2nd International Mars Sample Return 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2071) 6107.pdf

LESSONS FROM EXOMARS FOR MSR. A. Haldemann1, C. Alary1, P. Baglioni1, A. Ball1, O. Bayle1, S. Bayon1, B. Bethge1, T. Blancquaert1, M. Braghin1, F. Chiusano1, M. Cislaghi1, D. Dellantonio1, M. Denis2, F. Di- dot1, S. Durrant1, G. Gianfiglio1, G. Gould1, D. Goulty1, F. Haessig1, L. Joudrier1, M. Kasper1, G. Kminek1, V. La- neve1, R. Lindner1, L. Lorenzoni1, M. Malyshev1, D. McCoy1, P. Mitschdoerfer1, D. Monteiro1, S. Ott1, J. Pereira1, P. Poulakis1, B. Rasse1, S. Sangiorgi2, P. Schmitz2, F. Spoto1, H. Svedhem1, D. Temperanza1, J. Vago1, T. Wal- loschek1, A. Winton1, Y. Yushtein1, E. Zekri, 1European Space Agency (Noordwijk, the Netherlands), 2European Space Agency (Darmstadt, Germany).

Introduction: ESA’s ExoMars 2016 and ExoMars Controlled cleanroom at TAS-I, and an ISO7HC tent 2020 missions are carried out jointly with the Russian inside the ISO8 facility at TAS-F. The clean tent was Space Agency, Roscosmos. The first sent the Trace in Baikonur with a bio-sampling laboratory to maintain Gas Orbiter (TGO) with an Entry, Descent and Land- planetary protection requirements during the launch ing Demonstrator Module (EDM), named Schiaparelli. campaign. This same approach will be used for Exo- The second mission combines a Carrier Module (CM) Mars 2020: Europe’s aerospace industry can fully and and Descent Module (DM) to cruise to Mars, where successfully implement planetary protection. the DM places a Surface Platform (SP) and Rover on Schiaparelli. Although the ExoMars EDM did not the Martian surface. Both the SP and Rover have sci- land safely to complete its surface mission, it success- entific instrument complements. The Rover’s Pasteur fully transmitted telemetry via UHF relay to TGO dur- Payload (PPL), coupled with a 2-meter subsurface ing EDL, it’s parachute deployed fully, and the Radar Drill will explore the geological and (bio)geochemical Doppler Altimeter operated. The comprehensive inves- environment of the landing site. tigation [2] led to recommendations that have already After ExoMars, ESA is considering participation in been implemented for the 2020 mission. Mars Sample Return (MSR). The ExoMars 2020 Rov- TGO Aerobraking and Relay Operations. Alt- er’s PPL will inform scientific strategies for Mars hough aerobraking of TGO was not a programmatic Sample Return [1]. The lessons learned from the de- objective per se, it represents ESA’s first operational velopment of ExoMars 2016 and 2020, from the As- use of the technique. The final implementation re- sembly, Integration and Test (AIT) of those missions, quired refinements of the TGO on-board software to and from Operations, support MSR contributions such ensure safe operations during the automated dips into as a Fetch Rover, an In-Orbit Rendezvous spacecraft, the Martian atmosphere, with proper preparations to and/or an Earth return spacecraft. allow for recovery should anomalies on the spacecraft General Status: EDM was assembled at the Thales occur. The know-how is now available for managing Alenia Space (TAS) Italy in Torino during 2014 the orbits of large spacecraft at Mars. through early 2015. TGO was assembled at TAS- Lessons from ExoMars 2020 for MSR: The final France facilities in Cannes in the same period. Both lessons from the AIT of 2020 are yet to be learned, spacecraft had their environmental and functional test- however several ExoMars Rover subsystems offer ing carried out at TAS-F in Cannes, and were shipped feedforward to MSR. For example the external elec- to Baikonur Cosmodrome in late 2015. TGO and EDM tronics on the Rover are required to passively survive arrived at Mars on 19 October, 2016. Schiaparelli’s Martian diurnal thermal cycles. So-called cold- Entry, Descent and Landing (EDL) was not successful, electronics will have been qualified for the PanCam while TGO established its orbit nominally and has instrument and Rover’s drive electronics. The Loop been successfully aerobraking into its science orbit. Heat Pipe technology developed for the Rover will be The ExoMars 2020 Rover Structural and Thermal proven in the system testing of the Rover during 2018. Model (STM) will be tested in the first half of 2018. Conclusion: ExoMars developments will be re- The Rover Proto-Flight Model (PFM) assembly runs ported at the conference, along with the tests planned from mid-2018 through Q1 2019, followed by envi- in 2018 and 2019, prior to the ESA Council of Minis- ronmental testing. The DM will have mechanical test- ters in 2019, and which demonstrate technical readi- ing in mid-2018, and thermal tests in the second half of ness of ESA and European industry to participate fully the year. The DM FM assembly will start in third quar- in MSR. ter 2018 with environmental testing mid-2019, leading References: [1] Vago J. L. et al. (2017) 2nd Int’l to a launch campaign in April 2020. MSR Conf. [2] Tolker-Nielsen et al. (2017) DG- Lessons from ExoMars 2016 for MSR: 2016 I/2017/546/TTN http://exploration.esa.int/mars/59176- AIT was carried out under strict Planetary Protection exomars-2016-schiaparelli-anomaly-inquiry/# control. This included a dedicated ISO7 Highly-