientists New Zealand Allan HERBISON Otago University, Dunedin

Chair Norway Salvatore OLIVIERO Nils-Christian STENSETH Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, Italy University of Oslo

Vice-chairs Singapore Paul DE KONINCK Daniela RHODES Laval University, Quebec, Canada Nanyang Technological University Apurva SARIN National Centre for Biological Sciences, Switzerland Bangalore, India Adriano AGUZZI University Hospital of Zurich Australia Emma WHITELAW United Kingdom La Trobe University, Melbourne Sarah TEICHMANN EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute & Canada Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge Paul DE KONINCK Laval University, Quebec United States of America Michael PURUGGANAN Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University

— 14 — Secretariat

Left to right : Hideki Mizuma, Jill Husser and Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Executive Office Administration and Finance Ernst-Ludwig WINNACKER (Germany) Isabelle HEIDT-COQUARD (France) Secretary General Director Hideki MIZUMA (Japan) Sarah NAETT CAZAU (New Zealand) Deputy Secretary General Assistant Jill HUSSER (UK) Jennifer SAYOL (France) Assistant Assistant

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Scientific Affairs and Communications IT Systems Guntram BAUER (Germany) Xavier SCHNEIDER (France) Director Manager Rosalyn HUIE (UK) Assistant \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Administrative Officer \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Takashi ARAI (Japan) Research Grants Geoffrey RICHARDS (UK) Director Carole ASNAGHI (France) Assistant Armelle KOUKOUI (Benin) Assistant

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Fellowships Carmen GERVAIS (Canada) Director Marie-Claude PERDIGUES (France) Assistant Carine SCHMITT (France) Assistant

Members of the Secretariat

— 15 — — 16 — Chapter

Fellowship Program

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships 1.3 Fellowship Awards in 2015 1.4 The 2015 Review Committee for Fellowships 1.5 Career Development Awards 1.6 Career Development Awards in 2015 1.7 The 2015 Review Committee for Career Development Awards

Left to right : Carine Schmitt, Marie-Claude Perdigues and Carmen Gervais

— 17 — .1 .2 INTRODUCTION LONG-TERM AND CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FELLOWSHIPS

New disciplinary approaches have radically changed There are two types of fellowship : Long-Term (LTF) life science research in recent years. HFSPO is at the and Cross-Disciplinary (CDF). The value of the leading edge of this movement, encouraging early fellowships is identical. career scientists to diversify their expertise and work • LTF applicants hold a Ph.D in a biological in a new research area. discipline • CDF applicants hold a Ph.D outside the life The postdoctoral fellowship program prioritises sciences (e.g. physics, chemistry, mathematics, support to applicants who capitalise on the engineering, computer sciences, etc.) opportunity provided by HFSPO to broaden their expertise, pursue an exciting, novel research project LTFs support applicants with innovative research with someone they’ve never worked with before and projects, prioritising those who propose a significant work in one of the world’s best laboratories. In doing change in research direction. CDFs support applicants this, support is focused on scientists who show the who demonstrate the innovation potential of greatest potential for becoming frontier researchers. combining their previous disciplinary knowledge with the expertise of the host laboratory to address The goal of the fellowship program is to fund a biological question. Fig. 1-1 shows the number of research in the life sciences using quantitative and applicants and awardees, as well as the competition system-level approaches to respond to the increasing success rates since 2006. complexity of biological questions. This is expected to provide the scientific methodology needed to advance the understanding of fundamental mechanisms.

Career development is integral to the fellowship program, not only by enabling international research training, but also by providing a degree of scientific independence to award holders. Fellows manage Fig. 1-1 : an annual research and travel allowance. They can Fellowship applications, awards and success rates take all or part of their final year of support to either 2006-2015 repatriate or move to another HFSPO member country, which removes one of the challenges in finding an independent research position. This challenge is further mitigated with the HFSP Career Development Award, a program open only to HFSP fellows and which provides support to set up their first independent laboratory.

The combination of autonomy, flexibility and the potential for lab start-up support is exemplary in enabling career development at a critical stage. HFSP fellows emerge as well-trained, well-connected scientists doing truly frontier research.

— 18 — CDFs account for about 8 % of fellowship applications The LTF and CDF programs are designed to enable (Table 1-1). international postdoctoral research opportunities and to support work with new collaborators. To be eligible The diversity of disciplines of applicants to both fellowship applicants must be within three years of fellowship programs – which focus on research receiving their Ph.D at the time of application and in basic biology – is a strong indicator that HFSP’s have at least one first author publication. In addition, objective to provide a bridge across disciplinary they must have worked in the host institution for no boundaries is indeed being fulfilled. more than 12 months by the proposed start date of their fellowship.

The third year of funding can be deferred for up to two years, provided that the fellow is supported through other sources, allowing the fellow to extend Table 1-1 : their stay in the host laboratory if needed. Number of applications and awards offered in competition years 2006-2015 (numbers for award year The fellowship provides an annual living allowance as 2015 are subject to change). well as a research and travel allowance. Fellows with Long-Term Fellowships children qualify for a child allowance and fellows who have a child during the fellowship can take up to 3 months of paid parental leave. A moving allowance Number of Success Female Award year is provided for the fellow, their spouse and children, applications awards rate (%) awardees (%) both to the host country at the start of the fellowship 2006 629 83 13 35 and back to their home country (or any other MSP 2007 614 95 15 34 country) at the end of the fellowship. 2008 580 89 15 36 2009 633 109 17 36 A list of researchers who activated their award in 2010 592 75 13 43 FY 2014 can be found in Appendix 4. 2011 699 76 11 26 2012 680 80 12 24 2013 695 75 11 39 2014 672 77 11 31 2015 724 66 9 27 TOTAL 6518 825 127 331

Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships

Number of Success Female Award year applications awards rate (%) awardees (%) 2006 55 10 18 20 2007 54 5 9 0 2008 56 11 20 9 2009 39 10 26 20 2010 55 11 20 9 2011 63 9 14 22 2012 67 5 7 0 2013 55 8 15 50 2014 75 11 15 18 2015 64 9 14 0 TOTAL 583 89 158 148

— 19 — .3 FELLOWSHIP AWARDS IN 2015

Fig 1-2 : Proposed host country of Long-Term and Cross- Disciplinary Fellowship applicants and awardees in FY 2015 (distribution of awards is subject to change).

APPLICATIONS

The call for applications is announced annually through the HFSP web site. The deadline for the submission of fellowship applications was 28 August 2014.

All applications were screened by the Secretariat for compliance with formal criteria and with the scientific scope of the Program.

Applications were assigned to two members of the Review Committee for evaluation; approximately 60-70 applications per member. Applications were triaged based on ratings submitted in advance of the committee meeting, and the top 20 % of applications were discussed during the meeting on 19-21 January 2015. AWARDS The Review Committee ranked the applications and made recommendations on the most meritorious applications that could be supported within expected budgetary constraints. They also established a reserve list of applications in case any awards were declined or new funding became available.

At its meeting in March 2015, the Board approved 75 awards for the coming fiscal year with a reserve list of 27 fellowships should anyone decline the award or extra funds become available.

Figure 1-2 shows the distribution of the 2015 applicants and awardees according to proposed host country. The nationalities of the 2015 applicants and awardees are shown in Table 1-2.

— 20 — Table 1-2 : Nationality of Long-Term (LTF) and Cross-Disciplinary (CDF) applicants and awardees for FY 2015 (distribution of the awardees’ nationality is subject to change)

NATIONALITY Total applicants Total awardees LTF applicants LTF awardees CDF applicants CDF awardees Australia 6 0 6 0 0 0 Canada 35 3 32 3 3 0 EU 161 10 151 (a) 8 (a’) 10 (c) 2 (c’) France 79 4 74 3 5 1 Germany 55 8 52 8 3 0 India 94 2 84 2 10 0 Italy 32 5 28 3 4 2 Japan 48 5 46 5 2 0 Korea 4 0 4 0 0 0 New Zealand 1 0 0 0 1 0 Norway 0 0 0 0 0 0 Singapore 2 0 2 0 0 0 Switzerland 7 2 7 2 0 0 UK 20 2 15 0 5 2 USA 33 6 31 6 2 0 Other 211 28 192 (b) 26 (b’) 19 (d) 2 (d’) TOTAL 788 75 724 66 64 9

LTF applicants : LTF awardees :

(a) EU : (a’) EU : Austria 10, Belgium 8, Bulgaria 2, Croatia 3, Czech Bulgaria 2, Finland 1, Greece 1, Lithuania 1, Spain 3 Republic 2, Finland 4, Greece 4, Hungary 5, Ireland 2, Lithuania 2, The Netherlands 12, Poland 10, Portugal 9, (b’) Other : Slovakia 4, Slovenia 2, Spain 63, Sweden 9 Argentina 1, China 7, Indonesia 1, Israel 7, Russia 1, Taiwan 1, Turkey 2, Uruguay 1, dual nationalities 5 (b) Other : (Canada/Greece 1, Canada/UK 1, Germany/Hungary 1, Argentina 9, Armenia 2, Belarus 2, Brazil 7, Chile 7, Germany/Israel 1, Israel/Jordan 1) China 34, Colombia 2, Egypt 1, Ghana 1, Indonesia 3, Iran 6, Israel 28, Jordan 1, Malawi 1, Malaysia 2, Mexico 6, Pakistan 1, Philippines 1, Puerto Rico 1, Russia 7, Serbia 2, CDF awardees : South Africa 2, Sudan 1, Taiwan 7, Turkey 4, Uganda 1, Ukraine 1, Uruguay 2, Venezuela 2, Vietnam 1, (c’) EU : dual nationalities 47 The Netherlands 1, Spain 1

(d’) Other : CDF applicants : Israel 1, dual nationality 1 (Germany/Israel)

(c) EU : Belgium 1, Ireland 1, The Netherlands 2, Poland 1, Slovakia 1, Spain 4

(d) Other : Argentina 2, Bangladesh 1, China 1, Egypt 1, Iran 2, Israel 4, Mexico 1, Pakistan 2, Russia 1, Taiwan 1, dual nationalities 3

— 21 — France Martin BLACKLEDGE Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble

Germany Wolfgang HUBER EMBL, Heidelberg .4 Karsten KRUSE Saarland University, Saarbrucken THE 2015 India Vidita VAIDYA FELLOWSHIP Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai

REVIEW COMMITTEE Italy Gioacchino NATOLI European Institute of Oncology, Milan

Japan Yoshie HARADA Kyoto University

New Zealand Cliff ABRAHAM University of Otago, Dunedin

Norway John Michael KOOMEY University of Oslo

Republic of Korea Hyunsook LEE Vidita Vaidya, Seoul National University Chair of the Fellowship Review Committee Singapore Peter DRÖGE Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

Switzerland Chair Niko GELDNER Vidita VAIDYA University of Lausanne Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India United Kingdom Vice-Chair Yvonne JONES Peter KOOPMAN University of Oxford The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Claudio STERN University College London Australia Peter KOOPMAN United States of America The University of Queensland, Brisbane Anjon AUDHYA University of Wisconsin-Madison Canada Nicholas HATSOPOULOS David DANKORT University of Chicago McGill University, Montreal Yingxi LIN Jennifer GOMMERMAN MIT, Cambridge University of Toronto Piali SENGUPTA Richard ROY Brandeis University, Waltham McGill University, Montreal Other European Union Ye-Guang CHEN Nick BARTON Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria Delegate from the Council of Scientists Martijn HUYNEN Nils Christian STENSETH Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands University of Oslo, Norway — 22 — The CDA program was launched in 2003. Since then 648 applications have been submitted, proposing to hold the award in 32 different countries. There have been 202 award recipients. Table 1-3 shows the number of applicants, awardees and the success rates .5 over the past 10 years. CAREER A list of researchers who activated their CDA in DEVELOPMENT FY 2014 is found in Appendix 5. AWARDS

Table 1-3 : Career Development Award applications and awards in competition years 2006-2015 (numbers for award year 2015 are subject to change)

Number of Female Award Success awardees year rate (%) The Career Development Award (CDA) program applications awards (%) strengthens the global network of frontier-style 2006 51 29 57 21 researchers. It is an excellent complement to the 2007 48 24 50 25 postdoctoral fellowship program which provides 2008 57 20 35 25 researchers with the opportunity to work in top 2009 49 24 49 8 laboratories around the world. The CDA supports 2010 47 16 34 13 the best and brightest as they establish their first 2011 40 9 23 11 independent laboratory either in their home country 2012 55 8 15 25 or any other HFSPO member country. 2013 66 8 12 13 2014 62 13 19 31 Entry of new researchers into the ranks of independent scientists is essential to the health and 2015 63 8 13 25 development of every country’s research enterprise. TOTAL 538 159 30 19 Early career researchers are technologically savvy and are open to novel scientific approaches.

The transition from a mentored position into a principal investigator role is one of the most challenging career stages. This is a time characterised by scarce resources and with significant pressure to be productive and demonstrate impact.

The CDA mitigates this challenge by providing 300,000 USD of support over three years to current or former HFSP fellows who are either in the process of obtaining, or already hold, their first independent research position. The funds are very flexible and can be used to cover many different costs of research and the salaries of team members (students, postdocs, etc.).

— 23 — A call for applications is sent to all current and former fellows who are eligible to apply for a CDA. Fellows from award years 2007-2012 were eligible to apply. The deadline for applications was 4 November 2014. Sixty five eligible applications were received and two candidates withdrew from the competition leaving 63 applications for review.

.6 Each application was assigned to two members of CAREER the review committee for evaluation, approximately 12-15 applications per member. Mail reviews were solicited from experts. Between 2-8 evaluations were DEVELOPMENT secured, per application.

AWARDS IN 2015 Applications were triaged based on ratings submitted in advance of the committee meeting, and approximately 35 % of the applications were discussed during the meeting on 13 February 2015.

The Review Committee ranked the applications according to excellence and fit with the HFSP vision of supporting frontier research, and recommended 8 applications for funding along with a reserve list of 4 applications should any awards be declined or new funding become available.

At its meeting in March 2015, the HFSPO Board approved 8 CDAs for the coming fiscal year, with a reserve list of 4 CDAs should funds become available. Figure 1-3 shows the host country of the awardees in the 2015 competition and Figure 1-4 shows aggregate data from the last ten years.

Fig. 1-3 : Fig. 1-4 : Host country for Career Development Awards in the Host countries for Career Development Awards from 2015 competition 2006-2015

— 24 — .7 THE 2015 CDA REVIEW COMMITTEE

Daniel Kiehart, Chair of the Career Development Award Review Committee

Japan Ko SAKAI Chair University of Tsukuba Daniel KIEHART Duke University, Durham, USA United Kingdom Iain HAGAN Vice-chair University of Manchester Frederick MACKINTOSH Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Switzerland Susan GASSER Canada Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Emil PAI Basel University of Toronto United States of America European Union Daniel KIEHART Frederick MACKINTOSH Duke University, Durham Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Marja TIMMERMANS Ola HERMANSON Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Delegate from the Council of Scientists India Hermann GAUB Vineeta BAL Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi Germany (absent) — 25 — — 26 — Chapter

Research Grant Program

2.1 Overview of the Grant Program 2.2 Young Investigator Grants 2.3 Program Grants 2.4 Research Grant Awards in 2015 2.5 The 2015 Review Committee for Research Grants

Left to right : Geoffrey Richards, Armelle Koukoui and Carole Asnaghi

— 27 — .1 OVERVIEW OF THE GRANT PROGRAM

Research Grants finance innovative collaborative chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer science projects of fundamental biological research for and engineering). Applicants are expected to develop a period of three years. These are awarded to new lines of research rather than to continue their international, and preferably intercontinental, teams ongoing program. So as to encourage novel ideas and of two to four scientists having their laboratories innovative approaches, preliminary results are not in different countries. In recent years almost all of required. The Principal Applicant’s laboratory must the awards have gone to intercontinental teams. be located in one of the member countries while the Successful five member teams are rare as the other team members may be situated anywhere in majority of such teams have a weak link or show a the world. redundancy in expertise so that the overall research plan is not convincing. Priority is given to teams who propose novel combinations of expertise to There are two categories of grant: Young Investigator approach problems in the life sciences that could Grants for groups of young scientists establishing not be answered by the individual laboratories. their research groups, and Program Grants for Currently most emphasis is placed on the innovative scientists at any stage of their careers. The nature of the collaboration and particular attention applications are processed in parallel but the grant is given to collaborations that bring together review committee in January examines and ranks scientists from different disciplines (e.g. biology, each category separately.

— 28 — Where are the frontiers? The concept of novelty is related to the development of certain fields or techniques. Frontier science is The biggest challenge for the review committee is often the first appearance of a novel technology to identify novel frontier research applications often (microscopy, protein labelling, transgenic models, incorporating expertise from both the biological computational programs etc.) which may become and physical sciences. For this the committee must widely available within two or three years of its first include members familiar with chemistry, physics, appearance in the HFSP competition and will start mathematics and engineering in addition to the to appear as a tool in a large number of applications more traditional biological sciences. A major change which we see as a ‘second wave’. A recent example in the grant program over the last five years is the would be the use of CRISPR technology. Similarly a increasingly quantitative nature of the biology project considered cutting-edge one year, because of being proposed. A decade ago, two members of the a novel combination of expertise, may be considered committee handled almost all things numerical while as routine a couple of years later. In fact, in the in January 2015 there were five biophysicists, two absence of technological breakthroughs, fields can theoretical systems biologists, two computational appear to stagnate for a year or two while teams neuroscientists and a computational structural concentrate on exploiting the last wave of innovation. biologist. Five years ago the ‘quantitative’ projects This may well be high quality science destined for were still largely speculative (the computational major journals, but the committee members must modeler was most often an ‘add-on’ to a team of have sufficient stature so as to decide whether an biologists) whereas many systems projects today approach has become standard or is truly innovative. are considered ‘routine’. Indeed one complaint of the 2015 committee was the lack of equations in the applications. Face to face collaborations

Many successful teams organise regular meetings The range of applications is such that the committee to discuss problems face to face, or visit each others’ may lack the expertise necessary to assess the laboratories for a few weeks so as to understand the contribution of some of the team members. In these scope of their partners’ contributions. The flexibility cases we solicit opinions from mail reviewers working in the use of HFSPO funds allows the reactivity that in departments that may be unfamiliar with the is essential for such collaborations – notably for travel Program. Fortunately, not only do we observe the and team meetings when critical decision points are same willingness to help in the review process from reached. Scientists are learning the interest of making such experts as those in more traditional biological such collaborations reality (rather than continuing departments, but we also often receive spontaneous their ongoing projects in parallel) and the review remarks confirming the originality and interest of committee gives considerable importance to the the project. However these same specialist reviewers details of interactions between the team members sometimes point out that the ‘innovative’ approach envisaged in the full application. With the expansion is routine in their discipline and that furthermore the of HFSPO membership in recent years we are seeing applicants’ grasp of the approach is superficial. changes in the profiles of collaborations.

— 29 — .2 .3 YOUNG INVESTIGATOR PROGRAM GRANTS GRANTS

The Young Investigator Grant scheme was introduced These are awarded to teams of independent in the 2001 award year to encourage collaboration researchers at any stage of their careers. The between young scientists who are within five years research team is expected to develop new lines of of obtaining their first independent positions. Young research through the collaboration. Applications Investigator Grant teams receive 250 thousand USD including independent investigators early in their per year for two members, 350 thousand USD for careers are encouraged. Funding is based on team three members, and 450 thousand USD for four or size and is the same as for the Young Investigators more. Local collaborations in the same country are including the rules concerning team members from permitted but teams only receive funds equivalent to the same country. The quality of applications in this 1.5 team members and then only if the collaboration competition has been boosted by the arrival of a is truly interdisciplinary. This measure aims to cohort of younger investigators who have acquired facilitate the formation of teams involving scientists expertise in several areas of research during their with different expertise since it is often difficult for doctoral and post-doctoral training. As many of scientists, especially younger investigators, to find these have now established their laboratories more appropriate partners internationally. In the 2015 than five years ago they are no longer eligible for the award year, applications from Young Investigators Young Investigator competition. represented about 17.7 % of the letters of intent received. As a group they were slightly more successful than the applications to the Program Grants (Table 2-1).

— 30 — .4 RESEARCH GRANT AWARDS IN 2015

Awardees for FY 2015 were selected among the applications received in reply to the call published in the journals Science and Nature, on the HFSP web site and the web sites or newsletters of relevant scientific societies. A two-step review process was used. Guidelines and application forms for both the letter of intent (the first step) and for full applications (the second step) were provided on the web, and the submission and review of applications were entirely electronic. The deadline for letters of intent was 27 March 2014. Interest in the 2015 cycle was higher than in the 2014 cycle (Fig. 2-1) and a record number of letters of intent was received.

— 31 — The 1013 letters of intent were initially screened for Invitations were sent out immediately after the formal eligibility. This included 5 renewal applications Selection Committee meeting with the deadline from Young Investigator teams (a trial initiative for submission of full applications as 11 September authorised by the Board of Trustees in December 2014. All but one of the invited teams submitted 2009). Only a few letters of intent were rejected full applications which were reviewed. Each full on the grounds of eligibility. Since 2005, triage has application was evaluated by mail (external) been introduced; a small scientific committee reviewers who submitted a written report and including the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Review by two members of the Review Committee for Committee screened the letters of intent and those Research Grants. Scientific merit, innovation and that did not meet the scientific aims of the program, novel combinations of expertise were the most 124 applications in all, did not enter the full review important criteria in the evaluation of the projects. process. The Principal Applicant was informed as Internationality, and especially intercontinentality, soon as possible so that the team might apply for and the participation of researchers early in their funding elsewhere. During the assignment of the careers also ranked highly, not only in the case remaining applications to Committee members, of Young Investigator but also in Program Grant it was apparent that despite the large number of applications. The Young Investigators’ applications projects submitted, the proportion of innovative were reviewed separately in the same manner as projects remained low. Each remaining letter of Program Grants. The Review Committee met on intent was evaluated by two Review Committee 26-28 January 2015 in Strasbourg to discuss the 81 members, who confirmed the initial impression in full applications and recommended 33 for awards, their remote reviews. Indeed the number of top- 10 Young Investigator and 23 Program Grants. The scoring projects (296 new applications and the selection of awards was monitored by Council 5 Young Investigator renewal applications) examined members and financial considerations (budgetary by a Selection Committee, consisting of previous restrictions) were taken into account by the Board and past members of the Review Committees, was before the recommendations for 31 awards were essentially the same as in the previous cycle when approved (leaving 2 of the Program Grants on a some 170 fewer letters of intent were received. reserve list should funds be available). Both awardees The Selection Committee met on 23-25 June to and unsuccessful applicants received feedback from discuss some 30 % of the original submissions and, the committee in the form of a short summary. following these discussions, 82 applicants were invited to submit a full application including 2 Young Fig. 2-1 shows the number of applications and awards Investigator renewal applications. This was in fact between award years 2005 and 2015. The numbers of 10 fewer full applications than in the previous cycle. applications and awards using the two step procedure Teams that were not asked to submit full applications from 2002 onwards are shown in Table 2-2. were given brief feedback concerning the selection procedure, the evaluation criteria and the general classification of their application.

Fig. 2-1 : Research Grant applications and awards

— 32 — Table 2-1 : Awards - Summary table

Young Program Grants Total Investigators Number of letters of intent 834 179 1013* Number of full applications 61 21 82** Number of awards 21 10 31 % of awarded grants, based on letters of intent 2.5 5.6 3.1 % of awarded grants, based on full applications 34.4 50.0 38.3 *2 ineligible, **1 invited but not submitted (YI)

Table 2-2 : Research Grant applications and awards each year since 2002 (two step procedure)

Full applications Awards Total cost in their Award year Letters of intent Success rate* (%) submitted PG YI 1st year (USD million) 2002 548 72 26 11 51.4 12.35 2003 549 80 22 9 39.0 10.85 2004 733 67 27 6 49.2 11.75 2005 719 86 27 7 39.5 12.75 2006 749 80 20 12 40.0 11.05 2007 756 80 25 10 44.3 12.70 2008 774 88 18 14 36.8 10.65 2009 600 88 26 9 39.8 12.10 2010 675 84 25 9 40.5 11.25 2011 674 88 22 11 37.5 11.40 2012 799 95 25 9 35.8 12.20 2013 715 91 23 10 36.2 11.70 2014 844 90 24 10 37.8 11.80 2015 1013 81 21 10 38.3 11.00 TOTAL 997** In 2012 an additional award was made in September (after the publication of FY2011 report). * based on full applications ** Grand total of awards (1990-2015)

Table 2-3 and Table 2-4 present an analysis of gender distribution in award year 2015.

Table 2-3 and 2-4 : Gender distribution in award year 2015

Letter of Intent Invited Program Young Program Young Female No. scientists 589 125 38 8 % 22.4 % 26.6 % 18.8 % 15.4 % Male No. scientists 2039 344 164** 44 % 77.6 % 73.2 % 81.2 % 84.6 % TOTAL No. scientists 2629* 470* 202 52 *information refused (1PG, 1YI) **1 member added at the full application submission

The distribution of female scientists in awarded applications is the following :

Total Female % Female (2014) Female PI (2014) Program 75 12 16.0 14.1 5 3 Young 23 3 13.0 28.6 1 3 TOTAL 98 15 15.3 17.9 6 6

— 33 — Distribution of awards per country

(Figs. 2-2, 2-3, Table 2-5) Fig 2-2 shows the distribution The largest number of applications came from of Principal Investigators for the 2015 awards among Principal Investigators in the USA and nearly one various countries and Fig. 2-3 shows the total number third of successful applicants (all team members) of scientists in different countries participating in the were working in the USA. international teams.

Fig. 2-2 : Countries in which Principal Investigators are working

299

197

124

96

72 58 41 36 28 26 21 17 17 10 13 10 55 558 7 5 2200114 3 0022110000002 0

Singapore was not a MSP at the time of the LI application

EU Letter of Intent EU Awarded PG : Austria 1, Belgium 8, Cyprus (EU) 2, PG : The Netherlands 2, Sweden 1 Czech Republic 3, Denmark 8, Estonia 1, Finland 7, YI : Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1 Greece 5, Hungary 2, Ireland 1, Luxembourg 1, The Netherlands 39, Poland 1, Portugal 21, Other : CDA awardees not in a MSP Romania 2, Slovakia 1, Slovenia 1, Spain 46, Letter of Intent : Israel 2 (PG) Sweden 19 YI : Austria 2, Croatia 1, Czech Republic 3, Denmark 2, Movements of PIs after submission of the letter of Greece 1, Ireland 2, The Netherlands 1, Portugal 1, intent are not considered in these data. Slovakia 2, Spain 8, Sweden 5

EU Invited PG : Hungary 1, The Netherlands 5, Portugal 2, Spain 3, Sweden 3 YI : Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1, Slovakia 1

— 34 — Fig. 2-3 : Countries in which awardees are working

Singapore was not a MSP at the time of the LI application

Principal Investigators Co-Investigators EU : Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1, The Netherlands 2, EU : Belgium 1, The Netherlands 2, Poland 1, Spain 1 Sweden 1 Other : Brazil 1, China 2, Israel 7, Taiwan 2

— 35 — Table 2-5 : Number of applicants and awardees listed by country of institution

Letter of Intent Invited Awarded PG=Program Grants PG YI TOTAL PG YI TOTAL PG YI TOTAL YI=Young Investigators Australia 79 22 101 6 1 7 2 0 2 Canada 92 14 106 6 3 9 2 2 4 EU 436 (a) 62 (a) 498 (a) 32 (b) 8 (b) 40 (b) 7 (c) 3 (c) 10 (c) France 161 22 183 11 5 16 6 1 7 Germany 189 37 226 18 3 21 11 3 14 India 28 7 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 Italy 196 34 230 3 1 4 1 0 1 Japan 163 22 185 13 3 16 4 1 5 Korea 15 7 22 1 1 2 0 1 1 New Zealand 20 1 21 1 1 2 1 0 1 Norway 12 3 15 1 0 1 1 0 1 Singapore* 19 5 24 2 0 2 1 0 1 Switzerland 55 7 62 8 0 8 1 0 1 UK 248 43 291 22 6 28 10 2 12 USA 721 139 860 62 14 76 19 7 26 Non MSPs 195 (a’) 45 (a’) 240 (a’) 15 (b’) 6 (b’) 21 (b’) 9 (c’) 3 (c’) 12 (c’) TOTAL 2629 470 3099 201 52 253 75 23 98

*Singapore was not a MSP at the time of the LI application

(a) EU Letter of Intent (a’) Non MSPs Letter of Intent PG : Austria 13, Belgium 26, Cyprus 4, Czech Republic 8, PG : Argentina 8, Bolivia 1, Brazil 14, Burkina Faso 2, Denmark 26, Estonia 1, Finland 16, Greece 12, Chile 7, China 32, Colombia 2, Gabon 1, Ghana 1, Hungary 9, Ireland 6, Lithuania 1, Luxembourg 1, Indonesia 1, Israel 79, Madagascar 1, Malaysia 1, The Netherlands 96, Poland 7, Portugal 34, Mexico 11, The Netherlands Curaçao 1, Paraguay 1, Romania 4, Slovakia 4, Slovenia 4, Spain 120, Peru 1, Puerto Rico 1, Russia 3, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 44 South Africa 4, Taiwan 13, Thailand 4, Turkey 2, YI : Austria 5, Belgium 1, Croatia 4, Czech Republic 4, Uruguay 2, Vietnam 1 Denmark 4, Finland 1, Greece 2, Hungary 2, YI : Argentina 2, Brazil 4, Chile 2, China 7, Colombia 3, Ireland 2, The Netherlands 6, Poland 1, Portugal 4, Iceland 1, Israel 13, Kenya 1, Mexico 1, Nigeria 2, Romania 1, Slovakia 2, Slovenia 1, Spain 11, Peru 1, South Africa 1, Taiwan 1, Thailand 2, Sweden 11 Turkey 1, United Arab Emirates 1, Vietnam 2

(b) EU Invited (b’) Non MSPs Invited PG : Austria 1, Belgium 1, Denmark 2, Hungary 1, PG : Brazil 1, China 1, Israel 10, Taiwan 2, Thailand 1 The Netherlands 12, Poland 1, Portugal 2, Spain 9, YI : Argentina 1, China 1, Israel 4 Sweden 3 YI : Croatia 2, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1, Finland 1, (c’) Non MSPs Awarded The Netherlands 1, Slovakia 1, Sweden 1 PG : Brazil 1, China 1, Israel 5, Taiwan 2 YI : China 1, Israel 2 (c) EU Awarded PG : Belgium 1, The Netherlands 3, Poland 1, Spain 1, Movements of team members after submission of the Sweden 1 letter of intent are not considered in these data. YI : Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1, The Netherlands 1

— 36 — .5 THE 2015 REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR

RESEARCH GRANTS Wendy Suzuki Chair of the Research Grant Review Committee

Chair Wendy SUZUKI Italy New York University, United States of America Antonella DE MATTEIS Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples Vice-Chair Leonardo CHELAZZI, University of Verona Nancy FORDE Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada Japan Yasunori HAYASHI, RIKEN, Wako Australia Masataka KINJO, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Merlin CROSSLEY University of New South Wales, Victoria Republic of Korea Sung Hee BAEK, Seoul National University Canada Nancy FORDE New Zealand Simon Fraser University, Burnaby Vickery ARCUS, University of Waikato

European Union Norway Jorge GONCALVES Gareth GRIFFITHS, University of Oslo University of Luxembourg, Esch /Alzette Pieter MEDENDORP Singapore Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands Ray DUNN Barbara C. NAWROT A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland Switzerland France Christian FANKHAUSER, University of Lausanne Hidde DE JONG, INRIA, Saint-Ismier Sophie ZINN-JUSTIN United Kingdom Institute of Biology and Technology Saclay, David STRUTT, University of Sheffield Gif-sur-Yvette United States of America Germany Ivet BAHAR, University of Pittsburgh Christoph SCHMIDT Boris SHRAIMAN Georg-August-University, Goettingen University of California, Santa Barbara Ulrich SCHWARZ, University of Heidelberg Wendy SUZUKI, New York University Fred WOLF, Max Planck Institute, Goettingen Delegate from the Council of Scientists India Apurva SARIN Anna GEORGE National Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Immunology, New Dehli Bangalore, India — 37 — — 38 — Chapter

Program Highlights

3.1 HFSP Nakasone Award 3.2 Annual Awardees Meeting 3.3 25th anniversary celebrations 3.4 Further milestones in communication and outreach activities 3.5 Honours and prizes

Left to right : Guntram Bauer, Rosalyn Huie (Communications) and Xavier Schneider (IT manager and webmaster)

— 39 — .1 HFSP NAKASONE AWARD

James Collins of Boston University, USA

The 2015 HFSP Nakasone Award to James Collins of Boston University The idea of establishing the prestigious HFSP James Collins received the 2015 HFSP Nakasone Nakasone Award was proposed in July 2009 when Award for his innovative work on synthetic gene HFSPO held its 20th anniversary celebrations in Tokyo networks and programmable cells that launched in the presence of former Prime Minister Nakasone. the exciting field of synthetic biology. He was one The award honours the vision of former Prime of the first to show that one can engineer biological Minister Nakasone for his efforts to launch a program circuits out of proteins, genes and other bits of DNA. of support for international collaboration and to He designed and constructed a genetic toggle switch - foster early career scientists in a global context. a bistable gene circuit with broad implications for biomedicine and biotechnology. Building on this The HFSP Nakasone Award recognizes scientists who breakthrough, Collins showed that synthetic gene have undertaken frontier-moving research in biology, networks can be used as regulatory modules and whether these be conceptual, experimental or interfaced with the cell’s genetic circuitry to create technological breakthroughs. Both senior and junior programmable cells for biomedical and biotech scientists are eligible and peer-recognised excellence applications. Indeed, Collins has developed whole- is the major criterion for selection. Awardees receive cell biosensors to detect various stimuli (chemicals, an unrestricted research grant of 10,000 USD, a medal pathogens, heavy metals, explosives), as well as and certificate. The award ceremony is held at the synthetic probiotics to detect and treat infections annual HFSP Awardees Meeting where the awardee (e.g., cholera). He has also designed and constructed delivers the HFSP Nakasone Lecture. The prize RNA switches, genetic counters, programmable is open to all scientists, not only those who have microbial kill switches, synthetic bacteriophages to received funding from HFSP programs. combat bacterial infections, genetic switchboards for metabolic engineering, synthetic mRNA for stem cell reprogramming, and tunable mammalian genetic switches. Collins’ breakthrough in synthetic biology is revolutionising the biosciences and expanding our ability to study and harness complex mechanisms of living organisms.

HFSPO President, Nobutaka Hirokawa, watches as Uri Alon, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, receives the 2014 HFSP Nakasone Award from Hirofumi Nakasone, Member of the House of Councillors of the National Diet of Japan — 40 — .2 ANNUAL AWARDEES MEETING

14th Awardees Meeting, Lugano, Switzerland

Fourteenth HFSP Awardees Meeting, Lugano, Switzerland, 6-9 July 2014 HFSP Awardees Meetings have become important The Awardees Meeting took place at the Università events in the HFSP calendar. Their aim is to bring della Svizzera Italiana. Some 227 participants together Grant, Fellowship and Career Development including HFSP Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Award holders from all over the world and from Fellows, Young Investigator and Program Grant different scientific disciplines in order to present holders, Career Development Awardees and and discuss their work. These interactions have local HFSP alumni attended. At this meeting, become a source of inspiration for awardees and have we introduced ‘poster teaser’ talks, short talks led to new collaborations. The meetings have thus of five minutes which took place just before the become an integral element in strengthening the poster session and were much appreciated by the HFSP community, creating an international network meeting participants. In addition, there were 27 oral of scientists at all stages of their careers and on all presentations and 99 poster presentations. An fronts of the biological frontiers. enjoyable social programme, organised by Amiconi Consulting in Lugano, enabled delegates to catch The 2014 Awardees Meeting was the first to be held in up with old friends and to make new contacts. Switzerland and took place in Lugano in connection Plenary lectures were presented by Beverly Glover, with the celebrations of the 25th Anniversary of University of Cambridge, Botanical Gardens, UK HFSPO. Both meetings were attended by some (“ A trick of the light ? Plant nanostructures that 260 participants. influence animal behaviour ”), Angela Gronenborn, University of Pittsburgh, USA (“ The art of border crossings : reflections on scientific practice and the need for integrative Multidisciplinarity ”), and James Spudich, Stanford University, USA (“ The myosin family of molecular motors : nature’s exquisite nanomachines ”).

— 41 — .3 25TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS

Panel discussion on “ Human Frontiers ” with Claude Nicollier, Lugano, 5 July 2014 Susan Hockfield, Torsten Wiesel and moderator, Adam Smith On the occasion of the annual Awardees Meeting in The second part of the symposium was introduced Lugano, HFSP held a special symposium on “ Human by moderator Adam Smith, Chief Scientific Officer Frontiers ” to commemorate its 25th anniversary. The of Nobel Media, who asked key questions that were purpose of this symposium was to bring together to frame the discussion. How do we identify and experts from other fields to discuss the funding of recognize a frontier when we find one ? Are there frontier research. The symposium was opened by particular ways to structure funding to support Mauro Dell’Ambrogio, Swiss State Secretary for research at the frontiers ? The contributions were Education, Research and Innovation, who emphasized first given in the form of individual talks, starting the need for continued international collaboration to with Claude Nicollier, Swiss Federal Institute of enable countries to pool their expertise and optimize Technology, who talked about space, the last frontier. their prospects for the future. HFSP is the ideal tool His introduction was followed by that of Susan for this purpose. Hockfield, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, President Emerita and Professor of Neuroscience, Hirofumi Nakasone, Member of the House of Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, who Councilors of the National Diet of Japan and son of expressed her concerns about the availability of the HFSP founder, former Prime Minister of Japan, funding for projects that aim to investigate problems Yasuhiro Nakasone, expressed his gratitude to HFSPO beyond known boundaries, particularly when these for having established the Nakasone Award to honor span traditional disciplines and countries. Finally his father’s contribution to international scientific Torsten Wiesel, President Emeritus, The Rockefeller collaboration and was pleased to bestow the 2014 University and former Secretary General of HFSPO, award on Uri Alon from Israel. From the outset, HFSP reminded the audience that HFSP’s mission was to had been perceived as a dynamic program with a support basic research. Internationality needs to be long-term future. In his vision for the future of HFSP, paired with interdisciplinarity to advance knowledge Mr. Nakasone mentioned several “ grand challenges ”, in the life sciences. to be met by means of destructive innovations and the bringing together of young minds. He expected The three speakers agreed that exploration of the HFSP “ …to take the lead by breathing new life into frontiers can only be successful if scientists from different fields and fusing them, by the expansion of different disciplines such as engineering, physics, international and intercontinental collaboration and chemistry and biology join forces. HFSP is therefore by the use of flexible ideas of young researchers. I’m well positioned to remain a key player in the future sure that confronting these challenges is the unique of basic research funding. strength of the Program and that it cannot be done by other international organizations or countries. ” The full program and complete video footage can be found on the HFSP website at Frontiers are found in many different fields, not http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/ only in science. One example is architecture; world- hfsp-25th-anniversary/25th-anniversary-lugano renowned architect Mario Botta gave a lecture about the challenges presented by some of the buildings which he had designed. Architects and their work may sometimes have a special aura but in fact architecture mirrors history and has the potential to be strongly critical of society. Yet architecture also has the responsibility to make our urban environment livable and hence more enjoyable. — 42 — Strasbourg, 28 October 2014 A special event to commemorate the 25th anniversary of HFSP was held on 28 October 2014 in Strasbourg to pay tribute to the host city of the HFSPO Secretariat. For 25 years, the City of Strasbourg and the Region of Alsace have been important partners of the Program.

Lilla Merabet, Vice-President of the Regional Council, welcomed some 50 guests to the Maison de la Région, followed by remarks from HFSPO President Nobutaka Hirokawa and Alain Beretz, President of the University of Strasbourg. Beretz emphasized the eminent role of modern universities as a major thrust for innovation in the dynamic landscape of globalization. However, he reminded the audience that attempts by governments to over-regulate universities are prone to failure. The University of Strasbourg played a vital role in the early days of HFSPO’s operations in Strasbourg and Prof. Beretz thanked the Program for maintaining its rigor in HFSPO Secretariat, 12 quai Saint Jean, Strasbourg supporting frontier research in basic life sciences.

A scientific talk was given by Anne Houdusse, Institut Curie, who spoke about her career built on HFSP support. Early in her research, she benefitted There followed a keynote talk by Jean-Pierre from an HFSP Long-Term Fellowship allowing her to Bourguignon, President of the European Research work in the United States. This support provided her Council (ERC), who reminded the audience that with a unique opportunity to expand her knowledge HFSP was the blueprint for the establishment of the and skills which, on her return to France, would lay ERC which also seeks to support “ Frontier Research ”. the foundation for own independent laboratory. He emphasized that it takes organisations such as Receiving an HFSP Program Grant later on was HFSPO to provide competitive support to advance instrumental in establishing the reputation of her innovation but also to overcome structural barriers research laboratory. that still limit scientific research.

An evening reception was hosted by the City of Strasbourg in the presence of former Minister and Mayor of Strasbourg and currently Vice President of the City of Strasbourg, Catherine Trautmann. The guests were reminded of the spirit of trust which characterises HFSPO : trust in the relationship between funding partners and in the ability of young scientists to accomplish great things.

To mark the 25 years of the Program in Strasbourg, three trams decorated with the HFSP logo have circulated in the city for a period of six months. The HFSP Tram was inaugurated in the presence of Catherine Trautmann and HFSPO Secretary General Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker on the 15 October 2015.

HFSPO is thankful to its local hosts and looks forward to continuing the successful collaboration with Strasbourg and the Region of Alsace.

The full programme of the meeting can be found on the HFSP web site at http://www.hfsp.org/about-us/ The HFSP Tram, Strasbourg, France hfsp-25th-anniversary/25th-anniversary-strasbourg.

— 43 — .4 FURTHER MILESTONES IN COMMUNICATION AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES Registration for 25th anniversary and 14th Awardees meeting, Lugano, Switzerland

The HFSP web site remains one of our primary HFSPO is a voluntary international effort by countries communication tools and awardees are closely and is dependent on the public funds of its members. following new content in a regular fashion. During It is our statutory mandate “ to make the fullest the past 12 months we registered nearly 240.000 site possible utilization of the research results for the visits of which over 30 % were return visitors. It is not benefit of all humankind. ” Therefore HFSP wants to surprising that the section with funding information share the results of its funded projects in the broadest is among the most attractive. The Frontier Science possible way - not just among researchers but also section continues to maintain a high profile, not with other sectors and the general public. To improve least due to our efforts in keeping HFSP’s social access to results originating from HFSPO funded media channels up to date. In 2014 we published research, the HFSPO Board of Trustees approved a one issue of HFSP Matters including a broad range statement on open access publishing at its meeting of topics from Secretariat news to stories about our in March 2014 (the full text of the statement can be awardees. The newsletter is now being sent to almost found at http://www.hfsp.org/funding/open-access- 8000 recipients. policy).

From 30 August to 4 September, HFSP was present in Since September 2014, HFSPO is also one of more the exhibit of the joint EMBO-FEBS meeting in Paris. than 500 institutional signatories of DORA (The San The joining of the two organizations provided for a Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment), large scientific audience in the halls and foyers of the which is a declaration that challenges the role played Palais des Congrès, Paris. by the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) as the main means for evaluating science. DORA has been published in 2012 during the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) with the goal of “ putting science into the assessment of research ” and thereby promoting the assessment of research on its own merits rather than on the basis of the journal in which the research is published.

— 44 — — 45 — Scientific meetings attended

2014

25 March, Israel Science Day 30 April, Lecture at University of Ottawa Institute Rehovot, Israel of Technology Canada 31 March, Lecture at International Symposium “ From Functional Genetics to Systems Biology ” 30 April – 5 May, Seminar for German Journalists BayGene and BioSysNet, Munich, Germany hosted by Robert Bosch Foundation and Leopoldina National Academy of Sciences on 1 April, Gay-Lussac Humboldt Prize-Giving “ Total Immersion into Science ” ceremony Boston, USA Paris, France 1 May, Lecture at University of Toronto 3 April, Max Delbruck Center Career Day Canada Berlin, Germany 5 May, Lecture at McGill University 11 April, Lecture at the Conférence des Doyens et Canada Directeurs des UFR Scientifiques des Universités Françaises (CDUS) 6 May, Lecture at University of Laval Strasbourg, France Canada

24-25 April, Lecture at the scientific symposium 15 May, Celebration of the 40 years of the European hosted by ALLEA and Norwegian Academy of Science Foundation Science and Letters on “ Enabling early career Strasbourg, France researchers – needs for training of a new generation ” 20 May, Lecture at the European Network on Oslo, Norway Research Careers Brussels, Belgium 24 April, Lecture at the University of Ottawa Canada 29 June – 4 July, 64th Lindau Nobel Laureate meeting 25 April, Lecture at the University of Montreal Germany Canada 2-3 July, EMBO/EMBL Anniversary Science and 28 April, Lecture at Queen’s University Policy meeting Canada Heidelberg, Germany

29 April, Lecture at Waterloo University 3 August, Scientific symposium hosted by the Canada Vallee Foundation on “ Protein Homeostasis, metabolism and cancer ” Boston, USA

— 46 — 2015

30 August – 4 September, Booth at FEBS-EMBO 2014 7 – 9 January, Gene Center of the University of Paris, France Munich (LMU) and BioM symposium on “ Academia meets industry-Industry meets academia ” 23 September, Festveranstaltung 10 Jahre Lindau- Ringberg, Germany Programm, Chinesisch-Deutsches Zentrum für Wissenschaftsförderung 11 February, Lecture at Minerva Foundation Beijing, P.R. China symposium “ Celebrating 50 years of German- Israeli diplomatic relations ” 23 – 26 September, Cell Physics 2014 Rehovot, Israel Saarbrücken, Germany 20 February, Lecture at symposium on “ Education, 26 September, Lecture at KWS symposium on prevention and supervision. How to avoid “ Bildung bewegt Politik ” scientific euphemism, misconduct and humbug ”, Brussels, Belgium Department of Medical Ethics and the Research Ethics Network at Lund University 25 – 27 September, Lecture and booth at 52nd Sweden Annual Meeting of Biophysical Society of Japan Sapporo, Japan 23 – 24 February, Lecture at MIT Workshop Genome Editing & Cell Systems 29 September, Lecture at University of Tsukuba Boston, USA Japan 29 September, Lecture at National Institute of 20 March, Lecture at the Robert Bosch Foundation Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Fast Track Training Symposium on “ Die Tsukuba, Japan Wissenschaft als moralische Institution ”, Schloss Marbach 30 September, Lecture at Keio University Oehningen, Germany Tokyo, Japan 25 March, Lecture at Mosbacher Kolloquium, Metal 1 October, Lecture at Brain Science Institute, RIKEN in biology : cellular functions and diseases Wako, Japan Mosbach, Germany

5 – 7 October, Session Chair at STS forum Kyoto, Japan

8 October, Cool Earth forum, METI Tokyo, Japan

26 November, Lecture at meeting of the Young Academy Berlin, Germany

— 47 — .5 HONOURS AND PRIZES

HFSP GRANTEES AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE

Nobel Laureate HFSP Research Grant Nobel Prize Christiane NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD 1993 1995 (Physiology or Medicine) Rolf ZINKERNAGEL 1994 1996 (Physiology or Medicine) Stanley PRUSINER 1994 1997 (Physiology or Medicine) John WALKER 1996 1997 (Chemistry) Steven CHU 1993 1997 (Physics) Paul NURSE 1994 2001 (Physiology or Medicine) Tim HUNT 1992 / 1997 2001 (Physiology or Medicine) John SULSTON 1991 2002 (Physiology or Medicine) Peter AGRE 2000 2003 (Chemistry) Linda BUCK 1995 2004 (Physiology or Medicine) Avram HERSHKO 1998 2004 (Chemistry) Roger KORNBERG 1990 / 1993 / 1997 / 2000 2006 (Chemistry) Roger TSIEN 1995 2008 (Chemistry) Jack SZOSTAK 2000 2009 (Physiology or Medicine) Venkatraman RAMAKRISHNAN 2000/2009 2009 (Chemistry) Ada YONATH 2003 2009 (Chemistry) Jules HOFFMANN 1995 2012 (Physiology or Medicine) Ralph STEINMAN 1996, 2006 2012 (Physiology or Medicine) Randy SCHEKMAN 1991, 1995 2013 (Physiology or Medicine) Thomas SÜDHOF 1995 2013 (Physiology or Medicine) James ROTHMAN 1990, 1994, 2005 2013 (Physiology or Medicine) Martin KARPLUS 2005 2013 (Chemistry) Michael LEVITT 2008 2013 (Chemistry) John O’KEEFE 1994 2014 (Physiology or Medicine) Stefan HELL 2010 2014 (Chemistry)

— 48 — The following section lists other awards and prizes to HFSP awardees or alumni from 2014 or earlier that have come to our attention in FY 2014* Name Nationality Current affiliation Year of HFSP award

AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

FELLOW John MAUNSELL USA University of Chicago, USA Research Grant 1997 David MCCORMICK USA Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA Research Grant 1996, 2000 David SPECTOR USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA Program Grant 2003 Claudio STERN UK/Uruguay University College London, UK Research Grant 1992, 1996 Geoffrey WAHL USA The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, USA Program Grant 2001 Rachel WILSON USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Program Grant 2007 FOREIGN HONORARY MEMBER Tamás FREUND Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences / Research Grant 1991, 1995 Peter Pazmany Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

FELLOW Silvia ARBER Switzerland Biocenter, University of Basel, Switzerland Long-Term Fellowship 1996 Sean EDDY USA HHMI Janelia Farms Research Campus, Ashburn, USA Long-Term Fellowship 1992 Marilyn GUNNER USA City College of New York, USA Research Grant 1995 Marnie HALPERN Canada Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, USA Short-Term Fellowship 1999 Oliver HOBERT Germany Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA Long-Term Fellowship 1996, Research Grant 1999 Stefan HOHMANN Germany University of Gothenburg, Sweden Research Grant 2000 Tom KERPPOLA Finland University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Program Grant 2003 Christof KOCH USA Allen Institute for Brain Science, Washington, USA Research Grant 1990, Program Grant 2011 Shohei KOIDE Japan University of Chicago, USA Long-Term Fellowship 1991 Michael LEVINE USA University of California, Berkeley, USA Research Grant 1997, 2000 Andrew MURRAY USA FAS Center for Systems Biology, Research Grant 1997, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Program Grant 2014 Barry ROSEN USA Florida International University, Long-Term Fellowship 1991 Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, USA Paolo SASSONE-CORSI Italy University of California, Irvine, USA Research Grant 2000 Masatoshi TAKEICHI Japan RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan Research Grant 1992, 1995

ACADÉMIE DES SCIENCES

MEMBER Thomas LECUIT France Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles Luminy, Long-Term Fellowship 1999, France Program Grant 2008 ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES FELLOW Anthony CARR UK University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Research Grant 2000 Leon LAGNADO UK University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Long-Term Fellowship 1990, Research Grant 1994, Program Grant 2002, 2011 William WISDEN UK University of Aberdeen, UK Research Grant 1998

AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY

MEMBER Robert HASELKORN USA University of Chicago, USA Research Grant 1992

BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY

FELLOW Karolin LUGER Austria/USA Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA Research Grant 2000 Michael SHEETZ USA Columbia University, New York, USA Research Grant 1991

*It should be noted that Research Grants were awarded up until 2001 when Program Grants and Young Investigator Grants were introduced. The Short-Term Fellowship program was terminated in April 2010. — 49 — BREAKTHROUGH PRIZE IN LIFE SCIENCES FOUNDATION

BREAKTHROUGH PRIZE IN LIFE SCIENCES C. David ALLIS USA The Rockefeller University, New York, USA Research Grant 1997, 2000 Gary RUVKUN USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Research Grant 1991

EMBO

GOLD MEDAL Sophie MARTIN Switzerland University of Lausanne, Switzerland Long-Term Fellowship 2003, Career Development Award 2008

MEMBER Ian BALDWIN USA Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Program Grant 2012 Jena, Germany Ineke BRAAKMAN The Netherlands Utrecht University, The Netherlands Long-Term Fellowship 1990 Paul BRAKEFIELD UK University of Cambridge, UK Research Grant 1998 Michael BRECHT Germany Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Program Grant 2004 Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany Ian CHAMBERS UK MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Program Grant 2010 University of Edinburgh, UK Daniel CHOQUET France Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Program Grant 2006 Bordeaux, France Stanislas DEHAENE France INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Program Grant 2007 Saclay & College de France, Paris, France Winfried DENK Germany Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Program Grant 2004 Martinsried, Germany Raymond DOLAN Ireland University College London, UK Program Grant 2004 Yadin DUDAI Israel Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Program Grant 2001 Barry EVERITT UK University of Cambridge, UK Research Grant 1993, Program Grant 2001 Tamás FREUND Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences / Research Grant 1991, 1995 Peter Pazmany Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary Rainer FRIEDRICH Germany Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Program Grant 2010 Basel, Switzerland Volker HAUCKE Germany Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Long-Term Fellowship 1997 Berlin, Germany Carsten JANKE Germany Institut Curie, Paris, France Program Grant 2008 Ole KIEHN Denmark Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Research Grant 1995, Program Grant 2002 Gilles LAURENT France Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Research Grant 1990 Frankfurt, Germany Zoi LYGEROU Greece University of Patras, Greece Young Investigator Grant 2002 Troy MARGRIE Australia/UK MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK Young Investigator Grant 2005 Michela MATTEOLI Italy University of Milan & Humanitas Research Hospital, Research Grant 1995, Milan, Italy Research Grant 2001 Gil MCVEAN UK Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK Program Grant 2006 Hannah MONYER Germany German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany Research Grant 1995 Richard MORRIS UK University of Edinburgh, UK Research Grant 1990, 1994, Program Grant 2001, 2006 John O’KEEFE UK University College London, UK Research Grant 1994 Giacomo RIZZOLATI Italy University of Parma, Italy Research Grant 1990, 1993 Wolfram SCHULTZ Germany University of Cambridge, UK Program Grant 2004 Giorgio SCITA Italy IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy Program Grant 2003 Idan SEGEV Israel Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Research Grant 1994, Program Grant 2002 Wolf SINGER Germany Max-Planck Institute for Brain Research, Research Grant 1990, 1993 Frankfurt, Germany Michael SIXT Hungary Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Program Grant 2011 Klosterneuburg, Austria Haim SOMPOLINSKY Israel Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Program Grant 2013 Christian SPAHN Germany Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany Program Grant 2012 Gerhart WAGNER Germany Uppsala University, Sweden Research Grant 1999

— 50 — ASSOCIATE MEMBER Sandra SCHMID USA/Canada University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Research Grant 1996 Dallas, USA David SPECTOR USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA Program Grant 2003 YOUNG INVESTIGATOR GRANT Gad ASHER Israel Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Long-Term Fellowship 2007, Career Development Award 2012 Petr BROZ Czech Republic/ Biocentre, University of Basel, Switzerland Long-Term Fellowship 2009 Switzerland Filippo DEL BENE Italy Institut Curie, Paris, France Long-Term Fellowship 2005 Michael HOTHORN Germany University of Geneva, Switzerland Long-Term Fellowship 2008, Career Development Award 2012 Jan HUISKEN Germany MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Cross-Disciplinary Fellow 2006, Germany Career Development Award 2010 Francois LEULIER France Institute of Functional Genomics, Lyon, France (IGFL) Long-Term Fellowship 2004 Caren NORDEN Germany MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Long-Term 2007, Germany Career Development Award 2011 Maria Teresa TEIXEIRA Portugal/France IBPC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France Long-Term Fellowship 2000 Kristin TESSMAR-RAIBLE Germany Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna, Austria Young Investigator 2010

EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL

STARTING GRANT Pedro BELTRAO Portugal European Bioinformatics Institute, Long-Term Fellowship 2008, EMBL, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK Career Development Award 2013 Christof GEBHARDT Germany University of Ulm, Germany Long-Term Fellowship 2010 Ilona GRUNWALD- Germany Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology, Long-Term Fellowship 2004, KADOW Martinsried, Germany Career Development Award 2008 Hind MEDYOUF France/Morocco Technical University of Dresden, Germany Long-Term Fellowship 2008 Patrick MUELLER Germany Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Long-Term Fellowship 2008, Tuebingen, Germany Career Development Award 2013 Alejo EFEYAN Argentina Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Long-Term Fellowship 2009 Cambridge, USA Manuel IRIMIA Spain Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain Long-Term Fellowship 2011 Ignacio VARELA Spain University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain Long-Term Fellowship 2009 Hugues NURY France CNRS, Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France Long-Term Fellowship 2011 Irit GAT-VIKS Israel Tel-Aviv University, Israel Long-Term Fellowship 2009 Noam STERN-GINOSSAR Israel Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Long-Term Fellowship 2010, Career Development Award 2014 Malte GATHER Germany University of St Andrews, UK Young Investigator Grant 2013

FEBS/EMBO

WOMEN IN SCIENCE AWARD Pascale COSSART France Pasteur Institute, Paris, France Program Grant 2013

GAIRDNER FOUNDATION

CANADA GAIRDNER INTERNATIONAL AWARDS Titia DE LANGE The Netherlands The Rockefeller University, New York, USA Research Grant 1997

GERMAN RESEARCH COUNCIL

LEIBNIZ AWARD 2015 Tobias MOSER Germany University of Goettingen, Germany Young Investigator Grant 2004

GRUBER FOUNDATION

GRUBER NEUROSCIENCE PRIZE Thomas JESSELL UK Columbia University, New York, USA Program Grant 2001

— 51 — INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

MEMBER W. Mark SALTZMAN USA Yale University School of Medicine, Program Grant 2006 New Haven, USA Randy SCHEKMAN USA University of California, Berkeley, USA Research Grant 1991, 1995 Michael SHADLEN USA Columbia University, New York, USA Program Grant 2011 FOREIGN ASSOCIATE Pascale COSSART France Pasteur Institute, Paris, France Program Grant 2013 Irma THESLEFF Finland Institute of Biotechnology-University of Helsinki, Research Grant 1995 Finland

LASKER FOUNDATION

ALBERT LASKER BASIC MEDICAL RESEARCH AWARD Peter WALTER Germany/USA University of California, San Francisco, USA Research Grant 1992

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

MEMBER Michael GREEN USA University of Massachusetts Medical School, Research Grant 2000 Worcester, USA Kenneth KEEGSTRA USA Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA Research Grant 1998 Jeff LICHTMAN USA Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Program Grant 2014 Timothy MITCHISON UK Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Research Grant 1994, 1998 Andrew MURRAY USA FAS Center for Systems Biology, Research Grant 1997, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA Program Grant 2014 R. Scott POETHIG USA University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA Research Grant 1999 FOREIGN ASSOCIATE Hans CLEVERS The Netherlands Hubrecht Institute, University of Utrecht, Research Grant 1998 The Netherlands Helen NEVILLE Canada University of Oregon, Eugene, USA Program Grant 2002 Krishnawamy India Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Research Grant 1995 VIJAYRAGHAVAN Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, India Eske WILLERSLEV Denmark University of Copenhagen, Denmark Program Grant 2011 PRIZE IN PSYCHOLOGY James MCCLELLAND USA Stanford University, USA Research Grant 1992

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

NIH DIRECTOR’S NEW INNOVATOR AWARD Mala MURTHY USA Princeton University, USA Young Investigator Grant 2011 Agnel SFEIR Lebanon New York University School of Medicine, USA Young Investigator Grant 2013 Weian ZHAO China University of California, Irvine, USA Cross-Disciplinary Fellow 2009 PIONEER AWARD Denise MONTELL USA University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Program Grant 2002 Amy PALMER USA University of Colorado, Boulder, USA Program Grant 2013 TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH AWARD Scott FRASER USA University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA Research Grant 2000

NORWEGIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND LETTERS

KAVLI PRIZE NANOSCIENCE Stefan HELL Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Program Grant 2010 Goettingen, Germany KAVLI PRIZE NEUROSCIENCE John O’KEEFE UK University College London, UK Research Grant 1994

— 52 — ROYAL NETHERLANDS ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

C.L. DE CARVALHO-HEINEKEN PRIZE James MCCLELLAND USA Stanford University, USA Research Grant 1992 HEINEKEN PRIZE FOR MEDICINE Kari ALITALO Finland University of Helsinki, Finland Program Grant 2001

ROYAL SOCIETY

FELLOW Steven CHU USA Stanford University, USA Research Grant 1993 Liam DOLAN Ireland University of Oxford, UK Program Grant 2005 Stephen HARRISON USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Research Grant 1996 Sheena RADFORD UK University of Leeds, UK Program Grant 2012 Clifford TABIN USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Research Grant 1993 Anthony WATTS UK University of Oxford, UK Research Grant 1995 ROSALIND FRANKLIN AWARD Rachel MCKENDRY UK University College London, UK Young Investigator Grant 2002

SHAW PRIZE FOUNDATION

SHAW PRIZE Peter WALTER Germany/USA University of California, San Francisco, USA Research Grant 1992

WOLF FOUNDATION

WOLF PRIZE IN MEDICINE Gary RUVKUN USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA Research Grant 1991 Nahum SONENBERG Canada McGill University, Montreal, Canada Research Grant 1995, 1998, Program Grant 2005

— 53 — — 54 — Chapter

Budget and Finance

4 .1 Guidelines for HFSPO funding 4.2 Key financial figures for FY 2014 4.3 FY 2014 Financial summary 4.4 Budget for program activities FY 2015

Left to right : Takashi Arai, Jennifer Sayol, Sarah Naett and Isabelle Heidt-Coquard

— 55 — .1 GUIDELINES FOR HFSPO FUNDING

Since 2014, HFSPO has been supported by voluntary contributions from its 15 Management Supporting Parties (MSPs) : Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Union. Singapore joined the Program in July 2014. MSPs hold regular Intergovernmental Conferences (IGCs) at which the intended level of contribution for the next budgetary period is established as a guideline for the Board.

The then 14 MSPs met at an Intergovernmental conference (IGC) on 11 June 2013 in Brussels, Belgium to review the progress made and discuss the future of the Human Frontier Science Program. They all renewed their commitment to HFSPO and acknowledged the need to ensure a sustained budget in order to maintain the attractiveness of the Program, improve awarding capacity and be inclusive of fields as they emerge on the frontiers of the life science.

At this conference, the MSPs established a three- year indicative budgetary guideline for the period FY 2014 to FY 2016. The Brussels guideline is based on a 4 % annual increase of MSPs’ contributions for 6 countries (Australia, Canada, Germany, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) and a 2 % annual increase for 7 countries (European Union, France, India, Italy, Republic of Korea, Norway and the United States of America). Japan maintains the same level of contribution throughout the period.

— 56 — .2 KEY FINANCIAL FIGURES FOR FY 2014

At HFSPO, the fiscal year (FY) extends from 1 April in one year to 31 March the following year.

Figures are reported in million USD unless stated otherwise. Different exchange rates are used in this report for different purposes :

IGC Brussels reference rates : these are used to monitor the implementation of the IGC budgetary guideline in USD over extended periods and avoid the risk of distortion arising from variations in the exchange rate. Reference rates may differ from actual rates.

FY 2014 budget rate : the exchange rate used for the budget.

FY 2014 daily accounting rates : these are used for HFSPO’s legal accounts and their consolidation in EUR or in USD. They are updated daily on the basis of data published by the European Central Bank.

Table 4-1 : Exchange rates used in FY 2014 report

Exchange rates 1 USD = CAD CHF EUR GBP Brussels IGC for 2014 to 2016 1.00 0.95 0.75 0.65 Budget FY 2014 1.00 0.90 0.75 0.65 Actual FY 2014 (average) 1.14 0.92 0.79 0.62 Budget FY 2015 1.12 0.93 0.80 0.62 2013 for reminder 1.05 0.92 0.75 0.63

— 57 — .2.1

CONTRIBUTIONS

Contributions received from MSPs during FY 2014 are shown in Table 4-2 below. Actual payments were made in the agreed currencies, as shown in the first column. The second column shows them in USD, exchanged at the daily accounting rate.

Table 4-2 : Contributions received in FY 2014 in currencies (1st April 2014 to 31 March 2015)

Payments Brussels Joint Communiqué for 2014 Actual payment LC Actual payment in USD (Local Currency) (at accounting rate) USD Australia 700 000 USD 700 000 700 000 Canada 1 811 680 CAD 1 636 892 1 811 680 EU 4 765 000 EUR 6 483 258 6 354 000 France 2 231 000 EUR 2 972 388 2 974 000 Germany 4 269 000 EUR 5 064 305 5 692 000 India* 110 138 USD 110 138 1 009 000 Italy 844 817 EUR 916 208 1 201 000 Japan 21 619 388 USD 21 619 388 22 200 000 Korea 797 000 USD 797 000 797 000 New-Zealand 133 000 USD 133 000 133 000 Norway 620 000 USD 620 000 620 000 Singapore 500 000 USD 500 000 500 000 Switzerland 851 000 CHF 950 662 895 000 UK 1 415 000 GBP 2 349 130 2 178 000 USA 10 129 000 USD 10 129 000 10 129 000 *not yet received in full 54 981 368 57 193 680

Total contributions amounted to 96.1 % of the Brussels goal shown in the third column (compared to 86.5 % last year) :

During FY 2014, 12 MSPs settled their confirmed contribution in full, Australia, Canada, EU, France, Germany, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, UK and USA ; METI (Japan) decreased its contribution by 14.58 % and paid 4.903 million USD (cf. 5,741 million USD last year, 6,829 million USD in 2012, 8,057 million USD in FY 2011 and 11,582 million USD in FY 2009). The Japanese contribution decreased by 3.73%, essentially due to the exchange rate between JPY and USD. Italy paid a total of 845 thousand EUR instead of the budgeted 901 thousand EUR. The Ministry of Research confirmed that the FY 2014 contribution will not exceed this amount. India paid an amount of 401.2 thousand USD, corresponding to an outstanding amount of 291.1 thousand USD to settle the FY 2013 contribution and 110.1 thousand USD for FY 2014. 899 thousand USD is outstanding for FY 2014.

— 58 — GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

At the end of FY 2014, the total amount contributed by the MSPs since the beginning of the Program reaches 1.262 billion USD. Japan, the founder of the Program, has provided 790 million USD, representing 62.6% of the total. All the other MSPs have contributed 472 million USD together, of which 13.1 % was provided by the USA, 6.1 % by the EU, 5.7 % by Germany and 4 % by France. Other MSPs contributed 2.5 % or less.

Table 4-3 : Actual contributions from MSPs per fiscal year at current exchange rate* (million USD)

Australia Canada European France Germany India Italy Japan Korea New Norway Singapore Switzer- UK USA TOTAL % Union Zealand land FY 1989 0.500 0.000 9.900 10.42 FY 1990 0.200 1.650 0.290 0.330 28.950 31.42 201.54 FY 1991 0.150 1.620 0.910 0.440 28.440 0.400 0.040 32.00 1.85 FY 1992 0.400 0.180 1.320 0.770 0.190 29.570 0.400 0.510 0.040 33.38 4.31 FY 1993 0.330 0.910 1.250 0.810 1.180 31.300 0.400 0.540 3.500 39.22 17.50 FY 1994 0.540 1.110 1.560 0.990 1.180 34.010 0.400 0.590 3.500 42.88 9.33 FY 1995 0.530 1.000 1.740 1.220 0.190 35.650 0.590 0.580 3.500 45.00 4.94 FY 1996 0.260 0.920 1.370 1.170 0.180 36.730 0.510 0.630 4.000 45.77 1.71 FY 1997 0.250 0.870 1.470 1.020 0.170 37.380 0.530 0.760 4.000 46.45 1.49 FY 1998 0.450 1.110 1.700 1.250 0.290 35.840 0.580 0.760 4.500 46.48 0.06 FY 1999 0.440 1.680 1.750 1.600 0.290 35.770 0.610 0.750 5.000 48.89 3.03 FY 2000 0.450 1.520 1.580 2.100 0.260 37.380 0.550 0.750 5.500 50.09 4.59 FY 2001 0.510 0.870 1.160 2.840 0.680 37.050 0.520 0.800 7.390 51.82 3.45 FY 2002 0.830 2.380 1.400 1.530 31.250 0.530 1.550 8.600 48.07 - 7.24 FY 2003 0.810 4.720 1.910 3.940 31.250 0.630 1.470 10.400 55.13 14.69 FY 2004 0.850 4.080 2.070 3.430 2.120 31.250 0.690 1.630 9.500 55.62 0.89 FY 2005 0.466 0.870 4.510 2.170 3.500 0.840 31.248 0.550 0.690 1.720 9.000 55.56 - 0.10 FY 2006 0.485 1.063 4.690 2.545 3.913 0.916 31.248 0.568 0.095 0.697 1.878 9.000 57.10 2.76 FY 2007 0.504 1.286 5.500 2.951 4.174 0.780 1.561 31.248 0.591 0.099 0.698 2.146 9.000 60.54 6.02 FY 2008 0.534 1.240 5.570 3.039 4.910 0.812 0.909 31.248 0.624 0.103 0.500 0.480 2.140 9.364 61.87 2.20 FY 2009 0.566 1.331 5.762 2.439 5.266 0.844 31.248 0.658 0.108 0.520 0.862 1.915 9.832 61.35 - 0.84 FY 2010 0.598 1.441 5.334 2.000 5.037 0.879 1.092 29.523 0.694 0.113 0.541 0.818 1.816 9.930 59.82 - 2.50 FY 2011 0.622 1.614 6.254 2.701 5.036 0.914 1.073 24.773 0.722 0.118 0.563 0.923 2.010 9.930 57.25 - 4.29 FY 2012 0.647 1.680 5.590 2.736 5.115 0.837 1.102 23.545 0.751 0.123 0.585 0.849 2.047 9.930 54.54 - 3.00 FY 2013 0.673 1.662 6.103 2.936 5.451 0.989 1.199 22.457 0.781 0.128 0.608 0.867 2.036 9.930 55.82 0.51 FY 2014* 0.700 1.637 6.483 2.972 5.064 1.009 0.916 21.619 0.797 0.133 0.620 0.500 0.951 2.349 10.129 55.88 0.10 TOTAL 5.80 20.67 77.30 50.50 71.34 7.06 15.13 789.92 6.74 1.02 3.94 0.50 15.47 31.48 165.52 1 262.37 0.50 % 1.60 % 6.10 % 4.00 % 5.70 % 0.60 % 1.20 % 62.60 % 0.50 % 0.10 % 0.30 % 0.00 % 1.20 % 2.50 % 13.10 % 1 261.87

*India : outstanding payment of 899 kUSD - Italy : outstanding payment of 157 kUSD / cancelled by Ministry of Research

The Asia Pacific region, which includes Japan, remains the main source of funding, contributing 44 % of the total in FY 2014. After the Asia Pacific region, Europe contributed 35 % and North America contributed 21 %.

Fig. 4-1. : Geographical distribution per continent

— 59 — .2.3

PAYMENT OF AWARDS

HFSPO paid 53.544 million USD to its awardees during FY 2014 (compared to 52.191 million USD for FY 2013). Fig. 4-2 shows the breakdown of the amount by activity : Research Grant payments amounted to Payments to CDA holders amounted to 2.9 million 35.65 million USD (26.3 million USD for Program USD and constitute 5.36 % of FY 2014 payments Grants and 9.35 million USD for Young Investigator (cf. 4.8 % last year and 6 % year before). Grants). This constitutes 66 % of payments made in FY 2014 (cf. 67.5 % last year). Resources allocated to the Awardees Meeting in Lugano, Switzerland, and other outreach activities, Payments to Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary including Program meetings, the Nakasone Award Fellows correspond to 27.7 % of payments in FY or Alumni meetings, amounted to approximately 2014 (cf. 27.8 % last year). Actual payments were 606 thousand USD. slightly below budget for two reasons observed each year : - Some payments planned for FY 2014 were postponed for reasons such as parental leave or deferral of the third year in the event of repatriation. These payments were transferred to following fiscal years; - Some fellows terminated earlier than scheduled e.g. to take up a permanent position.

Fig. 4-2 : Payments made in FY 2014 by type of award

— 60 — Table 4-4 and Fig. 4-3 show the geographical distribution of award payments.

Table 4-4 : Geographical distribution of award payments per MSP over the range of programs in FY 2014 (USD)

Long-Term + Career Research MSP % Cross disc. % Development % Total % Total Grants Fellowships Awards Australia 1 036 666 2.91 % 305 595 2.04 % 1 342 261 2.51 % Canada 2 109 897 5.92 % 379 497 2.53 % 200 000 6.90 % 2 689 394 5.02 % EU 3 823 468 10.73 % 1 057 107 7.05 % 400 000 13.79 % 5 280 575 9.86 % France 2 464 158 6.91 % 471 205 3.14 % 200 000 6.90 % 3 135 363 5.86 % Germany 4 294 422 12.05 % 817 251 5.45 % 500 000 17.24 % 5 611 673 10.48 % India 154 000 0.43 % 154 000 0.29 % Italy 1 027 500 2.88 % 1 027 500 1.92 % Japan 2 168 833 6.08 % 224 746 1.50 % 100 000 3.45 % 2 493 579 4.66 % Korea 316 667 0.89 % 316 667 0.59 % New Zealand 75 000 0.21 % 75 000 0.14 % Norway 81 594 0.54 % 81 594 0.15 % Singapore 200 000 0.56 % 200 000 0.37 % Switzerland 540 333 1.52 % 1 890 579 12.61 % 300 000 10.34 % 2 730 912 5.10 % UK 4 934 237 13.84 % 879 713 5.87 % 200 000 6.90 % 6 013 950 11.23 % USA 11 127 946 31.22 % 8 767 546 58.46 % 300 000 10.34 % 20 195 492 37.72 % Non MSPs 1 374 445 3.86 % 121 758 0.81 % 700 000 24.14 % 2 196 203 4.10 % Grand Total 35 647 572 100.00 % 14 996 591 100.00 % 2 900 000 100.00 % 53 544 163 100.00 % 66,58 % 28,01 % 5.42 %

44.6 % of the total amount of awards paid in FY 2014 supported HFSP awardees in Europe (cf. 43.3 last year), 42.7 % was allocated to awardees in North America (cf. 39.4 % last year), 8.6 % went to awardees in the Asia-Pacific region (cf. 11.8 % last year) and 4.1 % to non MSPs (cf. 5.5 % last year).

Fig 4-3 : Geographical distribution of total awards over all programs paid by HFSPO in FY2014

— 61 — Fig. 4-4 : Fig 4-5 : Overview of FY 2014 payments to grant team members Overview of FY 2014 payments to HFSP fellows according to country according to host country

Research Grants Fellowship

In FY 2014, all MSPs benefited from an HFSP award, highlighting sustained efforts throughout the MSPs to participate in international collaboration.

Fig 4-6 : Overview of FY 2014 payments to CDA holders according to host country

Career Development Awards

— 62 — .3 FY 2014 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

The accounting summary (Table 4-5) provides an Expenditures have been closely monitored and overview of income and expenditures. Together, were much lower in USD than expected also due these result in the cash net financial position. to the impact of the exchange rate. The expenses Contributions paid in currencies other than the USD of the Secretariat for FY 2014, which are mostly in are consolidated at the exchange rate of the date of EUR, amounted to 3.001 million USD, 5.4 % of the payment. annual amount of contributions. In EUR, office costs amounted to 3.519 million EUR, 100 thousand EUR As regards the FY 2014 budget, all MSPs paid the more than in the previous year, essentially due to the expected contribution, except for Italy and India. The Awardees Meeting and 25th anniversary celebrations total amount received was 784 thousand USD less in Lugano. Office costs include meeting and travel than expected, essentially due to the impact of the costs for the Board, office expenses and salaries. exchange rate between the Euro and the USD. Based Other meeting costs for the Review Committees, the on the 2014 EUR/USD budget rate of 0.75, the Italian Council and Selection Committee are included under contribution was estimated at 1.201 million USD. “ Meetings and outreach activities ” for an amount of However, at the end of March 2015, when Italy paid 786 thousand USD. its contribution of 845 thousand EUR, the amount received was 916 thousand USD since the actual All Research Grant, Fellowship and Career exchange rate was 0.92. Development Award payments for FY 2014 have been made in full. Program expenses reached HFSPO limits currency exchange as far as possible, 54.333 million USD. Some fellows terminated earlier using contributions in one currency for the payment than expected because they were either offered of awardees in the same currency. Since most a permanent position or they opted for another payments are made by the end of October, significant fellowship. Taking into account both the cash flow savings can be made if contributions are received and commitments to awardees (i.e. commitments early. In this respect, it was helpful that the European from previous years at the beginning of the year and Commission and France were able to pay their those still to be paid at closing), there should be a contributions at the beginning of fiscal year 2014. negative balance of around 1.6 million USD at the end of FY 2014. The Indian contribution has been included in the accounting summary since payment has been Notes on FY 2014 accounts confirmed, though not received in total. 899 thousand USD is outstanding. Accounts for FY 2014, consolidated in EUR, were prepared by the chartered accountants MAZARS. Overall financial income will be higher than expected Price Waterhouse Coopers audited and certified these due to the performance of several long-term accounts. HFSPO’s legal accounts are reported on an investments. accrual basis. They follow the French regulations (GAAP) applicable to not-for-profit organizations. Legal accounts are consolidated and stated in EUR. The currency of consolidation used for HFSPO’s internal reporting, including this annual report, is the USD.

— 63 — Table 4-5 : HFSPO accounting summary FY 2014 (budget and actual rates) – income

Report FY Report FY Income / Budget 2014 2014 Expenditures / Budget 2014 2014 Current commitments In m USD In m USD New commitments In m USD In m USD (actual rate) (actual rate)

1. Contributions 56.663 55.879 1. Administrative expenses 4.548 3.001 Australia 0.700 0.700 2. Program activities 55.964 54.333 Canada 1.812 1.637 Program Grants 26.300 26.300 European Union 6.353 6.483 Young Investigators 9.350 9.350 France 2.975 2.972 Fellowships 16.558 14.997 Germany 5.692 5.064 Career Development Awards 2.900 2.900 India* 1.009 1.009 Meetings and outreach activities 0.856 0.786 Italy 1.201 0.916 Japan 21.619 21.619 3. Committed funds beyond FY (in USD) 58.975 59.383 Korea 0.797 0.797 Committed funds from previous year 2.452 New Zealand 0.133 0.133 Program Grants 25.800 25.800 Norway 0.620 0.620 Young Investigators 9.450 9.450 Singapore 0.500 0.500 Fellowships 17.773 20.633 Switzerland 0.946 0.951 Career Development Awards 3.500 3.500 UK 2.177 2.349 USA 10.129 10.129 Total Expenses 119.487 116.717 Annual balance (positive) - 0.066 0.000

2. Interests and capital gain (estimate) 0.250 0.652 GRAND TOTAL 119.421 116.717 3. Miscellaneous reimbursements 0.233

4. Treasury 62.508 58.320 EMTN 33.500 32.500 UCITS in USD 23.797 15.450 UCITS in EUR 2.128 2.557 CURRENT BANK ACCOUNTS 3.083 7.813 (02/2014) (03/2015)

Total income 119.421 115.084 Annual Balance (negative) 1.633 GRAND TOTAL 119.421 116.717

*India : outstanding payment of 899 kUSD

— 64 — .4 BUDGET FOR PROGRAM ACTIVITIES FY 2015

CONTRIBUTIONS PROGRAM ACTIVITIES

Planning for the FY 2015 budget was based on MSPs’ The Program Activity Plan was adopted by the contributions as confirmed at the 49th Board meeting Board on 24 March 2015. Within the limits of the (March 2015). This amounted to 55.86 million USD projected budget, it decided to make the following (cf. 56.66 million USD last year). The Brussels IGC awards : guideline indicated a 4 % annual increase for • 21 Program Grants ; 6 countries and a 2 % increase for 7 others. • 10 Young Investigator Grants ; Compared to the Brussels goal, there is a slight • 66 Long-Term and 9 Cross-Disciplinary decrease due to : Fellowships, with a reserve list ; - the exchange rate impact on the contribution of • 8 Career Development Awards. METI which is JPY based (- 0.6 million USD). This means that Japan confirmed a smaller amount than Program activities in FY 2015 will cost 55.39 million anticipated at the Brussels IGC USD (56.05 million USD last year). - this decrease is partly mitigated by the accession of Singapore as a new MSP, providing the minimum Of this amount, Program activities for FY 2015 contribution of 0.52 million USD. include the15th HFSP Awardees meeting to be Financial income from investments, at a similar level held in San Diego, USA, the Nakasone Award 2015, to last year, is expected to amount to approximately attendance at scientific meetings and travel for 250 thousand USD. Council and Review Committee members. These expenses will amount to 781 thousand USD.

Payments to awardees in FY 2015 will amount to 54.61 million USD (cf. 55.19 million USD last year, 54.09 million USD in FY 2013 and 54.35 million USD in FY 2012).

— 65 — Table 4-6 : Overview of HFSPO budget for FY 2015 including all commitments for future years.

Budget Budget INCOME IGC - USD EXPENDITURES 2015 2015 In mio LC In mio LC In mio USD In mio LC In mio USD EUR USD 1. Contributions n.a. 57.0 55.86 1. HFSP operation 3.34 4.18 Australia USD 0.73 0.73 0.73 Canada CAD 1.88 1.68 1.68 2. Program activities 55.39 European Commission EUR 4.86 6.08 6.08 Program Grants 21 25.35 France EUR 2.28 2.84 2.84 Young Investigators 10 9.10 Germany EUR 4.44 5.55 5.55 Fellowships 75 17.16 India USD 1.03 1.03 1.03 Career Development Awards 8 3.00 Italy (not confirmed) EUR 0.92 1.15 1.15 Awardees meetings 0.25 0.31 Japan USD 21.04 22.20 21.04 Program meetings (RC, COS, SEL) 0.32 0.40 Korea USD 0.81 0.81 0.81 Outreach activities - Alumni network 0.03 0.03 New Zealand USD 0.14 0.14 0.14 Nakasone Award 0.03 0.03 Norway USD 0.63 0.63 0.63 Singapore USD 0.52 0.52 0.52 3. Not yet paid as of 17/2/15 2.59 Switzerland CHF 0.89 0.95 0.95 CDA 0.80 UK GBP 1.47 2.37 2.37 LT 0.78 USA (not confirmed) USD 10.33 10.33 10.33

Office costs to go for FY2014 1.01 2. Interests and capital gain 0.25 4. Committed funds beyond FY 54.20 3. Treasury as of USD 17/2/15 58.60 Program Grants 25.05 EMTN 45.50 Young Investigators 8.75 UCITS in USD 6.89 Fellowships 17.50 Saving accounts in EUR 3.61 Career Development Awards 2.90 Current bank accounts 2.60 4. Contribu.to receive 5. Negative balance from previous fy USD 2.206 from previous FY

Total income + assets Total expenses + (incl. 60kusd in kind) USD 116.91 committed funds 116.36

Balance ( negative) Balance (positive) 0.552 Grand total USD 116.91 Grand total 116.91

OVERVIEW OF HFSPO BUDGET FOR FY 2015 HFSPO continues to operate on a sound financial Together with resources from past contributions, basis. For Program activities in FY 2015 and interest and income from investments, the total beyond, and for operational costs, it has committed amount available for FY 2015 and beyond will be 116.91 million USD. HFSPO expects to receive over 116.91 million USD. The anticipated balance 55.86 million USD in MSPs’ contributions for FY 2015. between income and expenditure should be positive and amount to about 0.5 million USD. — 66 — — 67 — — 68 — ppendix

Program Highlights

A .1 History of the Program A.2 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental Conference on the Human Frontier Science Program, Brussels, 11 June 2013 A.3 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in 2014 A.4 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in 2014 A.5 Career Development Awards made in 2014 A.6 Research Grants awarded in 2014

— 69 — The Secretariat of the Program, the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, was founded in October 1989 in Strasbourg, France. The first President of the Program was Ambassador Miyazaki (Japan), the first Chairman of the Council of Scientists was Dr. Edward Rall (US) and the first Secretary General was Sir James Gowans, former .1 Secretary of the Medical Research Council, UK. HISTORY 1990 The peer review process was established and OF THE PROGRAM the first awards were made in March. A1.2 Further development of the Program

Intergovernmental Conferences bring together representatives of the Management Supporting Parties, i.e. those countries that support the Program directly, plus the European Union, representing the A1.1 Beginnings remaining EU countries, to discuss overall policy and strategy. Since 2004, they also establish an indicative 1986 A feasibility study was carried out by leading financial framework for the following three years. Japanese scientists under the auspices of the Japanese Prime Minister’s Council for Science of 1st Intergovernmental Conference, Tokyo, Japan, Technology, to explore possible means to encourage January 1992 : This conference recognised the international collaboration in basic research. achievements made in the initial phase of the Program and the desirability of continuing the HFSP. 1987 Discussion was expanded to include scientists It was decided to carry out a general review of the from the G7 summit nations and the European Union, program from both scientific and organisational resulting in the « London Wise Men’s Conference » in standpoints. April 1987, which endorsed the suggestion. Prime Minister Nakasone of Japan proposed the 2nd Intergovernmental Conference, Washington, Human Frontier Science Program at the Venice DC, USA, May 1997 : It was decided to continue the Economic Summit in June. The Economic Summit HFSP for another five years. The MSPs reaffirmed partners and the Chairman of the European the goals of the Tokyo Joint Communiqué aimed at Community welcomed the initiative and activities increased and equitable funding for the Program. aimed at implementing it as soon as possible were A further review of the Program was requested for started. March 2001.

1988 Further international talks were held from 3rd Intergovernmental Conference, Berlin, November 1987 to March 1988 in the form of an Germany, June 2002 : The MSPs agreed to the International HFSP Feasibility Study Committee, continuation of HFSP for a further five years on the which culminated in April 1988 in the « Bonn Wise basis of its scientific value and the implementation Men’s Conference » - this established an outline of a number of initiatives introduced by the Secretary of the program activities and defined the general General. A working group was set up to consider the scientific areas and types of activity to be supported. future finances, status and scope of the Program. Prime Minister Takeshita of Japan reported the conclusions of the international feasibility study 4 th Intergovernmental Conference, Bern, at the Toronto Economic Summit in June. The Switzerland, June 2004 : The delegates agreed upon a assembled Heads of State welcomed the proposal general indicative financial framework for 2005-2007 for implementation in the near future. in order to reach a total budget of 60 million USD and a 50 : 50 distribution of contributions from Japan 1989 An International Scientists Committee, which and the other countries. An annual increase was had started work in 1987, gave further shape to the recommended to maintain the awarding capacity of Program, defining its organization and the details of the Program. its program activities, research areas and selection procedures. Intergovernmental conferences were 5th Intergovernmental Conference, Ottawa, Canada, held in June and July 1989 in Tokyo and Berlin, June 2007 : The representatives agreed on an respectively, which led to endorsement of the plan indicative three year budgetary plan 2008-2010 and by the participating governments. It was agreed endorsed the Board recommendation of March 2007 to implement the HFSP for an initial experimental that an annual minimum contribution be required phase of 3 years. of any new MSP. — 70 — 6th Intergovernmental Conference, Canberra, 2010 Review of the Human Frontier Science Australia, May 2010 : The representatives recognised Program : a questionnaire based review to evaluate the success of HFSP in setting new paradigms for the success of the initiatives since 2000 and a research and in funding excellent individual and bibliometric analysis of awardees’ publications. A collaborative projects over a 20 year period. As the further study of commercialization resulting from Program enters a new phase of its development, HFSP funded research was carried out at the request representatives asked the Board to develop a new of the Ministry of Trade, Economy and Industry, Japan. financial framework for consideration at the next IGC. For the period 2011-2013, an indicative financial A1.5 Leadership and management framework was agreed. The MSPs nominate representatives to the Board of 7th Intergovernmental Conference, Brussels, Trustees to take responsibility for the management Belgium, June 2013 : The representatives renewed of the Program in collaboration with the Council of their commitment to the Program on the basis of its Scientists. A President and two Vice-Presidents are added value as the only bottom-up global program elected by the members from among the Trustees for supporting frontier research in the life sciences a three-year term. The Board of Trustees appoints a and recognised the need for a sustained budget to Secretary General for a term of three years to execute maintain the attractiveness of the Program. They the Program in accordance with the decisions of the adopted indicative budgetary guidelines for the Board of Trustees and the Council of Scientists. Program (2014-2016). President of the Board of Trustees A1.3 Membership of HFSPO Hiromichi Miyazaki (Japan) November 1989 – March 1995 HFSPO was established at the initiative of the Kozo Iizuka (Japan) April 1995 – March 2000 Japanese government, led by Prime Minister Masao Ito (Japan) April 2000 – March 2009 Nakasone. The founding MSPs were Canada, France, Akito Arima (Japan) April 2009 – March 2012 Germany, the European Union, Italy, Japan, the UK Nobutaka Hirokawa (Japan) April 2012 to present and the USA. Switzerland took up membership in 1990. At the 3rd Intergovernmental Conference Chair of the Council of Scientists (Berlin, 2002), MSPs agreed to take active steps Edward Rall (USA) to expand the membership of HFSPO to enhance March 1990 (2nd meeting) to March 1993 (8th meeting), the intercontinental balance of the Program and Klaus-Peter Hoffmann (Germany) promote international collaboration. The Guidelines November 1993 (9th meeting) to March 1995 (12th meeting) for membership were subsequently revised and the Pierre Chambon (France) Board accepted the following new members : March 1996 (13th meeting) and March 1997 (14th meeting) Albert Aguayo (Canada) 2004 Australia and the Republic of Korea March 1998 (15th meeting) and March 1999 (16th meeting) 2006 New Zealand and India Arturo Falaschi (Italy) 2008 Norway March 2000 (17th meeting) and March 2001 (18th meeting) 2014 Singapore Pierre Magistretti (Switzerland) March 2002 (19th meeting) and March 2003 (20th meeting) A1.4 Reviews of HFSP Heinrich Betz (Germany) March 2004 (21st meeting) A number of reviews have been carried out at the Joachim Seelig (Switzerland) request of the MSPs. March 2005 (22nd meeting) and March 2006 (23rd meeting) Rudi Balling (Germany) 1996 General Review : a questionnaire based review, March 2007 (24th meeting) with comments by an expert scientific panel. Paul Lasko (Canada) March 2008 (25th meeting) to March 2010 (27th meeting) 2001 Second General Review : a questionnaire based Rae Silver (USA) review, with a bibliometric analysis. March 2011 (28th meeting) to July 2012 (31st meeting) Young-Joon Kim (Rep. of Korea) 2006 Review of the Human Frontier Program’s July 2013 (32nd meeting) to July 2014 (33rd meeting) Initiatives 2000-2005 : a questionnaire based review Salvatore Oliviero (Italy) to evaluate the success of the initiatives introduced under the leadership of Secretary General, Torsten Secretary General Wiesel. James Gowans (UK) November 1989 – March 1993 Michel Cuénod (Switzerland) April 1993 – March 2000 2007 Report of the expert review panel on HFSP : Torsten Wiesel (USA) April 2000 – June 2009 an additional review by a panel of eminent scientists, Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker (Germany) July 2009 to present who were invited to comment on the 2006 report and to identify issues for further evaluation. — 71 — c) Representatives confirm their aim to maintain the uniqueness of HFSP in supporting innovative, frontier research in the life sciences, encouraging high risk research and promoting international collaboration in the spirit of science without borders. .2 d) Representatives note that the range of programs within the HFSP portfolio complement each other JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ in providing scientists with opportunities to carry out frontier research at all stages of their career, OF THE with particular attention to early career scientists. The representatives recognise the value of all three INTERGOVERNMENTAL programs (Research Grants, Fellowships and Career Development Awards), and agree that the Research CONFERENCE ON Grant program has the highest priority on account of its unique value in supporting emerging fields. THE HUMAN FRONTIER e) Representatives acknowledge the need of ensuring a sustained budget to maintain the attractiveness SCIENCE PROGRAM, of the programme, improve awarding capacity and be inclusive of fields as they emerge on the BRUSSELS, 11 JUNE 2013 frontiers of the life sciences. Representatives of the Management Supporting 3. Finances Parties (MSPs) of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, a) While representatives acknowledge and commend Italy, India, Japan, The Republic of Korea, New the leading role of Japan in supporting HFSP for Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom over 20 years, they also acknowledge that the time of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United has come for greater burden-sharing to ensure States of America and of the European Union met at that the Program continues to make profound an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on 11 June contributions in extending the frontiers. 2013 in Brussels, Belgium to review the progress b) Representatives accept a financial framework made and discuss the future of the Human Frontier for their indicative contributions to HFSP for the Science Program (HFSP). period 2014-2016 (see Annex). c) Representatives recognise the need to move 1. Mission and added value of the Human Frontier towards the development and application of new Science Program principles for calculating financial contributions a) Representatives recognise that the ever-growing in the long-term, taking into account quantitative complexity and diversity of science makes and/or qualitative indicators. international collaboration more imperative than d) Representatives intend to consider the possibility ever. of seeking additional resources from the private b) Independent reviews acknowledge that HFSP has sector. an impressive track record in stimulating world- class excellence in high-risk/high-impact science 4. New membership and career development which, because of HFSP’s a) Representatives acknowledge that HFSP should particular niche (small-scale, bottom-up, high-risk, invite potentially interested new parties to apply interdisciplinary, intercontinental), has significant for membership of HFSP. added value. b) Agreement on new memberships should be c) Representatives recognize that as a result of the subject to (i) the quality and capacity of frontier investment made up to now, HFSP is uniquely research in the life sciences conducted by the positioned as the only bottom-up global program interested new party(ies); (ii) the willingness and supporting frontier research in the life sciences. ability of the interested new party(ies) to support d) Representatives acknowledge the role of Japan HFSP financially in the long-term, in accordance as the initiator of HFSP, its largest contributor with a GDP-based formula and a minimum and the cornerstone of its hitherto success and contribution set by the Board. sustainability. c) Representatives note that the contributions of any new party are to be added to the total amount 2. Continuation of the Human Frontier Science contributed by the other MSPs. Program a) Representatives renew their commitment to HFSP. 5. Next Meeting b) Representatives confirm the mission given to a) The next meeting of the HFSP IGC will be held HFSP to promote research into the ‘complex in the United Kingdom in 2016, unless unforeseen mechanisms of living organisms’ along the lines circumstances make it necessary to hold a meeting of the HFSP Strategic Outlook 2010-2016. before that date. — 72 — ANNEX

Indicative budgetary guidelines 2014 – 2016 (In K local currencies)

MSP Curr Budget FY 2014 Budget FY 2015 Budget FY 2016 Australia USD 700 728 757 Canada CAD 1 812 1 884 1 960 EU1 EUR 4 765 4 861 4 958 France EUR 2 231 2 275 2 321 Germany EUR 4 269 4 440 4 617 India USD 1 009 1 029 1 050 Italy EUR 901 919 937 Japan2 USD 22 200 22 200 22 200 New Zealand USD 133 138 144 Norway USD 620 633 645 Republic of Korea USD 797 813 829 Switzerland CHF 851 885 920 UK GBP 1 415 1 472 1 531 USA3 USD 10 129 10 331 10 538

1Financial contribution of the EU is subject to adoption of the future relevant Work Programmes under Horizon 2020 (the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation 2014-2020) 2A review of this program’s performance in Japan may be conducted. This amount is subject to change, depending on its results, and on exchange-rate fluctuations due to the yen based contributions from METI 3Numbers subject to revision for 2015 and 2016

Australia Canada European Union Tony Kingdon Kelly VanKoughnet Robert-Jan Smits

France Germany India Roger Genet Hans Michael Biehl K. VijayRaghavan

Italy Japan New Zealand Raffaele Liberali Sotaro Ito Bruce McCallum

Norway Republic of Korea Switzerland Anders HANNEBORG Sanghun Lee Isabella BERETTA

United Kingdom United States of America Mark PALMER Carmen Huber

— 73 — .3 SUMMARY OF DECISIONS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN FY 2014

49th Board meeting (March 2015) The Board unanimously approved the following The Board established a working group to consider awards for FY2015 : the question of incentives for membership and the 21 Program Grants and 10 Young Investigator financial cost of awards to non MSPs. Grants, with 2 in reserve should funds become available, The Board agreed to postpone approval of the 66 Long-Term Fellowships, with a reserve list of Assurance Framework until after completion of 25 and 9 Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships, with a the Secretariat response and the implementation reserve list of 2, of an audit of governance. The Terms of Reference 8 Career Development Awards, with a reserve list for Internal Auditors were approved with minor of 4. corrections.

The Board unanimously approved the annual The Board agreed that the working group should accounts for FY 2013. continue to consider a possible framework for receiving private funds. An additional working group The Board unanimously approved the Program was formed to accompany the process of establishing Activity Plan and Budget for FY 2015. the delegations of authority to responsible persons within the Organization. The Board unanimously agreed that the annual Council meeting continue to be held in the context The Board unanimously approved the re-election of of the Awardees Meeting. The next Council meeting Dr. Nobutaka Hirokawa as President for a second term will be held in La Jolla, USA, on 16 July 2015. of three years.

— 74 — .4 LONG-TERM AND CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FELLOWSHIPS4 AWARDED IN 2014

1. Long-Term Fellowships

Name Nationality Host institute Host country

ADAM Yoav GERMANY/ISRAEL Harvard University, Cambridge USA ARRUDA-CARVALHO Maithe BRAZIL/FRANCE Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York USA BACCELLI Irene FRANCE University of Montreal CANADA BAVA Felice Alessio ITALY Stanford University USA BELTRAMO Riccardo ITALY University of California, San Diego USA BEN-DAVID Uri ISRAEL The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge USA BHATIA Dhiraj Devidas INDIA Institut Curie, Paris FRANCE BITON Moshe ISRAEL The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge USA BLITZ Einat ISRAEL Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim GERMANY CAIATI Maddalena Delma ITALY Harvard University, Cambridge USA CHOE Han Kyoung KOREA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA COELHO Miguel PORTUGAL Harvard University, Cambridge USA COOK David USA Wageningen University THE NETHERLANDS DEBERNARDI Juan Manuel ARGENTINA University of California, Davis USA DIAO Yarui CHINA University of California, San Diego USA EICHTEN Steven USA The Australian National University, Canberra AUSTRALIA ELYADA Ela ISRAEL Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory USA ERKEK Serap TURKEY European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg GERMANY FLATT Justin USA University of Zurich SWITZERLAND FUMAGALLI Matteo ITALY University College London UK GERBER Alan SWITZERLAND The Rockefeller University, New York USA GIBEAUX Romain FRANCE University of California, Berkeley USA GLEISS Adrian GERMANY University of Western Australia, Perth AUSTRALIA HAGGLUND Martin SWEDEN Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NORWAY HARRIS Andrew UK University of California, Berkeley USA HASENFUSS Sebastian GERMANY/USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston USA HAYANO Motoshi JAPAN Harvard Medical School, Boston USA HORNBERG Hanna SWEDEN University of Basel SWITZERLAND HUILGOL Dhananjay INDIA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory USA HUTTENHAIN Ruth GERMANY University of California, San Francisco USA IP Pak Kan Jacque CHINA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston USA

— 75 — Name Nationality Host institute Host country

JOHANSSON Linda SWEDEN The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla USA KANIE Tomoharu JAPAN Stanford University USA KELLER Claudia SWITZERLAND Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg GERMANY KENNEY Justin USA Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto CANADA KOIVOMAGI Mardo ESTONIA Stanford University USA KOJIMA Ryosuke JAPAN ETH Zurich, Basel SWITZERLAND KRZYZOSIAK Agnieszka POLAND MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK KULMUNI Jonna FINLAND University of Sheffield UK LAI Alvina MALAYSIA University of Oxford UK LAMPERT Fabienne AUSTRIA Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich SWITZERLAND LI Ying CHINA Harvard University, Cambridge USA LUDIN TAL Aya ISRAEL Harvard University, Cambridge USA MALINAUSKAS Tomas LITHUANIA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory USA MATHIESON Iain UK Harvard Medical School, Boston USA MERSCH Danielle LUXEMBOURG MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge UK MIERMONT Agnes FRANCE University College London UK MIKUNI Takayasu JAPAN Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter USA NAOR Adit ISRAEL Stanford University USA NORA Elphege FRANCE University of California, San Francisco USA PAUL Petra AUSTRIA University of Zurich SWITZERLAND PENNEY Jay CANADA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA PESCHEK Jirka GERMANY University of California, San Francisco USA PETZOLD Georg GERMANY Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel SWITZERLAND RAAB Matthew USA Institut Curie, Paris FRANCE RAI Arpan Kumar INDIA University of Zurich SWITZERLAND RIGLAR David AUSTRALIA Harvard Medical School, Boston USA ROSENTAL Benyamin ISRAEL Stanford University USA RUBINO Stephen CANADA Harvard Medical School, Boston USA SAGNER Andreas Martin GERMANY MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London UK SAITO Yasuhiro JAPAN The University of Health Network, Toronto CANADA SANVISENS DELGADO Nerea SPAIN University of California, San Francisco USA SCHROEDER Bjoern Ole GERMANY University of Gothenburg SWEDEN SHEFFER Michal ISRAEL Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston USA SHEFFIELD Nathan USA Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna AUSTRIA STELZER Yonatan ISRAEL MIT / Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge USA STERN Shay ISRAEL The Rockefeller University, New York USA VINCK Martin THE NETHERLANDS Yale University, New Haven USA WABNIK Krzysztof POLAND University of California, San Diego USA WARTLICK Ortrud GERMANY University College London UK WILSON Marcus UK Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto CANADA WOLFF Steffen GERMANY Harvard University, Cambridge USA XIOL Jordi SPAIN Harvard Medical School, Boston USA YAMAGISHI Yuya JAPAN The Rockefeller University, New York USA YONA Avihu ISRAEL Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA ZABALLA Maria Eugenia ARGENTINA Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne SWITZERLAND ZEISEL Amit ISRAEL Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SWEDEN

— 76 — 2. Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships

Name Nationality Host institute Host country

BAKER Michael UK Stanford University USA BEN-SASSON Ariel ISRAEL University of Washington, Seattle USA BITTIHN Philip GERMANY University of California, San Diego USA BREA FERNÁNDEZ Roberto SPAIN University of California, San Diego USA DAS Manasmita INDIA University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill USA EREZ Amir GERMANY/ISRAEL Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York USA FUERTHAUER Sebastian AUSTRIA New York University USA KUANG Yi CHINA Kyoto University JAPAN SENGUPTA Anupam INDIA Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge USA TOUTI Fayçal FRANCE/MOROCCO Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston USA WANG Yong CHINA University of Toronto CANADA

4These awards were initiated during FY 2014. For a list of fellowships awarded in 2015, see the HFSP web site (http://www.hfsp.org/).

.5 CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARDS MADE IN 20145

Name Nationality Institute of CDA Country of CDA

BELL Stan Oliver GERMANY IMBA - Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Vienna AUSTRIA BRUGUES FERRE Jan SPAIN Max Planck Institute for Physics and Complex Systems, Dresden GERMANY DELERIS Angélique FRANCE Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris FRANCE KELLER Georg SWITZERLAND Friedrich-Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel SWITZERLAND KIYOMITSU Tomomi JAPAN Nagoya University, Nagoya JAPAN KLINGE Sebastian GERMANY The Rockefeller University, New York USA MIZUMOTO Kota JAPAN University of British Columbia, Vancouver CANADA OURY Franck FRANCE Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris FRANCE REICHMANN Dana ISRAEL The Hebrew University, Jerusalem ISRAEL STERN-GINOSSAR Noam ISRAEL The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot ISRAEL VAN DEN BOGAART Geert THE NETHERLANDS Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen THE NETHERLANDS VAN ZON Jeroen THE NETHERLANDS FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam THE NETHERLANDS ZANIC Marija CROATIA/USA Vanderbilt University, Nashville USA

5These awards were initiated during FY 2014. For a list of CDAs awarded in 2015, see the HFSP web site (http://www.hfsp.org/).

— 77 — Predicting cell type-specific signaling pathway response SHERWOOD Richard, USA HO Joshua, Australia .6 Beyond simple choices : computational and neuronal mechanisms for complex spatial RESEARCH GRANTS behaviors 6 VAN DER MEER Matthijs, (The Netherlands), Canada AWARDED IN 2014 KEMERE Caleb, USA PEZZULO Giovanni, Italy

Note that nationality is given in brackets if different Wireless optogenetic interrogation of non- from country of laboratory image forming photoreceptor function by Nano- antennae 1. YOUNG INVESTIGATORS XIANG Yang, (China), USA HAN Gang, (China), USA A control systems approach to understanding brain XUE Tian, China and behavior BIZLEY Jennifer, UK FROHLICH Flavio, (Switzerland), USA 2. PROGRAM GRANTS

An extracellular RNAi pathway as a mechanism of Probing and controlling single neuron synaptic parasite-host communication function in the brain with light, intrabodies and BUCK Amy, UK sensors ABREU-GOODGER Cei, Mexico ARNOLD Don, USA CLAYCOMB Julie, (USA), Canada DE KONINCK Yves, Canada GRIESBECK Oliver, Germany Nucleoid proteins and DNA structure, global regulation of the bacterial transcription network Molecular mechanisms and epigenetic control of (renewal) beneficial transposons: lessons from ciliates COSENTINO LAGOMARSINO Marco, (Italy), France BARABAS Orsolya, (Hungary), Germany CICUTA Pietro, (Italy), UK LANDWEBER Laura, USA DORFMAN Kevin, USA SCLAVI Bianca, (Italy), France Single-molecule studies of ribosome assembly: coupling transcription and assembly Understanding emergence and loss of synchrony in BOCKELMANN Ulrich, (Germany), France excitable tissues using nanomechanical biosensors NIERHAUS Knud, Germany FEINBERG Adam, USA PETERMAN Erwin, The Netherlands VAN DER MEER Peter, The Netherlands UEDA Takuya, Japan

Development of brain mechanisms underlying Deciphering non-coding RNA regulatory networks speech preference in infants: is speech special? and their role in cancer cell biology GEFFEN Maria, USA BROWN Brian, (Canada), USA GERVAIN Judit, (Hungary), France BOZZONI Irene, Italy PANDOLFI Pier Paolo, (Italy), USA Real-time imaging of fast conformational RAJEWSKY Nikolaus, Germany dynamics of ion channel gating with plasmonic nano-antennas Understanding the human microbiome: structure- RICHARDS Christopher, USA function feedback in polymicrobial micro-colonies KURATA Harley, Canada BROWN Sam, UK VOSCH Tom, (Belgium), Denmark WHITELEY Marvin, USA

Modeling information flow between tissues during Oxidized lipidome : the unspoken language of metabolic adaptation and dysfunction non-apoptotic cell death RUAS Jorge, (Portugal), Sweden CONRAD Marcus, Germany TEIXEIRA Ana, (Portugal), Sweden KAGAN Valerian, USA VEGIOPOULOS Alexandros, Germany KLEIN-SEETHARAMAN Judith, (USA), UK WU Jun, (China), USA URSINI Fulvio, Italy

— 78 — Unfolding the principles of genome folding and Frontal neuronal language networks through dynamics in bacteria primate evolution DAME Remus Thei, The Netherlands PETRIDES Michael, Canada GRAINGER David, UK HOPKINS William, USA HEERMANN Dieter, Germany PROCYK Emmanuel, France JENSEN Grant J., USA An engineering approach to understand local A neural circuit approach to cognition and its translation in cell-fate decisions limits in microbrains SAITO Hirohide, Japan GIURFA Martin, (Argentina), France GUEROUI Zoher, France CHITTKA Lars, (Germany), UK WANG Dan Ohtan, Japan RIFFELL Jeffrey, USA The development of the C. elegans nervous system Optomechanics : a novel approach for studying the at synaptic resolution actomyosin cell cortex at multiple scales SAMUEL Aravinthan, USA GRILL Stephan, Germany BESSEREAU Jean-Louis, France BRYANT Zev, USA LICHTMAN Jeff W., USA YAP Alpha, Australia ZHEN Mei, Canada

Crossing the ultimate tipping point : predicting Quantitative structure-function analysis of death in C. elegans cerebral cortex assembly at clonal level KAMMENGA Jan E., The Netherlands SHI Song-Hai, (China), USA ALLESINA Stefano, (Italy), USA HIPPENMEYER Simon, (Switzerland), Austria HUANG Kun, (China), USA Dissecting the mechanochemistry of membrane SIMONS Benjamin, UK invagination with designer DNA-based probes KRISHNAN Yamuna, India* A psychophysical and neuroengineering approach BATHE Mark, USA to human magnetoreception IPSEN John, Denmark SHIMOJO Shinsuke, (Japan), USA JOHANNES Ludger, (Germany), France KIRSCHVINK Joseph, USA MATANI Ayumu, Japan Mechanosensation : from the periphery to the brain and back Sensors and modulators of autophagy networks LÓPEZ-SCHIER Hérnan, (Argentina), Germany in vivo ELGOYHEN Ana Belen, Argentina SIDHU Sachdev, Canada ENGERT Florian, (Germany), USA DIKIC Ivan, (Croatia), Germany KOMATSU Masaaki, Japan Adapting metazoan opsins for optogenetic SANDER Chris, (Germany), USA applications LUCAS Robert, UK Probabilistic computation of location in the rodent SCHERTLER Gebhard F.X., (Austria), Switzerland and human hippocampus TERAKITA Akihisa, Japan WOLBERS Thomas, Germany FIETE Ila, USA Mitochondrial G Protein signaling in astrocytes : a NOLAN Matthew, UK new player in the tripartite synapse MARSICANO Giovanni, (Italy), France Sensory-motor integration in cerebrospinal fluid ARAQUE Alfonso, Spain* contacting neurons HIRASE Hajime, Japan WYART Claire, (USA), France MCDAID Liam, (Ireland), UK DELMAS Patrick, France LEWIS Katharine, (UK), USA Using experiment, simulation, and theory to understand social evolution in yeast and bacteria Bridge over troubled synapses : synthetic MURRAY Andrew, USA extracellular protein scaffolds for neuronal NELSON David R., USA connectivity TADDEI François, France YUZAKI Michisuke, Japan ARICESCU Alexandru, UK DITYATEV Alexander, (Russia), Germany

6These awards were initiated during FY 2014. For a list of the Research Grants awarded in 2015, see the HFSP web site (http://www.hfsp.org/). *Moved to another country after the application

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HFSPO Registre des Associations de Strasbourg Volume 58 - Folio 99 Achevé d’imprimé en juin deux mille quinze sur les presses de Faber

The International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) 12 quai Saint Jean BP 10034 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 e-mail : [email protected] Web site : www.hfsp.org Japanese web site : http://jhfsp.jsf.or.jp

HFSP thanks Sandro Weltin (pp. 10, 12, 15, 17, 27, 39, 55), Isabelle Coquard (p. 43), Jérôme Dorkel / Strasbourg Eurométropole (p. 43), Pete Kiehart (p. 25), Emanuele Reguzzoni (pp. 41, 42, 44) for supplementary photos in addition to those provided by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore (p. 9), Salvatore Oliviero (p. 14), Vidita Vaidya (p. 22), Wendy Suzuki (p. 37), James Collins (p. 40) and shutterstock - Sanjatosi, Luca_Luppi, pockygallery, doodko. Illustrations, including the cover page, are on the theme of coloured water droplets. organizations following the of support the for grateful is HFSPO Acknowledgements European Commission - Directorate General Research (DG RESEARCH) RESEARCH) (DG Research General -Directorate Commission European European Union (NSERC) Council Research Engineering and Sciences Natural (CIHR) Research Health of Institute Canadian Canada (NHMRC) Council Research Medical and Health National Australia National Science Foundation (NSF) Foundation Science National (NIH) Health of Institutes National America of States United (MRC) Council Research Medical Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) United Kingdom (SERI) Innovation and Research Education, for Secretariat State Switzerland (NRF) Singapore of Foundation Research National Singapore (RCN) Norway of Council Research Norway (HRC) Zealand New of Council Research Health Zealand New (MSIP) Planning Future and ICT Science, of Ministry Korea of Republic (MEXT) Technology and Science Sports, Culture, Education, of Ministry Economy, (METI) Trade of Industry and Ministry Japan Research and University Education, of Ministry Italy Technology and Science of Ministry (DBT), Biotechnology of Department India (BMBF) Research and Education of Ministry Federal Germany Alsace Région (MESR) Recherche la de et Supérieur l’Enseignement de Ministère Eurométropole Strasbourg France

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Science Program Organization (HFSPO) Japanese web site: http://jhfsp.jsf.or.jp The International Human Frontier 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX - France 12 quai Saint Jean - BP 10034 Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 Web site: www.hfsp.org e-mail: [email protected]

ANNUAL REPORT 2014