Friedrich Schiller with Him Occasionally
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Appendix Delta: The Leiden Intellectual Line Connecting brothers of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University, tracing their fraternal Big Brother/Little Brother line to tri-Founder John Andrew Rea (1869) John Andrew Rea, tri-founder of Phi Kappa Psi at Cornell . . was advised by Andrew Dickson White, . Maurice caroused at Heidelberg President of Cornell . with his cousin Willem Lodewijk . who was lectured by, and referred Jack . both men studied under theologian David Rea to, Washington Irving . Pareus . who was inspired by von Schiller . who studied under Zacharias Ursinus, the Reformer . . Schiller, in turn, was an intellectual soul . Zach was mentored by Philipp mate of Goethe . Melanchthon, room mate of the monk Martin Luther . who was influence by Herder . .Phil’s primary mentor was his uncle, Johann Reuchlin . Herder, in turn, was influenced by Hamann . Johann was tutored by Johann Heynlin . Hamann, in turn, was influenced by . Heynlin was a theologian of the realist Coenraad van Beuningan, Irving now being school founded by William of Champeaux . tied to Diederich Knickerbocker’s world . van Beuningan studied under Gerhard . Bill was mentored by Anselm of Laon . Vossius. Gerhard, in turn, was friend and confidant . who found inspiration in Anselm of of Hugo Grotius . Canterbury . . Hugo Grotius was friend and ally of Johan . Anselm being instructed by the great van Oldenbarnevelt in the Dutch revolt. Lafranc . Johan was in league with Maurice, until the . who studied at the University of Pavia, went their separate ways . founded in 725 A.D. by king Lothar the Lombard . Below we present short biographies of the Leiden intellectual line of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University. “Who defends the House.” This intellectual line is dedicated to the memory of brother Francis R. “Frank” Properzi Pledge Class of 1944 and Cornell Class of 1946, who dropped the “zi” in his last name as an incoming Freshman to pass as a descendant of northern European stock at a time when the Ivy League was still known to place quotas on the admission of students adhering to the Roman rite. Frank, we have lots of Italian-Americans now, buddy, and Catholics, too. 2 We begin with John “Jack” Andrew Rea, Cornell Class of 1869 and one of the three founders of the New York Alpha Chapter of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University. Jack only spent a year at Cornell, transferring in the summer before his Senior course of studies. Much of that year he spent founding the fraternity, and its predecessor, the Irving Literary Society. Jack was one (1) of nine (9) transfer students who were in the first Class of Cornellians. Three (3) of those nine (9) were the founders of Phi Kappa Psi. All three had Faculty advisors. Jack was assigned Andrew Dickson White, the first President of Cornell; Mo Buchwalter was assigned visiting professor Goldwin Smith, the former Regis Professor of Modern History at Oxford University; and Joe Foraker was assigned visiting professor Theodore Dwight. These three (3) relationships, scholar-to-scholar in the Cornell tradition, form the tap root of the intellectual legacy within New York Alpha. The founding of the Irving Literary Society was the common project of President White and his protégé Jack Rea; Jack then used the Irving as the vehicle to rush that first immortal Pledge Class of 1869, Phi Kappa Psi, the New York Alpha. The intellectual legacy of this relationship includes both the influences on Andrew Dickson White as a doctoral student (see Appendix Alpha and Gamma) and the role model proffered to Jack Rea by the Cornell president (this Appendix and Appendix Beta). 3 Andrew Dickson White was Faculty Advisor to John Andrew Rea (1869), founder of New York Alpha; Andy White was lectured by, and looked to, author Washington Irving as one source of inspiration for the new Irving Literary Society, later to become the New York Alpha Chapter of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell: Washington Irving was influenced by the writing and works of Johann von Schiller, below. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (Marbach am Neckar, November 10, 1759 – May 9, 1805 in Weimar) was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. During the last several years of his life (1788–1805), Schiller struck a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang Goethe. He and Goethe greatly discussed issues concerning aesthetics, and Schiller encouraged Goethe to finish works he left merely as sketches; this thereby University of Jena gave way to a period now referred to as Weimar Classicism. They also worked together on Die Xenien (The Xenies), a collection of short but harshly satiric poems in which both Schiller and Goethe verbally attacked those persons they perceived to be enemies of their aesthetic agenda. Schiller was born in Marbach, Württemberg (located at the river Neckar in southwest Germany, north of Stuttgart, the region of Swabia), as the only son, besides ten sisters, of military doctor Johann Kaspar Schiller (1733-1796), and Elisabeth Dorothea Kodweiß (1732-1802). On February 22, 1790, he married Charlotte von Lengefeld (1766-1826). Four children were born between 1793 and 1804, the sons Karl and Ernst, and the daughters Luise and Emilie. The grandchild of Emilie, Baron Alexander of Gleichen-Rußwurm, died in 1947 at Baden-Baden, Germany, as the last living descendant of Schiller. His father was away in the Seven Years' War when Friedrich was born. He was named after Frederick II of Prussia (Friedrich is German for Frederick), the king of the country his father was fighting, Prussia, but he was called Fritz by nearly everyone. Caspar Schiller was rarely home at the time, which was hard 4 on the mother, but he did manage to visit the family once in a while and the mother and the children also visited him where he happened to be stationed at the time occasionally. In 1763, the war ended. Schiller's father became a recruiting officer and was stationed in Schwäbisch Gmünd. The family moved with him, of course; but since the cost of living especially the rent soon turned out to be too expensive, the family moved to nearby Lorch, which was at the time still a fairly small village. Although the family was happy in Lorch, the father found his work unsatisfying. He did, however, take Friedrich Schiller with him occasionally. In Lorch Schiller received his primary education, but the schoolmaster was lazy, so the quality of the lessons was fairly bad; therefore, Friedrich regularly cut class with his older sister. Because his parents wanted Schiller to become a pastor himself, they had the pastor of the village instruct the boy in Latin and Greek. The man was a good teacher, which led Schiller to name the cleric in Die Räuber after Pastor Moser. Schiller was excited by the idea of becoming a clericalist and often put on black robes and pretended to preach. In 1766, the family left Lorch for the Duke's seat, Ludwigsburg. Schiller's father had not been paid for three years and the family had been living on their savings, but could no longer afford to do so. So Kaspar Schiller had himself relocated to the garrison in Ludwigsburg. The move was not easy for Friedrich, since Lorch had been a warm and comforting home through out his childhood. He came to the attention of Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg. He entered the Karlsschule Stuttgart (an elite, extremely strict, military academy founded by Duke Karl Eugen), in 1773, where he eventually studied medicine. During most of his short life, he suffered from illnesses that he tried to cure himself. While at the Karlsschule, Schiller read Rousseau and Goethe and discussed Classical ideals with his classmates. At school, he wrote his first play, Die Räuber (The Robbers), which dramatizes the conflict between two aristocratic brothers: the elder, Karl Moor, leads a group of rebellious students into the Bohemian forest where they become Robin Hood-like bandits, while Franz Moor, the younger brother schemes to inherit his father's considerable estate. The play's critique of social corruption and its affirmation of proto- revolutionary republican ideals astounded the original audience, and made Schiller an overnight sensation. Later, Schiller would be made an honorary member of the French Republic because of this play. In 1780, he obtained a post as regimental doctor in Stuttgart, a job he disliked. Following the remarkable performance of Die Räuber in Mannheim, in 1781, he was arrested and forbidden by Karl Eugen himself from publishing any further works. He fled Stuttgart, in 1783, coming via Leipzig and Dresden to 5 Weimar, in 1787. In 1789, he was appointed professor of History and Philosophy in Jena, where he wrote only historical works. He returned to Weimar, in 1799, where Goethe convinced him to return to playwriting. He and Goethe founded the Weimar Theater which became the leading theater in Germany, leading to a dramatic renaissance. He remained in Weimar, Saxe-Weimar until his death at 45 from tuberculosis. Some Freemasons speculate that Schiller was a Freemason, but this has not been proven. In 1787, in his tenth letter about Don Carlos Schiller wrote: “I am neither Illuminati nor Mason, but if the fraternization has a moral purpose in common with one another, and if this purpose for the human society is the most important, ...” In a letter from 1829, two Freemasons from Rudolstadt complain about the dissolving of their Lodge Günther zum stehenden Löwen that was honoured by the initiation of Schiller. According to Schiller's great-grandson Alexander von Gleichen-Rußwurm, Schiller was brought to the Lodge by Wilhelm Heinrich Karl von Gleichen-Rußwurm, but no membership document exists.