Beethoven Symphony No. 9 Brahms Nänie

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Beethoven Symphony No. 9 Brahms Nänie BEETHOVEN SYMPHONY NO. 9 BRAHMS NÄNIE HARNISCH · SEMENCHUK · PETER · MÜLLER-BRACHMANN ZÜRCHER SING-AKADEMIE LUZERNER SINFONIEORCHESTER JAMES GAFFIGAN This album was kindly made possible through LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN 1770–1827 a generous donation by Christopher, 1 „O welche Lust“ 5.59 Chor der Gefangenen aus / Prisoners’ Chorus from Fidelio celebrating his 60th year. FLORIAN FETH tenor | THOMAS TROLLDENIER bass JOHANNES BRAHMS 1833–1897 2 Nänie op. 82 nach / after Friedrich Schiller 13.13 für Chor und Orchester / for chorus and orchestra LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN Sinfonie Nr. 9 d-Moll op. 125 Symphony No. 9 in D minor 3 I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso 15.02 4 II. Molto vivace 11.26 5 III. Adagio molto e cantabile 12.56 6 IV. Presto – „O Freunde, nicht diese Töne“ 9.50 7 Allegro assai vivace alla marcia 13.37 RACHEL HARNISCH soprano EKATERINA SEMENCHUK mezzo-soprano MAURO PETER tenor HANNO MÜLLER-BRACHMANN bass-baritone ZÜRCHER SING-AKADEMIE FLORIAN HELGATH artistic director LUZERNER SINFONIEORCHESTER JAMES GAFFIGAN 2 William Turner The Blue Rigi Tate Gallery London Executive producers: Numa Bischof Ullmann (Luzerner Sinfonieorchester), Martin Korn (Sony Classical), Production coordination: Norman Ziswiler Recording producer & editing: Martin Sauer (teldex Studio Berlin) · Sound engineer & mastering: Tobias Lehmann (teldex Studio Berlin) Recording: 5–9 June 2018, Kultur- und Kongresszentrum Luzern (KKL), Switzerland Total time: 1:22:03 Artwork: Christine Schweitzer · Cover painting: William Turner The Blue Rigi, Tate Gallery London (detail) P & g 2018 Sony Music Entertainment Switzerland GmbH 3 „ÜBER FREUNDSCHAFT UND FREIHEIT“ Der englische Dramatiker John Dennis veröffentlichte eine Beschreibung seiner Reise durch die Alpen, die „ein Vergnügen für das Auge war, wie Musik für die Ohren“, jedoch „vermischt mit Grauen und manchmal fast mit Verzweiflung“. Dies war 1693 ein früher Schimmer der „erhabenen“ Ästhetik, die Ehrfurcht und Angst hervorrief und mit dem Verstand alleine nicht erfasst werden konnte, im Gegensatz zur Symmetrie und Einheit des Schönen. Das Erhabene prägte die Werke aller wichtigen Künstler der Romantik, was zum großen Teil der überra- genden Beispiele von Beethoven und Turner zu verdanken ist. Beethovens Musik bot ihnen viel Leidenschaft und plötzliches Entsetzen, unterstützt durch die neuen musikalischen Möglichkeiten des Orchesters, zusammen mit einem hohen An- spruch, der die Musikkunst nachhaltig veränderte. Die Erhabenheit von Turners majes- tätischen Landschaften, seinen Bränden und Lawinen wurde durch seinen neuen Ma- lereiansatz ergänzt und ermöglichte ihm, Licht als majestätische Kraft einzufangen. Beide schienen in ihrer Arbeit die Erfahrung der Ehrfurcht im Angesicht der Göttlichkeit anzudeuten. Zu jener Zeit war eine Reise in die Schweiz ein Höhepunkt auf der Grand Tour durch Europa jedes jungen Gentlemans, und für Turner war sie sicherlich trans- formativ. Sein erster Besuch erfolgte 1802, und er kehrte auch in den 1840er-Jahren mehrmals zurück, um ausgewählte markante Landschaften als Aquarelle zu ma- len, darunter drei Darstellungen der Rigi, eine dominiert von blauer Farbe, eine weitere in roter Farbe und eine dritte in sehr dunklen Farbtönen. Einige dieser Schweizer Aquarelle haben kürzlich auf Auktionen einen siebenstelligen Betrag erzielt – genau wie Beethovens Manuskripte. Die Schweiz war jedoch nicht nur eine Reihe majestätischer Landschaften, son- William Turner Selbstbildnis dern auch ein Symbol für politische Freiheit. Die Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft fas- Tate Gallery London 4 zinierte andere Europäer, nicht zuletzt Friedrich Schiller, dessen Dra- mage gedacht an die Freundschaft Schillers mit seinem Förderer, ma Wilhelm Tell von 1804 den Schweizer Gründungsmythos aufgriff Christian Gottfried Körner, der Freimaurer war – daher die Idee und seine Theaterstücke zum Thema Tyrannei und Freiheit krön- der universellen Brüderlichkeit. Ein Jahrzehnt nach dem Tod des te. Beethoven war ebenfalls fasziniert von den neuen liberalen poli- Komponisten entstand eine neuartige Interpretation: Die wahre tischen Bewegungen. Seine einzige Oper, Fidelio, spielt in einem Ge- Bedeutung von Schillers Ode sei Freiheit und nicht Freude. Der fängnis, endet jedoch in einer erstaunlichen Befreiung aller Grund für die Änderung sei aus Angst vor politischer Zensur er- Gefangenen durch die Gnade eines erleuchteten Machthabers. folgt. Es wurden zwar nie dokumentarische Beweise für diese Be- Es war allerdings Beethovens Instrumentalmusik, welche seine hauptung gefunden, sie scheint jedoch für jemanden, der oft als Zeitgenossen am meisten inspirierte. Heute mag das schwer zu ver- „der Freiheitsdichter“ bezeichnet wird, nicht allzu weit hergeholt. stehen sein, da wir fast unempfindlich gegen Kulturschocks sind. Man vermutete auch, dass Beethoven von Schillers beabsichtig- Beethovens Zeitgenosse, der Schriftsteller E.T.A. Hoffman, be- ter Bedeutung gewusst habe, und genau durch diesen Inhalt eine so zeugte jedoch 1810, dass Beethoven „das Reich des Ungeheuern intensive und imposante musikalische Aussage ausgelöst wurde. Le- und Unermesslichen“ öffnete. Dessen Sinfonien geben uns Zugang onard Bernstein hat diese Spekulationen beim Konzert zum Fall zur gleichen Erhabenheit wie Turners Berglandschaften. Beethoven der Berliner Mauer schlussendlich in die Tat umgesetzt und im wurde weit über die Grenzen Deutschlands und Österreichs hinaus Gesangstext Freude durch Freiheit ersetzt. Was auch immer Beetho- bekannt, und der Auftrag zum Verfassen seiner Neunten Sinfonie vens Absichten in der Neunten Sinfonie gewesen sein mögen, er kam eigentlich aus London, von der Royal Philharmonic Society. hatte eigentlich bereits eine eindeutige Hymne an die Freiheit Das beispiellose Ausmaß und die komplexe Gestaltung der Sinfonie, komponiert, nämlich den Gefangenenchor in Fidelio. Dieser be- einschließlich des monumentalen Chorfinales, ließen einen Großteil ginnt zögernd, da die Gefangenen noch unsicher über ihre Befrei- des Publikums nach der englischen Premiere 1825 verwirrt zurück. ung sind, und gewinnt an Zuversicht bis zu einem begeisternden Ein Kritiker nannte das Werk ein „Plynlimon der Extravaganz“ und Ausdruck von Dankbarkeit und Freude, mit den Worten „O Frei- bezog sich damit auf den Namen eines bedeutenden walisischen heit“. Berggipfels. Mit der Nänie wählte Brahms für sein großartiges Chorwerk von Obwohl heute niemand die Wichtigkeit der Neunten Sinfonie in 1881 ein nüchterneres und verhalteneres Gedicht von Schiller. Der Frage stellen würde, gibt es immer noch Diskussionen über ihre Titel stammt vom lateinischen Wort nenia und bedeutet Trauerlied. Bedeutung, da Beethoven im Finale Schillers „Ode an die Freude“ Brahms beabsichtigte das Stück als Hommage an seinen Freund, verwendete. Das 1785 verfasste Gedicht war ursprünglich als Hom- den Maler Anselm Feuerbach, dessen Werke von der griechischen 5 Geschichte und Mytho logie inspiriert waren. Brahms wählte die- ria dazu, ihre eigenen Aquarellwerke zu malen. Victorias Besuch ses elegische Gedicht, weil Schiller sich indirekt auf berühmte my- weckte das Interesse der bürgerlichen Kunden des Thomas thische Todesfälle bezieht, die wundervolle Beziehungen beende- Cook-Reiseunternehmens an Luzern und den umliegenden Bergen ten: den Tod von Eurydike und die Trauer von Orpheus; den Tod von als touristisches Reise ziel. Dadurch konnten viele die Panora- Adonis und die Trauer von Aphro­­­dite; und den gescheiterten Versuch ma-Aussichten von Turner mit eigenen Augen sehen. von Thetis, einer Meeresgöttin, ihren Sohn Achilles vor dem Tod zu Auf diesem Album finden Sie diese majestätischen Werke von Bee- retten. Während Ode an die Freude eine zukünftige Welt der uni- thoven und Brahms, die vom Luzerner Sinfonieorchester an jenem versellen Brüderlichkeit sah, zeigt Nänie durch den Tod getrennte Ort aufgeführt werden, der den wichtigen Künstlern der Romantik menschliche Beziehungen. Brahms verleiht dem Gedicht in seiner so viel Inspiration verlieh. Das Orchester wurde 1805 gegründet, Fassung einen Aspekt von Katharsis und Trost. was uns auch in die Zeit von Turners erstem Besuch, Schillers Wil- Trost sucht auch Königin Victoria bei ihrem Besuch in Luzern helm Tell und Beethovens Sinfonie Eroica zurückführt. Der See und im Jahre 1868, noch immer in Trauer wegen des Todes ihres ge- die Berge verbinden uns ebenfalls mit Turner (zu sammen mit John liebten Prinzen Albert. Ein Liebespfand, das sie lange Zeit auf- Dennis und Königin Victoria): Sie sind noch immer nicht weniger als bewahrt hatte, war eine gepresste Rose, die Prinz Albert ihr aus „ein Vergnügen für das Auge, wie Musik für die Ohren“, aber das den Alpen mitgebracht hatte. Sie bemühte sich sehr, die gleichen sich ständig verändernde Licht erneuert auf subtile Weise die Aus- Aussichtspunkte wie Turner zu erreichen, indem sie auf ihrem sichtspunkte unserer Betrachtung. vertrauten Pony den Pilatus und die Rigi hinaufritt. Die Aquarell- Marina Frolova-Walker, 2018 beispiele von Turner und die Erhabenheit der Berge führten Victo- Übersetzung aus dem Englischen 6 “ON FRIENDSHIP AND FREEDOM” English dramatist John Dennis published a description of his Al- was also a symbol of political freedom. The Swiss Confederation pine journey, which was “a pleasure to the eye as music is to the fascinated other Europeans, not least Friedrich Schiller, whose dra- ear”, but “mingled with Horrors, and sometimes almost with de- ma William Tell of 1804 featured the Swiss foundation myth, spair”. This was an early glimmer, in 1693, of the “sublime” aesthetic,
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