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PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

PEOPLE ALMOST MENTIONED IN WALDEN:

JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH VON SCHILLER

“NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY

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THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1759

November 10, Saturday: Friedrich Schiller was born in Marbach in the little duchy of Würtemberg, Germany, the son of an army officer. He would be forced by the Duke of Würtemberg to enter a military academy. Becoming depressed, he would attempt to cope with this through the composition of morbid poetry.

NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT

The People of Walden “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1781

A military cadet, Friedrich Schiller, to cope with his depression, was authoring a play, (DIE RÄUBER, 1781-1782). When Schiller’s writings would be discovered by his superiors, the cadet would be forbidden to write and would desert, fleeing to Mannheim and living there under an assumed name while beginning to make his living as a court playwright and stage manager. During this period after his desertion, he would pen such plays as FIESKO (1783), KABALE UND LIEBE (, 1784), and , INFANT V. SPANIEN (1787).

LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD.

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THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1787

During a period of his life beginning at this point and continuing into 1798, the German playwright Friedrich Schiller would be creating no plays, for he would be devoting himself instead to the preparation of historical studies such as THE REVOLT OF THE NETHERLANDS and A HISTORY OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR.

THE FUTURE CAN BE EASILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT

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THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1793

Friedrich Schiller imagined a third reich (drittes Reich) to be known as “the aesthetic state” in which humankind is “released from all that might be called constraint” by Beauty, and through Beauty is able to make its way to Freedom. Yeah, sure, that’s quite a formula, let’s run it up the flagpole and see if anyone salutes!

DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD.

The People of Walden “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1794

Friedrich Schiller established a close friendship with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Under Goethe’s influence, Schiller would quickly return to playwriting and, during the period that followed, would be composing WALLENSTEIN’S CAMP (1798), THE PICCOLOMINI (1799), WALLENSTEIN’S DEATH (1799), (1800), THE MAID OF ORLEANS (1801), and (1804).

Upon joining the circle persuaded Goethe to begin his study of comparative anatomy, Goethe recommended his new friend Schiller for professor of history at the University of Jena, and Schiller authored his “” (An die Freude) — which is now the union song of the new European Union.

August 23, Sunday: Friedrich Schiller wrote a now-famous letter in which he insightfully described the spirit of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as the spirit of a naïf who was aware of and determined to preserve his own naivété. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1795

Friedrich Schiller was publishing his young friend and ally Alexander von Humboldt’s allegorical essay “The Vital Force: or, the Rhodian Genius” in the Die Hören journal he would be putting out from this point into 1797.

In this year Friedrich Schiller’s “The Veiled Statue at Sais” sponsored typical 18th-Century philosophical resignation of the “presume not to scan” variety. The poem is based upon a transcription from an Egyptian temple devoted to Isis at the dividing line on the Nile between upper and lower Egypt, at the city of Sais, in which there is an inscription warning against attempts to look upon divinity naked: “I am all that has been, and is, and shall be, and my peplum [this was a loosely draped body covering held by shoulder pins, a normal form of female attire] no mortal has withdrawn.” (In the divinity legend, Isis had veiled herself when she sneaked into the palace to reassemble the parts of her dismembered husband.) The moral that is drawn is that we are simply to admire the works of God, rather than have the presumption to suppose we might be able to understand them. This attitude taken by Schiller in this poem is congruent with the general attitude of German Romanticism, which he would adopt in his LETTERS ON AESTHETIC EDUCATION, in which he would berate philosophy and natural philosophy for their attempts to make rents in the necessary veil surrounding Truth. This, we will find, is noncongruent with the attitude that Alexander von Humboldt, and Henry Thoreau, would take toward the lifting of the veil of Isis:

WALDEN: With a little more deliberation in the choice of their PEOPLE OF pursuits, all men would perhaps become students and observers, WALDEN for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike. In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident. The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision. No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed. That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.

ISIS EGYPT HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1797

Alexander von Humboldt reviewed a series of experiments he had been conducting with muscle tissue and electricity and concluded that he needed to give up on the conviction, common among the German Naturphilosophen, that a vital force or soul inhabited all organic matter and that therefore if nature could be comprehended this must be “apriori, by means of the intuition only, without scientific methodology.”1

This caused much Sturm und Drang in Humboldt’s relationship with Friedrich Schiller, who had published his young friend and ally’s allegorical essay “The Vital Force: or, the Rhodian Genius” in his Hören in 1795. Ever afterward, Humboldt would be deeply critical of the “neglect of available factual data in preference to wide speculation”2 exhibited by the German transcendentalists.

Friedrich Schlegel, in the first of his “Ideas,” disagreed with Schiller by suggesting “that the veil of Isis be torn, that the secrets be made public. He who cannot endure the sight of the goddess must flee or perish.” (“Die Foderungen und Spuren einer Moral, die mehr wäre als der praktische Teil der Philosophie, werden immer lauter und deutlicher. Sogar von Religion is schon die Rede. Es ist Zeit den Schleier der Isis zu zerreen, und das Geheime zu offenbaren. Wer den Anblick der Göttin nicht ertragen kann fliehe oder verderbe.”)

1. Nelkin 20. 2. Van Dusen 53. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Here is the Isis statue at the Vatican — and notice how she is attired:

WHAT I’M WRITING IS TRUE BUT NEVER MIND YOU CAN ALWAYS LIE TO YOURSELF

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THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1798

Friedrich Schiller’s WALLENSTEIN’S CAMP. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1799

In this year Friedrich Schiller took up residence in Weimar, where he and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe would collaborate to make the Weimar Theatre one of the most prestigious theatrical houses in Germany. He was creating his play THE PICCOLOMINI. The German playwright again, as he had in 1795 in his poem “The Veiled Statue at Sais,” asserted, in his THE WORDS OF ILLUSION, that “no mortal hand will lift the veil of truth.” This was typical Germano-Romantic philosophical resignation of the “presume not to scan” variety: we are simply to admire the works of God, rather than have the presumption to attempt to understand them. Philosophy and natural philosophy are simply wrong in their attempts to make rents in the necessary veil surrounding Truth. Needless to say, this was very much at odds with what we will find to be the attitude that Alexander von Humboldt, and Henry Thoreau, would take toward the lifting of the veil of Isis:

WALDEN: With a little more deliberation in the choice of their PEOPLE OF pursuits, all men would perhaps become students and observers, WALDEN for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike. In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident. The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision. No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed. That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.

ISIS EGYPT

CHANGE IS ETERNITY, STASIS A FIGMENT

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THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1800

Friedrich Schiller’s MARY STUART, and his tragic DEATH OF WALLENSTEIN:

… one evening the Professor came in to give Jo her lesson with a paper soldier cap on his head, which Tina had put there and he had forgotten to take off. “It’s evident he doesn’t look in his glass before coming down,” thought Jo, with a smile, as he said “Goot efening,” and sat soberly down, quite unconscious of the ludicrous contrast between his subject and his headgear, for he was going to read her the DEATH OF WALLENSTEIN. She said nothing at first, for she liked to hear him laugh out his big, hearty laugh when anything funny happened, so she left him to discover it for himself, and presently forgot all about it, for to hear a German read Schiller is rather an absorbing occupation. After the reading came the lesson, which was a lively one, for Jo was in a gay mood that night, and the cocked hat kept her eyes dancing with merriment. The Professor didn’t know what to make of her, and stopped at last to ask with an air of mild surprise that was irresistible,— “Mees Marsch, for what do you laugh in your master’s face? Haf you no respect for me, that you go on so bad?”

Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel, in the 1st of his “Ideas,” disagreed with Friedrich Schiller: “The calls for and even the beginnings of a morality are becoming increasingly obvious. Aldready there is talk even of religion. It’s time to tear away the veil of Isis and reveal the mystery. Whoever can’t endure the sight of the goddess let him flee or perish.” (“Die Foderungen und Spuren einer Moral, die mehr wäre als der praktische Teil der Philosophie, werden immer lauter und deutlicher. Sogar von Religion is schon die Rede. Es ist Zeit den Schleier der Isis zu zerreen, und das Geheime zu offenbaren. Wer den Anblick der Göttin nicht ertragen kann fliehe oder verderbe.”) HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1801

Friedrich Schiller’s THE MAID OF ORLEANS (DIE JUNGFRAU VON ORLEANS). HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1802

1802: Friedrich Schiller repeated in his poem “Kassandra” the idea he had been expressing at least since 1795, his idea that “error alone is life while knowledge is death”: Frommt’s, den Schleier aufzuheben, Wo das nahe Schrecknis droht? Nur der Irrtum ist das Leben, Und das Wissen ist der Tod. Henry Thoreau of course would not concur in this sort of German Transcendentalism:

WALDEN: With a little more deliberation in the choice of their PEOPLE OF pursuits, all men would perhaps become students and observers, WALDEN for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike. In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident. The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and ISIS still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision. No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed. That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.

ISIS EGYPT Georg Philipp Friedrich, Freiherr von Hardenberg (“Novalis”), in the 1st volume of the posthumous HISTORISCHE-KRITISCHE AUSGABE, or NOVALIS SCHRIFTEN, directly contradicted Schiller by declaring that “He who does not wish to lift the veil is no worthy disciple of Sais.” Thoreau would agree with Novalis and with Schlegel, not with Schiller: Die Lehrlinge zu Sais Mannichfache Wege gehen die Menschen. Wer sie verfolgt und vergleicht, wird wunderliche Figuren entstehen sehn; Figuren, die zu jener großen Chiffernschrift zu gehören scheinen, die man überall, auf Flügeln, Eierschalen, in Wolken, im Schnee, in Krystallen und in Steinbildungen, auf gefrierenden Wassern, im Innern und Äußern der Gebirge, der Pflanzen, der Thiere, der Menschen, in den Lichtern des Himmels, auf berührten und gestrichenen Scheiben von Pech und Glas, in den Feilspänen um den Magnet her, und sonderbaren Conjuncturen des Zufalls, erblickt.

In ihnen ahndet man den Schlüssel dieser Wunderschrift, die Sprachlehre derselben; allein die Ahndung will sich selbst in keine feste Formen fügen, HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

und scheint kein höherer Schlüssel werden zu wollen. Ein Alcahest scheint über die Sinne der Menschen ausgegossen zu seyn. Nur augenblicklich scheinen ihre Wünsche, ihre Gedanken sich zu verdichten. So entstehen ihre Ahndungen, aber nach kurzen Zeiten schwimmt alles wieder, wie vorher, vor ihren Blicken.

Von weitem hört‘ ich sagen: die Unverständlichkeit sey Folge nur des Unverstandes; dieser suche, was er habe, und also niemals weiter finden könnte. Man verstehe die Sprache nicht, weil sich die Sprache selber nicht verstehe, nicht verstehen wolle; die ächte Sanscrit spräche, um zu sprechen, weil Sprechen ihre Lust und ihr Wesen sey.

Nicht lange darauf sprach einer: Keiner Erklärung bedarf die heilige Schrift. Wer wahrhaft spricht, ist des ewigen Lebens voll, und wunderbar verwandt mit ächten Geheimnissen dünkt uns seine Schrift, denn sie ist ein Accord aus des Weltalls Symphonie.

Von unserm Lehrer sprach gewiß die Stimme, denn er versteht die Züge zu versammeln, die überall zerstreut sind. Ein eignes Licht entzündet sich in seinen Blicken, wenn vor uns nun die hohe Rune liegt, und er in unsern Augen späht, ob auch in uns aufgegangen ist das Gestirn, das die Figur sichtbar und verständlich macht. Sieht er uns traurig, daß die Nacht nicht weicht, tröstet er uns, und verheißt dem ämsigen, treuen Seher künftiges Glück.

Oft hat er uns erzählt, wie ihm als Kind der Trieb die Sinne zu üben, zu beschäftigen und zu erfüllen, keine Ruhe ließ. Den Sternen sah er zu und ahmte ihre Züge, ihre Stellungen Sande nach. In‘s Luftmeer sah er ohne Rast, und ward nicht müde seine Klarheit, seine Bewegungen, seine Wolken, seine Lichter zu betrachten. Er sammelte sich Steine, Blumen, Käfer aller Art, und legte sie auf mannichfache Weise sich in Reihen. Auf Menschen und auf Thiere gab er Acht, am Strand des Meeres saß er, suchte Muscheln. Auf sein Gemüth und seine Gedanken lauschte er sorgsam.

Er wußte nicht, wohin ihn seine Sehnsucht trieb.

Wie er größer ward, strich er umher, besah sich andre Länder, andre Meere, neue Lüfte, fremde Sterne, unbekannte Pflanzen, Thiere, Menschen, stieg in Höhlen, sah wie in Bänken und in bunten Schichten der Erde Bau vollführt war, und drückte Thon in sonderbare Felsenbilder.

Nun fand er überall Bekanntes wieder, nur wunderlich gemischt, gepaart, und also ordneten sich selbst in ihm oft seltsame Dinge. Er merkte bald auf die Verbindungen in allem, auf Begegnungen, Zusammentreffungen. Nun sah er bald nichts mehr allein. - In große bunte Bilder drängten sich die Wahrnehmungen seiner Sinne: er hörte, sah, tastete und dachte zugleich. Er freute sich, Fremdlinge zusammen zu bringen. Bald waren ihm die Sterne Menschen, bald die Menschen Sterne, die Steine Thiere, die Wolken Pflanzen, er spielte mit den Kräften und Erscheinungen, er wußte wo und wie er dies und jenes finden, und erscheinen lassen konnte, und griff so selbst in den Saiten nach Tönen und Gängen umher.

Was nun seitdem aus ihm geworden ist, thut er nicht kund. Er sagt uns, daß wir selbst, von ihm und eigner Lust geführt, entdecken würden, was mit ihm vorgegangen sey.

Mehrere von uns sind von ihm gewichen. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Sie kehrten zu ihren Eltern zurück und lernten ein Gewerbe treiben. Einige sind von ihm ausgesendet worden, wir wissen nicht wohin; er suchte sie aus. Von ihnen waren einige nur kurze Zeit erst da, die Andern länger.

Eins war ein Kind noch, es war kaum da, so wollte er ihm den Unterricht übergeben. Es hatte große dunkle Augen mit himmelblauem Grunde, wie Lilien glänzte seine Haut, und seine Locken wie lichte Wölkchen, wenn der Abend kommt. Die Stimme drang uns allen durch das Herz, wir hätten gern ihm unsere Blumen, Steine, Federn alles gern geschenkt. Es lächelte unendlich ernst, und uns ward seltsam wohl mit ihm zu Muthe. Einst wird es wiederkommen, sagte der Lehrer, und unter uns wohnen, dann hören die Lehrstunden auf. -

Einen schickte er mit ihm fort, der hat uns oft gedauert. Immer traurig sah er aus, lange Jahre war er hier, ihm glückte nichts, er fand nicht leicht, wenn wir Krystalle suchten oder Blumen. In die Ferne sah er schlecht, bunte Reihen gut zu legen wußte er nicht. Er zerbrach alles so leicht. Doch hatte keiner einen solchen Trieb und solche Lust am Sehn und Hören.

Seit einer Zeit, - vorher eh jenes Kind in unsern Kreis trat, - ward er auf einmal heiter und geschickt. Eines Tages war er traurig ausgegangen, er kam nicht wieder, und die Nacht brach ein. Wir waren seinetwegen sehr in Sorgen; auf einmal, wie des Morgens Dämmerung kam, hörten wir in einem nahen Haine seine Stimme. Er sang ein hohes, frohes Lied;wir wunderten uns alle; der Lehrer sah mit einem Blick nach Morgen, wie ich ihn wohl nie wieder sehen werde. In unsre Mitte trat er bald, und brachte, mit unaussprechlicher Seligkeit im Antlitz, ein unscheinbares Steinchen von seltsamer Gestalt. Der Lehrer nahm es in die Hand, und küßte ihn lange, dann sah er uns mit nassen Augen an und legte dieses Steinchen auf einen leeren Platz, der mitten unter andern Steinen lag, gerade wo wie Strahlen viele Reihen sich berührten. Ich werde dieser Augenblicke nie fortan vergessen. Uns war, als hätten wir im Vorübergehn eine helle Ahndung dieser wunderbaren Welt in unsern Seelen gehabt.

Auch ich bin ungeschickter als die Andern, und minder gern scheinen sich die Schätze der Natur von mir finden zu lassen. Doch ist der Lehrer mir gewogen, und läßt mich in Gedanken sitzen, wenn die Andern suchen gehn.

So wie dem Lehrer ist mir nie gewesen. Mich führt alles in mich selbst zurück. Was einmal die zweite Stimme sagte, habe ich wohl verstanden. Mich freuen die wunderlichen Haufen und Figuren in den Sälen, allein mir ist, als wären sie nur Bilder, Hüllen, Zierden, versammelt um ein göttlich Wunderbild, und dieses liegt mir immer in Gedanken. Sie such‘ ich nicht, in ihnen such‘ ich oft. Es ist, als sollten sie den Weg mir zeigen, wo in tiefem Schlaf die Jungfrau steht, nach der mein Geist sich sehnt.

Mir hat der Lehrer nie davon gesagt, auch ich kann ihm nichts anvertrauen, ein unverbrüchliches Geheimniß dünkt es mir. Gern hätt ich jenes Kind gefragt, in seinen Zügen fand ich Verwandtschaft; auch schien in seiner Nähe mir alles heller innerlich zu werden. Wäre es länger geblieben, sicherlich hätte ich mehr in mir erfahren. Auch wäre mir am Ende vielleicht der Busen offen, die Zunge frey geworden. Gern wär‘ ich auch mit ihm gegangen. Es kam nicht so. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Wie lang‘ ich hier noch bleibe, weiß ich nicht. Mir scheint es, als blieb‘ ich immer hier. Kaum wag‘ ich es mir selber zu gestehen, allein zu innig dringt sich mir der Glauben auf: einst find‘ ich hier, was mich beständig rührt; sie ist zugegen.

Wenn ich mit diesem Glauben hier umher gehe, so tritt mir alles in ein höher Bild, in eine neue Ordnung mir zusammen, und alle sind nach Einer Gegend hin gerichtet. Mir wird dann jedes so bekannt, so lieb; und was mir seltsam noch erschien und fremd, wird nun auf einmal wie ein Hausgeräth. Gerade diese Fremdheit ist mir fremd, und darum hat mich immer diese Sammlung zugleich entfernt und angezogen.

Den Lehrer kann und mag ich nicht begreifen. Er ist mir just so unbegreiflich lieb. Ich weiß es, er versteht mich, er hat nie gegen mein Gefühl und meinen Wunsch gesprochen. Vielmehr will er, daß wir den eignen Weg verfolgen, weil jeder neue Weg durch neue Länder geht, und jeder endlich zu diesen Wohnungen, zu dieser heiligen Heimath wieder führet.

Auch ich will also meine Figur beschreiben, und wenn kein Sterblicher, nach jener Inschrift dort, den Schleier hebt, so müssen wir Unsterbliche zu werden suchen; wer ihn nicht heben will, ist kein ächter Lehrling zu Sais. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1803

Friedrich Schiller’s DIE BRAUT VON MESSINA. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1804

Friedrich Schiller’s play WILLIAM TELL (WILHELM TELL) at Weimar, Germany. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Today, Schiller’s dramatic retelling of the legend of the Swiss daddy who risked the life of his kiddie is staged annually in Interlaken (Tellspiele) — and in addition in New Glarus, Wisconsin.

(The little illustration of the canal boat being pulled by horses, at the top of this undated “chapbook,” and the little illustration of the choo-choo pulling two carriages, at the bottom, give us some idea of the 1840s timeframe which it must first have been published.)

People still play around with this legend. For instance, on January 16, 2001, at a circus performance in Paris, HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Mme Cathy Jamet has been shot in the face by a crossbow arrow fired by her husband M Alain Jamet:

SCENE III: A meadow near Altdorf. Trees in the foreground. At the back of the stage a cap upon a pole. The prospect is bounded by the Bannberg, which is surmounted by a snow-capped mountain. FRIESSHARDT and LEUTHOLD on guard.

... [TELL enters with his crossbow, leading his son WALTER by the hand. They pass the hat without noticing it, and advance to the front of the stage.] WALTER (pointing to the Bannberg). Father, is’t true, that on the mountain there, The trees, if wounded with a hatchet, bleed? TELL. Who says so, boy? HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

WALTER. The master herdsman, father! He tells us there’s a charm upon the trees, And if a man shall injure them, the hand That struck the blow will grow from out the grave. TELL. There is a charm about them, that’s the truth. Dost see those glaciers yonder, those white horns, That seem to melt away into the sky? WALTER. They are the peaks that thunder so at night, And send the avalanches down upon us. TELL. They are; and Altdorf long ago had been Submerged beneath these avalanches’ weight, Did not the forest there above the town Stand like a bulwark to arrest their fall. WALTER (after musing a little). And are there countries with no mountains, father? TELL. Yes, if we travel downwards from our heights, And keep descending in the rivers’ courses, We reach a wide and level country, where Our mountain torrents brawl and foam no more, And fair, large rivers glide serenely on. All quarters of the heaven may there be scanned Without impediment. The corn grows there In broad and lovely fields, and all the land Is fair as any garden to the view.

WALTER. But, father, tell me, wherefore haste we not Away to this delightful land, instead Of toiling here, and struggling as we do? TELL. The land is fair and bountiful as Heaven; But they who till it never may enjoy The fruits of what they sow. WALTER. Live they not free, As you do, on the land their fathers left them? TELL. The fields are all the bishop’s or the king’s. WALTER. But they may freely hunt among the woods? TELL. The game is all the monarch’s--bird and beast. WALTER. But they, at least, may surely fish the streams? HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

TELL. Stream, lake, and sea, all to the king belong. WALTER. Who is this king, of whom they’re so afraid? TELL. He is the man who fosters and protects them. WALTER. Have they not courage to protect themselves? TELL. The neighbor there dare not his neighbor trust. WALTER. I should want breathing room in such a land, I’d rather dwell beneath the avalanches. TELL. ‘Tis better, child, to have these glacier peaks Behind one’s back than evil-minded men! [They are about to pass on.] WALTER. See, father, see the cap on yonder pole! TELL. What is the cap to us? Come, let’s be gone. [As he is going, FRIESSHARDT, presenting his pike, stops him. FRIESSHARDT. Stand, I command you, in the emperor’s name. TELL (seizing the pike). What would ye? Wherefore do ye stop my path? FRIESSHARDT. You’ve broke the mandate, and must go with us. LEUTHOLD. You have not done obeisance to the cap. TELL. Friend, let me go. FRIESSHARDT. Away, away to prison! WALTER. Father to prison! Help! [Calling to the side scene.] This way, you men! Good people, help! They’re dragging him to prison! [ROSSELMANN, the priest, and the SACRISTAN, with three other men, enter.] SACRISTAN. What’s here amiss? ROSSELMANN. Why do you seize this man? FRIESSHARDT. He is an enemy of the king--a traitor! TELL (seizing him with violence). A traitor, I! ROSSELMANN. Friend, thou art wrong. ‘Tis Tell, An honest man, and worthy citizen. WALTER (descries FURST, and runs up to him). Grandfather, help! they want to seize my father! ... HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

FRIESSHARDT (loudly). Riot! Insurrection, ho!

[Hunting horns without. WOMEN. The governor! FRIESSHARDT (raising his voice). Rebellion! Mutiny! STAUFFACHER. Roar, till you burst, knave! ROSSELMANN and MELCHTHAL. Will you hold your tongue? FRIESSHARDT (calling still louder). Help, help, I say, the servants of the law! FURST. The viceroy here! Then we shall smart for this! [Enter GESSLER on horseback, with a falcon on his wrist; RUDOLPH DER HARRAS, BERTHA, and RUDENZ, and a numerous train of armed attendants, who form a circle of lances around the whole stage.] HARRAS. Room for the viceroy! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

GESSLER. Drive the clowns apart. Why throng the people thus? Who calls for help? [General silence. Who was it? I will know. [FRIESSHARDT steps forward.] And who art thou? And why hast thou this man in custody? [Gives his falcon to an attendant. FRIESSHARDT. Dread sir, I am a soldier of your guard, And stationed sentinel beside the cap; This man I apprehended in the act Of passing it without obeisance due, So I arrested him, as you gave order, Whereon the people tried to rescue him. GESSLER (after a pause). And do you, Tell, so lightly hold your king, And me, who act as his vicegerent here, That you refuse the greeting to the cap I hung aloft to test your loyalty? I read in this a disaffected spirit. TELL. Pardon me, good my lord! The action sprung From inadvertence,--not from disrespect. Were I discreet, I were not William Tell. Forgive me now--I’ll not offend again. GESSLER (after a pause). I hear, Tell, you’re a master with the bow,-- And bear the palm away from every rival. WALTER. That must be true, sir! At a hundred yards He’ll shoot an apple for you off the tree. GESSLER. Is that boy thine, Tell? TELL. Yes, my gracious lord. GESSLER. Hast any more of them? TELL. Two boys, my lord. GESSLER. And, of the two, which dost thou love the most? TELL. Sir, both the boys are dear to me alike. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

GESSLER. Then, Tell, since at a hundred yards thou canst Bring down the apple from the tree, thou shalt Approve thy skill before me. Take thy bow-- Thou hast it there at hand--and make thee ready To shoot an apple from the stripling’s head! But take this counsel,--look well to thine aim, See that thou hittest the apple at the first, For, shouldst thou miss, thy head shall pay the forfeit. [All give signs of horror.] TELL. What monstrous thing, my lord, is this you ask? That I, from the head of mine own child!--No, no! It cannot be, kind sir, you meant not that-- God in His grace forbid! You could not ask A father seriously to do that thing! GESSLER. Thou art to shoot an apple from his head! I do desire--command it so. TELL. What, I! Level my crossbow at the darling head Of mine own child? No--rather let me die! GESSLER. Or thou must shoot, or with thee dies the boy. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

TELL. Shall I become the murderer of my child! You have no children, sir--you do not know The tender throbbings of a father’s heart. GESSLER. How now, Tell, so discreet upon a sudden I had been told thou wert a visionary,-- A wanderer from the paths of common men. Thou lovest the marvellous. So have I now Culled out for thee a task of special daring. Another man might pause and hesitate; Thou dashest at it, heart and soul, at once. BERTHA. Oh, do not jest, my lord, with these poor souls! See, how they tremble, and how pale they look, So little used are they to hear thee jest. GESSLER. Who tells thee that I jest? [Grasping a branch above his head.] Here is the apple. Room there, I say! And let him take his distance-- Just eighty paces-as the custom is Not an inch more or less! It was his boast, That at a hundred he could bit his man. Now, archer, to your task, and look you miss not! HARRAS: Heavens! this grows serious--down, boy, on your knees, And beg the governor to spare your life.

FURST (aside to MELCHTHAL, who can scarcely restrain his impatience). Command yourself--be calm, I beg of you! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

BERTHA (to the governor). Let this suffice you, sir! It is inhuman To trifle with a father’s anguish thus. Although this wretched man had forfeited Both life and limb for such a slight offence, Already has he suffered tenfold death. Send him away uninjured to his home; He’ll know thee well in future; and this hour He and his children’s children will remember. GESSLER. Open a way there--quick! Why this delay? Thy life is forfeited; I might despatch thee, And see I graciously repose thy fate Upon the skill of thine own practised hand. No cause has he to say his doom is harsh, Who’s made the master of his destiny. Thou boastest of thy steady eye. ‘Tis well! Now is a fitting time to show thy skill. The mark is worthy, and the prize is great. To hit the bull’s-eye in the target; that Can many another do as well as thou; But he, methinks, is master of his craft Who can at all times on his skill rely, Nor lets his heart disturb or eye or hand. FURST. My lord, we bow to your authority; But, oh, let justice yield to mercy here. Take half my property, nay, take it all, But spare a father this unnatural doom! WALTER. Grandfather, do not kneel to that bad man! Say, where am I to stand? I do not fear; My father strikes the bird upon the wing, And will not miss now when ‘twould harm his boy! STAUFFACHER. Does the child’s innocence not touch your heart? ROSSELMANN. Bethink you, sir, there is a God in heaven, To whom you must account for all your deeds. GESSLER (pointing to the boy). Bind him to yonder lime tree straight! WALTER. Bind me? No, I will not be bound! I will be still, Still as a lamb--nor even draw my breath! But if you bind me I cannot be still. Then I shall writhe and struggle with my bonds. HARRAS. But let your eyes at least be bandaged, boy! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

WALTER. And why my eyes? No! Do you think I fear An arrow from my father’s hand? Not I! I’ll wait it firmly, nor so much as wink! Quick, father, show them that thou art an archer! He doubts thy skill--he thinks to ruin us. Shoot then and hit though but to spite the tyrant! [He goes to the lime tree, and an apple is placed on his head.] MELCHTHAL (to the country people). What! Is this outrage to be perpetrated Before our very eyes? Where is our oath? STAUFFACHER. ‘Tis all in vain. We have no weapons here; And see the wood of lances that surrounds us! MELCHTHAL. Oh! would to heaven that we had struck at once! God pardon those who counselled the delay! GESSLER (to TELL). Now, to thy task! Men bear not arms for naught. ‘Tis dangerous to carry deadly weapons, And on the archer oft his shaft recoils. This right these haughty peasant-churls assume Trenches upon their master’s privileges. None should be armed but those who bear command. It pleases you wear the bow and bolt; Well, be it so. I will provide the mark. TELL (bends the bow and fixes the arrow). A lane there! Room! STAUFFACHER. What, Tell? You would--no, no! You shake--your hand’s unsteady--your knees tremble! TELL (letting the bow sink down). There’s something swims before mine eyes! WOMEN. Great Heaven! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

TELL. Release me from this shot! Here is my heart! [Tears open his breast.] Summon your troopers--let them strike me down! GESSLER. I do not want thy life, Tell, but the shot. Thy talent’s universal! Nothing daunts thee! Thou canst direct the rudder like the bow! Storms fright not thee when there’s a life at stake. Now, savior, help thyself, thou savest all! [TELL stands fearfully agitated by contending emotions, his hands moving convulsively, and his eyes turning alternately to the governor and heaven. Suddenly he takes a second arrow from his quiver and sticks it in his belt. The governor watches all these motions.] WALTER (beneath the lime tree). Come, father, shoot! I’m not afraid! TELL. It must be!

[Collects himself and levels the bow. RUDENZ (who all the while has been standing in a state of violent excitement, and has with difficulty restrained himself, advances). My lord, you will not urge this matter further. You will not. It was surely but a test. You’ve gained your object. Rigor pushed too far Is sure to miss its aim, however good, As snaps the bow that’s all too straightly bent. GESSLER. Peace, till your counsel’s asked for! RUDENZ. I will speak! Ay, and I dare! I reverence my king; But acts like these must make his name abhorred. He sanctions not this cruelty. I dare Avouch the fact. And you outstep your powers In handling thus an unoffending people. GESSLER. Ha! thou growest bold methinks! RUDENZ. I have been dumb To all the oppressions I was doomed to see. I’ve closed mine eyes that they might not behold them, Bade my rebellious, swelling heart be still, And pent its struggles down within my breast. But to be silent longer were to be A traitor to my king and country both. BERTHA (casting herself between him and the governor). Oh, heavens! you but exasperate his rage! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

RUDENZ. My people I forsook, renounced my kindred-- Broke all the ties of nature that I might Attach myself to you. I madly thought That I should best advance the general weal, By adding sinews to the emperor’s power. The scales have fallen from mine eyes--I see The fearful precipice on which I stand. You’ve led my youthful judgment far astray,-- Deceived my honest heart. With best intent, I had well nigh achieved my country’s ruin. GESSLER. Audacious boy, this language to thy lord? RUDENZ. The emperor is my lord, not you! I’m free As you by birth, and I can cope with you In every virtue that beseems a knight. And if you stood not here in that king’s name, Which I respect e’en where ‘tis most abused, I’d throw my gauntlet down, and you should give An answer to my gage in knightly fashion. Ay, beckon to your troopers! Here I stand; But not like these-- [Pointing to the people. unarmed. I have a sword, And he that stirs one step---- STAUFFACHER (exclaims). The apple’s down! [While the attention of the crowd has been directed to the spot where BERTHA had cast herself between RUDENZ and GESSLER, TELL has shot.]

ROSSELMANN. The boy’s alive! MANY VOICES. The apple has been struck! [WALTER FURST staggers, and is about to fall. BERTHA supports him.] GESSLER (astonished). How? Has he shot? The madman! BERTHA. Worthy father! Pray you compose yourself. The boy’s alive! WALTER (runs in with the apple). Here is the apple, father! Well I knew You would not harm your boy. [TELL stands with his body bent forwards, as though he would follow the arrow. His bow drops from his hand. When he sees the boy advancing, he hastens to meet him with open arms, and embracing him passionately sinks down with him quite exhausted. All crowd round them deeply affected.] BERTHA. Oh, ye kind heavens! FURST (to father and son). My children, my dear children! STAUFFACHER. God be praised! HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

LEUTHOLD. Almighty powers! That was a shot indeed! It will be talked of to the end of time. HARRAS. This feat of Tell, the archer, will be told While yonder mountains stand upon their base. [Hands the apple to GESSLER.] GESSLER. By heaven! the apple’s cleft right through the core. It was a master shot I must allow. ROSSELMANN. The shot was good. But woe to him who drove The man to tempt his God by such a feat! STAUFFACHER. Cheer up, Tell, rise! You’ve nobly freed yourself, And now may go in quiet to your home. ROSSELMANN. Come, to the mother let us bear her son! GESSLER. A word, Tell. [They are about to lead him off. TELL. Sir, your pleasure? GESSLER. Thou didst place A second arrow in thy belt--nay, nay! I saw it well--what was thy purpose with it? TELL (confused). It is the custom with all archers, sir. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

GESSLER. No, Tell, I cannot let that answer pass. There was some other motive, well I know. Frankly and cheerfully confess the truth;-- Whate’er it be I promise thee thy life, Wherefore the second arrow? TELL. Well, my lord, Since you have promised not to take my life, I will, without reserve, declare the truth. [He draws the arrow from his belt, and fixes his eyes sternly upon the governor.] If that my hand had struck my darling child, This second arrow I had aimed at you, And, be assured, I should not then have missed. GESSLER. Well, Tell, I promised thou shouldst have thy life; I gave my knightly word, and I will keep it. Yet, as I know the malice of thy thoughts, I will remove thee hence to sure confinement, Where neither sun nor moon shall reach thine eyes, Thus from thy arrows I shall be secure. Seize on him, guards, and bind him. [They bind him.] HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1805

May 9, Thursday: Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller died of tuberculosis at the age of 45 in Weimar, Germany.

The Portuguese regent Dom João rejected the French ultimatum of April 25th and redeclared his country’s neutrality.

Friend Stephen Wanton Gould wrote in his journal: 5 day 9 of 5 M 1805 / Our meeting was small & on some accounts a dull time to me, yet on observing several of my brethreren with very sleepy countenances, all the Zeal that I was possessed with was moved ————————————————————————— RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1817

Carl August Eschenmayer, in his PSYCHOLOGIE IN DREI THEILEN ALS EMPIRISCHE, REINE UND ANGEWANDTE, disagreed with Friedrich Schiller by suggesting that “The customary form of observation of nature is thoughtless and seems to expect that she will reveal her secrets all by herself. That is impossible, for the veil, the robe, is essential to her. Only the naïve (unbefangen) and chaste mind is granted the privilege of being allowed to lift the veil of Isis and to throw a glance into the mysteries. For the crude and unchaste mind it remains an eternal secret.”

WALDEN: With a little more deliberation in the choice of their PEOPLE OF pursuits, all men would perhaps become students and observers, WALDEN for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike. In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident. The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision. No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed. That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.

ISIS EGYPT HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1829

February 13, Friday: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in a letter to Eckermann, disagreed with Friedrich Schiller’s German Transcendentalist reluctance to inquire into nature’s secrets by opinioning that “Die Natur ISIS versteht gar keinen Spab, sie ist immer wahr, immer ernst, immer strenge; sie hat immer recht, und die Fehler und Irrtümer sind immer des Menschen. Den Unzulänglichen verschmäht sie und nur dem Zulänglichen, Wahren und Reinen ergibt sie sich und offenbart ihm ihre Geheimnisse.”

WALDEN: With a little more deliberation in the choice of their PEOPLE OF pursuits, all men would perhaps become students and observers, WALDEN for certainly their nature and destiny are interesting to all alike. In accumulating property for ourselves or our posterity, in founding a family or a state, or acquiring fame even, we are mortal; but in dealing with truth we are immortal, and need fear no change nor accident. The oldest Egyptian or Hindoo philosopher raised a corner of the veil from the statue of the divinity; and still the trembling robe remains raised, and I gaze upon as fresh a glory as he did, since it was I in him that was then so bold, and it is he in me that now reviews the vision. No dust has settled on that robe; no time has elapsed since that divinity was revealed. That time which we really improve, or which is improvable, is neither past, present, nor future.

ISIS EGYPT HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1837

In Blackwood’s Magazine, Thomas De Quincey’s “The Revolt of the Tartars.” He supplied articles on Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, and Pope to the ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA.

The author’s wife Margaret De Quincey died.

During this year the author was twice summoned into court on account of his debts. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Thomas Carlyle’s THE LIFE OF FRIEDRICH SCHILLER. COMPREHENDING AN EXAMINATION OF HIS WORKS. ... FROM THE LONDON EDITION. (New York: George Dearborn & Co.). A copy of this would be in Henry Thoreau’s personal library. THE LIFE OF SCHILLER

From this year into 1840 Carlyle would be offering four courses of lectures in London, on German Literature and on Heroes.

The argument for the almost magical growth of the Scottish author’s reputation was first made by the peripatetic English reformer, Harriet Martineau, in her controversial travelogue SOCIETY IN AMERICA: No living writer exercises so enviable a sway, so far as it goes, as Mr. Carlyle ... [whose] remarkable work SARTOR RESARTUS, issued piecemeal through Fraser’s Magazine, has been republished in America and is exerting an influence proportioned to the genuineness of the admiration it has excited. Perhaps this is the first instance of the Americans having taken to their hearts an English work that came to them anonymous, unsanctioned by any recommendation and even absolutely neglected at home. It has regenerated the preaching of more than one of the clergy. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

This English author’s published account of the situation, above, is of course entirely disingenuous, is a deliberate act of mystification of her audience. She had herself already become part of the American movement for this book by Carlyle before she had returned to England.

SARTOR RESARTUS

In April 1835 she had been had been “[fed] with the SARTOR” by the Reverend William Henry Furness in Philadelphia out of the copy he had just received from Waldo Emerson in Boston. In May 1835 while vacationing with Mrs. Sophia Dana Ripley and the Reverend George Ripley she had “made the SARTOR her constant companion.” In June 1835 while visiting the Reverend James Freeman Clarke in Lexington, Kentucky she had told him that what she was up to was “preparing the people for Carlyleism.” In August 1835 while visiting the Reverend Clarke’s cousin Margaret Fuller they had had “some talk about Carlyleism.” During Fall 1835 she had met with Emerson himself several times as he exercised himself in behalf of Thomas Carlyle. She had visited several times with Sarah Alden Bradford Ripley in Waltham, and in October 1835 she had been staying with the Reverend William Ellery Channing in Newport, Rhode Island when Emerson had sent the Reverend Channing a copy of SARTOR RESARTUS.

THE FUTURE IS MOST READILY PREDICTED IN RETROSPECT HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

November: Thomas Carlyle oer’reached himself at a dinner party in London, outraging a gent, Henry Crabb Robinson, who had been the foreign editor of The Times of London and had known both Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, by advocating not only the US annexation of the Tejas province of Mejico but also the continuation of negro slavery. WAR ON MEXICO

Evidently this diatribe of his went on and on getting worse and worse, with his rationalization turning out to amount to that 1.) skin melanization reflected a natural hierarchy of worthiness and that 2.) it was not only natural but right that the strong should dominate the earth. Robinson took careful note of that dangerously twisted, even vicious, pattern of thought and applied your typical Brit solution to it: I found Carlyle so very outrageous in his opinions that I have no wish to see him again, and I avoided saying anything that looked like a desire to renew my acquaintance with him. RACISM [Hey, for once I’m siding with a dinner-party snob — I’d snub this Carlyle dude too. But hey, what can I tell you, I’m merely one of those iggerant “presentists” who so mistakenly retroject the values and PC attitudes of the present in easy condemnation of historical figures who were merely representing the usual sentiments of their time!3]

3. How could Waldo Emerson possibly correspond with this stone racist Thomas Carlyle fellow, treat him as a good ’ol buddy, and indeed attempt to model himself as “the Carlyle of America”? –Len Gougeon, in “Abolition, The Emersons, and 1837” (New England Quarterly 54 [1981]: 345-64), offers us some ideas on this topic. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

1855

Professor of Greek Literature Cornelius Conway Felton prepared a new American edition of Sir William Smith, LL.D’s 1854 A HISTORY OF GREECE: FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO THE ROMAN CONQUEST; WITH SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTERS ON THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE AND ART.

Charles Sanders Peirce graduated at Dixwell’s and entered Harvard College. NEW “HARVARD MEN”

He was reading Friedrich Schiller’s AESTHETIC LETTERS and beginning a study of Immanuel Kant.

“MAGISTERIAL HISTORY” IS FANTASIZING, HISTORY IS CHRONOLOGY HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

COPYRIGHT NOTICE: In addition to the property of others, such as extensive quotations and reproductions of images, this “read-only” computer file contains a great deal of special work product of Austin Meredith, copyright 2013. Access to these interim materials will eventually be offered for a fee in order to recoup some of the costs of preparation. My hypercontext button invention which, instead of creating a hypertext leap through hyperspace —resulting in navigation problems— allows for an utter alteration of the context within which one is experiencing a specific content already being viewed, is claimed as proprietary to Austin Meredith — and therefore freely available for use by all. Limited permission to copy such files, or any material from such files, must be obtained in advance in writing from the “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project, 833 Berkeley St., Durham NC 27705. Please contact the project at .

“It’s all now you see. Yesterday won’t be over until tomorrow and tomorrow began ten thousand years ago.” – Remark by character “Garin Stevens” in William Faulkner’s INTRUDER IN THE DUST

Prepared: April 9, 2014 HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

ARRGH AUTOMATED RESEARCH REPORT

GENERATION HOTLINE

This stuff presumably looks to you as if it were generated by a human. Such is not the case. Instead, someone has requested that we pull it out of the hat of a pirate who has grown out of the shoulder of our pet parrot “Laura” (as above). What these chronological lists are: they are research reports compiled by ARRGH algorithms out of a database of modules which we term the Kouroo Contexture (this is data mining). To respond to such a request for information we merely push a button. HDT WHAT? INDEX

THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: FRIEDRICH SCHILLER PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN

Commonly, the first output of the algorithm has obvious deficiencies and we need to go back into the modules stored in the contexture and do a minor amount of tweaking, and then we need to punch that button again and recompile the chronology — but there is nothing here that remotely resembles the ordinary “writerly” process you know and love. As the contents of this originating contexture improve, and as the programming improves, and as funding becomes available (to date no funding whatever has been needed in the creation of this facility, the entire operation being run out of pocket change) we expect a diminished need to do such tweaking and recompiling, and we fully expect to achieve a simulation of a generous and untiring robotic research librarian. Onward and upward in this brave new world.

First come first serve. There is no charge. Place requests with . Arrgh.