Consciousness, Accessibility, and the Mesh Between Psychology and Neuroscience
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Dehaene Et Al (2008)
Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures Stanislas Dehaene, et al. Science 320, 1217 (2008); DOI: 10.1126/science.1156540 The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 6, 2008 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online version of this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217 Supporting Online Material can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217/DC1 This article cites 24 articles, 4 of which can be accessed for free: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217#otherarticles Information about obtaining reprints of this article or about obtaining permission to reproduce this article in whole or in part can be found at: on June 6, 2008 http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl www.sciencemag.org Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Science is a registered trademark of AAAS. REPORTS Before formal schooling, Western children may Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the acquire the number-line concept from Arabic nu- merals seen on elevators, rulers, books, etc. Thus, Number Scale in Western and existing studies do not reveal which aspects of the number-space mapping constitute a basic in- tuition that would continue to exist in the absence Amazonian Indigene Cultures of a structured mathematical language and educa- 1,2,3,4 1,2,4,5 5 6 tion. -
What Is Wrong with the No-Report Paradigm and How to Fix It Ned Block New York University Correspondence: [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PhilPapers Forthcoming in Trends in Cognitive Sciences What is wrong with the no-report paradigm and how to fix it Ned Block New York University Correspondence: [email protected] Key words: consciousness, perception, rivalry, frontal, global workspace, higher order Abstract Is consciousness based in prefrontal circuits involved in cognitive processes like thought, reasoning, and memory or, alternatively, is it based in sensory areas in the back of the neocortex? The no-report paradigm has been crucial to this debate because it aims to separate the neural basis of the cognitive processes underlying post-perceptual decision and report from the neural basis of conscious perception itself. However, the no-report paradigm is problematic because, even in the absence of report, subjects might engage in post-perceptual cognitive processing. Therefore, to isolate the neural basis of consciousness, a no-cognition paradigm is needed. Here, I describe a no-cognition approach to binocular rivalry and outline how this approach can help resolve debates about the neural basis of consciousness. Acknowledgement: Thanks to Jan Brascamp, Susan Carey, Thomas Carlson, David Carmel, David Chalmers, Christof Koch, Hakwan Lau, Matthias Michel, Michael Pitts, Dawid Potgieter and Giulio Tononi for comments on an earlier version. What is the Neural Basis of Consciousness? In recent years the scientific study of consciousness (see Glossary) has focused on finding the neural basis of consciousness in the brain. There are many theories of the neural basis of consciousness, but in broad strokes theories tend to divide on whether consciousness is rooted in the ‘front’ or the ‘back’ of the brain. -
Predestination As a Motif in Faulkner's Light in August Virginia A
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 1976 Predestination as a Motif in Faulkner's Light in August Virginia A. Riegel Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in English at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Riegel, Virginia A., "Predestination as a Motif in Faulkner's Light in August" (1976). Masters Theses. 3441. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/3441 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PAPER CERTIFICATE #2 TO: Graduate Degree Candidates who have written formal theses. SUBJECT: Permission to reproduce theses. The University Library is receiving a number of requests from other institutions asking permission to reproduce dissertations for inclusion in their library holdings. Although no copyright laws are involved, we feel that professional courtesy demands that permission be obtained from the author before we allow theses to be copied. Please sign one of the following statements: Booth Library of Eastern Illinois University has my permission to lend my thesis to a reputable college or university for the purpose of copying it for inclusion in that institution's library or research holdings • . 11 I respectfully request Booth Library of .Eastern Illinois University not allow my thesis be reproduced because---------------- Date Author pdm Predestination as a Motif in Faulkner' s Light in August (TITLE) BY Virginia A. Riegel- B.S. -
2010 Program Meeting Schedule
Vision Sciences Society 10th Annual Meeting, May 7-12, 2010 Naples Grande Resort & Club, Naples, Florida Program Contents Board, Review Committee & Staff . 2 Satellite Events. 22 Keynote Address . 3 Club Vision Dance Party. 22 Meeting Schedule . 4 Open House . 23 Schedule-at-a-Glance . 6 Member-Initiated Symposia . 24 Poster Schedule . 8 Friday Sessions . 29 Talk Schedule . 10 Saturday Sessions . 33 Young Investigator Award . 11 Sunday Sessions . 43 Abstract Numbering System. 11 Monday Sessions . 53 VSS Dinner and Demo Night . 12 Tuesday Sessions . 58 VSS Public Lecture . 15 Wednesday Sessions . 68 VSS at ARVO . 15 Topic Index. 71 Attendee Resources . 16 Author Index . 74 Exhibitors . 19 Hotel Floorplan . 86 Travel Awards . 21 Advertisements. 89 Board, Review Committee & Staff Board of Directors Abstract Review Committee Tony Movshon (2011), President David Alais Laurence Maloney New York University Marty Banks Ennio Mingolla Pascal Mamassian (2012), President Elect Irving Biederman Cathleen Moore CNRS & Université Paris 5 Geoff Boynton Shin’ya Nishida Eli Brenner Tony Norcia Bill Geisler (2010), Past President Angela Brown Aude Oliva University of Texas, Austin David Burr Alice O’Toole Marisa Carrasco (2012), Treasurer Patrick Cavanagh John Reynolds New York University Marvin Chun Anna Roe Barbara Dosher (2013) Jody Culham Brian Rogers University of California, Irvine Greg DeAngelis Jeff Schall James Elder Brian Scholl Karl Gegenfurtner (2013) Steve Engel David Sheinberg Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Germany Jim Enns Daniel Simons -
Consciousness, Philosophical Issues About Ned Block New York University I
To appear in The Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science Consciousness, Philosophical Issues about Ned Block New York University I. The Hard Problem There are a number of different matters that come under the heading of ‘consciousness’. One of them is phenomenality, the feeling of say a sensation of red or a pain, that is what it is like to have such a sensation or other experience. Another is reflection on phenomenality. Imagine two infants, both of which have pain, but only one of which has a thought about that pain. Both would have phenomenal states, but only the latter would have a state of reflexive consciousness. This entry will start with phenomenality, moving later to reflexivity and then to one other kind of consciousness. The Hard Problem of consciousness is how to explain a state of consciousness in terms of its neurological basis. If neural state N is the neural basis of the sensation of red, why is N the basis of that experience rather than some other experience or none at all? Chalmers (1996) distinguishes between the Hard Problem and “easy” problems that concern the function of consciousness. The Hard Problem (though not under that name) was identified by Nagel (1974) and further analyzed in Levine (1983). There are two reasons for thinking that the Hard Problem has no solution. 1. Actual Failure. In fact, no one has been able to think of even a highly speculative answer. 2. Principled Failure. The materials we have available seem ill suited to providing an answer. As Nagel says, an answer to this question would seem to require an objective account that necessarily leaves out the subjectivity of what it is trying to explain. -
The Ukrainian Weekly 1986
Іі$Ье(і by the Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal non-profit association! ШrainianWeekl v ; Vol. LIV No. 34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 24, 1986 25 cents Clandestine sources dispute Israel indirectly approaches USSR official Chornobyl information for help in Demjanjuk prosecution ELLICOTT CITY, Md. — The first For unexplained reasons, foreign JERSEY CITY, N.J. — Israeli offi- The card, which was used in the samvydav information has reached the radio broadcasts were difficult to pick cials have reportedly indirectly ap- United States by the Office of Special West about the accident at the Chor- up and understand within a 30-kilo- proached the Soviet Union for assis- Investigations in its proceedings against nobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine in meter radius of the Chornobyl plant. tance in their case against John Dem- Mr. Demjanjuk, has been the subject of late April. This information disputes Thus, many listeners could not take ad- janjuk, the former Cleveland auto- much controversy. The Demjanjuk many pronouncements by the Soviet vantage of the news and advice broad- worker suspected of being "Ivan the defense contends it is a fraud and that government, reported Smoloskyp, a cast from abroad. Terrible," a guard at the Treblinka there is evidence the card was altered. quarterly published here. Although tens of thousands of death camp known for his brutality. In fact, Mark O'Connor, Mr. Dem- Following is Smoloskyp's story on school-age children were sent from Kiev The Jerusalem Post reported on janjuk's lawyer, had told The Weekly the new samvydav information. to camps on the Black Sea early, pre- August 18 that State Attorney Yona earlier this year that the original ID card According to these underground school children — who are most threat- Blattman had reportedly asked an was never examined by forensic experts. -
And Solidarity
Contingency,rencYrlfooY, andsolidarity RICHARD RORTY U niaersityProfessor of Hamanities, Uniaersityof Virginia ry,,,*-_qCaUBRTDGE WP uNrvERsrrY PREss Published by the PressSyndicarc of dre University of Cambridge The Pitt Building Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 IRP 40 Vest 20th Suect, New York, NY 10011-4211,USA l0 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia @ Cambridgc University Press1989 First published 1989 Reprinted 1989 (thrice), 1990, l99l (cwice), 1992, 1993, 1994, r995 Printed in the United Sratesof America Library of Congess Catdoging-in-Publication Daa is available British Library Cataloging in Publication applied for ISBN0-521 -3538r -5 hardback ISBN0-52 I -1678l -6 paperback In memory of six liberals: my parentsand grandparents The agdlasrer lRabelais's word for those who do not laughJ, the non- thought of received ideas, and kitsch are one and the same, the three- headed enemy of the art born as the echo of God's laughter, the art that created the fascinating imaginative realm where no one owns the truth and everyone has the right to be understood. That imaginative realm of tolerance was born with modern Europe, it is the very image of Europe- of at least our dream of Europe, a dream many times betrayed but nonetheless strong enough to unite us all in the fraternity that stretches far beyond the little European continent. But we know that the wodd where the individual is respected (the imaginative world of the novel, and the real one of Europe) is fragile and perishable. if European culture seems under threat today, if the threat from within and without hangs over what is most precious about it - its respect for the individual, for his original thought, and for his right to an inviolable private life - then, I believe, that precious essenceof the European spirit is being held safe as in a treasure chest inside the history of the novel, the wisdom of the novel. -
The Mystery of David Chalmers
Daniel C. Dennett The Mystery of David Chalmers 1. Sounding the Alarm ‘The Singularity’ is a remarkable text, in ways that many readers may not appreciate. It is written in an admirably forthright and clear style, and is beautifully organized, gradually introducing its readers to the issues, sorting them carefully, dealing with them all fairly and with impressive scholarship, and presenting the whole as an exercise of sweet reasonableness, which in fact it is. But it is also a mystery story of sorts, a cunningly devised intellectual trap, a baffling puzzle that yields its solution — if that is what it is (and that is part of the mystery) — only at the very end. It is like a ‘well made play’ in which every word by every character counts, retrospectively, for something. Agatha Christie never concocted a tighter funnel of implications and suggestions. Bravo, Dave. Copyright (c) Imprint Academic 2013 So what is going on in this essay? It purports to be about the pros- pects of the Singularity, and since I can count on readers of my essay For personal use only -- not for reproduction to have read Chalmers, I needn’t waste so much as a sentence on what that is or might be. See Chalmers (2010). I confess that I was initially repelled by the prospect of writing a commentary on this essay since I have heretofore viewed the Singularity as a dismal topic, involving reflections on a technological fantasy so far removed from actuality as to be an indulgence best resisted. Life is short, and there are many serious problems to think about. -
Advertisement for a Semantics for Psychology
MIDWEST STUDIES IN PHILOSOPHY, X (1986) Advertisement for a Semantics for Psychology NED BLOCK eaning is notoriously vague. So, it should not be surprising that se- Mmanticists (those who study meaning) have had somewhat different purposes in mind, and thus have sharpened the ordinary concept of meaning in somewhat different ways. It is a curious and unfortunate fact that semanti- cists typically tell us little about what aspects of meaning they are and are not attempting to deal with. One is given little guidance as to what extent “rival” research programs actually disagree. My purpose here is to advocate an approach to semantics relevant to the foundations of psychology, or, rather, one approach to one branch of psychology, namely cognitive science. I shall be tallung in terms of some of the leading ideas of cognitive science, most importantly the representational theory of mind, aspects of which will be sketched as they become relevant.’ The representalist doctrine that my argument depends on is that thoughts are structured entities. I know this will be a sticking point for some readers, so I will say a bit more about what this comes to, and I will compare my position with related positions that reject it. My strategy will be to begin with some desiderata. These desiderata vary along many dimensions: how central they are to meaning, how psycho- logically oriented they are, how controversial they are. I will argue that one approach to semantics (not to keep you in suspense-conceptual role seman- tics) promises to handle such desiderata better than the others that I know about. -
39 Silent Killers of Your Fantasy Draft
SPECIAL REPORT Copyright © 2018, The Shandler Company, LLC 39 Silent Killers of your Fantasy Draft ME: As you get ready for the upcoming fantasy baseball season, there is something you need to know. YOU: What? Who, me? Yes, you. No matter how long you've been playing this game, there are dozens of deliberate and subconscious pitfalls you've been stumbling into each year. I've been playing fantasy baseball for over 30 years, and frankly, sometimes I can't help myself but make the same mistakes over and over again, too. But these are not just random mistakes – they are silent draft killers – and they affect our ability to evaluate players and plan our rosters. In many cases, we don't even realize what we're doing wrong, but our success depends on it. So I thought you should know about them. Are you saying that I'm a crappy fantasy player? No, no. Unless you are winning every year, you are like most everyone else, and we all tend to get pulled in. But it's good to be aware of these silent killers so you can work to overcome them. I count 39 of them. 39? That's a lot. Seriously? Hear me out. I'll even keep count for you. In General We all know that baseball lends itself to analysis. The result of each at-bat is an individual event that can be measured. But this measurement is always after the fact. We can count how many home runs a player hits, but that is only after he's hit them. -
Jean-Pierre G. Changeux
EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Marina Bentivoglio Larry F. Cahill Stanley Finger Duane E. Haines Louise H. Marshall Thomas A. Woolsey Larry R. Squire (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 4 Edited by Larry R. Squire ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Copyright 9 byThe Society for Neuroscience All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting "Customer Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions." Academic Press An imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http ://www.academicpress.com Academic Press 84 Theobald's Road, London WC 1X 8RR, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003 111249 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-660246-8 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 04 05 06 07 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Per Andersen 2 Mary Bartlett Bunge 40 Jan Bures 74 Jean Pierre G. Changeux 116 William Maxwell (Max) Cowan 144 John E. Dowling 210 Oleh Hornykiewicz 240 Andrew F. -
SCIENCE and SUSTAINABILITY Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and Its Environment
EM AD IA C S A C I A E PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM ACTA 24 I N C T I I F A I R T V N Edited by Werner Arber M O P Joachim von Braun Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo SCIENCE and SUSTAINABILITY Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and Its Environment Plenary Session | 25-29 November 2016 Casina Pio IV | Vatican City LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY 2020 Science and Sustainability. Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and its Environment Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Acta 24 The Proceedings of the Plenary Session on Science and Sustainability. Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and its Environment 25-29 November 2016 Edited by Werner Arber Joachim von Braun Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo EX AEDIBVS ACADEMICIS IN CIVITATE VATICANA • MMXX The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pas.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-7761-113-0 © Copyright 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY The climate is a common good, belonging to all and meant for all.