DOCSLIB.ORG

What's Next for US Human Spaceflight?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
What's Next for US Human Spaceflight? coverJAN2012_Layout 1 12/13/11 4:36 PM Page 1 1 AMERICA AEROSPACE January 2012 JANUARY 2012 JANUARY What’s next for U.S. human spaceflight? Indigenous fighters make a comeback ISS: Dawn of a new era A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS page 12 ad.pdf 12/6/11 3:44:48 PM U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration REGISTER15th TODAY! Annual FAA Commercial Space Transportation Conference 15–16 February 2012 Walter E. Washington Convention Center Washington, DC C M Y CM MY CY CMY K COMMERCIAL: THE NEW FUTURE OF SPACE 12-0097 For more information contact AIAA customer service, at [email protected]. Wednesday Keynote Luncheon Sponsored by Co-Sponsored by TOC.JAN2012_AA Template 12/13/11 2:02 PM Page 1 January 2012 Page 4 DEPARTMENTS EDITORIAL 3 The not so super committee. INTERNATIONAL BEAT 4 Pilot training for fifth-generation fighters. WASHINGTON WATCH 8 Page 32 Deadlocked Congress delays decisions. CONVERSATIONS 12 With Domingo Ureña-Raso. THE VIEW FROM HERE 16 Exploration in an uncertain decade. Page 16 AIRCRAFT UPDATE 20 Indigenous fighters make an unexpected return. OUT OF THE PAST 40 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 42 Page 20 FEATURES WHAT’S NEXT FOR U.S. HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT? 24 Private companies mount surprisingly robust efforts to fill the gap in U.S. manned space transportation capability. by J.R. Wilson ISS: DAWN OF A NEW ERA 32 Planners are envisioning myriad applications for the ISS, possibly extending even beyond its predicted life. by Leonard David Page 24 BULLETIN AIAA Meeting Schedule B2 AIAA Courses and Training Program B4 AIAA News B5 Meeting Program B13 Call for Papers B19 COVER The Orion MPCV ground test vehicle is prepared for a Launch Abort Vehicle Configuration Test at Lockheed Martin's facilities. Turn to page 24 to read about some interesting future prospects for human space transportation. Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X) is published monthly, except August, by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. at 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Reston, Va. 20191-4344 [703/264-7500]. Subscription rate is 50% of dues for AIAA members (and is not deductible therefrom). Nonmember subscription price: U.S. and Canada, $163, foreign, $200. Single copies $20 each. Postmaster: Send address changes and subscription orders to address above, attention AIAA Customer Service, 703/264-7500. Periodical postage paid at Herndon, VA, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2011 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., all rights reserved. The name Aerospace America is registered by the AIAA in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 40,000 copies of this issue printed. This is Volume 50, No. 1. STRATEGY for SUCCESS In today’s dynamic business environment, effective outreach and customer interface are vital to successfully capturing new partnership opportunities. If your company is looking for a mechanism to heighten visibility, expand networking capabilities among industry leaders, and demonstrate your unique value to thousands of aerospace professionals, AIAA’s sponsorship program can help to achieve your objectives. Our array of customized sponsorship packages include: • Lead/Shared/Tiered Sponsorship Options • Welcome or VIP Receptions • Unique Off-Site Activities and/or Receptions • Keynote Speaking Forums • Scheduled Networking Breaks • Cyber Café Lounge • Attendee Giveaways (bags, lanyards, USB sticks, pens, pads, and programs) Whether you are looking to build new relationships within the aerospace community, or strengthen your brand image as a major industry contender, an AIAA sponsorship will provide global marketing and access to key industry, government, and academia contacts that matter most to your organization. For more information on sponsorship opportunities with AIAA, contact Cecilia Capece, AIAA Sponsorship Program Manager, at 703.264.7570 or [email protected]. 11-0623 january.edit_AA Template 12/14/11 10:36 AM Page 1 ® is a publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Elaine J. Camhi Editor-in-Chief Patricia Jefferson Associate Editor Greg Wilson Production Editor Jerry Grey, Editor-at-Large The not so super committee Christine Williams, Editor AIAA Bulletin The Budget Control Act of 2011, created as a final attempt at resolving the Correspondents United States’ debt ceiling crisis, calls for the creation of the Joint Select Robert F. Dorr, Washington Committee on Deficit Reduction, the ‘supercommittee,’ whose goal was to Philip Butterworth-Hayes, Europe issue formal recommendations on how to reduce the U.S. deficit by at least Michael Westlake, Hong Kong $1.5 trillion over the next 10 years. These steps would not eliminate the debt; Contributing Writers rather, they would slow down its growth, as they would not decrease federal Richard Aboulafia, James W. Canan, spending but reduce increases. Marco Cáceres, Craig Covault, Leonard The recommendations from this bipartisan committee were to be presented David, Philip Finnegan, Edward to Congress by November 23. If agreement could not be reached in both Goldstein, Tom Jones, James Oberg, chambers by December 23, the act calls for automatic across-the-board cuts, David Rockwell, J.R. Wilson split 50-50 between defense and nondefense spending, including Medicare, Fitzgerald Art & Design an event referred to as sequestration. Art Direction and Design To the surprise of absolutely no one, on November 23 the supercommittee, comprising six members of the House and six from the Senate, announced Brian D. Dailey, President that the supercommittee had reached agreement on the fact that they could Robert S. Dickman, Publisher not reach agreement. Craig Byl, Manufacturing and Distribution After the announcement a collective sigh of relief was heard from all STEERING COMMITTEE potentially affected parties, followed immediately with panic-filled statements Col. Neal Barlow, USAF Academy; Michael to the press that directed cuts would devastate the Defense Department, B. Bragg, University of Illinois; Carol Cash, hobble NASA, cripple Medicare…. Carol Cash & Associates; Basil Hassan, Sandia; However, the automatic cuts mandated by sequestration would not go into Mark Lewis, University of Maryland, Robert effect until 2013, giving lawmakers ample opportunity to rewrite the original E. Lindberg, National Institute of Aerospace; Mark S. Maurice, AFOSR; Merri Sanchez, law, rendering the 2011 act toothless. This also brings us back to the game Sierra Nevada; Vigor Yang, Georgia Institute politicians on both sides have been playing for years now. The rules are of Technology; Susan X. Ying; Boeing simple: Acknowledge that we are in a serious debt crisis. Affix the blame somewhere. Call for cuts across the board except for—fill in the blank. EDITORIAL BOARD And now we get to raise the stakes in this game, because 2012 is a presi- Ned Allen, Jean-Michel Contant, dential election year. This should increase the decibel level on the discussion Eugene Covert, L.S. “Skip” Fletcher, Michael Francis, Cam Martin, to ever higher levels. Don Richardson, Douglas Yazell But as all this goes on, we are back to business as usual. In December, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden told reporters that the agency’s budgeting ADVERTISING plans do not factor in the possibility of cuts demanded by sequestration. Leon National Display and Classified: Panetta, the secretary of defense, has stipulated that cutting his department’s Robert Silverstein, 240.498.9674 budget will make the nation less safe: “If Congress fails to act over the next [email protected] West Coast Display: Greg Cruse, year, the Department of Defense will face devastating, automatic, across-the- 949.361.1870 / [email protected] board cuts that will tear a seam in the nation’s defense,” he said. “The half- trillion in additional cuts demanded by sequester would lead to a hollow Ross B. Garelick Bell Business Manager force incapable of sustaining the missions it is assigned.” But all of this political and fiscal posturing cannot drown out the fact that Send materials to Craig Byl, AIAA, 1801 the nation is facing crippling debt. We can continue to kick this can down the Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344. Changes of address should be road, or we can face the fact that everyone, every department, is going to sent by e-mail at [email protected], or by fax have to take a hit. Otherwise, that silver bullet we all seem to be looking for at 703.264.7606. may come barrelling right at us. Send correspondence to [email protected]. Elaine Camhi Editor-in-Chief January 2012, Vol. 50, No. 1 AA-Layout-BEAT2012_Layout 1 12/13/11 2:18 PM Page 2 Pilot training for fifth-generation fighters DETAILS ON ONE OF THE WORLD’S tion data display capabilities, new tics of the fifth-generation aircraft, ‘set- most complex defense system pro- training devices with enhanced real- up’ ranges will demand larger airspace curement contracts are due to be an- ism, and new ways of thinking about volumes to train in capitalizing these nounced this year. The Air Force’s T-X how to integrate the real and virtual inherent advantages.” program will not just set a new bench- worlds. And it is highly likely that mark for the way pilots are trained to non-U.S. companies will play major The key difference fly single-seat fifth-generation fighters; roles in providing several of these The key difference between a fourth- it will also, if successful, set a new components. and a fifth-generation fighter training benchmark in the procurement
Load more

Recommended publications
  • NASA Armstrong X-Press April 2020
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Volume 62 Number 3 April 2020 AFRC2020-0058-032 NASA/Carla Thomas NASA Armstrong engineer Mike Buttigieg works on an oxygen hood system prototype worn by Dr. Daniel Khodabakhsh from the Antelope Valley Hospital. The hood is designed to help coronavirus patients who don’t yet need a ventilator, but who are experiencing breathing troubles. The hood forces oxygen into patients with mild coronavirus symptoms, minimizing the likelihood that the patient will need to use a ventilator. Lending a hand Center assists community COVID-19 response www.nasa.gov/ Return to center plans begin, page 2 X-Press April 2020 Successful partnership By Teresa Whiting next week at TSC’s Faith Facility in NASA Armstrong Public Affairs Mojave. NASA Armstrong has joined “I’ve been inspired by the forces with an Antelope Valley teamwork shown by the Antelope task force to build medical devices Valley task force in response to the to help patients with coronavirus. challenge of COVID-19. Now more Armstrong partnered with than ever, it is crucial that we share Antelope Valley Hospital, knowledge, skills and collaborate,” Lancaster, Virgin Galactic, said Virgin Galactic CEO George The Spaceship Company and Whitesides. “By producing several Antelope Valley College to innovative health solutions for develop innovative ideas to solve regional hospitals over a few possible shortages of critical weeks, we are protecting health medical equipment. care workers on the front lines “NASA is more than scientists, while improving patient care. It is engineers and explorers. We truly showing the best of American are neighbors and members of public-private cooperation.” AFRC2020-0059-024 NASA/Carla Thomas communities across the country,” The device, developed byNASA engineer Mike Buttigieg works on the Aerospace Valley Positive Pres- said NASA Administrator Jim NASA engineer Mike Buttigieg, sure Helmet, a device successfully tested by Antelope Valley Hospital doctors.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Concept of a Deep Space Solar-Powered Small
    EXPLORING THE CONCEPT OF A DEEP SPACE SOLAR-POWERED SMALL SPACECRAFT A Thesis presented to the Faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Kian Crowley June 2018 c 2018 Kian Crowley ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP TITLE: Exploring the Concept of a Deep Space Solar-Powered Small Spacecraft AUTHOR: Kian Crowley DATE SUBMITTED: June 2018 COMMITTEE CHAIR: Jordi Puig-Suari, Ph.D. Professor of Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Amelia Greig, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Kira Abercromby, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering COMMITTEE MEMBER: Robert Staehle Jet Propulsion Laboratory iii ABSTRACT Exploring the Concept of a Deep Space Solar-Powered Small Spacecraft Kian Crowley New Horizons, Voyager 1 & 2, and Pioneer 10 & 11 are the only spacecraft to ever venture past Pluto and provide information about space at those large distances. These spacecraft were very expensive and primarily designed to study planets during gravitational assist maneuvers. They were not designed to explore space past Pluto and their study of this environment is at best a secondary mission. These spacecraft rely on radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) to provide power, an expensive yet necessary approach to generating sufficient power. With Cubesats graduating to interplanetary capabilities, such as the Mars-bound MarCO spacecraft[1], matching the modest payload requirements to study the outer Solar System (OSS) with the capabilities of low-power nano-satellites may enable much more affordable access to deep space. This paper explores a design concept for a low-cost, small spacecraft, designed to study the OSS and satisfy mission requirements with solar power.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of a Scalable Nano University Satellite Bus (Illinisat-2 Bus) Command and Data Handling System and Power System
    DESIGN OF A SCALABLE NANO UNIVERSITY SATELLITE BUS (ILLINISAT-2 BUS) COMMAND AND DATA HANDLING SYSTEM AND POWER SYSTEM BY ZIPENG WANG THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aerospace in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2018 Urbana, Illinois Adviser: Professor Alexander R. M. Ghosh Professor Gary R. Swenson ABSTRACT IlliniSat-2 bus is the second generation of a general model on which multiple-production of CubeSats are based upon. The IlliniSat-2 bus consists of Command and Data Handling system, Power Generation and Distribution system, Attitude Determination and Control system and Radio system. The IlliniSat-2 is required to be capable of operating a nanosatellite from size 1.5U (10x10x17cm) to 6U (10x22.6x36.6cm) and carrying up to three science payloads. The challenge with IlliniSat-2 bus is the requirement for the wide-range scalability. The major contribution of this work includes the requirements, design, testing, and validation of two parts of the IlliniSat-2 bus systems: Command and Data Handling system and Power Generation and Distribution system. This work also contributes the lessons learned throughout the implementation of the flight hardware. So far, five missions are using IlliniSat-2 bus to carry their science payloads: LAICE, CubeSail, SpaceICE, SASSI^2 and CAPSat. CubeSail satellite was fully constructed and delivery to the launcher on April 12th, 2018. The tentative launch date as of this publication is August 31st, 2018. SpaceICE, SASSI^2 and CAPSat are three missions developed as parts of the NASA Science Mission Directorate’s (SMD) Undergraduate Student Instrument Program (USIP).
    [Show full text]
  • Update for MVEDA Meeting
    Update for MVEDA Meeting Jonathan Firth, Executive Vice President VG Las Cruces, NM – Star Date: April 3rd 2018 Virgin Galactic’s business aim is to transform access to space for the benefit of life on Earth 4 More frequent More responsive More affordable More reliable Most Safe Virgin Galactic’s business aim is to transform access to space for the benefit of life on Earth Virgin aims to transform access to space in two markets Suborbital: Orbital: SpaceShipTwo LauncherOne Personal Spaceflight Small Satellite Research Launch Flights Virgin’s Space Portfolio at a Glance • Virgin Galactic was set up in 2004 to be world’s first commercial spaceline • Three business areas now – separate companies: • Virgin Galactic: Suborbital spaceflight for people & research • Virgin Orbit: Orbital satellite launch (SSO / LEO) • The Spaceship Company: Vehicle manufacture and flight test Virgin’s Space Portfolio at a Glance • Virgin Galactic was set up in 2004 to be world’s first commercial spaceline • Three business areas now – separate companies: • Virgin Galactic: Suborbital spaceflight for people & research • Virgin Orbit: Orbital satellite launch (SSO / LEO) • The Spaceship Company: Vehicle manufacture and test • Each company carries out its own: design, engineering, manufacturing, testing and flight operations Aims: frequent flights, responsive, lower cost, high safety/reliability Virgin Galactic will operate from the ‘Gateway to Space’ facility at Spaceport America in New Mexico VG’s Economic Impact in New Mexico to date 33 + 85 + local hires / 5 years 10 VG’s Economic Impact in New Mexico to date VG now has 33 full time employees permanently based at its Las Cruces, NM office, with various other employees cycling through from our Mojave, CA facility on a regular basis, and a plan to transition at least 85 employees permanently from Mojave to New Mexico before the start of operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance Quantification of Heliogyro Solar Sails Using Structural
    PERFORMANCE QUANTIFICATION OF HELIOGYRO SOLAR SAILS USING STRUCTURAL, ATTITUDE, AND ORBITAL DYNAMICS AND CONTROL ANALYSIS by DANIEL VERNON GUERRANT B.S., California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, 2005 M.S., California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, 2005 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences 2015 This thesis entitled: Performance Quantification of Heliogyro Solar Sails Using Structural, Attitude, and Orbital Dynamics and Control Analysis written by Daniel Vernon Guerrant has been approved for the Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences ________________________________________ Dr. Dale A. Lawrence ________________________________________ Dr. W. Keats Wilkie Date______________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Guerrant, Daniel Vernon (Ph.D., Aerospace Engineering Sciences) Performance Quantification of Heliogyro Solar Sails Using Structural, Attitude, and Orbital Dynamics and Control Analysis Thesis directed by Professor Dale A. Lawrence Solar sails enable or enhance exploration of a variety of destinations both within and without the solar system. The heliogyro solar sail architecture divides the sail into blades spun about a central hub and centrifugally stiffened. The resulting structural mass savings can often double acceleration verses kite-type square sails of the same mass. Pitching the blades collectively and cyclically, similar to a helicopter, creates attitude control moments and vectors thrust. The principal hurdle preventing heliogyros’ implementation is the uncertainty in their dynamics.
    [Show full text]
  • Np-2015-03-011-Jsc-Expedition-43
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station [MISSION SUMMARY] began March 11, 2015 and ends May 13, 2015. This expedition will include the EXPEDITION 43 beginning of research projects focusing on the One-Year mission, which includes medical, psychological and biomedical studies with NASA Astronaut Scott Kelly and Roscosmos Cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko who will spend a year in space. Expedition 43 also will include astrophysics research, physical science investigations and technology demonstrations. There are no spacewalks planned during Expedition 43. THE CREW: Soyuz TMA-15M • Launch: Nov. 23, 2014 • Landing: May 13, 2015 Soyuz TMA-16M • March 27, 2015 • Landing: September 11, 2015 Note: Kelly and Kornienko will remain onboard until March 2016 Terry Virts (NASA) – Commander Gennady Padalka (Roscosmos) – Flight Engineer (Verts) (Puh-DOLL-kuh) Born: Baltimore Born: Krasnodar, Russia Interests: Astronomy, baseball, coaching youth sports Interests: Diving, parachute sport and theater Spaceflights: STS-130 Spaceflights: Soyuz-TM-28/Mir Exp. 26, ISS Exps. 9, 19 Bio: http://go.nasa.gov/w1eH1s and 20 Twitter: @AstroTerry Bio: http://go.nasa.gov/1u1HVm6 Anton Shkaplerov (Roscosmos) – Flight Engineer Scott Kelly (NASA) – Flight Engineer (SHKAP-luh-roff) Born: Sevastopol, Crimean Peninsula Born: Orange, New Jersey Interests: Fishing, golf, sports, travel Interests: Racquetball, running, water sports and Spaceflights: Exps. 29 and 30 weight lifting Bio: http://go.nasa.gov/1Dmd1Yd Spaceflights: STS-103, STS-118, Exps. 25 and 26 Twitter: @AntonAstrey Bio: http://go.nasa.gov/SbcMZD Twitter: @StationCDRKelly Instagram: stationcdrkelly Samantha Cristoforetti (ESA) – Flight Engineer Mikhail Kornienko (Roscosmos) – Flight Engineer (Cris-ta-four-REHT-ee) (Kor-knee-EHN-koh) Born: Milan, Italy Born: Syzran, Russia Interests: Hiking, reading, scuba diving, travel, yoga Interests: Mountaineering Spaceflights: Exps.
    [Show full text]
  • Short-Term Variability and Mass Loss in Be Stars I
    A&A 588, A56 (2016) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201528026 & c ESO 2016 Astrophysics Short-term variability and mass loss in Be stars I. BRITE satellite photometry of η and μ Centauri D. Baade1, Th. Rivinius2, A. Pigulski3,A.C.Carciofi4, Ch. Martayan2,A.F.J.Moffat5,G.A.Wade6,W.W.Weiss7, J. Grunhut1, G. Handler8,R.Kuschnig9,7,A.Mehner2,H.Pablo5,A.Popowicz10,S.Rucinski11, and G. Whittaker11 1 European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 2 European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO), Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile 3 Astronomical Institute, Wrocław University, Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław, Poland 4 Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil 5 Département de physique and Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ), Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada 6 Department of Physics, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Stn Forces, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada 7 Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria 8 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland 9 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada 10 Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland 11 Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H4, Canada Received 21 December 2015 / Accepted 1 February 2016 ABSTRACT Context.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012
    Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2012 February 2013 About FAA About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2013) NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation Dear Colleague, 2012 was a very active year for the entire commercial space industry. In addition to all of the dramatic space transportation events, including the first-ever commercial mission flown to and from the International Space Station, the year was also a very busy one from the government’s perspective. It is clear that the level and pace of activity is beginning to increase significantly.
    [Show full text]
  • June, 2013 Mayumi Matsuura JAXA Flight Director Space Vehicle Technology Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Congratulations on 50Th Anniversary
    June, 2013 Mayumi Matsuura JAXA Flight Director Space Vehicle Technology Center Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Congratulations on 50th Anniversary 1963.6.16 2008.3.11 The fist part of Japanese Experiment Module was launched International Space Station 1984： US President Ronald Reagan proposed developing a permanently-occupied space station 1988： Governments of Canada, ESA member countries, US and Japan signed the Intergovernmental Agreement on a cooperative framework for the space station 1993： Russia joined the program 1998： Beginning of on-orbit station assembly 2000： Beginning of continuous stay of the astronauts 2008: Beginning of assembly of Japanese Experiment Module 2011： Completion of station assembly Present： In the utilization phase International Partners ISS is truly an International space collaboration effort, with the participation of many countries. (C) NASA The First Piece of ISS ISS assembly sequence started in 1998 with the Russian module, Zarya (sunrise), launched by a Russian Proton rocket vehicle. Nov. 20, 1998 Zarya provides battery power, fuel storage and rendezvous and docking capability for Soyuz and Progress space vehicles. (C) NASA ISS Under Construction...(1998-2011) Dec. 2000 Dec. 1998 Dec. 1998 Dec. 2006 (C) NASA ISS Assembly Completion July 2011, Space shuttle Atlantis, on its final spaceflight of the Space Shuttle Program, carried the Raffaello multipurpose logistics module. 2011.7＠STS-135 (C) NASA Japanese Experimental Module (JEM) - Kibo Experiment Logistic Module - Pressurized Section (2008.Mar) ・ 8 racks can be installed Pressurized Module (2008. Jun) ・ Cargo storage area ・ The largest pressurized module on ISS ・ 10 payload racks can be installed ・ Various resources provided Remote Manipulator System (power, communication, thermal control, gas supply and exhaust) (2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Soyuz Launch Brochure
    Incredible Adventures is excited to offer a unique opportunity – a chance to visit the famous Baikonur Cosmodrome and observe a manned launch of a Russian Soyuz spacecraft. You’ll be completely immersed in the electric atmosphere surrounding a launch. You’ll explore Baikonur’s launch sites, museums and most historic places. Join IA for an Incredible Space Adventure. Highlights of Your Incredible Baikonur Adventure 800-644-7382 or 941-346-2603 www.incredible-adventures.com Observe roll-out and installation of the Soyuz rocket at launch pad. Attend international press conference of main and back- up crews. See the farewell of the crew at the cosmonaut hotel. Hear crew's ready-to-go official report. See launch of the Soyuz rocket, something you’ll never forget. Incredible Baikonur Adventure Day 1 Meet IA representative at the airport. Flight from Moscow to Baikonur .Transfer to the hotel. Time to relax. Day 2 Breakfast in the hotel Transfer to Baikonur Cosmodrome Roll-out of the Soyuz Rocket. (Follow the Soyuz to its launch site.) Observe installation of the rocket on the launch pad. Visit to the integration building of Soyuz and Progress spaceships. Transfer back to town. Visit to the International Space School. 9 Day 3 Breakfast in the hotel. Visit Museum of History Cosmodrome Baikonur. Enjoy general sightseeing in the town of Baikonur (learn history of the town, visit memorials and monuments). Transfer to Cosmonaut hotel. International press conference with the main and backup crews of Soyuz-TMA vehicle. Walk along the historical alley of Cosmonauts where personalized trees are planted.
    [Show full text]
  • The History Problem: the Politics of War
    History / Sociology SAITO … CONTINUED FROM FRONT FLAP … HIRO SAITO “Hiro Saito offers a timely and well-researched analysis of East Asia’s never-ending cycle of blame and denial, distortion and obfuscation concerning the region’s shared history of violence and destruction during the first half of the twentieth SEVENTY YEARS is practiced as a collective endeavor by both century. In The History Problem Saito smartly introduces the have passed since the end perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a res- central ‘us-versus-them’ issues and confronts readers with the of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains olution of the history problem—and eventual multiple layers that bind the East Asian countries involved embroiled in controversy with its neighbors reconciliation—will finally become possible. to show how these problems are mutually constituted across over the war’s commemoration. Among the THE HISTORY PROBLEM THE HISTORY The History Problem examines a vast borders and generations. He argues that the inextricable many points of contention between Japan, knots that constrain these problems could be less like a hang- corpus of historical material in both English China, and South Korea are interpretations man’s noose and more of a supportive web if there were the and Japanese, offering provocative findings political will to determine the virtues of peaceful coexistence. of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and that challenge orthodox explanations. Written Anything less, he explains, follows an increasingly perilous compensation for foreign victims of Japanese in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely path forward on which nationalist impulses are encouraged aggression, prime ministerial visits to the interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociol- to derail cosmopolitan efforts at engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter
    Human Spaceflight in Social Media: Promoting Space Exploration Through Twitter Pierre J. Bertrand,1 Savannah L. Niles,2 and Dava J. Newman1,3 turn back now would be to deny our history, our capabilities,’’ said James Michener.1 The aerospace industry has successfully 1 Man-Vehicle Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astro- commercialized Earth applications for space technologies, but nautics; 2Media Lab, Department of Media Arts and Sciences; and 3 human space exploration seems to lack support from both fi- Department of Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of nancial and human public interest perspectives. Space agencies Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. no longer enjoy the political support and public enthusiasm that historically drove the human spaceflight programs. If one uses ABSTRACT constant year dollars, the $16B National Aeronautics and While space-based technologies for Earth applications are flourish- Space Administration (NASA) budget dedicated for human ing, space exploration activities suffer from a lack of public aware- spaceflight in the Apollo era has fallen to $7.9B in 2014, of ness as well as decreasing budgets. However, space exploration which 41% is dedicated to operations covering the Internati- benefits are numerous and include significant science, technological onal Space Station (ISS), the Space Launch System (SLS) and development, socioeconomic benefits, education, and leadership Orion, and commercial crew programs.2 The European Space contributions. Recent robotic exploration missions have
    [Show full text]