English Through Sport

O’ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI OLIY VA O’RTA MAXSUS TA’LIM VAZIRLIGI

ANDIJON DAVLAT UNIVERSITETI

ASHUROVA NODIRA RAFIQOVNA

ENGLISH THROUGH SPORT

5111200 - Jismoniy madaniyat bakalavriat ta’lim yo’nalishi talabalari uchun DARSLIK

ANDIJON-2020

ENGLISH THROUGH SPORT

ASHUROVA NODIRA RAFIQOVNA

Mazkur darslik sport yonalishi talabalari uchun mo’ljallangan bo’lib, ingliz tilida mutaxassislik bo’yicha maxsus adabiyotlarni va sohaga oid ma’lumotlarni tinglab tushunish va o’qib tushunishni o’rgatishdan iborat. Grammatik va phonetik mashqlar til ko’nikma va bilimlarni boyitadi. Darslikda berilgan glosssariy sport sohasiga oid so’z boylikni oshirishda yordam beradi. Darslik 5111200 – Jismoniy madaniyat bakalavriat ta’lim yo’nalishi talabalari uchun yaratilgan.

Taqrizchilar: Vositov V. – ADU, “Ingiliz tili va adabiyoti” kafedrasi mudiri f.f.n. dotsenti.

To’xtaxo’jayev X.B. – ADU, “Jismoniy madaniyat nazariyasi va metodikasi“ kafedrasi mudiri p.f.f.d.

Akbarova Sh. – O’zJTU Ingliz tilini o’qitish metodikasi kafedrasi o’qituvchisi, Pedagogika fanlari bo’yicha falsafa doktori,(PhD)

SO’Z BOSHI

O`zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining 2017-yil 20-aprelda 2909 “Oliy ta’lim tizimini yanada rivojlantirish chora-tadbirlari to’g’risida Oliy ta’lim muassasalarining moddiy texnika bazasini mustaxkamlash va yuqori malakali mutaxassislar tayyorlash sifatini tubdan yahshilash chora- tadbirlari, Yangi avlod o’quv adabiyotlarini yaratish va ularni oily ta’lim muassasalarining ta’lim jarayoniga keng tadbiq etish, oliy ta’lim muassasalarini zamonaviy o’quv, o’quv- metodik va ilmiy adabiyotlar bilan ta’minlash qarori qabul qilingan”. Ushbu qarorning ijrosi yuzasidan Jismoniy Madaniyat yo`nalishida tahsil olayotgan 3-kurs talabalari uchun bu darslik ishlab chiqildi. Darslikni yaratishda “Yo`nalishga kirish” fani asos bo`lib xizmat qildi. Darslik aynan sport yo’nalishi talabalariga mo’ljallangab bo`lib, tinglab tushinish, o`qish, yozish va gapirish ko`nikmalarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgandir. Darslik 224 bet 14 bosma taboqni tashkil etadi. Darslik yettita bobni o’z ichiga olgan bo’lib, 1-2-3-4-6 boblarga to’ttadan, 5-7-boblarga beshtadan dars kiritilgan. Bular 1 bob, fanga kirish qismi, II bob - Bayramlar va sport, III bob - Sport va sport o’yinlari, IV bob - Dunyo bo’ylab sport, V bob - Sport va sog’lik, VI bob - Sportning afzalligi va noafzalligi, VII bob - O’zbek milliy o’yinlari, sportga oid izohli lug’at, mavzuga oid testlar tinglab tushunish masqlarining javob kalitlari va foydalanilgan adabiyotlar ro’yxatidan iborat. Ushbu darlik 60 soatlik darsga mo’ljallangan bo’lib asosan sport yo’nalishidagi talabalarni ingliz tiliga o’rgatishga qaratilgan. Undan sportga ixtisoslashgan kollejlar va universitetning jismoniy madaniyat fakulteti talabalariga sport atamalarini ingliz tilida o’rgatishda asosiy vosita sifatida foydalanish mumkin. Shuningdek darslikni ingliz tilini o’rganuvchi 5111200- jismoniy madaniyat bakalavriyat ta’lim yo’nalishi talabalariga darslik sifatida foydalanishga tavsiya etish bilan birga umid qilib qolamanki talabalar uchun ushbu darslik kerakli va foydali bo`lib hizmat qiladi. Muallif [email protected] 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION LESSON 1.

ABOUT MYSELF

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning a b

с d

READING. Activity 1. ABOUT MYSELF

First of all let me introduce myself. My name is Dilshod. My family name is Akbarov. I am seventeen. I live in Andijan and it’s my native city. I have just left school, have passed the entrance exams and have entered the university. Now I am a full-time studentof the Andijan State Pedagogical University. I am going to be a sport teacher. I like my future profession and I am going to do my

best to become a good specialist. I was born on the 3 of June 2000. Like many other children I went to the kindergarten. At the age of 7 I went to school. My school was next to my home. I was very proud when I became a pupil. I was good at Math, Physics, Chemistry, but I was quite bad at History. I live together with my parents and my younger sister. I was born in a family of an economist and a doctor. As to my appearance I am tall and slim. I have a good complexion. I think I am even-tempered, calm. I am an outgoing person. I think I take after my mother. I am friendly and hospitable. I like to invite my friends at home at meet them in the café. We often get together to play different games, to go for a walk or to the disco. We like to laugh and joke. I have got a sense of humor. It means that I understand humor and appreciate it. We go to the parties with my friends. We like to dance, have coffee and soft drinks. I like when somebody plays the guitar. But I myself don’t play any musical instrument. Certainly we talk a lot about life, our problems. But now I can’t afford to spend much time for entertainment. I am fond of reading books. I prefer adventure books and sport magazines. Some detective stories are interesting too. It is considered that detective stories can’t be regarded as the real literature. I don’t agree with this. Everything depends on the skill and gift of the writer. I like music, especially rock music. I trygo in for sport regularly. But if I have a possibility, I go to the swimming pool. I also like to play different ball games such as volleyball, basketball. Every day I go the gym. In summer time I like yachting. In winter time I go skiing and play hockey. Sometimes I like to stay home alone, especially when I need some relaxation. Then I listen to music, watch television or read books. I like travelling very much. Every summer we go to the seaside. If I have some free time, I go to the cinema.

Vocabulary adventure books sarguzasht kitoblar to afford urinmoq, harakat qilmoq to appreciate qadrlamoq to be fond of something bir narsaga qiziqmoq to consider ...deb o’ylamoq to depend on ...ga tegishli to do my best eng zo’r ish entrance exams kirish sin even-tempered Vazmin to go in for sport sport bilan shug’ullanmoq good complexion yaxshi ko’rinish to be good at something bir narsa yaxshi bo’lmoq to be quite bad at bir nimada biroz yomon something bo’lmoq a full-time student kunduzgi kurs talabasi to need some relaxation biroz zavqlanish outgoing person kirishimli odam soft drinks alkogolsiz ichimliklar to take after ... ga o’xshamoq

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions.

1) Do you go to the university? 2) Do you have a job? 3) Are you the only child in the family? 4) Do you have a pet? 5) Do you go in for sport? 6) Do you like reading?

7) Do you live in Samarqand? 8) Do you have a lot of friends? 10. Discuss questions with your group mates. 1) How old are you? 2) How tall are you? 3) Do you like sport? 4) Do you have your own room? 5) Where are you from? 6) What color are your eyes? 7) What’s your favorite color? 8) What is your favorite season? 9) What is your favorite sport team? 10) What television programs do you like? 11) What is your strong point? 12) How many people are in your family? 13) What kind of car do you like? 14) What is your favorite food? 15) Are you quite or loud? 16) What is your favorite band? 17) What is your weak point? 18) Who is your favorite actor or actress? 19) What is your favorite university subject? 20) What do you like about yourself? 21) How often do you eat at the restaurant?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening First of all let me introduce myself. My name is Asal. I am seventeen years old. I am a first year student at the Andijan state University. My future profession is … . There are two more kids in the family besides – my elder brother Odil and my younger sister Madina. Odil is … … , he attends a University, he will be a dentist. Madina is only twelve, she is a school-girl. I forgot … … one more member of our family. It’s our favorite poodle Baroqvoy. My parents are not old at all. My mum is forty, she works for newspaper. My Dad is forty-four, he is an engineer in … . My parents love their jobs very much. I do quite well at the university. My parents are proud of my marks. I … … … sports. I play basket-ball. In summer time I like yachting and windsurfing. I take part in different basket-ball competitions. I am always very busy, but when I have free time I like to read books. My favorite writer is Abdulla Qahhor. I like to go to the museums and … …. . My favorite painter is Rembrandt. I have a lot of friends. But my best friend is Mavjuda. I like to travel. My parents and I have visited many ancient towns. I am on friendly terms with my parents. I am very happy.

WRITING. Activity 4.

VERB TO BE Darak Inkor So’roq Qisqa javob

I am a student I am not a Am I a Yes, I student student? am. No, I am not You are a doctor You are not Are you Yes, you a baby a doctor? are. No, you aren’t. He is an economist He is not a Is he an Yes, he doctor economist? is. No, he isn’t. She is a mother She is not Is she a Yes, she a pu-pil mother? is. No, she isn’t. It is a cat It is not a Is it a cat? Yes, it is. dog No, it isn’t. We are students We are not Are we Yes, we di-rectors students? are. No, we aren’t. They are doctors They are not Are they Yes, they doctors doctors? are. No, they aren’t.

Activity 5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb to be 1) I …a student. 2) Karimov … an economist. 3) We … from Uzbekistan. 4) You …. brothers.

5) My teachers … very good specialists.

6) Fergana .. my native city. 7) I … lazy. 8) My birthday … on the first of January.

9) I have a sister and a brother. Their names …. Muroda and Sanjar. 10) We …. all friendly in our family. Pronunciation Voiced Voiceless

[b] boat verb [p] post stop [d] deed lead [t] tease seat [g] god dog [k] kiss sickcase doc

[v] verb brave [f] fish leaf [z] zoo ooze [s] sick kisscease nice [ʒ] usual pleasure [∫] shake cash [h] home heir [ʧ] check catch [ʤ] judge ginger [m] mate tame [ɳ] sing singer [l] life clear [r] road door

It is interesting to know!  Fishing is the biggest participant sports in the world.  Football (soccer) is the most attended and watched (on TV) sport in the world.

LESSON 2.

MY FAMILY

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning

a b c

READING. Activity 1. My family.

I am Shahnoza Akbarova. I am seventeen years old. I would like to tell you a few words about my family. My family is big. I have got a mother, a father, a sister, a brother, and a grandmother. There are six of us in the family. I think I take after my father, I am tall, fairhaired, and even-tempered. We have got a lot of relatives. We are attached to one another and get on very well. First of all, some words about my parents. My mother is a teacher of History. She works in a college. She likes her profession. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair. She is forty-one but she looks much younger. She is tall and slim. My father is a computer programmer. He is a broad-shouldered, tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is forty-seven. My mother likes going to the swimming pool. She likes to cook, to read classical literature, listen music and dance. My father likes fishing. Also my father likes to sing and when we are at home and have some free time, I play the guitar and we sing together. My father knows all about new TV sets and likes to repair old ones. He is also handy with many things.

My parents are hard-working people. My mother keeps the house and takes care of all of us. She is very good at cooking. She is very practical. My father and I try to help her with the housework. I wash the dishes, go shopping and tidy up our flat. My grandmother is retired. She lives with us and helps to run the house. She is fond of knitting. My sister Munojot is twenty-four. She works as an accountant for a joint stock company. Her husband is a scientist. They have got twins: a daughter and a son. They go to a nursery school. My brother Akmal is eleven. He is a schoolboy. He wants to become a doctor but he is not sure yet. I want to become a student. I’d like to learn foreign languages. I have many friends. They are very good and we like to spend our time together. We do everything what is interesting for a teenager – talk, dance, listen to music. I am happy to have nice friends and a good family. I hope that my dreams will come true. Vocabulary to be attached to one another bir-biriga mahkam bog’lanmoq to be retired iste’foga chiqmoq broad-shouldered keng yelkali fair-haired yorqin rangli soch to get on well Kirishimli good-looking Kelishgan to keep the house uyni ozoda tutmoq nursery school bolalar bog’chasi to run the house ro'zg'orni yuritmoq scientist Olim to take after o’xshamoq to take care g’amho’rlik qilmoq to tidy up flat xonani yig’ishtirmoq to try xarakat qilmoq twins Egizaklar

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Say True or False. 1. Shahnoza is sixteen. 2. Shahnoza’s family is small. 3. Her mother is a teacher of History. 4. Her father is a driver. 5. She has a brother and a sister. 6. Her sister is not married. 7. Shaxnoza’s brother goes to school. 8. Shaxnoza wants to become a student. Look at the following list of personality traits. Decide if they are good or bad. Generous, well-travelled, stingy, moody, kind, mean, reliable, honest, ambitious, rude, well-educated, warmhearted, lazy, outgoing, easygoing, stubborn, unreliable, deceitful, intelligent, polite, greedy, impatient, hardworking, shy, ignorant, thoughtful, affectionate, arrogant, obnoxious. Which of these traits describe you? Which of these traits describe your father? Your mother? Find words, connected with the word family Noun adjective verb parent friendly get on well

Who does these chores in your house?

Wash the dishes, clean the bathroom, do the laundry, buy groceries, cook breakfast, sweep the floor, make lunch,

clean the windows, cook dinner, put away books and clothes, fix things, water the flowers and plants, make your bed, take out garbage,

do the dishes.

LISTENING. Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening. The british family. The English are a nation of stay-at-home. «There is no place like home» they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. «The English man home is his … » is a saying known all over the world. And it is true.

A typical British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been … by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one …. in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more ….than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents. Another change has been caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives, there are many households which consist of only one person or one person and children. You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the … of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for the second family. Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles on order to spend the holidays together. In general, … … is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group.

WRITING. Activity 4.There is , there are.

darak gap inkor darak gap so'roq gap Qisqa javoblar There isa cat on the There is not a Is there a Yes, there is. chair. cat on the chair. cat on the Yes, there are. There are books on chair? No, there isn’t. There are not the table. Are there No, there aren’t. books on the bookson table. the table?

Activity 5. Write sentences by putting the words in the correct order. Add capital letters and full stops. 1) cinema/my/in/there/street/a/is There is a cinema is my street. 2) on/eighty/the/people/island/are/there 3) in/three/this/there/supermarkets/are/town 4) TV/on/there/great/is/a/program 5) there/three/are/new/sports shops/in/our town 6) is/there/the/sea/in/ice 7) island/on/good places/for diving/there/the/are 8) mobile/bag/phone/my/there’s/a/in. Circle the correct form. 1) There isn’t/aren’t a cinema in my village. 2) There isn’t/aren’t cars on the island. 3) There isn’t/aren’t an E in DIVING. 4) There isn’t/aren’t a toilet in this shop. 5) There isn’t/aren’t computers in that café. 6) There isn’t/aren’t answers to these questions.

7) There isn’t/aren’t good discos in this town.

8) There isn’t/aren’t an encyclopedia in the library.

Pronunciation. The suffix of the plural form is For example: buses, foxes, brushes, pronounced: /iz/ when the noun ends in torches, roses. a(n)/s/, /ks/, /∫/, /t∫/ ,/z/ sound

The suffix of the plural form is For example: cliffs, books, shops, cats, pronounced:/s/ when the noun ends in myths. a(n) /f/,/k/,/p/,/t/ sound. The suffix of the third person singular is For example: laughs, kicks, stops, sits. pronounced:/s/ when the verb ends in /f/,/k/,/p/ or /t/ sounds.

It is interesting to know!

 The first AFL/NFL championship to be called a “Super Bowl” was Super bowl III; on January 12, 1969 the New York Jets beat the Baltimore Colts 16 – 7 at the Orange Bowl. Super Bowl I was held on January 15, 1967 in Los Angeles where the Green Bay Packers beat Kansas City Chiefs by 35 to 10.  The Dalas Cowboys and the Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl appearances – 8 each.

LESSON 3.

HOBBIES Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b c d

READING. Activity 1. Hobbies.

Hobby is a favorite occupation of a person in his free time.I have many friends. They are very different and they have different kinds of hobbies. One of my girl-friends, for example, likes to knit very much. Another girl-friend of mine spends all her free time sewing things: skirts, blouses, dresses. She makes it nicely and she always looks fine. One of my friends likes to make everything with his own hands. He can repair an iron, a radio-set, or a tape recorder. I think it’s a very good hobby. Many people are very fond of collecting. They collect something at some period in his life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches. Some collections have no real value, other become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries.Many world-famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books, and other art objects. Such private collections are sometimes given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them. As for me, my hobby is collecting stamps. Now I have 5 albums full of stamps. I like to sit at the table in the evening and arrange new stamps in the

albums or just look through the stamps. Each stamp has a story to tell about distant countries and new people. I see pictures of people, birds and animals which I have never seen. Kings and presidents pass before my eyes and I can follow the history of whole nations. My hobby is not only wonderful but is also very useful. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste, you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Gardening is one of the oldest man’s hobbies. It is a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning much from it. Learning new things can be the most exciting hobby.

Vocabulary according to your character xarakteriga ko’ra to be fond of something biror nimaga qiziqmoq differ boshqa, farq distant countries uzoqdagi o’lkalar exciting hayajonlantiruvchi good deal of money yahshi tushum handicraft xalq amaliy san’ati to have no real value qadrsizlanish knit to’qish make everything with his own Hamma narsani o’z qo’li bilan hands bajarmoq make it nicely yaxshi bajarmoq pass before my eyes ko’z oldimdan o’tmoq repair ta’mirlamoq sew Tikmoq

take pleasure Bajonudil valuable Qimmatli

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Say True or False. 1. There aren’t a lot of hobbies in the world. 2. A lot of people collect something. 3. The author collects books. 4. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture. 5. You can’t learn a lot from hobbies. Answer the questions. 1. Do you have a lot of free time? 2. Do you have any hobbies? 3. Do you collect something? 4. What hobbies do you know? 5. Do you like sport activities? 6. Do you prefer to spend your leisure time at home or to go out somewhere?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening. Two friends discuss about their hobbies. Haydar: What do you do in your l… … ? Sanjar: It depends. H: For example? S: I enjoy music, do …. , read books. H: Anything else? S: As I have told you this is my routine. S: Say something about yourself.

H: I have only one hobby. S: That's? H: That's reading good books on …. … …. . S: What a bore you are! H: In my opinion, book - this is the best enjoyment. S: Don't you become fed up with books? H: Never ever. S: What about travelling? H: I am not crazy, but, sometimes, I do. S: Isn't it a bit expensive enjoyment? H: Yes, it is but you can manage somehow. H: What are you … about? S: It depends on mood. H: If your mood is good then you do what? S: I enjoy pop music. H: Can pop music be called music in the true sense? S: Yes, why not. H: Doesn't it seem a bit childish? S: No way, enjoyment means … . S: It is at least better than reading books. H: There is no comparison between pop music and books. S: It's your point of view. H: I am sorry, perhaps, I have … you. S: No. No it is not so. H: This way or that way leisure is a must. S: No doubt it is.

WRITING. Activity 4. Present simple .

Bo’lishli Bo’lishsiz Savol shakli Qisqa javob I play I don’t play Do I play? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. You listen to You don’t listen to Doyou listen to Yes, I do. music music music? No, I don’t. He writes He doesn’t write Does he write? Yes, he does. No, she doesn’t.

She speaks She doesn’t speak Does she speak? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.

It sleeps It doesn’t sleep Does it sleep? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t. We study We don’t study Do we study? Yes, we do. No, we don’t. They travel They don’t travel Do they travel? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.

Complete the second sentence with the negative form of the underlined verb. 1. Icome from Samarqand. I don’t come from Qoqand. 2. Nilufarstudies at the university, she ………at school. 3. Madinaspeaks English, she ……………………… French. 4. My sister collects books, she …………………… postcards. 5. Ilike going to the disco, I ………………….stay indoors on weekends. 6. Weplay volleyball. We …………………….hockey. 7. Hetakes photos of people. He …………….photos of animals. 8. Theylike jazz. They ………..rock music. Pronunciation.

“The”is pronounced /ᶞₔ/ before words which begin with a consonant For example: the glass, the baby. sound. “The” is pronounced /ᶞ:/ before words For example: the egg, the apple. which begin with a vowel sound.

It is interesting to know!

 The Pittsburgh Stellers have won the most Super Bowl titles–6 championships. The Dallas Cowboys and San Francisco 49ers each won 5 times.  Boxing became a legal sport in 1901.

LESSON 4.

MY WORKING DAY.

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b c

READING. Activity 1. My working day.

Let me introduce myself. My name is Dasha and I’m the first year student at the university, where I’m studying Physics. My elder sister Svetlana studies History at the same University. Svetlana can organize her time wisely, whereas I don’t know 23

what order I should do things in. I find it hard to get up on time, and usually I don’t get enough sleep. I have to wind two alarm-clocks to make sure I don’t oversleep. My sister, an early riser, is awake by 7 o’clock, refreshed and full of energy. While I’m wandering round the kitchen, fighting the urge to go back to bed, my sister manages to have a quick shower, make her bed, put on make-up, do her hair eat a full breakfast and set off to the university. It takes me an hour and a half to get ready. I have a hasty bite and rush out of the house. Even I catch a bus at once I still arrive at the university 15 minutes late, which always makes me feel guilty. My studies keep me busy all day long. I have 10 hours of Physics a week. I also have lectures and seminars. At lunchtime I meet up with my sister and we have a snack at the university café. After classes I make myself go to the library where I spend about six hours a week reading for my seminars. My sister and I come home tired. I always find excuse to put my homework off. Unlike me, my sister manages to do the housework and get down to homework. I like the idea of going to bed early, but quite often I have to sit up late, brushing up on tasks and formulas, though I feel sleepy. My sister says that keeping late hours ruins one’s health. Of course I agree. In the evening I usually watch TV or some films in the computer, read books, make order at home, listen music, chat with my friends. Sometimes I go for a walk, go to the shop. Once a week I visit my grandparents. As my sister and I don’t get any time off during the week, we try to relax on the weekends. One of my greatest pleasures is to lie in bed and read my favorite books. My sister is a sporty person. To keep herself feet, Sveta goes for a run in the park; from time to time she works out in the gym. I hate staying in, and sometimes on Saturday night my sister takes me out to the concert or a play. Sometimes we go to a party or to a disco. But more often I end up catching up on my studies and my sister goes out. I go to bed at 11 or 12 o’clock.

Vocabulary to arrive at the university 15 universitetga 15 minut kechikib kelmoq minutes late to be full of energy kuch-quvvatga to’la bo’lmoq to be refreshed o’zini tetik his qilish to be a sporty person sport odami bo’lmoq to brush up on tasks and formulas Topshiriq va formulani qayta o’rganib an early riser erta turmoq to eat a full breakfast yaxshilab nonushta qilmoq to feel sleepy uxlashni hohlamoq to find excuse o’zini oqlamoq to get any time har qanday paytda to get down to homework uy vazifasini bajarmoq to get enough sleep yetarlicha uxlamoq to have 10 hours of sport in a week haftada 10 soat sport to keep busy band bo’lmoq to keep feet formada bo’lmoq to keep late hours kech qolmoq to organize time wisely vaqtni ratsional tashkil qilmoq to put homework off uy vazifasini bajarilishini to’htatib turmoq to put on make-up pardoz qilmoq seminar seminar to sit up late kechgacha o’tirmoq to wind buramoq to work out in the gym o’z ustida sport zalida ishlamoq

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Look at the pictures below and say what can be said about you and what cannot. Pattern: She usually gets up at 6, but I don’t. I get up at seven. She usually has breakfast at 8, so do I. I have breakfast at 8.

Activity 3. Answer the questions. What do you usually do?

What do you usually do in the evening?

I usually read comic books

1. What time do you usually get up? 2. What time do you usually eat breakfast? 3. What time do you usually go to the university?

4. What do you usually do after university? 5. What do you usually eat for lunch? 6. What do you usually eat for breakfast? 7. What do you usually wear to the university? 8. What do you usually do in the evening? 9. What do you usually do on the weekend? 10. What do you usually watch on TV?

LISTENING. Activity 4. While listening try to put missing words.

Student’s working day.

I usually start my day with getting up and doing all the things that everybody does in the morning: washing, having breakfast, etc. also I got used to gather my learning tools: pencils, exercise-books, text-books in the morning. Then I usually go to the university. … , father takes a car every morning and he often picks me up and drives me to the doors of our university building. And soon the lectures and lessons begin. We have from 2 to 4 lectures every time, depending on day. I like studying in the university more that at school because in university is mostly allowed to miss some lectures (of course, later you should take a … from your mate and copy it). So, a student is more free, than pupil is. After the lessons I usually return home where I have dinner and start thinking about my ways of … the rest of the day. Very often I go to my friend’s places. During the early autumn and summer I often go to the … -… or on the beach. I also like visiting different sport events, for example, soccer, volley-ball, tennis. So, the world is full of enjoyable things to do.

On returning home I usually start doing my homework (perhaps it is the most dull part of the day). Having finished it, I open a book and read it or watch TV. At last, I go to the bed. Of course I would like to tell you more about myself and my working day, but, … my time is rather limited and I have got a lot of homework to do. Generally you know about my working day enough.

WRITING. Activity 5. PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Darak gap Inkor gap So’roq gap Qisqa javoblar I played tennis. I didn’t play Did I play Yes, I did. tennis tennis? No, I didn’t. You listened to You didn’t Did you listen to Yes, you did. No, music. listen to music the music? you didn’t. He repaired a He didn’t repair Did he repair a Yes, he did. computer. a computer computer? No, he didn’t. She danced at She didn’t Did she dance at Yes, she did. No, she school. dance at school. school? didn’t. It helped. It didn’t help. Did it help? Yes, it did. No, it didn’t. We studied at the We didn’t study Did we study? Yes, we did. No, we university. at the university didn’t. They worked in the They didn’t They didn’t work Yes, they did. No, garden. work in the in the garden. they didn’t. garden. a) How to ask a special question. 1. What book did you read? 2. How did you read book? 3. When did you read a book? 28

4. What time did you read a book?

5. Why did you read this book? 6. Who did you read the book to?

7. How often did you read books? b) Make a special questions, using these expressions.

Listen music, watch a film, play computer games, go to the shop, meet your friends, help your mother, arrive at the university, sit up late, do the homework, translate texts, work in the garden, go to the cinema, swim in the sea, drink coffee, wash the dishes, ask for the help, pass exams. Pronunciation.The vowel [˄]

1. ugly up

2. bud but

3. dug duck

4. love luck

It is interesting to know!

 More than 100 million people hold hunting licenses.  Jean Genevieve Garnerin was the first female parachutists, jumping from a hot air balloon in 1799.

LESSON 5. UNIT II HOLIDAYS AND SPORT Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b с

d e

READING. Activity 1.Our university and sport events I think everybody knows that education is necessary to be successful in our life. I would like to work in the field of physical culture and sports in future and to become a professional sportsman and a basketball coach. To get my profession I need a university graduation. So after finishing school I passed the entrance exams and entered Andijan State University, the faculty of physical education. It will be a long course – four years of hard and constant studies: lectures, seminars, practical classes and test periods. The academic year lasts for 10 months and there are vacations twice a year: in winter and summer. I feel proud of my faculty as among its graduates are the winners of many Olympic Games and the world champions.

The University is very old, it was founded in 1955 near the centre of the city. It was named for the talented poet and King Zakhiriddin Mukhammad Bobur. The establishment has developed rapidly since then, now it has become one of the largest universities of Uzbekistan. Today it gives students an opportunity to choose higher and post-graduate educational programs for more than 20 professions. The education is provided by qualified specialists, professors and doctors. There are 12 full-time faculties at the University which enroll more than 6000 students. There are the faculties of Music and Art, Foreign languages, Psychology, Science, History and Philology, Pre-school education and many others. The University includes 6 academic buildings with spacious classrooms, a modern library, a reading-room, well-equipped laboratories and workshops, computer rooms, gymnasiums and dining-rooms."Universiade -2010" was held in Andijan. The competition was attended by 14 national teams representing all regions of the country. In total, 176 gold, 176 silver and 191 bronze medals were won during the Universiade.According to the results of the competition, the first place in the team event was taken by the Tashkent national team. The national team of the city, which accepted this wonderful sports holiday - Andijan, rose to the second step of the podium. The owners of bronze medals were athletes of the national team of the Navoi region. The winners of the “Universiade -2010” were solemnly presented with gifts from the President of Uzbekistan.Athletes who showed the highest results in various sports were awarded diplomas and valuable gifts. I’m sure that studying at Andijan State University will give you much knowledge, in theory and practice, and prepare you for effective and interesting work.

Vocabulary: to enter an institute –institutga kirmoq an establishment - muassasa a department – bo’lim geographical – geografiyaga oid biological – biologiyaga oid

tostudy – o’qimoq tutorial – amaliy mashg’ulot to take notes of the lectures –leksiyani konspekt qilmoq a term - semestr to take an exam – imtihon topshirmoq to fail in an exam –imtihondan yiqilmoq an internal student - kunduzgi bo’lim talabasi an external student –sirtqi bo’lim talabasi an extra - mural department –sirtqi bo’lim free of charge - bepul miss classes –mashg’ulotni qoldirmoq a school - leaver - bitiruvchi

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions: 1. Who may enter higher educational establishments? 2. Are there many institutes and universities in our country? 3. What is education in our country? 4. Who gets grants? 5. What University do you study at? 6. How many faculties and departments are there at your University and what are they? 7. How often do the external students come to the University? 8. What subjects do you study? 9. Is it easy to study by correspondence? (to be an external student). 10. What do you do during examination sessions?

LISTENING. Activity 3. While listening try to put missing words. I think everybody knows that education is necessary to be … in our life. I would like to work in the field of physical culture and sports in future and to become a professional sportsman and a basketball coach. To get my profession I need a university graduation. So after finishing school I passed the entrance exams and entered Andijan State University, the faculty of …. …. . It will be a long course – four years of hard and … …. : lectures, seminars, practical classes and test periods. The academic year lasts for 10 months and there are vacations twice a year: in winter and summer. I feel proud of my faculty as among its … are the winners of many Olympic games and the world champions.

WRITING. Activity 4. PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

The present continuous tense in English is formed by adding a verb in gerund to the verb to be in the present simple tense. USE EXAMPLE For actions happening now. What are you doinghere?

For activities happening around now, I’m workingon a project at the moment. but perhaps not at the moment of speaking.

To express a temporary activity. Erik is a student, but he’s workingas a barman during the holidays. To express planned futurearrangements I’m visitinga customer tomorrow.

SPELLING OF –ING FORMS most verbs: Work- working, read-reading, verbs ending in –e: Make-making, write-writing.. short verbs ending in one vowel + one Stop-stopping, sit-sitting, run-running.. consonant: verbs ending in -ie: Lie-lying, die-dying, tie-tying...

Activity 5. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 1. David and Terry are studing very hard for the exam. 2. The Sullivan’s is moving their stuff somewhere else. 3. Maryam is carring a box of tools. 4. Farhod and Ravshan are lieing on the sofa. 5. When are your team plaing again? 6. Most engineers are aplying for a scholarship to study abroad. 7. Some workers is paking items in the packaging department. 8. Our management are thinking about giving us a pay rise. Pronunciation.The vowel [e] aid eight take Bay Bade bate Day days date Stay tail cake Kay cave

It is interesting to know!  In 1975, Junko Tabei from Japan became the first woman to reach the top of Everest.  The record for the most major league baseball career innings is held by Cy Young, with 7,356 innings.

LESSON 6. HOLIDAYS IN ENGLAND Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b

c d

READING. Activity 1. Holidays in England. Like all the people of the world the British people also have many holidays. The most traditional of them are: Christmas, the New Year, St.Valentine’s Day, April Fool’s Day, Halloween and others. Christmas is a religious holiday. It is celebrated on December 25 as the birthday of Christ who is the Prophet of Christians. Traditionally the British people decorate their trees on Christmas Eve - that’s December 24th. They take down the decorations twelve days later, on Twelfth night (January 5th). An older tradition is Christmas mistletoe. People put a piece of this green plant with its white berries over a door. Mistletoe brings good luck, people say. Also, at Christmas British people kiss their friends and family under the mistletoe.

In Great Britain the New Year is not so widely celebrated as Christmas. The most common type of is a New Year party. When the clock strikes twelve everyone wishes everyone else “A Happy New Year”. Then toasts, kisses, handshakes and usually “Auld Lang Syne” is sung. The rest of the night is spent in eating, drinking, singing and dancing. After midnight many people visit friends and neighbours. February 14th is St. Valentine’s Day. St.Valentine is the saint of people in love. On that day people in love send a Valentine’s card or present to a person whom they are in love with or to somebody they admire. But traditionally they must never write their name on it. Some British newspapers have a page for St.Valentine’s Day messages on February 14th. It is interesting to note that some young people look forward to Valentine’s Day hoping to receive many cards. April 1st is April Fool’s Day in Great Britain. They say that this very old tradition dates from the Middle Ages when the servants were masters for one day of the year. They gave orders to their masters and their masters had to obey. But now April Fool’s Day is different. The first day of April is a Day when people hoax their friends with jokes like sending them to the teacher’s room to take something special if they are pupils or telling them to dig a hole because the dog.

Vocabulary religious –diniy bayram mistletoe-omela (mevasi oq va zaharli buta) krismas bayrami arafasida uy ichini bezash sifatida ishlatiladi look forward to- diqqatini ma’lum yo’nalishga yo’naltirmoq servants - xizmatchilar

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Read the following questions and answer them. 1. What are the most traditional holidays in Great Britain? 2. What do the British people do on Christmas Eve? 3. When do they take down the decorations? 36

4. What do people do with mistletoe on Christmas Day? 5. What does the word “to hoax” mean? 6. How do people hoax one another on “April Fool’s Day”? 7. When did people in pre-Christmas Britain celebrate the beginning of the year? 8. How do the British people celebrate Halloween at present? 9. What do people make from pumpkin? 10.What does the lantern look like in a dark? 11. What do adults and children play at Halloween parties?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Read, translate and dramatize the dialogue.

Nasiba: Hi, Odina! Odina: Hi, Nasiba! Nasiba: I say, Odina, let me ask you some questions on the topic “Holidays of Great Britain”. Odina: Do, please! I’ll be glad if I can help you. Nasiba: They say that on Halloween parties the children play different merry games. Do you know any of these plays? Odina: Oh, yes, I’ve read it recently in one book. Nasiba: Oh, really, how nice of you. Please, do your best! Odina: One of the merry games is called “DUCK APPLE”. Nasiba: Oh, what game is it? Why is it called so? Odina: OK, listen, my darling. A large bowl is filled with cold, sometimes soapy water and a number of apples floated in it. One or two players at a time get down on their knees and, with their hands tied behind their backs, try to get hold of one of the apples with their teeth. When they have done this they must lift the apple out of the basin. If they do this they may eat it.

Nasiba: Oh, what an interesting game it is! Odina: Let me tell you another one. Nasiba: Oh, please, it must be more interesting. Odina: Yes, it’s very interesting. The game is called “FORKING FOR APPLES”. This is similar to Duck Apple, but when the player’s hands have been tied behind his back a fork is placed between his teeth. He has to kneel on or lean over the chair beside the basin and must try to stab one of the floating apples and lift it out. Nasiba: Oh, how is interesting! Odina: Yes, now, I’ll tell you the most interesting one. Nasiba: Oh, thank you, do, please! Odina: This one is called “BOB APPLE”. First of all some of sort of hook must be available over a doorway. An apple is corded and the end of the length of string about a yard long is tied to the hook. The string is twisted and the apple is sent spinning round on the end of the string, and people in turn try to catch the apple with their mouth and eat as big a mouthful as they can. Nasiba: Oh, thank you, Odina. It was so interesting to listen to you. I think we must enter the classroom. Odina: OK! Come along, then.

WRITING. Activity 4. PAST CONTINUOUS.

The past continuous is used to "set the scene", or provide (longer) background information. 1. The young couple was walking home after the party. 2. They were speaking excitedly about their plans. We tend to use the past continuous tense to speak about more temporary situations and actions: I was working in that bookshop for a few days last summer.

5. Write the past continuous of the following verbs: WORK DREAM STUDYRECOVER Complete the following blanks with the appropriated tense: Last night, while I was doing my homework, Jason (call)...... She said she (call)...... me on her cell phone from her biology classroom. I asked her if she (wait)...... for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (talk)...... to me. I couldn’t believe she (make)...... a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on. 6. Complete the following sentences with Simple Past or Past Continuous: 1. I (work) very hard last night. 2. I was (work) hard when the earthquake started. 3. The sun...... (rise) when he arrived in Bukhara. 4. They ...... (have) coffee when the mail came. 5. I...... (study) at the Andijan State University . 6. The company ...... (rent) office space in that tall building. 7. When the police arrived, they...... (shout) at each other. 8. The secretary...... (type) a letter for her boss. 9. They ...... (buy) a house in the suburbs last year. 10. While I...... (hammer) a piece of metal she was cooking. Pronunciation.

The suffix of the third person singular is pronounced: /iz/ when the verb ends in /s/, /∫/, /t∫/, /dᶾ/, or /z/ sounds. For example: kisses, washes, watches, changes, closes. Contrast [s] and [z] sea z Sip zip seal zeal Sue zoo Bus razor Sentences: 1. Sue didn’t see any zebra at the zoo. 2. Cell phones buzz here and there on the bus. 39

It is interesting to know!

 The Major League Baseball teams use about 850,000 balls per season.  The first instance of global electronic communications took place in 1871 when news of the Derby winner was telegraphed from London to Calcutta in

under 5 minutes.

LESSON 7.

Look at the pictures and Guess the meaning a b

READING. Activity 1. Holidays in Uzbekistan. The Uzbek people like holidays. There are many holidays in Uzbekistan. They are: March 8 - Women’s Day, March 21 - Navruz, May 9 - A Day of Memory, September 1 - Independence Day, October 1 - Teachers’ Day, December 8 - Constitution Day, January 1 - New Year’s Day and Muslim holidays: Ramadan and Qurbon Hayit and some others. On Women’s Day men congratulate women on their holiday. Sons and daughters give their mothers presents. The most common present of men to women is flowers. It may also be a dress, a shawl, a perfume and anything else. Navruz is the spring holiday which is widely celebrated as the beginning of the Eastern New Year. Navruz is a holiday of youth, beauty and creation. The people of Uzbekistan decorate streets, squares and parks. On this day music, songs and laughter are heard everywhere which shows that people have much fun. The Uzbek people celebrate this holiday with traditional and national foods. Sumalak is the most traditional food which is made of wheat sprouts. A Day of Memory is not a traditional holiday. It is a new holiday for the Uzbek people. It has been celebrated since the years of Independence. On this day people go to cemeteries to make their ancestors’ spirits happy. They also visit their parents and relatives to make them happy. The anniversary of the independence of Uzbekistan is annually celebrated on September 1. It is widely celebrated all over the republic. The celebrations are held in the center of every region as well as in Nukus, the capital of

Karakalpakistan. The main and the final celebration is organized in the capital of Uzbekistan. Usually the holiday begins with President’s congratulation on Independence Day. Then people march in parades. After those professional ensembles, well-known singers and dancers demonstrate their skills. The celebrations last 2 or 3 hours and finish with fireworks which are held by the government. On the occasion of this day the best representatives of the working class, scientists, doctors, teachers, engineers, singers, dancers, farmers, peasants and others are awarded medals by the government for their contribution to the development of the country. But the medals are handed in the awarded on a Constitution Day.

Vocabulary cemeteries - qabrlar anniversary - yilligi annually – bir yilda bir marta ansembles – bir guruh odamlar, aktyorlar... peasants- dehqonlar

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Read the following questions and answer them. 1. What are the Uzbek holidays? 2. When is Women’s Day celebrated? 3. What is the common present for the women? 4. What kind of holiday is “Navruz”? 5. When is “Navruz” celebrated? 6. What is the most traditional food in “Navruz”? 7. Is a Day of Memory a traditional holiday? 8. Where do people go on a Day of Memory? 9. When is the Independence of Uzbekistan celebrated? 10. What do people do on the day of independence? 11. Who are awarded medals by the government on Independence Day? 42

12. Are the medals usually handed in on that day or not? 13. When is Teachers’ Day celebrated? 14. When is a Constitution day? 15. When is New Year’s Day celebrated? 16. When and how are the two Muslim holidays celebrated? 17. What do people do on the Eve of Hayit? 18. What is the best present for the children on Hayit holidays?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Read and dramatize the dialogue. Salima: Hi, Barno! Barno: Hi, Salima! How are you? Salima: Thank you! I’m well. Did you sleep well? Barno: Yes, I did. What about you? Salima: Oh, I had a nightmare this night. It wasn’t so frightening, but a bit unpleasant. You know I dreamt about our English lesson. In my dream our teacher in English asked me to speak about “Holidays in Uzbekistan”. Barno: Did you answer well or not? Salima: Oh, to my mind, I did, but though I answered well our teacher gave me a four. But I insisted on getting a five. Then I was in a rage. Barno: Oh, what happened then? Wasn’t I present there? Did I say anything to the teacher?. Salima: You did. You became more furious than I did. You were even crying with rage. Barno: Oh, today we have an English lesson. Our hometask is in fact the very theme that you dreamt about in your sleep. I’m afraid of getting a bad mark. I wish I answered well. Salima: Oh, don’t be afraid. They say the devil is not so black as it is painted. You know that our teacher in English is a very kind man.

Barno: But, nevertheless, we must get ready for the lesson well. Salima: Yes, you are right. Let’s revise the hometask once again. (The two group-mates are getting ready for the lesson.)

WRITING. Activity 4. Grammar practice. The Imperative.

Definition: Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands, warning or instructions, and (if you use "please") to make a request. A positive imperative uses the base form of the verb. E.g. Come in. A negative imperative uses “don’t” before the base form of the verb. E.g. Don’t come in. Match the imperative in column A with a situation in column B. A B 1. __ Don’t touch that! a. Someone is crossing the street. 2. __ Look both ways. b. Something is hot. 3. __ Dress warmly! c. Someone is going out in the cold. 4. __ Try a little more salt. d. Someone is tasting some food. Read the following instructions and guess who is speaking. Use the words in the box. a robber – a boss – a receptionist - a telephone operator

1. Please come in. Have a seat. Don’t worry. You won’t have to wait long. ______

2. Don’t move! Do as I say! Give me your money an don’t ask any questions! ______

3. Come to work on time. Don’t leave so early. Work harder. ______

Complete each sentence with a negative or affirmative imperative. Use the verbs in the box. Use some verbs more than once. forget walk lock

1. Please ______the dog in the morning and afternoon. But ______it near the Wong’s house. It chases their cat.

2. Please ______the back door before you go out. The key is in the door.

3. Also, ______to turn out the lights. We have high electricity bills. Pronunciation.

The vowel [æ]

Ad Dat

Bad Bat dad Dash

Tab Tap

Cab cap

Sentences:

1. I’m not mad, but I’m sad.

2. I’m glad that Jack is back.

It is interesting to know!

 In 1898, one of the first programs to be broadcasted on radio was a yacht race that took place in British waters.  Sports command the biggest television audiences, led by the summer

Olympics, World Cup Football and Formula One racing.

LESSON 8.

HOLIDAYS IN THE USA

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b c

READING. Activity 1. HOLIDAYS IN THE USA. American holidays are strikingly different in origin and show surprising similarities in the manner of their celebration. No matter what the holiday's origin is, they all seem to be the same thing. A holiday has simply become, for most Americans, a day off from work, though some (for example, Thanksgiving and Christmas) retain some individuality. The major holidays in the USA are: New Year's Day, January, 1stPeople stay awake until after midnight on

December 31st to "watch the Old Year out and the New Year in." Many parties are given on this night. Theatres, night clubs, restaurants are crowded. When midnight comes, they greet the New Year: people gather in the streets of big cities, they ring bells, blow whistles and automobile horns, some shoot off guns and firecrackers. Valentine's Day, February, 14th. It is not a national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but it is a happy little festival in honour of St Valentine, patron of sweethearts and lovers. It is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of "valentines." A "valentine" may mean a special greeting card or a little present. The greeting cards are often coloured red, have red trimmings and pictures of hearts.Washington's Birthday, February, 22dIn addition to commemorating the birth of the United States' first President, it's a great day for shoppers. The department stores of Washington, DC, stated a national tradition of sales marked by unusual bargains. It is not a national holiday. Many schools, offices and banks close for this day, some stay open. The US Congress observes the birthday of George Washington with speeches and readings from his works. Easter.Easter is in memory of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon between March, 22 and April, 25. The 40 days before Easter are called Lent. Just before Easter, schools and colleges usually close. Students have a week or ten days of spring vacation. Easter is a church holiday, and many churches have an outdoor sunrise service. People give eachother presents of eggs which are the symbol of new life. There is a popular belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck throughout the year. Memorial Day, May, 30thIt is a national holiday. Schools, banks and offices close for the day. On that day, Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate the cemeteries. They put up the flags on the graves of the army, navy and airmen. They hold memorial services in churches, halls, parks and cemeteries. In addition to solemn services Memorial Day is often marked by other, more joyful ceremonies: colourful parades, sports competitions. Independence Day, July, 4th On this day, in 47

1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence. It is a national public holiday celebrated with fireworks and speeches praising "Americanism, democracy, free enterprise".Labor Day, the first Monday in September. It is a holiday of recreation. It marks the end of summer and the beginning of autumn. Vacation time is over. Resorts, camps and beaches close ... Parents go to summer camps and take their children back home. Halloween, October, 31st Halloween is the day or evening before All Saints' Day. Halloween customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, witches and ghosts. They thought that these evil spirits could do all kinds of damage to property. Some people tried to ward off witches by painting magic signs on their barns. Others tried to scare them away by nailing a piece of iron, such as a horseshoe, over the door. Now most people do not believe in evil spirits. On this day they just have a nice holiday. Children dress up as ghosts and witches and go out into the streets to beg. They go from house to house and say: "Trick of treat!", meaning "Give me a treat or I'll play a trick on you". People give them candy, cookies and apples. A favourite custom is to make a jack-o'-lantem. Children scrape out a pumpkin and cut the outlines of eyes, nose and mouth in its side. They light a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends. This custom refers to a man named Jack who still wanders around the earth lighting his way with a pumpkin lantern.Veterans Day: On this day, the radio and television broadcast services held at the National Cemetery in Arlington. High officials come from Washington to attend these services. They place a wreath of flowers at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All stand in silence for a few minutes at eleven o'clock to honour the memory of the service men killed in the two World Wars.Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in NovemberIn the USA it is a national holiday. It was first celebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers after their first good harvest. Thanksgiving is a family day, for it is customary for all members of the family to gather at the home of their parents. The family eats a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.Christmas Day, 48

December, 25thIt is usually a one-day official holiday, but it is preceded and followed by festive parties, and marked by special church services, gift-giving and feasting. Christmas is a family holiday. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New-Year's Day. People stay at home and spend the time with their families. Everybody tries to come home for Christmas. People send cards or Christmas greetings to family and friends away from home. Every family tries to have a Christmas tree, which is beautifully decorated. Santa Claus comes from the North Pole in his sleigh, dressed in red cap and jacket, entering the house from chimney. He is a merry and fat individual. He has gifts of whatever kind you may wish for — nothing is too fabulous nor too trivial for him to provide. Vocabulary strikingly – hayratda qoldiradigan similarities - o’xshashlik firecrackers – shovqin qilish portlatiladigan silindr shaklidagi qog’oz trimmings – himoya qilish commemorating – oldin bo’lgan voqeani eslatish witches – jodugar qiyofali ayol ghosts -- arvohlar preceded – oldinda bo’lmoq fabulous – favqulodda, haddan tashqari

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions. 1. What is your favorite holiday festival in your country? 2. Do you light off fireworks on New Years Eve in your country? 3. If you could visit any other country during Christmas, where would you go? 4. What holiday is the most dangerous in your country? 5. What holiday is the most exciting in your country? 6. Why do we celebrate Easter? 7. Do you celebrate Easter in your country? 49

8. How do you celebrate Easter in your country? 9. Do you have any special family traditions? 10.Did the original meaning of Easter get lost?

LISTENING. Activity 3.While listening try to put missing words. Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November: In the USA it is a national holiday. It was first celebrated in 1621 by the … … after their first good … . Thanksgiving is a family day, for it is customary for all members of the family to gather at the home of their … . The family eats a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, ….… and pumpkin pie.

WRITING. Activity 4. COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.

A noun can be countable or uncountable: UNCOUNTABLE COUNTABLE I eat a banana every day I eat rice every day I like bananas I like rice

Banana is a countable noun. Rice is an uncountable noun. An uncountable noun has only one form A countable noun can be singular (rice). (banana) or plural (bananas). We cannot use numbers with We can use numbers with countable uncountable nouns. We cannot say ‘one nouns. So we can say ‘one banana’, rice’, ‘two rices’ etc. ‘two bananas’. Examples of nouns usually

Examples of nouns usually countable: uncountable: Kate was listening to (some) music. Kate was singing a song. There’s sand in my shoes. there’s a nice beach here. Do you have any money? Do you have a ten-pound note? It wasn’t your fault. It was bad luck. There is no electricity in this house. It wasn’t your fault. It was an accident. We haven’t got enough water. There are no batteries in the radio. We haven’t got enough cups.

Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U)

1. The children are playing in the garden. C 2. I don't like milk. U 3. I prefer tea. Uncountable 4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution. C 5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes. U 6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom. C 7. We need some glue to fix this vase. U 8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional. C 9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning. C 10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious. U

Pronunciation. The suffix of the third person singular is pronounced: /z/ when the verb ends in any other sound. For example: swims, plays, runs, reads, studies. The consonant [z] [z]- -[z]- -[z] Zebra easy Ease Zip closet Is Zen mosaic amaze

Zap frozen says

Zoo zigzag Has

Sentences: 1. Zoe wants to see the zebra in the zoo. 2. I feel exhausted because I zipped up here on foot.

It is interesting to know!

 Gymnasiums were introduced in 900BC and Greek athletes practiced in the

nude to the accompaniment of music. They also performed naked at the Olympic Games.  The very first Olympic race, held in 776 BC, was won by Corubus, a chef.

LESSON 9.

UNIT III SPORTS AND GAMES

History of the Olympic Games Guess what sports are not included in the Olympics? 1. horse-racing 15. diving 2. frisbee 16. swimming 3. cricket 17. biathlon 4. baseball 18. marathon 5. football 19. figure skating 6. hockey 20. skiing 7. archery 21. boxing 8. wrestling 22. rowing 9. mountain biking 23. tobogganing 10. discus 24. bobsledding 11.basketball 25. billiards 12.darts 26. Aikido 13. speed skating 27. kurash 14. fencing 28. aerials

Exercise 2 Now divide the Olympic sports into summer and winter events. Summer Winter

READING. Activity 1 .Read the text.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES - THEN AND NOW The ancient Greek Games were both parts of Greek religion and society. Originally, the games were a type of religious ceremony. Some were held in honor of living gods, others as offerings of thanksgiving. Later, the games honored famous living people. The Greek games were accompanied by processions, feasts

and music. They played an important role in developing a keen sense of beauty that was reflected in Greek art and literature. At first, the participants were not professional athletes but rather amateurs. The Olympian Games were the most famous of the four ancient games held in Ancient Greece, the other three being the Isthmian, Pythian, and Nemean games. The Olympian Games were held in honor of Zeus and took place every four years at Olympia, the location of the deity's principal shrine. The Olympian Games were held in summer, and early in each year of the games, messengers were sent throughout the Greek world to invite the city-states to compete. The competitions were open only to honorable men of Greek descent. In fact, with the exception of the priestess of the god Demeter, no women were even allowed to watch the games. Pottery from around 550 BC shows men taking part in the games naked or wearing only a thong.The order of the events is not precisely known, but the first day of the festival was devoted to sacrifices. On the second day, the foot-race, the main event of the games, took place in the stadium, an oblong area enclosed by sloping banks of earth. On other days, wrestling and boxing were held. In wrestling, the aim was to throw the opponent to the ground three times. Boxing became more and more brutal as time went on. At first, the fighters wound straps of leather over their fingers to soften the blows. But later, pieces of metal were used to do more damage to the opponent. The Olympian Games were the inspiration for the modern Olympic Games, the international athletic competition held every four years at different locations throughout the world. The first modern games were organized by a French sportsman and educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin in April, 1896. This competition evolved into the Summer Olympics. The Winter Olympics were begun in 1924. The total number of participating athletes has grown from 285 who competed in Athens in 1896 to the approximately 10,800 who competed in Atlanta in 1996.

Vocabulary procession - parade feast - large meal with lots of people amateur - not professional deity - a god shrine - a holy place pottery - ceramic artwork and bowls oblong - rectangle brutal - violent evolve - develop, change.

INFORMATION BOARD Zeus - in Greek mythology, the god of sky and ruler of the gods of Mount Olympus. He was the lord of sky, the rain god, cloud gatherer. His shrine was at Olympia, where the Olympian Games were celebrated. Demeter- Zeus's sister. In Greek mythology, the goddess of corn and the harvest. Demeter caused the Earth to bring forth spring flowers and abundant fruit and grain for the harvest.

SPEAKING. Activity 2. QUIZ. Write the answers to these questions on separate paper. 1. What was the original reason for the Greek Olympian Games? 2. Who played in the Olympian Games? 3. Why were women not allowed to watch the Olympian Games? 4. What happened on the first day of the Olympian Games? 5. What happened on the second day? 55

6. How did the boxing events change over time? 7. Who started the modern Olympics and when?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words during listening. 1. The Olympian Games were held in … and took place every four years at Olympia, the location of the deity's principal shrine. honor of Zeus. 2. The Olympian Games were held in summer, and early in each year of the games, messengers were sent throughout … to invite the city-states to compete. the Greek world. 3. … were open only to honorable men of Greek descent. The competitions. 4. In fact, with the exception of the priestess of the god Demeter, …were even allowed to watch the games. no women. 5. … shows men taking part in the games naked or wearing only a thong. Pottery from around 550 BC

NOUNS.PLURAL AND SINGULAR NOUNS A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language. Forthepluralformofmostnouns, adds. bottle – bottles cup – cups pencil – pencils desk – desks sticker – stickers

window – windows For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or s sounds, add es. box – boxes watch – watches moss – mosses bus – buses For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es. wolf – wolves wife – wives leaf – leaves life – lives Some nouns have different plural forms. child – children woman – women man – men mouse – mice goose – geese Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules. baby – babies toy – toys kidney – kidneys potato – potatoes memo – memos stereo – stereos A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms. sheep – sheep deer – deer series – series species – species

WRITING. Activity 4. Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence. 1) I have three (child, children). 2) There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women). 3) (Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys. 4) I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box. 5) A few men wear (watch, watches). 6) I put a (memo, memos) on the desk. 7) I saw a (mouse, mice) running by. 8) There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.

It is interesting to know!  No Olympic steeplechase silver medalist, male or female, has lived past the age of 41.  A man in Mississippi was briefly imprisoned for “sorcery” in 1884 after throwing a curveball at a county fair.

LESSON 10.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a

READING. Activity 11. Read the text.

THE OLYMPIC GAMES

The Olympic Games bring togetherthousands of the world’s finest athletes to compete against one another. No other sports event attracts much attention. Several million people attend the games, and hundreds of millions throughout the world watch them on television. The Olympic Games consists of the summer games and the winter games. The summer games are held in a major city, and the winter games are held at a winter resort. The Olympics have normally been held every four years, with both the summer games and the winter games taking place the same year. Beginning from 1994, the summer games and the winter games are scheduled to occur on a

four-year cycle two years apart. For example, the winter games were held in 1994 and 1998, and the summer games in 1996 and 2000. Colorful ceremonies combined with athletic competitions are to create the special feeling of excitement that surrounds the Olympics. The opening ceremony is particularly impressive. The athletes of Greece march into the stadium first, in honor of the original Olympics held in ancient Greece. The other athletes follow in alphabetical order, depending on the spelling of each nation’s name in the language of the host country. The athletes of the host country enter last.The head of state of the host country declares the games open. The Olympic flag is raised, trumpets play, and cannons boom in salute. Hundreds of doves are released into the air as a symbol of peace. The most dramatic moment of the opening ceremony is the lighting of the Olympic flame. Runners in cross-country relays bring a lighted torch from the valley of Olympia, Greece, where the ancient Olympics were held. Thousands of runners take part in the journey, which starts four weeks before the opening of the games. They represent Greece and each country that lies between Greece and the host nation. Planes and ships transport of the torch across mountains and seas. The final runner carries the torch into the stadium, circles the track, and lights the Olympic flame. The flame is kept burning until the end of the games. This custom started in 1936. The modern Olympics were organized to encourage world peace and friendship and to promote amateur athletics. The Olympic symbol consists of five interlocking rings that represent the continents of Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North and South America. The rings are black, blue, green, red, and yellow. The flag of every nation competing in the games has at least one of these colors. The Olympic motto is Faster, Higher, and Stronger.

Vocabulary attend - qatnashmoq resort- dam olishjoyi, kurort 60

apart- qism, bo’lak impressive- taassurotga boy release- ozodqilmoq, erkinlikkachiqarmoq represent- qaytanamoyish encourage- qo’llab-quvvatlash promote- yuksalmoq interlock- o’zaromahkamlamoq

SPEAKING. Activity 2.

1. What do the Olympic Games consists of? 2. How do the athletics march into the stadium at the opening ceremony? 3. Who lights the Olympic flame? 4. Why were the modern Olympic Games organized? 5. What does the Olympic symbol represent? 6. What is the Olympic motto?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Find right variant.

1.the Olympic games consists of the a. summer games b. winter games c. summer and winter games 2.at the opening ceremony the athletes a. first of Greece march into the stadium b. second c. in alphabetical order 3.the athletes of the host country enter a. first b. last c. second

4. the most dramatic moment of the a. raising of the Olympic flag games is the b. lighting of the Olympic flame c. bringing of the lighted torch. 5. the flame is kept burning a. one day b. one week c. until the end of the games 6. the Olympic symbol consists of a. five rings b. four interlock rings c.five interlocking rings 8. The Olympic motto is a. faster, higher, stronger b. better, faster, stronger c. stronger, better, faster

WRITING. Activity 4 Fill the gaps. Put the question. Sample. The Olympic games bring the athletes together …..What …. For?--- What do the Olympic games bring the athletes together for? 1.The summer games are held in … .where … ?2. the winter games are held in … .Where… ? 3. … The summer games and the winter games are scheduled to occur on a four-year cycle two years apart. Since what year .. ? 4. Colorful ceremonies combined with athletic competitions … .What … for? 5. … is particularly impressive. What … ? 6. The athletes of Greece march into the stadium … . Why … ? 7. … enter the stadium last. Who … ? 8. … declares the Games open. Who … ? 9. The most dramatic moment of the opening ceremony is … . What … ?

ADJECTIVES An adjective is a word or set of words that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or pronoun. An adjectivesmaycomebeforethewordtheymodify. 62

Examples:

That is a cute puppy. She likes a high school senior. Adjectives may also follow the word they modify:

Examples: That puppy looks cute. The technology is state-of-the-art. Write the words connected with text HOBBY NOUN ADJECTIVE VERB Athletes Exciting to keep

It is interesting to know!

 The average Vasaloppet competitor is 41 year old and has completed 4 races?  The average finishing time in 1999 was 8 hours 23 minutes?

LESSON 11. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OLYMPIC GAMES.

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b

READING. Activity 1.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OLYMPIC GAMES Each national committee provides uniforms for its countries athleteswhile they prepare for and compete in the games. Each committee also furnishes transportation for its team to the games and back. The host country provides food and housing for all the athletes. Most countries use government funds to pay the expenses. Every country represented in the Olympics has a national Olympic committee that selects the athletes who compete in the games. Each committee is responsible for ensuring that the athletes meet the Olympic and international sports federation eligibility requirements.An athlete who represents a country in the Olympics must be citizen of that country. Until 1988, only amateur athletes competed in the games. Professional athletes are now eligible to compete in basketball, ice hockey, football, and tennis. In addition, the IOC voted in the 1974 to allow national Olympic committees to pay athletes during an unlimited training period before the Olympic Games. Each athlete may receive expense money, plus the equivalent of the salary that he or she would earn by working instead of training. In many countries, athletes qualify by winning, or finishing high, in

competitions called selection trials. Participation in most of these trials is by invitation only. In some Olympic sports, a nation may enter as many as three athletes in each individual event and one team in each team event. Five sports – archery, athletics shooting, swimming, and weightlifting – require athletes to meet a minimum standard of performance if their country enters more than one competitor in an event within the sport. Up to 12 teams can compete in each man’s team sport, except football, which involves 16 teams. No more than 20 teams take part in each team sport that has competition for both men and women. If more than the maximum number of nations wants to compete in sport, a qualifying tournament is held before the Olympics. Such tournaments are the responsibility of the international governing body of the sport involved. Several methods of judging are used in various Olympic events. For example, the eight fastest athletes qualify for the finals in most swimming and athletics events. The medals in diving, figure-skating, and gymnastics are awarded on the basis of points given by judges. In bobsledding and luge, each contestant or team makes a certain number of timed runs down the course, and the lowest total time wins. Speed-skaters are timed as they race, two at a time, over a course. The placing in shooting is based only on accuracy. In wrestling, each man competes against at least two opponents. In boxing, each man remains in competition only until he loses one bout. The top three athletes in each Olympic event receive a medal and a diploma. The next five receive only a diploma. The first- and second- place medals are made of silver, but the first-place medal has a gold coating. The third-place medal of bronze. All the members of a winning relay team get a medal. In team sports, all the members who have played in at least one of their team’s games receive one. The design of the medals for the winter Olympics is different from the design for the summer games. The design is changed for each Olympic Games.The winners receive their medals at an impressive ceremony held after the event. The three 65

medal winners stand to attention while the flags of their countries are raised. A band plays a short version of the national anthem of the homeland of the gold medal winner. Olympic competition is intended to test the skill and strength of individuals, not nations. Therefore, the IOC does not keep an official score among the competing countries. No nation “wins” the Olympics. However, newspaper and television reporters from all parts of the world tell the public how many gold, silver, and bronze medals have been won by each country. Vocabulary uniforms – maxsus kiyim (o’zgarmas), ayni, birxil expenses - xarajatlar ensuring – ta’minlash, kafolatberish eligible – qobiliyatli deb tanlash weightlifting – og’ir atletika (og’ir vaznli diskni ko’tarish) trials – komanda yoki o’yinda qatnashish uchun mahoratini sinash archery - qilichbozlik diving – suvga sho’g’ish bobsledding– poygada yok iyugurish sportida qatnashish luge–metaldan yasalgan sirpanishda kiyiladigan oyoq kiyim.

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions using the text. 1.Who selects the athletes competing in the Olympic games? 2.Who pays athletes during an unlimited training period before the Olympic games? 3.How do athletes qualify? 4.How many athletes may a nation enter? 5.What methods of judging are used in Olympic events? 6.How are the winners awarded?

Exercise 2. Say these words in English. Sport formasiga javob bermoq, o’lkani tanishtirish, chegaralanmagan amaliyot vaqti, ishlab topmoq, maosh, eng yaxshi sportchi, jamoaviy sport, madhiya, kuch.

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put necessary words while listening. 1. In many countries, athletes …..by winning, or finishing high, in competitions called selection trials. Qualify. 2. Participation in most of these trials is by invitation only. In some Olympic sports, a nation may enter as many as …. in each individual event and one team in each team event. three athletes 3. Five sports – archery, athletics shooting, swimming, and weightlifting – require athletes to meet a minimum standard of performance if their country enters more than one …. in an event within the sport. competitor 4. Up to 12 teams can …in each man’s team sport, except football, which involves 16 teams. compete 5. No more than 20 teams take part in each team sport that has competition for … men and women. both 6. If more than the maximum number of nations wants to compete in sport, a qualifying ….is held before the Olympics. tournament 7. Such tournaments are the …of the international governing body of the sport involved. Responsibility.

DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES Adjectives come in three forms, also called degrees. An adjective in its normal or usual form is called a positive degree adjective. There are also

the comparative and superlative degrees, which are used for comparison, as in the following examples:

Positive Comparative Superlative

Sweet sweeter sweetest

Bad Worse worst

Efficient Moreefficient mostefficient

A common error in using adjectives and adverbs arises from using the wrong form of comparison. To compare two things, always use a comparative adjective: Example: She is the cleverer of the two women (never cleverest) The word cleverest is what is called the superlative form of clever. Use it only when comparing three or more things: Example: She is the cleverest of them all. Incorrect: Chocolate or vanilla: which do you like best? Correct: Chocolate or vanilla: which do you like better? WRITING. Activity 4. Make up situation using words. Uniforms – maxsus kiyim (o’zgarmas), ayni, birxil Expenses - xarajatlar Ensuring – ta’minlash, kafolat berish Eligible – qobiliyatli deb tanlash Weightlifting – og’ir atletika (og’ir vaznli diskni ko’tarish) Trials – komanda yoki o’yinda qatnashish uchun mahoratini sinash Archery - qilichbozlik Diving – suvga sho’g’ish Bobsledding – poygada yoki yugurish sportida qatnashish Luge – metaldan yasalgan sirpanishda kiyiladigan oyoq kiyim.

It is interesting to know!  325,719 skiers have crossed the finishing line (an equivalent of 731 journeys around the world)?The total length of the competitor’s skis is 130 km?

LESSON 12. INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

READING. Activity 1. What is IOC? INTERNATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEE

The international Olympic committee (IOC) is the governing body of the Olympic Games. The committee approves the sports to be included in the Olympics. The IOC also selects the host cities, one for the summer games and one for the winter games, six years in advance. The selection process includes a presentation by the major of each city that wished to host the games. 1.Who plans the games?

The organizing committee of the host city and the international governing body for each Olympic sport work with the IOC in planning the games. The host city decides the number of sports to be included in the games. The host city and various international sports federations plan the events within each sport, the maximum number of athletes allowed to enter, and the schedule of events. The international sport organizations also conduct each event and appoint the judges and referees. 2. How are new members of the IOC elected? New members of the IOC are elected by the current members. A representative may be elected from any nation that has a national Olympic committee, but only nations that have hosted the Olympic may have two representative s. The IOC has no set rules regarding which eligible nations shall be represented. As a result, the size of the committee varies as members die or retire and new members are chosen. In 1991, the committee had 94 members. Originally, members were elected to the IOC for life. The members of the committee accept no instructions on voting from any government or other group or individual. 3. Who handles the IOC business? The IOC meets annually and during the summer and winter games. Between meetings, its executive board handles the committee‘s business. This board consists of the president, four vice presidents, and six members who serve four- year terms. The committee elects these officials from among its members. The president serves an eight-year term and then may be reelected to any number of four-year terms. Vocabulary approves – to’g’ri deb qabul qilmoq host - mehmon advance– rivojlantirmoq, oldinga surmoq conduct- o’zini birortarzda tutmoq, hatti-xarakat appoint– tanlamoq, belgilamoq, hal qilmoq 70

judges– sudya (sportda) referees - hakam representative– vakil, ishtirokchi executive – boshqaruvchi, ijroetuvchi officials – rasmiy, mas’ulkishi

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Exercise 1. Reread the text, try to answer orally.

1. What historical period is described in the text? 2. Did population of Russia practice sport outside the organized movement? 3. Was the hygiene at the high level then? 4. Were there sporting performances outside the organized sport?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words during listening. 1. The committee … the sports to be included in the Olympics. approves 2.… decides the number of sports to be included in the games. The host city 3. The international sport organizations also conduct … and appoint the judges and referees. each event 4. The IOC meets … and during the summer and winter games. annually 5. In 1991, the committee had … .94 members 6. Originally, members … to the IOC for life. were elected 7. The members of the committee accept no instructions on … from any government or other group or individual. voting

ADVERBS An adverb is a word or set of words that modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs answer how, when, where, why, or to what extent—how often or how much (e.g., daily, completely). Examples: He speaks slowly (tells how) He speaks very slowly (the adverb very tells how slowly) She arrived today (tells when) She will arrive in an hour (this adverb phrase tells when) Let's go outside (tells where) We looked in the basement (this adverb phrase tells where) Bernie left to avoid trouble (this adverb phrase tells why) Jorge works out strenuously (tells to what extent) Jorge works out whenever possible (this adverb phrase tells to what extent)

WRITING. Activity 4. Make up situation using these words. Approves – to’g’ri deb qabul qilmoq Host - mehmon Advance – rivojlantirmoq, oldinga surmoq Conduct - o’zini birortarzdatutmoq, hatti-xarakat Appoint – tanlamoq, belgilamoq, halqilmoq Judges – sudya (sportda) Referees - hakam Representative – vakil, ishtirokchi Executive – boshqaruvchi, ijro etuvchi Officials – rasmiy, mas’ulkishi.

It is interesting to know!  The body height shortens during the competition. The spine discs and the arch of the foot decrease and because of that the body shrinks 220 mm?  Each skier loses an average of 3 kilos in weight during the race?

LESSON 13.

UNIT IV SPORT AROUND THE WORLD

ORGANIZATION OF SPORT

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a

b c

READING. Activity 1.

ORGANIZATION OF SPORT

Among organized sports activities, a very important approach is practiced within the sports associations, which represent the basis of an organized sport system. The number of associations, number of members, range activities, material basis, achieved top sports performance, and many others are elements of the common culture of a nation, and a wealthy heritage. There being a great number of sporting organizations, many people are participating in the regular sports activities. Having divided them into groups, we can segregate those who practice sports for pleasure, those who do it for a possible top sports results. In reality, most of them are involved in qualitative sport with no particularresults, and about 8-10% are involved in serious professional training, from early selections to confirmation to the national, European and/or international level (the latter are less than 1%). People practice unorganized activities for many different reasons. They do it themselves, in the family, with friends; they sometimes participate in the organized sports events. However unorganized sports activity usually does not follow European standards of weekly activities (three times a week), people do sport from time to time, and they are not under the control of specialists.

Vocabulary confirmation - attestat, daraja, xujjat qualitative sport - jadaleng zamonaviy sport eritage - biror millatning tarixi an’anasining bir qismi segregate - millati, diniga ko’ra odamlarni ajratish. SPEAKING. Activity 2.

What do you know about some of the world’s biggest and most popular sports events? In the following activities, you will learn about some famous sports events and make an oral presentation about one major event. A. “Think, Pair, Share” Think quietly first about the questions below. Then, turn to one classmate and orally exchange responses with your partner. Finally, share ideas with a larger group or the class. 1. What is the last major sports event you watched on television or in person? ______2. What major sports event would you most like to attend? ______3. What major sports events do you think are of most interest to people in Hong Kong? ______4. What major sports events take place in our region?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. Among … , a very important approach is practiced within the sports associations, which represent the basis of an organized sport system. organized sports activities

2. The number of associations, number of members, range activities, material basis, achieved …, and many others are elements of the common culture of a nation, and a wealthy heritage. top sports performance 3. There being a great number of sporting organizations, many people are participating in the … . regular sports activities. 4. Having divided them into groups, … those who practice sports for pleasure, those who do it for a possible top sports results. we can segregate 5. In reality, most of them are involved in qualitative sport with no particular results, and about 8-10% are involved in serious … , from early selections to confirmation to the national, European and/or international level (the latter are less than 1%). professional training.

DEGREES OF ADVERBS There are also three degrees of adverbs. In formal usage, do not drop the - ly from an adverb when using the comparative form. Incorrect: She spoke quicker than he did. Correct: She spoke more quickly than he did. Incorrect: Talk quieter. Correct: Talk more quietly.

WRITING. Activity 4. Choose an adjective from the box and turn it into an adverb to complete the sentences below. close quick firm sad bright regular neat quiet careful clear 1. She writes very neatly. 2. You have to talk ………. When you don’t drop it. 3. Carry the glass ………… so you don’t drop it. 4. You should exercise ……….. if you want to stay fit. 76

5. “Goodbye. I’m going to miss you,” she said ……… . 6. The skywas blue and the sun was shining ……. . 7. If you follow us ……….. , you won’t get lost. 8. I can’t understand you. Please speak more ….. . 9. Let’s walk ….. so we get home before it starts to rain. 10. Attach the sign …… to the wall. Make up situation using these words Confirmation- attestat, daraja, xujjat Qualitative sport- jadalengzamonaviy sport Heritage- birormillatningtarixian’anasiningbirqismi Segregate- millati, dinigako’raodamlarniajratish

It is interesting to know!  Tennis rackets are made of aluminium or all-graphite (stiff) or of graphite and nylon mixture composite (more flexible)?  The heavier the racket, the bigger the grip is?

LESSON 14.

SPORT IN GREAT BRITAIN

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

Nameofsport:

______

a b c

SPORT IN GREAT BRITAIN READING. Activity 1. National sports in Great Britain it is a very interesting question, because many kinds of sports have their origin in England. Englishmen love sports. They are called sports-lovers in spite of the fact that some of them neither play games nor even watch them. They only like to talk about sports. Some kinds of sports are professional in England. Popular and famous players earn a lot of money. Many traditional sporting events take place in England, for example, cricket. It is played from may till September. This game is associated with England. There are many cricket clubs in this country. English people like to play cricket. They think that summer without cricket isn’t summer. Cricket is the English national sport in summer. If you want to play cricket, you must wear white boots, a white shirt, and white long trousers. There are two teams. Each team has eleven players. Cricket is popular in boy’s schools. Girls play cricket, too. Vocabulary associated with – bilan bog’langan take place – o’rin olmoq origin – kelib chiqishi spectator – tomoshabin motor-car racing – motosikl poygasi dog-racing – itlar poygasi

boat-racing – qayiqda suzish poygasi races for donkeys – eshaklar poygasi helpless – bechora, yordamsiz extremely – juda, ashaddiy.

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions. 1. Englishmen love sports, don’t they? 2. What kind of traditional sporting events in England do you know? 3. Are there any cricket clubs in England? 4. Do Englishmen play cricket in winter or in summer? 5. What is the most popular game in Britain?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. A great number of people play and … . watch tennis. 2. … at Wimbledon are known all over the world. Tennis tournaments 3. The … courts of Britain are occupied by people between the ages of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill — from practically helpless to the extremely able. innumerable tennis 4. … also like to play golf, baseball, hockey, grass-hockey. The British 5. … of athletics, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. Various forms 6. You can sometimes hear that there are no … in England. winter sports 7. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or … , but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing. toboggan 8. Indeed, sport in one form or another is an … of daily life in Britain. essential part.

REGULAR IRREGULAR VERBS An English verb can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding – ed. Examples are given below. Walk – walked – walked Dance – danced – danced Paint – painted – painted Work – worked – worked Irregular verbs form their past and past participle forms in different ways. There are mainly three types of irregular verbs. Verbs in which all the three forms are the same (e.g. put – put – put) Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same (e.g. sit – sat – sat) Verbs in which all three forms are different (e.g. drink – drank – drunk) Some verbs can be both regular and irregular. Examples are: Burn – burnt – burnt (irregular) Burn – burned – burned (regular) Dream – dreamt – dreamt (irregular) Dream – dreamed – dreamed (regular) Lean – lent – lent (irregular) Lean – leaned – leaned (regular) Learn – learnt – learnt (irregular) Learn – learned – learned (regular) Leap – leapt – leapt (irregular) Leap – leaped – leaped (regular) Smell – smelt – smelt (irregular) Smell – smelled – smelled (regular) Spill – spilt – spilt (irregular) Spill – spilled – spilled (regular) 80

Spoil – spoilt – spoilt (irregular) Spoil – spoiled – spoiled (regular)

WRITING. Activity 4. Complete the following sentences using the past or past participle form of the verb given in the brackets. 1. It has been ages since I last ……………… him. (see) 2. The old man has ……………….. better days (see) 3. The cat ………………. all the milk. (drink) 4. The child has ………………… all the milk. (drink) Answers 1. It has been ages since I last saw him. 2. The old man has seen better days 3. The cat drank all the milk. 4. The child has drunk all the milk. Make up situation using these words. associated with–bilanbog’langan take place – biror joyga ko’chmoq, tashimoq, siljitmoq origin– kelib chiqishi spectator – tomoshabin motor-car racing – motosikl poygasi dog-racing – itlar poygasi boat-racing– qayiqda suzish poygasi races for donkeys – eshaklar poygasi helpless – bechora, yordamsiz extremely – juda, ashaddiy.

It is interesting to know!  There are normal, mid-size and jumbo head rackets?  Strings are made from natural goat (sheep intestines) or from synthetic material?

LESSON 15. SPORT IN UZBEKISTAN Look at the pictures and guess the meaning a b

c d

READING. Activity 1. Sport in Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan was once part of the Soviet Union, and did not compete in world sport under its own name until the 1990s. Even before when Uzbekistan was still part of the Soviet Union they already play football and BeradorAbduraimov who played 358 matches for FC Pakhtakor, represented the Soviet Union, was regarded 82

to be the top goal scorer of the Soviet Top League in 1968. Today’s most popular football player of Uzbekistan is Serve Djeparov. He scored 34 goals in 96 matches when transferred to Pakhtakor Tashkent, won 6 Uzbek League and 6 Uzbek Cups from 2002-2007. He is now a midfielder of Seongnam FC. Traditionally Uzbekistan fosters equestrians and wrestlers. They have this wrestling sport called “Kurash” which is an upright wrestling. Kurash refers to a number of folk wrestling styles that were practiced in Central Asia. The players are inside a big circle and uses towels to hold their opponentsand their goal is to throw them off the feet. It is like Sumo wrestling but in this sport any size of man can join.Today, football is now regarded as their most popular sport. The first International Club Cup for Uzbek Football was in 2011 when Nasaf won AFC Cup. Uzbekistan had two teams; one is FC Bunyodkor, the current champion, and the FC Pakhtakor Tashkent, who holds the most championships. Because of this, PakhtakorMarkaziy Stadium with the capacity of 35,000 was built and is now mostly used for football matches. Uzbekistan first joined the Olympic Games as an independent state in 1994 and was a consistent participant ever since. Most of their gold medals came from either wrestling or boxing. Artur Taymazov has won a total of 1 silver (2000 Sydney) and 3 gold medals (2004 Athens, 2008 Beijing, 2012 London) from wrestling as is so far their best player as far as medals are concerned.Many new state provided stadiums, sport complexes, pools, sports clubs, and private fitness clubs cater to the great demand for physical exercise. "Sportsman" is a widely used term here. Uzbekistan has produced Olympic champions in kickboxing, boxing, wrestling, gymnastics, and chess, who have brought home medals from Atlanta, Sydney and Lillehammer. Dilshod Aripov - world champion wrestler Mahamadkodir Abdullaev, Sergey Mikhailov, RustamSaidov, Ruslan Chagaev, Artur Grigoryan Olympic and World champions in boxing Iroda Tuliaganova - WTA tennis champion Oksana Chusovitina - World champion gymnast 83

The President's Cup, an international tennis tournament, draws WTC star players Tashkent golf club, the only 18-hole venue in Central Asia, complete with guest rooms, will host international tournaments in the future. Vocabulary equestrians – otga oid, otda o’tkaziladigan towels – sochiqlar opponents – qarama-qarshi, raqib cater – tadbirlarni yegulik ichkilik bilan ta’minlamoq throw them off – qutulmoq, capacity – hajm, quvvat, qobiliyat midfielder – markaziyo’yinchi consistent – barqaroro’zgarmas concerned – munosobataloqa.

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions. 1. Uzbek people love sports, don’t they? 2. What kind of traditional sporting events in Uzbekistan do you know? 3. Are there any sport clubs in Uzbekistan? 4. Do Uzbek nation playfootball in winter or in summer? 5. What is the most popular game in Uzbekistan?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1.Traditionally Uzbekistan fosters … and wrestlers. equestrians 2. They have this … sport called “Kurash” which is an upright wrestling. Wrestling 3. Kurash refers to a number of folk wrestling styles that were … in Central Asia. practiced 4. The players are inside a big circle and uses towels to hold their … and their goal is to throw them off the feet. opponents 84

5. It is like Sumo wrestling but in this sport any …of man can join. size

PREPOSITION OF TIME (a) We have class at two o'clock. at + a specific time on the

(b) I have an appointment with the clock.at + night doctor at 4:30.

(d) My birthday is in July. in + a specific month (e)(c) WeI was sleep born at in night. 1978. in + a specific year (f) We have class in the morning. in + the morning (g) Jasur has class in the afternoon. in + the afternoon (h) I study in the evening. in + the evening (i) I have class on Monday. on + a specific day of the week (j) I was born on May 3, 1982. on + a specific date (k) We have class from 3:00 to From (a specific time) to (a 4:00. specific time)

WRITING. Activity 4. Complete the sentences with prepositions of time 1. We have class ………. Eleven o’clock. 2. We have class ……nine …… eleven. 3. Tom has class…. The morning, and he works …. The afternoon. 4. I study … the evening. 5. I sleep …. Night. 6. Madina was born … October. 7. Madina was born … 2001. 8. Madina was born … October 28. 9. Madina was born … October 28, 2001. 10. The bank isn’t open … Sundays. 11. The bank is open … 8:00 a.m. … 5:00 p.m.Monday. 85

12. The bank closes … 5:00 p.m. Make up situation using these words. еquestrians – otgaoid, otdao’tkaziladigan towels – sochiqlar opponents – qarama-qarshi, raqib cater– tadbirlarni yegulik ichkilik bilan ta’minlamoq throw them off – qutulmoq, irg’itmoq capacity – hajm, quvvat, qobiliyat midfielder – markaziyo’yinchi consistent – barqaroro’zgarmas concerned – munosobataloqa

It is interesting to know!  Tighter strings give more power but less control?  Thick cotton socks are the best for comfort and support?

LESSON 16. SPORT IN THE USA

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b c

READING. Activity1. Sport in the USA. Americans' interest in sports seems excessive to many foreign visitors. Television networks spend millions of dollars arranging to telecast sports events. Publications about sports sell widely. In the US professional athletes can become national heroes.Sports are associated with educational institutions in a way is unique. High schools have coaches as faculty members, and school teams compete with each other. Nowhere else in the world are sports associated with colleges and universities in the way they are in the States. College sports, especially football, are conducted in an atmosphere of intense excitement and pageantry. Games between teams attract nationwide television audiences. The sport that is most popular in most parts of the world - soccer - is not well known in the US. The most popular sports are American football and baseball, games that are not played in large number of countries. Sports play such an important role in American life that the sociology of sports, sports medicine, and sports psychology have become respectable specializations. Many Americans jog every day, or play tennis or bridge two or three times a week. They go on ski trips and hunting expeditions that require weeks of planning and organizing. In the Americans' view, all these activities are worth the discomfort they may cause because they contribute to health and physical fitness. Baseball is the most popular game in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer by schools, colleges and professional teams.Football is the most popular game in the autumn. There are professional football teams in all the main cities of the United States. In American football there are eleven players in each team, as in the original football, but the rules are different. Players are often hurt in American football. So the teams wear special clothing and helmets as in hockey.Basketball is a very popular game in the United States too. It is especially popular in high schools, both among boys and girls.The game of golf is very popular with businessmen and professional people. It is played by both men and women. There are now more golfers than tennis players.Swimming, water skiing and skin diving are popular summer sports. In winter many people go in for ice- 87

skating, skiing and hockey if they live in the Northern and Central states.Other sports include wrestling, boxing and horse racing. Vocabulary excessive – mo’l - ko’l, serob arranging – tartibgakeltirmoq associated – bog’langan unique. - yagona, tengsiz pageantry. – jozibalimanzara , hasham audiences. - tomoshabinlar discomfort – o’griq, noqulaylik helmets – dubulg’a, kaska hntense – jiddiy, intensiv telecast – televizor orqali programmani yoyish.

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions: 1. Are Americans interested in sports? 2. Do professional athletes become national heroes? 3. Are there sport teams in high schools? 4. Are there any coaches in the faculty? 5. What are the most popular sports in the USA? 6. What specializations have become respectable thanks sport? 7. Why do Americans spend so much time on sport activities?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. Sports play such an important role in American life that the … of sports, sports medicine, and sports psychology have become respectable specializations. sociology

2. Many Americans jog every day, or play tennis … … two or three times a week. or bridge 3. They go on ski trips and …expeditions that require weeks of planning and organizing. hunting 4. In the Americans’ view, all these activities are worth the … they may cause because they contribute to health and physical fitness. discomfort 5. That is …why Americans are known as a healthy nation. probably

Prepositions of Time at, in, on an exact time The train arrives at 6.00 The film starts at 9.00. at+ special days or occasions Lucy met an old friend at her sister’s wedding. times of meals and the The concert is at lunchtime. weekend What are you doing at the weekend? in+ parts of the day There are events in the evening every day. It gets cooler in the afternoon. month, seasons, years, The festival is in may. centuries He was born in 1994. they built the castle in the eleventh century on+ dates and days The festival starts on 5 May. My interview is on Thursday afternoon.

We say at night, NOT in the night: The supermarket is open at night. (wrong)-the supermarket is open in the night. No preposition We don’t use a preposition with  This (morning, week, etc): What time did you have breakfast this morning?  Last (month, year, etc): The new theatre opened last month. 89

 Next (week, year, etc): My English course starts next week.  Every (day, weekend, etc): There are special events every day. Wrong = Kevin’s exam was on last Tuesday. Kevin’s exam was last Tuesday. Wrong = There’s a festival here in every February. There’s a festival here every February.

WRITING. Activity1. Match the two parts of the sentences.

1. The first men walked on the moon in a) 9 June, 1963 2. Americans usually have family parties in b) Saturdays 3. World War two lasted from c) The morning 4. People usually do their best work in d) 1969 5. Johnny Depp was born on e) November 6. Children don’t usually go to school on f) 1939 until 1945

Make up situation using these words. Excessive – mo’l-ko’l, serob Arranging – tartibga keltirmoq Associated – bog’langan Unique –yagona, tengsiz pageantry – jozibali manzara , hasham audiences – tomoshabinlar Discomfort – o’griq, noqulaylik Helmets – dubulg’a, kaska Intense – jiddiy, intensiv Telecast – televizor orqali programmani yoyish.

It is interesting to know!

 Baseballs were originally made from the foreskins of horses.  The state sport of Alabama is figure skating.

LESSON 17

UNIT VSPORT AND HEALTH

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

READING. Activity 1. BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY There are 3 chief parts of the human body: the head, the trunk, the limbs or extremities. The skeleton of the body is composed of 223 bones of various size and shapes, which give firm but flexible support to the soft tissues, muscles, and organs. The body framework of the head, enclosing the brain and supporting the face, is the skull.The skeleton of the trunk mainly consists of the spinal column

made of a series of bony rings. The trunk is divided into two large cavities by the diaphragm. The chest is the upper of these cavities, the belly or the abdomen- the lower.The upper cavity contains heart and lungs. In the lower cavity there is stomach, liver, gallbladder and the intestines. The lungs belong to the respiratory systems. Kidneys and bladder are part of the urinary systems. The heart, the arteries, veins constitute the cardiovascular system.The upper extremity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm and the hand. Each hand has 4 fingers and one humb.The parts of the lower extremity are the thigh(hip), the lower leg and the foot.

SPEAKING . Activity 2Answer the questions. 1. What are the chief parts of the human body? 2. What does the skeleton consist of? 3. What does the skull contain? 4. How do we call the large cavities into which the trunk is divided? 5. What organs does the chest contain? 6. What are the parts of the upper extremity? 7. What organs are located in the belly? 8. What parts does the lower extremity consist of? 9. What systems of organs are named in the text? 10. What organs belong to the urinary system? 11. What system of organs do lungs belong to? 12. What constitutes the cardiovascular system?

face cheek forehead hair bridge eyebrow ofthenose eye temple nose arm nostrils shoulder neck ear mouth upperarm chin forearm palm thumb forefinger wrist

armpit middle elbow crook breast ofthearm littlefinger chest ring back stomach finger waist flank TRUNK abdominal hip

groin EXTREMITIES / LIMBS

buttocks leg

thigh hamstring knee

calf shins heel sole ballofthefoot ankle instep

toes foot

J M G A R H P A I D K T

DE X O H C A M O T S A N S

E O T I S S U E S I E E A

G E S R N T I V E M H E E

N O D N E T S A A N S N R

E L C S U M F G D O A A B

B E E X C E I T N G R N C

R E L T O L B T R U N K H

A Y L L E B R O I A L L E

I R Y S T O E Y S E E E S

N T S I A W S T E M S H T

Find the following words in the puzzle in any direction. muscle, tendon, ligament, trunk, tissues, cell, organ, fibres, extremities, head, knee, waist, elbow, ankle, diaphragm, toe, toe, belly, stomach, joint, heart, lungs, brain, breast, chest, nose.

Write the remaining letters here:

…………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………….. Vocabulary muscle–mushak, muskul trunk – inson tanasi tendon – pay, chandir tissues – to’qima (organic) ligament - pay cell -hujayra

organ – tanaa’zosi, organ hip – son, yonbosh fibres – ruhiyat, jasurlik groin –sonlarorasi extremities – oyoqyokiqo’l thigh –oyoq waist – bel, biqin shins –qalpoqcha, futbolistla rterisini ankle – to’piq himoya qilish diaphragm - diafragma ankle –to’piq toe – oyoq barmoqlari,oyoquchi cheek –yonoq belly - qorin temple –chakka joint – bo’g’im upper arm –mushak lungs – o’pkalar fore arm –tirsak, bilak brain - miya crook of the arm –bilak chuqurchasi breast – ko’krak, bag’ir back –orqa tomon chest–ko’krak, bag’ir flank – yon, yonbosh tomon forehead –peshana buttocks –dumba bridge of the nose –burun suyagi hamstring – son nostrils –ikki burun katagining biri heel –tovon wrist –bilak sole –oyoqning tag qismi thumb – bosh barmoq ball of the foot –oyoq barmoqlari palm –kaft instep –oyoqning ichki qismi armpit –qo’ltiq calf –boldir breast –ko’ks forefinger – bosh barmoq chest –ko’ks middle-finger –o’rta barmoq waist –bel, biqin ring finger –nomsiz barmoq abdominal –kindik little finger-jimjiloq

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME Before, after

We use before and after with  Times: Let’s meet before 7:00. The film starts then. Train tickets are cheaper after 9:30 in the morning.  Events/situations: There will be drinks before the film. Let’s watch TV after dinner. My grandmother was born before the war. I can meet you after work. By, for, during We use by to mean ‘not later than :’ Please give me your housework by Friday. (on or before Friday) The holiday will be cheaper if we book it by 30 April. (on or before 30 April ) The meeting is on Wednesday so I’ll finish the report by then. We use for + a period of time: For an hour, two days, three weeks It means ‘the whole time’: We waited for the bus for an hour.

WRITING. Activity 4. Look at the sports. How many of them do you play with a ball? football tennis aerobics table tennis gymnastics athletics rowing badminton ice hockey swimming squash volleyball fishing baseball skiing cricket hockey rugby golf boxing basketball sailing

It is interesting to know!

 Studies show high school tennis players score significantly lower on math tests, it is assumed because of the sport’s illogical 15–30–40 scoring system.  According to the official Major League Baseball rule book, baseball games “are to last 9 innings or two and one-half hours, whichever comes first.”

LESSON 18. HEALTH IS WEALTH

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning a b c

READING. Activity 1. Health is wealth.

Furthermore, they also allow youth to learn and practice in a competitive environment. While sports may increase childcare’s positive social interaction with adults and one another, they can also create stressful environments for children. For example, adults may place unrealistic pressure on their children to perform. Parents and children must find a balance in regard to how many extracurricular activities children participate in. Team sports participation can be an amazing tool that helps children grow and succeed in their everyday lives and in the future

“Health is wealth. ” Those who have understood its importance will try to keep themselves fit. Apart from a balanced diet, sports are necessary to maintain our health. If we do not play regularly, our body does not develop. Our body becomes weak. We may become a target for many of the diseases. Sports are necessary for maintaining our health and physical fitness. Sports also inculcate good qualities in us. Involving oneself in competitive sports will encourage healthy competition. Taking up captain-ship in team games will inculcate leadership qualities. Playing as a team will encourage co-operation among the players. We may feel that, if we spend our time in playing, when should we study? Here is a solution- Study in the morning as the mind is fresh. After you return home from school, play for about one to two hours as the mind is tired. Then you can study again. So friends, always remember the proverb, “All study and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” This proverb not only applies to Jack but for all of us.

Vocabulary stressful – butun diqqat e’tiborini jalb qiladigan extracurricular–darsdan tashqari a target– nishon, mo’ljal, maqsadqilish inculcate– qayta qayta takrorlash orqali sabab bo’lmoq balanced– jismoniy tenglik

SPEAKING. Activity 2. 1. What are the reasons for participating in sports? health, pleasure, relaxation, peer pressure, image 2. What do you personally get from sports? sense of achievement, friendship, relief from stress, excitement 3. What gains do individuals in general get from sports? discipline, team spirit, knowledge of controlled competition, a feeling for obeying rules, fame, money, glory, sexappeal 4. Are sports character-building? If so, in what way? yes, they encourage virtues such as discipline, team spirit, fairness, sportsmanship and perseverance OR no, they make people too competitive, encouraging blind group loyalty, and are far too commercial; football hooliganism, cheating, fouling and drug taking are all part of the sports world and sports players are often very poor role models 5. Do particular sports have different effects on people? team sports are likely to produce different effects than individual sports; some sports have a far more aggressive image than others (motor racing vs. ping pong), some are safer and healthier than others 6. Do some sports suit particular types of people? the lone thinker may like distance running, the body-conscious weight training, the cooperator football, the aggressive rugby, and so on 7. Does watching sport have the same sort of effects as participating in one? it certainly is not as healthy and is more commercialized 8. What value does being a sports fan have? fun, groupmembership, loyalty

PREPOSITION OF PLACE

At There’s someone at the door. She is at her desk by 9.00 every day. Write your name at the top of the paper. In There are some books in the cupboard. There was no one in the house. On The computer is on the desk. The poster is on the wall. above There’s a poster on the wall above the desk. He lives in the flat above the shop. below Adrian is standing below the clock. The coats are in the cupboard below the stairs. under The rubbish bin is under the desk. I keep my old school books under the bed. next to The cupboard next to/by/beside the desk. He lives in the house by next to/by/beside the school beside near She works at the shop near the station.

LISTENING. Activity 3. Fill the gaps while Listening. The Fight against Drugs in Sports ? The use of performance-enhancing drugs, such as anabolic steroids, is banned by world sports organizations like the Olympic Committee. These drugs are bad for the health of the people who take them, and are a form of cheating. If one athlete is using them and another not, it is unfair. Athletes really want to win. Successful sports players get a lot of attention and money. There are many coaches and players willing to break the rules in order

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to improve their performance. The sports associations often test athletes to try to stop this cheating, but it seems to be very difficult to achieve this, and some athletes say the tests are not good and serious mistakes are made. Taking banned drugs seems quite common as there are so many big scandals. Everyone can think of examples of famous athletes, basketball players and cyclists who have been caught out by tests. I think it is difficult to decide what is fair. Is it fair if you have a better racquet than I do? Isn’t Formula 1 racing all about having the better technology? Is taking drugs really different from using the latest special equipment? There is also the question of what we should think about surgery. Many golfers have laser surgery to improve their eyesight, and more and more basketball players are having elbow tendon implants. Soon there will be many more microscopic implants which can aid athletes. I think it will get harder and harder to say what is natural and what not so we will not know what rules to make for athletes.

WRITING. Activity 4. Choose the correct preposition. 1. Our closest theatre festival takes place on/at/inTashkent. 2. Sometimes you can’t get close near/by the stage. 3. Some actors don’t like to play opposite/behind/in front of a big crowd. 4. A lot of people go at/in/to the Tashkent festival. 5. The Tashkent Theatre Festival starts in/on/at August. 6. Most summer festivals here are from July up/in/to September. 7. We try to see a play at the festival in every/on every/every week. 8. Festivals don’t usually take place while/during/from the winter. 9. Most people travel to the festival in/with/by car or train. 10. Tickets are usually to sale/by sale/for sale two months before the start.

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It is interesting to know!

 It is customary for jockeys to be paid in coins, no matter how large their winnings.  In the ancient Greek Olympics, wrestling matches were in the nude and a match did not end until one of the competitors became aroused.

LESSON 19. IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning a b c

READING. Activity 1.

IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL EXERCISES

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Exercise will absolutely help you to burn your calories if you are working out regularly. In fact, when you are exercising, the oxygen and nutrients will be carried to all over your body tissues through your cardiovascular system. With a better blood circulation, it does mean that your heart and lungs functions would be strengthened. It could improve your stamina and provide the energy you need for the entire day Vocabulary absolutely– mutlaqo, tamoman calories– kaloriya, kuch regularly– muntazam ravishda oxygen - kislorod nutrients – to’yimli tissues - tozalashda ishlatiladigan yumshoq quruq qog’oz cardiovascular – yurak va qon aylanishiga bog’liq heart – yurak, qalb lungs - opkalar circulation – qon aylanishi stamina – chidamlilik, bardoshlilik entire – butun, to’la

LISTENING. Activity 2.

1. Read the text below and see if you can guess the answers. Then listen to the recording of an introductory about the text.. Compare your answers with a classmate’s before listening again to check your answers. Read the one-sided argumentative essay below and do the activities that follow.

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Should hunting be allowed?

The shooting of animals or birds for the pleasure it gives is common in many countries around the world. In the United States, for example, many people have guns and may go hunting for deer, squirrels, and other small animals as a social or family activity. In France and Italy, bird hunting is also an activity welcomed by many people. Despite the concern that some people have about the pain that hunting may cause to animals and hence their argument that it should be banned, my opinion is that hunting is a fun-filled and healthy activity that should be allowed. Firstly, hunting is good exercise not only for the body, but also for the mind. It requires a lot of strategies and planning. For instance, before you go hunting for animals, you will need to find out a lot of information, such as where their habitat is, when and how they usually appear, how you can attract them, or where to hide yourself in order not to be discovered. It also requires a lot of patience and perseverance as very often you will have to wait for a long while before you need to hold up your rifle or shotgun, after which, of course, will be a test of your shooting skills, which call for a quick and clear mind as well as fitness and agility. Secondly, the wildlife population needs to be put under control, and hunting is one of the ways that help. Take Canada as an example, the population of seals has now grown to millions. If we do not try to hold down the number, we know from history that the animals will soon experience a tragic die-off when they are unable to find food and shelter. Such deaths will often lead to far more suffering on the animals as compared with those caused by bullets from the hunters’ rifles. Another reason why hunting should be allowed is that for many years, it has been a source of pleasure, excitement and satisfaction for those who enjoy the activity. It provides an opportunity for people to relax in the peace and quietness of the wilderness while at the same time learn more about nature and enjoy the fun of hunting. Contrary to the view that hunters shoot for the joy of killing,

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many of them in fact love nature and animals more than the others do. In countries like Australia where people fall for the fascination of animals, vast areas of hunting grounds are available to provide animal-lovers with the adventurous experience of hunting animals like pigs, boars, rabbits and deer. It is through the activity that these animal-lovers get to observe and understand more about wildlife. All in all, hunting is an activity that helps to tune up our body and our mind and contributes to solving the problem of animal overpopulation and maintaining our ecosystem. Only if we make sensible decisions on where, what and how to shoot, hunting is just like any other sports activity and I see no reason

why it should not be allowed.

PREPOSITION OF MOVEMENT

From the ticket office, you go through the gate and along the path. Go past the toilets and follow the path to the food court. Then go round the fountain and across the bridge. The main stage is in front of you.

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1. along, past, across, over, through, round, from to along walk along the path past go past the toilets across go across the bridge over go over the bridge through go through the main gate round go round the fountain from you go from the ticket office to follow the path to the food court

We also use from in this way: Our English teacher comes/is from New Zealand. 2. into, out of, onto, off into let’s go into the house out of Can you get my shoes out of the wardrobe? onto The cat jumped onto the table off The cat jumped off the table

We get into/out of a car or taxi, but get on/off a bus, plane, train, ship, bike: Get into the car. We’re ready to go. I felt ill when I got off the ship. I got into the bus.(wrong) I got on the bus.

WRITING.

Is your partner a «couch potato» or an active person? Use the words in the box to write topic.

For example: What do you do at week-ends? Do you often go swimming?

read, watch TV, play football/tennis, go jogging, cycling, swimming, dancing, walking, go to the gym/for a walk/out, to a movie

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It is interesting to know!

 The prize for event winners in the Ancient Olympics was an olive branch wreath. No gold medals, but a simple wreath made from the branches and leaves of an Olive Tree. Sometimesleftnatural, oftensprayedgold.  Golf balls were originally made from dried cow eyeballs.

LESSON 20.

THE BAD EFFECT OF PERSON DOESN’T PLAY SPORTS OR DO PHYSICAL EXERCISES Look at the picture and guess the meaning. a b

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READING. Activity 1.

The bad effect of person doesn’t play sports or do physical exercises

Numerous epidemiological investigations have shown that low physical fitness and low physical activity are related to the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). Most studies, however, have not examined both variables concurrently to determine which has the strongest association with CAD risk. The purpose of this investigation was to cross-section-ally examine the relationships among physical fitness, physical activity, and risk factors for CAD. Male law enforcement officers (N = 412) from the City of Austin, Texas, were subjects for this study. Physical fitness, physical activity, and risk factors for CAD were assessed through health screenings and from data. Health is Supreme no matter what sport you play, you are bound to have better health than people who avoid sports. No other activity is as productive in gaining endurance, strengthening of muscles and overall physical fitness as sports. To attain a fit body and pleasing and attractive personality, you need to play sports. Productive Time Utilization When we are playing, we actually utilize our free time in doing something good. In fact, parents who scold their kids for playing, instead of mugging up books in afternoons, must realize that the kid gains nothing from disinterested studying, while they gain good health and better psyche from games.Super Brain Playing increases sharpness of mind and mental strength. Sport teaches you how to handle failures with dignity, while enjoying victories to the maximum. Also, it trains people to handle crunch situations, where stress can try and pull them down. All positive traits for a healthy mind and a healthy persona can be gained from sports. Improves Alertness Sports teach you to be completely alert all the time. It also gives you the ability to make split second decisions, when you are required to do so. Playing games actually increases your brain activity; never letting your attention wander and also making you understand things in more detail. The knowledge, thus, achieved is not limited to the ground or the court and can be used

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in making spilt-second decisions in tough situations posed by life as well.De- stressed Sports are the healthiest way to de-stress yourself. Playing a game relaxes you and also gives a fresh positive feeling to life. A hard day at work can be really taxing and strenuous both for the mind and the soul. In such circumstances, what can be the best way to deal with the parched nerves than to jump into a pool of warm water and swim your way out of it! Instills Confidence & Discipline Self confidence is boosted by excelling in sports and while trying to excel, discipline becomes a part of life. Anyone who takes sports seriously knows the importance of discipline and the determination to succeed. He also becomes dedicated and responsible, in turn, becoming more successful and confident. Team Player Most of the popular games are team events and those played individually also have team versions. Playing team games makes a person more comfortable with others. It improves the interpersonal skills and makes a person efficient as a team player. He generates positive vibes that help him to work in any scenario with different people, who have different senses and sensibilities.Career Path Sports can also be chosen as a career. Sportspersons are heroes of national and regional importance who are looked up to. They are role models for many and are imperative people who do the nation proud throughout the world. As far as monetary benefits are concerned, playing sports is today a booming career, given the kind of money involved. Sportspersons make lots of money through endorsements and other activities, apart from the money generated through sports. Vocabulary incidence – ko’lam, miqdor coronary artery disease – arterial qon kasalligi concurrently – bir paytda sodir bo’ladigan bound – aniq, tayin avoid – biror narsadan qochish endurance – chidam, sabr attain–yetib bormoq, muvaffaqqiyat 109

utilization– biror maqsadda foydalanish mugging up – jadallashtirib o’qimoq increases –yuksalmoq sharpness – o’tkir va tez handle – ushlamoq, tutmoq failures – yutqazib qo’yish dignity – unvon, mansab crunch situations–o’yinning eng muhim vaziyati alertness – hushyorlik tough situations – qiyin, mushkul vaziyat posed –esda qoladigan vaziyat taxing – kop urinish, kuchni talab qilish strenuous – kuchni va urinishni ko’rsatish wander – hayrat, mo’jiza circumstances - sharoitda instills confidence – o’ziga ishonch uyg’tmoq self confidence – o’ziga ishonch boosted – yuksalgan, qo’llab-quvvatlangan excelling – nimadadir zor bo’lmoq vibes - taassurotlar traits - xususiyatlar endorsements – ma’qullash, tasdiqlash

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Answer the questions. 1. Do you think professional athletes earn too much money? Why or why not? Which sport's athletes do you think earn the money money? 2. Are people in your country crazy about sports? 3. Do professional athletes in your country make millions of dollars a year? 4. Sometimes sports teams ask the city to help them build a new stadium. Do you think the city should give money for this? Whyorwhynot? 110

5. When the city helps build a new sports stadium, who benefits the most - the team, the city, the nearby businesses, or the sports fans? 6. What do you do to keep fit? 7. What are some of the benefits of sports? 8. How are sports beneficial to you? 9. What is your favorite winter activity?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. … When we are playing, we actually utilize our free time in doing something good. Productive Time Utilization. 2. In fact, parents who scold their kids for playing, instead of mugging up books in afternoons, must realize that the kid gains nothing from disinterested studying, while they gain … from games. good health and better psyche 3. Super Brain Playing increases sharpness of mind and … .mental strength. 4. Sport teaches you how to handle failures with dignity, … to the maximum. while enjoying victories 5. Also, it trains people to handle …. , where stress can try and pull them down. crunch situations, 6. All positive traits for a healthy mind and …. can be gained from sports. a healthy person

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PREPOSITION OTHER MEANING

Last year I went to the “Yosh-kitobxon” book festival. I went with my two best friends, and we went by bus. It was great – we went to a really funny and interesting talk bySaid Ahmad. He wrote the most interesting books. 1. By We use by to talk about A way of travelling: We went to Hay by bus. Shokhruh goes to work by bike. A way of communicating: I keep in touch with all my friends by email. A way of playing for something: I pay for my shopping by credit card . (but we pay for something in cash or by cash.) Soliha goes to work by foot(wrong) Amanda goes to work on foot. We also use by to say who wrote or produced something: The young James Bond books are by Charlie Hughson. ‘Guernica” is a famous painting by Pablo Picasso. The play ‘Macbeth’ was written by Shakespeare.

WRITING. Match the words. Ex 1. Match the sentences 1-5 with the meanings A-F. 0.That picture is by Karen, when she was d. She painted the picture. at college. 1.That picture is of Karen, when she was a. She is a photographer. at college. 2.Karen usually goes to work on foot. b. She walks to work.

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3.Karen catches the bus if she’s late. c. She is in the picture. 4.Karen works as a photographer . e. She isn’t photographer. 5.Karen looks like a photographer. f. She sometimes goes to work by bus.

It is interesting to know!

 Former NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle was born with a spinal protuberance that looked like a small tail, which he kept all his life.  During Vin Scully’s first year as a broadcaster in 1957, he was suspended by the Dodgers for calling a home run with “He hit that like it was Marilyn Monroe!”

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LESSON 21.

HOW TO MAKE YOURSELF PHYSICALLY TOUGHER

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning

a b

READING. Activity 1.

How to make yourself physically tougher

Toughness, commonly defined as the ability to tolerate an uncomfortable situation over time, is split into two main categories: mental and physical. Athletes from a range of sports try to become tougher to improve overall performance. According to R.J. Anderson, assistant editor at “Coaching Management,” becoming physically tougher involves a program of exercises for both mind and body.Define your goals and expectations for becoming physically tougher. For example, a basketball player may define physical toughness as the ability to play tough defense, or grab loose balls or offensive rebounds. A mixed-martial-arts fighter, on the other hand, may define toughness as the ability to withstand a series

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of strikes and kicks.Build mental toughness by focusing and concentrating on the task at hand. Stew Smith, a former Navy SEAL and a certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist, says that mental toughness is the key to increasing the body’s ability to withstand physical pain and discomfort. Perform every workout or training session with 100-percent effort. Tough workouts build physical toughness by teaching your mind and body how to deal with uncomfortable situations.Avoid pain during the workouts and training sessions. Becoming physically tougher should lead to discomfort, but not to pain or injury. Increase your strength level through strength-training workouts. Stronger athletes are typically the ones who are physically tougher and able to withstand higher levels of intensity in the game.Stay focused on your goals; building physical toughness takes time and dedication. The process will not be easy; stay committed to the overall goal, and you will see gradual progress. Vocabulary toughness – jismoniy jihatdan kuchlilik tolerate – yoqimsiz bo’lsada ruhsat berish expectations – ishonch, umid defense – himoya discomfort – noqulaylik dedication – fidokorlik, sadoqat gradual – bosqichma-bosqich

SPEAKING. Activity 2.

What Are the Benefits of Gymnastics for Kids?

The Advantages of Playing Football

What Are the Benefits of Self-Defense Classes?

Importance of Games and Sports in Life

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How Does Playing Sports Affect Someone's Life?

What Is Team Dynamics?

LISTENING. Activity 3.

1. … , commonly defined as the ability to tolerate an uncomfortable situation over time, is split into two main categories: mental and physical. Toughness, 2. … from a range of sports try to become tougher to improve overall performance. Athletes 3. According to R.J. Anderson, assistant editor at “… … ,” becoming physically tougher involves a program of exercises for both mind and body. “Coaching Management,” 4. Increase your strength level through … - … workouts. strength-training 5. Stronger athletes are typically the ones who are physically tougher and able to withstand … … …. in the game. higher levels of intensity.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FOR UNFINISHED TIME

We use the present perfect simple to talk about finished states that happened in a period of time which is not finished. The time phrases we use (for examples this week, in the last twelve months) are connected to present time. I’ve had two days off workthis week. (this week is not finished) How often have you had a headache in the last twelve months? (in the last twelve months includes this month.)

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We use the past simple to talk about finished actions and states that happened in a period of time that is also finished. The time phrases we use (for example, last Friday, two years ago) are not connected to present time. I was ill last Friday. He went to relaxation classes two years ago.

WRITING. Activity 4.

Ex 1. Mark the phrases unfinished time (U) or finished time (F).

Yesterday Last month This month In 1998 Last week This week In my life One year ago Today In the last month Since last year This morning Ex 2. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form. 1. I have been/went for walk a few days ago. 2. I’ve done/did a lot of sport this morning. 3. I’ve made/ made some good friends this year. 4. I have been/ was very busy last month. 5. I’ve been/ was quite tired in the last two weeks. 6. I haven’t had /didn’t have much free time this week. 7. I have had/had a big party for my last birthday.

It is interesting to know!  The longest recorded point in tennis history took 29 minutes and featured the ball crossing the net 643 times in a 1984 women’s match. Young Aussie player Bernard Tomic (nicknamed “Tomic the Tank Engine”) lost a match last year in 28 minutes.

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 Tiger Woods once made 142 straight cuts, topping Jack Nicklaus’ record by 37 and routinely leading the next-best active player by 100 or more tournaments. (This is one of Tiger’s most underrated stats.)

LESSON 22.

UNIT VI ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES OF SPORT

Look at the picture and guess the meaning. a b

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READING. Activity 1. Advantages of sport.

Have you ever thought why people do sports? Absolutely, many people seem not to know the reasons. As an anecdote, there are many people who do sports for nothing around us. Every day we can encounter with these people. They regularly do sports; however, none of them realizes the benefits and importance of sports. In fact, vice versa, some people want to be fit and attractive, look smart. Unfortunately, these people can’t consider other benefits of sports. In my opinion, there are several benefits of sports that people often do not consider: sports are required to be healthy people, are needed for enjoyment, and are great market for countries’ economies. The first advantage of sports for people is that they help people be healthy, and be fit. Throughout history, people can’t give up their interest at their body. I believe that now many people love themselves no matter how beautiful or ugly they are. Naturally, people’s first aim should be healthy and fit with the benefits of sports. Due to this fact that Sports keep our body healthy. As a possible example, imagine that there is a car which has not worked for years. If you try to run the motor engine, it will not work anymore since it has been rusted and its engine may be broken down. As a result, people is similar to engines and motors. If we don’t do sports, we will be forced to rust, in other words, decomposition of our body; afterwards, we may have some problems with our body when we even need to small walk. In addition, sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation. According to many researches which have been done by scientists, we can prove 119

the importance of sports for our health because 70% middle aged people who did not do sports in their youth are now struggling with the problems such as high tension, trouble with blood circulation, easily become tired due to the lack of sports. The second advantage of sports for people is that they are required for our daily lives and competing at the international area because of enjoyment of sports. For many years, sports have been done by people. For example, have you ever thought why people want to play football or other games? The answer may be easy since sports are entertaining. They are sometimes magic’s as they catch our attention and give us pleasure as much as we need. Sometimes overwhelming life conditions may be unfair and make us unhappy. However, if there is a sport activity when we are unhappy, we will probably be motivated and be refreshed again after the sport activity. This should be the most important benefit of sports because many people do sports for this reason. In addition, have you ever thought why millions of people watch World Cup match without breathing? There might be some reasons behind the action of watching football match. The most important one might be the excitement and enjoyment of sport. Football match is ethylating because it gives us pleasure to watch. In the pitch and near the pitch, there are more than 18 men, and they are the representative of our sport culture. Within the excitement of sports, countries are able to compete in the international area. Due to this fact people like sports since they and their countries are able to compete and beat opponent countries and this is the most important reason to take pleasure from sports. The final and least advantage of sports is that they are the huge market for countries’ economy. First of all, if we look at only football industry. There are more than thousand professional team and at least these team have 25 players. If this is calculated, there are approximately 25000 players without working staff, scouts, coaches and managers. This should be the largest industry which employs many people in Turkey. In addition, countries and clubs have to establish new facilities for sports game. Some of them are the largest buildings in the entire 120

country that represent countries, for example Ataturk Olympic Stadium in Turkey. Supplying funds for this building may be the publicity of countries since constructing well designed stadiums help country prepare or organize big competitions such as World Cup, Olympics, and Tennis Tournaments. Finally, sports allow advertisement companies to make publicity of strong brands. For example, sponsorship is one of the best publicity of one company. Everyone watchestheirfavorite team or athlete, and audience will probably see the sponsor of team or athlete. For example, in England, Manchester United which is one of the most powerful clubs in international area has a sponsor called Vodafone. I am from Turkey, and I even know its sponsor. This will probably show the effectiveness of sponsorship in sports. All in all, we can conclude that there are several advantages and benefits of sports. First, sports are required by people to be fit, smart, and good looking. Second, sports are entertaining due to many facts. Third, sports are the huge market for countries’ economies. In my opinion, despite sports’ advantages, many people can’t believe that sports are useful and beneficial. I hope that in the future these people will tend to be more optimistically to sports since they are the necessity of our lives. Vocabulary encounter – kutilmagan uchrashuv vice versa – yoki aksi consider – faraz qilmoq, taxmin qilmoq no matter – muhokama qilingan decomposition – chirimoq, bo’laklanmoq struggling – yirik muammoga to’qnashmoq lack of sports – sportning yetishmasligi afterwards – keyinroq, keyinchalik high tension – kuchli ziddiyat, asabiylik entertaining – ko’ngil ochar magic – ajoyib, mo’jizali 121

overwhelming–juda kuchli, juda buyuk unfair – adolatsiz, nohaq excitement - tashvish enjoyment - huzur representative – vakil, ishtirokchi scouts, - razvedkachilar coaches - trenerlar to make publicity – oshkoralik, ochiq-oydinlik bilan strong brands- kuchli brand sponsorship– homiylik

SPEAKING. Activity 2. answer the questions

1. Have you ever thought why people do sports? 2. What is sports balance our body’s blood pressure and circulation? 3. Have you ever thought why people want to play football or other games? 4. Have you ever thought why millions of people watch World Cup match without breathing?

LISTENING. Activity 3. Fill the gaps missing words. 1. Supplying funds for this building may be the publicity of countries since constructing ….stadiums help country prepare or organize big competitions such as World Cup, Olympics, and Tennis Tournaments. well designed 2. .… , sports allow advertisement companies to make publicity of strong brands. Finally, 3. For example, …is one of the best publicity of one company. sponsorship 4. Everyone watches their favorite team or athlete, and … will probably see the sponsor of team or athlete. audience

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5. For example, in England, Manchester United which is one of the most powerful clubs in … has a sponsor called Vodafone. international area.

MODIFIERS

We can make an adjective stronger or weaker with a modifier. We put this before the adjective. Weak Strong A bit hungry Very Medium Really Quite Extremely Fairly

WRITING. Put the modifiers in the correct place in the sentences.

1. Super market Macro is always busy. (very) 2. I like the Tashkent Indenim Shop but in the service is slow. (a bit) 3. I think that the chicken burgers at the Fergana chicken are good. (really) 4. The fast food shops on Main Square are expensive. ( fairly) 5. The hot dogs at the happy sandwich are nice. (quite) 6. The magic hamburger in my town is popular. (extremely)

It is interesting to know!  Babe Ruth once said he knew he didn’t swing hard enough if “a little poop didn’t come out.”  During a two-week hamstring injury in 1948, the Dodgers secretly replaced Jackie Robinson in the lineup with a white man in black face named Herschel Morowitz.

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LESSON 23.

INJURES

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning

READING. Activity 1

SAFEST SPORTS TO PLAY The safest sports to play are those with the lowest injury rates. While almost any activity can pose some injury risk -- even if it’s just a pulled muscle or wear- and-tear to a joint -- non-contact sports generally are the safest ones. While basketball, for example, isn’t specifically a contact sport the way football is, there is plenty of pushing and other contact when players approach the basket. Similarly, sports that use a hard ball traveling at high speeds, like baseball, pose a higher risk than a sport with a softer ball like tennis. Swimming in a supervised pool is one of the safest sports, according to a 2007 report by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research. Researchers suggested that there would likely be no major injuries in swimming if teams prohibited racing dives in the pool's shallow end during practice. Competitive swimming does require the ability to swim a variety of strokes, hold your breath and have the stamina and fitness to finish races strongly. However, swimmers who are coached in proper techniques to avoid shoulder and back problems, for example and who stay in shape should find it a safe and rewarding sport.Among the most serious threats to golfers aside from being caught on the course in a lightning storm are injuries that arise from the repetitive action of swinging a golf club with a certain amount of force. The golf swing's powerful 124

twisting motion can place strain on the back, hips and knees. However, conditioning which includes strengthening the muscles around those joints -- and practicing technique that limits strain on the joints can allow you to play golf most of your life. As long as you stay alert for stray golf balls, and stay far from someone swinging a club, you should avoid this sport's rare contact injuries. Tennis. As with any sport, overworking certain muscles and joints in tennis can keep you off the court nursing an injury. However, if you avoid overuse and you rest when you start to feel soreness or other discomfort, you can prevent these types of injuries. Tennis is one of the safest sports to play, according to the center. Throughout 25 years of research, the center stated that more than 500,000 track and field injuries were reported in the U.S., more than 400,000 high-school baseball injuries were reported, and less than 140,000 tennis injuries were reported.Fencing. Ironically, a sport that features a weapon is also among the safest sports for its participants. Australia's Office of Communities notes modern- era safety equipment drastically boosts the safety of the sport. Because fencers wear protective headgear and padding around their torso and legs, they are well protected against the blunt tip and dull blade of all types of fencing swords. However, conditioning and flexibility are crucial to preventing injury, as extending one's arms and legs and reacting quickly to an opponent's actions are key parts of the sport. Vocabulary safest– xavfsiz lowest – eng quyi injury – shikastlanish, jarohat olish rates – foiz, (v) jalb qilmoq wear–and–tear–kiymoq va yirtmoq joint non–contact – qo’shma aloqada emas supervised– nazoratda, nazoratga olingan researchers– tadqiqotchilar prohibited–ta’qiqlangan, cheklangan 125

pool's shallow havza sayozligi, yuzasi dives– shong’imoq rewarding sport – munosib sport turi threats – qo’rquvlar, tahdidlar lightning storm – shunchaki bo’ron swinging– burilmoq, tebranmoq, dast ko’tarmoq, tashlanmoq certain amount – tegishli miqdor twisting motion – qayrilib harakatlanish strain– taranglik, tarang tortilgan alert for stray– yo’lni yo’qotmaslikka ogohlantirish soreness–og’riq, dard, yara-chaqa rare – noyob weapon – qurol yarog’ drastically boosts–jiddiy yordam torso – gavda, tana blunt tip and dull blade – qo’pol ko’rsatma va o’tmas tig’

SPEAKING. Activity 2.

What Is the Importance of Sports in Our Lives?

What Are the Benefits of Soccer for Kids?

Cheerleading Health Benefits?

How Does Playing Sports Affect Your Health?

Social Benefits of Children's Team Sports?

What Are the Benefits of Sport & Physical Activity?

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LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the necessary words while listening.

1. … to play are those with the lowest injury rates. The safest sports 2. While almost any activity can pose some … -- even if it’s just a pulled muscle or wear-and-tear to a joint -- non-contact sports generally are the safest ones. injury risk 3. While basketball, for example, isn’t specifically …. the way football is, there is plenty of pushing and other contact when players approach the basket. a contact sport 4. Similarly, sports that use a hard ball traveling at high speeds, like baseball, pose a higher risk than a sport … like tennis. with a softer ball 5. However, …. ….. in proper techniques -- to avoid shoulder and back problems, for example -- and who stay in shape should find it a safe and rewarding sport. swimmers who are coached

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

We can use the present perfect simple to talk about our experiences. We often use it with ever and never.

Have you ever met anyone famous?

Yes, I’ve metIroda To’laganova.

I’ve never visited Samarqand.

We use the present perfect simple to focus on the experience, not when or where it happened. If we want to give more details, we use the past simple. 127

I’ve met Iroda To’laganova.

I met her in Tashkent in 2018.

WRITING. Activity 4. Grammar exercise.Work in groups. Take it turns to make questions using the prompts below. If the answer is yes, ask more questions to find out the details. Have you ever driven a sport car? What kind of car was it?  Drive/ a sport car  Eat/ in an expensive restaurant  Find/ anything interesting in the street  Have/ a temporary summer job  Live/ in a different town  Lose/ your job  Stay/ in a five star hotel  Work/ in an office  Win/ a prize or a competition

It is interesting to know!  If Michael Phelps were a country, he’d rank No. 35 on the all-time Olympic gold medal list, ahead of 97 nations.  Wilt Chamberlain didn’t win MVP the year he scored 50.4 points and grabbed 22.9 rebounds per game. (Bill Russell did.)

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LESSON 24.

THE POSITIVE EFFECTS OF PLAYING SPORTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

READING. Activity 1.

The positive effects of playing sports in higher education

Kids who are active in school sports are fitter, have healthier body weights and are more confident. The risk of blood pressure, heart disease, osteoporosis and other chronic diseases is lower among physically active people, which makes it all the more important for children to appreciate the importance of physical activity at a young age. Improved Social Skills Participation in school sports provides a sense of belonging and being part of a team or group. You interact with your peers in a friendly manner. You learn to consider the interests of your teammates and to practice mutual respect and cooperation. You work together, share time and other resources, take turns to play and learn to cope with success and failure as a team. These interactions facilitate bonding and lasting friendships with your schoolmates, which can help make children more sociable and outgoing as they grow.

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Better Health Pastimes such as Internet, television and computer games can make children sedentary and increase the risk of obesity. Children who do not participate in sports or other physical activities are more likely to grow up to be inactive adults. Participation in school sports supports the healthy growth of the heart, lungs, muscles and bones. It also improves agility, coordination and balance. Exercise also helps reduce stress levels, anxiety and behavioral problems. Regular physical activity helps you relax better and reduces muscular tension. Lower Risk of Negative Influences Youth who participate in sports are less likely to commit crimes, says the Australian Sports Commission. Engaging in sports reduces the amount of unsupervised free time on your hands and prevents boredom. This makes options such as smoking, drinking and drugs less appealing. According to the Women’s Sport Foundation, girls who play sports do better at school and learn the importance of goal setting, strategizing and planning, all of which can be components of success in the workplace. They are also less likely to have sex or get pregnant at an early age, according to the Women's Sports Foundation. Self-Esteem and Confidence When you participate in school sports, you develop a variety of techniques and skills. You engage in friendly competition with your schoolmates, have an easier time maintaining a healthy body weight and have a lower risk of developing obesity. Boys and girls who play sports have more positive body images than those who are sedentary. When you play well and win games, you gain a sense of accomplishment, which helps shape self-esteem. Vocabulary fitter- aynan mos osteoporosis –tibbiyotda; suyakni mo’rtlashib oson cinadigan holat mutual – o’zaro interactions – o’zaro ta’sir, munosobat sedentary–kam harakat, qimirlamaydigan 130

agility –harakatchanlik, epchillik coordination – koordinatsiya, o’zaro bog’liqlik balance - muvozanat

SPEAKING. Activity 2. Quiz.

What Are the Benefits of Competitive Sports for You?

Sports consultant job description?

The negative effects of youth sports?

How to make yourself physically tougher?

What are the benefits of gymnastics for kids?

The advantages of playing football?

LISTENING. Activity 3.

1. Youth who participate in sports are less likely …. , says the Australian Sports Commission. to commit crimes, 2. … …. reduces the amount of unsupervised free time on your hands and prevents boredom. Engaging in sports 3. This makes options such as smoking, drinking and … …. . drugs less appealing. 4. According to the … … , girls who play sports do better at school and learn the importance of goal setting, strategizing and planning, all of which can be components of success in the workplace. Women’s Sport Foundation 5. They are also less likely to have sex or get pregnant at an early age, …. the Women's Sports Foundation. according to

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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE WITH ALREADY AND YET

We usually use already in positive sentences. We use it to emphasize that something has happened before now (perhaps earlier than expected). It is early in the morning, but she has already arrived at work. We use yet in negative sentences and questions. We use it to talk or ask about something that has happened, but will probably happen soon. Have you checked your email yet? No, I haven’t done it yet.

WRITING. Activity 4. Grammar exercise. Make sentences that are true for you using the prompts. Foe each sentence, give some extra information. I haven’t finished my studies yet. I’m going to take my final exam next year. 1. Finish my studies 2. Find the perfect job 3. Meet the love of my life 4. Buy my own home 5. Travel to lots of different countries

It is interesting to know!  “Federer” can be typed entirely with the left hand.  When Michael Jordan averaged 37.1 points per game in 1986-87, his Chicago Bulls were a sub.500, eighth-seeded playoff team that got swept by the Boston Celtics in the first round.

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LESSON 25.

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF YOUTH SPORTS

Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

READING. Activity 1.

The negative effects of youth sports

Children love sports, but since they are still developing physically and mentally, they may encounter some negative effects. If possible, choose an organized-sports league that actively promotes healthy attitudes and lifestyles among its members. With a supportive environment and the right encouragement,

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you will be able to minimize the chances of either physical or mental injuries to your child. Injuries A 2009 report published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) outlines some common risks of injuries for children in sports. These include sprains and strains (muscle, ligament and tendon injuries), growth plate injuries (damage to areas of tissue growth near the ends of bones in growing children), repetitive motion injuries and heat-related illnesses. To avoid these injuries, the NIH recommends researching the sports organization you enroll your child in to make sure it has officials and coaches trained in CPR and first aid. Also, the NIH recommends that your child have all necessary protective gear. Finally, make sure your child stays hydrated and follows the safety rules of the sport. Early Burnout Competitive sports may be too stressful for children, according to a report by James White and Gerald Masterson, Ph.D. on FamilyResource.com. They cite research that shows that children may experience “burnout,” a stress reaction that results from overtraining and an environment that tells children to “play at all costs.” The authors of the report advise parents to avoid pressuring children to specialize in just one sport, as this may make children feel they must perform rather than have fun. Instead, allow children to play all the different sports they wish. Also, create an environment for your children that decreases the competitive aspect of sports in favor of its fun and enjoyable aspects. Inadequate Nutrition Nemours is a non-profit organization that provides information about child health and safety via its website KidsHealth.org. It warns parents that children in sports use high levels of energy and have an increased chance of injury, so it is important that they receive proper nutrition. The organization offers dietary advice and guidance for parents of children who play sports. If possible, ask a dietitian or nutritionist about what nutritional risks your children face and to help you construct a diet that supplies your children with all the nutrients they need. 134

Vocabulary encouragement–ruhlantirish, burnout – yonmoq, kuymoq nutrition - ovqatlanish nutrients– to’yimli decreases– kamayish, kamaymoq overtraining– juda ulkan, juda ko’p

SPEAKING. Activity 2.

How to make yourself physically tougher.

What are the benefits of gymnastics for kids?

The advantages of playing football.

What are the benefits of self-defense classes?

Importance of games and sports in life.

How does playing sports affect someone’s life?

LISTENING. Activity 3.

1. … …. by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) outlines some common risks of injuries for children in sports. A 2009 report published 2. These include … … (muscle, ligament and tendon injuries), growth plate injuries (damage to areas of tissue growth near the ends of bones in growing children), repetitive motion injuries and heat-related illnesses. sprains and strains 3. To avoid … … , the NIH recommends researching the sports organization you enroll your child in to make sure it has officials and coaches trained in CPR and first aid. these injuries,

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4. Also, the NIH recommends that your child have all necessary … … .protective gear 5. Finally, make sure your child stays hydrated and follows … … of the sport. the safety rules

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FOR AND SINCE

We use the present perfect simple for states that began in the past and continue into the present. The states are unfinished. Example: How long have you had your pet? I’ve had it for many years. I’ve had it since my sixteen birthdays. For many years (a period of time) Past since my 16th birthday now (a point in time) We use the past simple for actions and states that are finished. Compare these examples. Present perfect simple She’s had it for many years (and she still has it). Past simple She had it for many years. (but she doesn’t have it now).

WRITING. Activity 4. Ex 1. complete the phrases with for or since. 1. ------2002 2. ------a day or two 3. ------Monday 4. ------yesterday

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5. ------I left school 6. ------three years 7. ------an hour 8. ------an hour 9. ------the lesson started 10. ------five minutes 11. ------half past six 12. ------last week

Ex 2. How many different ways can you complete the questions?

1. How long have you been …. ? 2. How long have you had …. ? 3. How long have known … ?

It is interesting to know!  There are 18 minutes of total action in a baseball game.  The two golf balls Alan Shephard hit on the moon with a six-iron (one that went into a crater another that “sailed for miles and miles”) are still there.

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LESSON 26.

UNIT VII UZBEK NATIONAL GAMES

UZBEK NATIONAL GAMES Look at the pictures and guess the meaning.

READING. Activity 1.

ORIGIN OF UZBEK NATIONAL GAMES Folk games have always fulfilled educational function in all societies. Unlike other types of education, in the folk games this process occurs with ease and in the form of competition. Thanks to them it is possible to develop an individual physically and mentally. And as a rule, folk games are open to anyone, and as such, they are considered the most democratic type of education.From time immemorial folk games have embodied peoples' lifestyle, their everyday life and labor habits, national values and principles, their ideas about honor and courage, their desire of having physical strength and intellect. Their participants had to demonstrate such qualities as dexterity, swiftness and beauty of movements, resourcefulness, endurance, creativity, drive for victory and collective actions.In children's folk games it is possible to observe existence of humor, jokes and competitive fervor. The movements oftentimes are accompanied by sudden and joyful moments, alluring and interesting counting rhymes, nursery rhymes and draws. All these have their artistic charm and aesthetic value, and as such, represent invaluable and inimitable folklore.

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A great educational value is inherent in the rules of game. They determine the whole course of the game, regulate actions and behaviors of participants, their mutual relations, help in nurturing their will and character. They also stimulate active thinking, promote broadening of the mind, ensure clarification of ideas about surrounding world and help in improving all mental processes.Uzbek folk games, in terms of features, prevalent in them, are classified as follows: • Hunting games (Gang, Jambil, Lappak, Oshiq, Khappak, Chirgizak);Harakatli o’yinlar • Shepherds' games (Tuptosh, Kotarma tosh, Echki oyin, Chopon va shoqol, Qadama tayoq, Chillik, Podachi, Chanta, Chuv-chuv); • Games associated with crafts (Dandarak, Charkhpalak, Besh barmoq, Paqilloq, Lanka, Chighiriq, Uzuk soldi, Varrak, Sartarosh, Koz boghlar, etc.); • Games associated with agriculture (Palakhmon, Jon burgam, Somon sepdi, Chanoq oyin, Shaftoli shaker, Qoriqchi, etc.); • Imitation games (Khola-khola, Topaloq, Kim oladi-yo, Ayiq oyin, Khoroz urushtirish, Oqsoq turna, Bosari, Asalari, Ghozlar, etc.); • Action games (Chunka shuvoq, Chim otish, Kim tex, Hurkach, Tufaloq, Chori chambar, Mushuk-sichqon, Yoghoch oyoq, Durra olish, Khalinchak, etc.); • Word games (Kim chaqqon, Bolkon-bolkon, Botmon-botmon, Juftmi-toq, Oq quyonim alomat, Oq terakmi, kok terak, Pirr etdi, etc.); • Games played during get-togethers (Gap-gashtak, Topik oyin, Podsho-vazir, Podsho-oghri, Arshi alo, etc.); • Folk wrestling and the games associated with it (Milliy kurash, Polvonbozlik, Yelkada kurash, Bel olish kurashi, etc.); • Riders' games (Chavgon, Uloq-kopkari, Piyoda poyga, Oltin qoboq, Shoghuloq,Qiz quvish, Eshak mindi, etc.).

Vocabulary occurs–sodir bo’lmoq, ro’y bermoq immemorial– qadimgi, ilgarigi dexterity– mohirlik 139

swiftness– tezlik movements– harakat resourcefulness– idroklilik endurance – chidamlilik qobiliyati fervor–hayrat charm– joziba, tarovat aesthetic– estetik existence– mavjudlik, borlik alluring– e’tiborini tortish joyful– qiziqarli inherent– me’ros clarification– tushuntirish

SPEAKING. Activity 2. 1. What kind of folk games do you know? 2. In your childhood which folk games do you play? 3. Why people can remember only games which they play childhood? 4. In Uzbekistan which folk games mostly play? 5. What is the difference between folk games and games?

LISTENING. Activity 3.

1. From time immemorial folk games have embodied peoples' lifestyle, their everyday life and labor habits, national values and principles, their ideas about honor and courage, their desire of having physical strength and intellect. 2. Their participants had to demonstrate such qualities as dexterity, swiftness and beauty of movements, resourcefulness, endurance, creativity, drive for victory and collective actions.

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3. In children's folk games it is possible to observe existence of humor, jokes and competitive fervor. 4. The movements oftentimes are accompanied by sudden and joyful moments, alluring and interesting counting rhymes, nursery rhymes and draws. 5. All these have their artistic charm and aesthetic value, and as such, represent invaluable and inimitable folklore.

PREDICTIONS 1 (MAY, MIGHT AND WILL)

We can use will/won’t + infinitive to talk about things we are sure will happen in the future. There will be more than 1 billion people over 60 years old. We won’t be able to travel in time. We can use may/might + infinitive when we are less sure things will happen in the future. The world may become more dangerous. Scientists might find life on other planets.

WRITING. Activity 4. Read the following sentencesabout a certain sport and decide what the person was talking about. 1. What I enjoy most is the speed. 2. It is sometimes tiring to climb up so high. 3. You have to use warm clothing, because it is very cold there. 4. I need flexibility, speed and endurance in my sport. 5. I have training 5 times a week and also regularly go to weight trainings. 6. The problem is that I have to memorize the course and visualize it when I go along it.

Find the synonyms Hurt Signal Fit 141

Practice Cause pain to Healthy sign In a good shape Well Train

It is interesting to know!  The phrase about winning something “hands down” originally referred to a jockey who won a race without whipping his horse or pulling back the reins.  An NFL player’s union study determined that the average NFL career is 3.3 years, with running backs (2.57 years), wide receivers (2.81) and cornerbacks (2.94) having the shortest career, by average.

LESSON 27. UZBEK NATIONAL GAMES Look at the pictures and guess the meaning. a b c

READING. Activity 1. Uzbek national games During the years of independence, preserving national traditions and values, special attention is paid to reach future generations. Examples of this process, forgotten folklore, traditions and taxes all are the recovery of the national games. Action of National Games is an integral part of the cultural life of our ancestors from the beginning. The majority of the gamesare very ancient roots. They have centuries of spiritual enrichment of person’s thinking and feelings for religions 142

service. Games, people, lifestyle and work reflected in the achievements. That is why, they are raising a generation of young "School of Life" function. A variety of expressive means rule or based on agreed terms of physical contests, competitions, events and performance requirements which reflect national values. Avicenna's "Canon of Medicine", and the role of enforcement of struggle, about the healing experience properties of the game. Qayqovus (Keykavus), Omar Khayyam, (Beruniy) Biruni were being recovering chess, fencing, horse riding and other such kind of games. The works of AlisherNavai were organized in connection with the games, holidays, celebrations, weddings and there is a lot of information. They are described in the Rules of the executives of the holding of the Games. For the study of the history of National Games were defined in the work of MakhmudKashgar called "Office Lugotit Turkish" (The character of work). The people mentioned it more than one hundred and fifty games in this case. In particular, "Qoranguni" (a stronghold in the dark), "Band" (the prisoners), "Yutayotganto’p" (the ball winning), "The fire of employment" (stick game), fencing, “Nayzadorlik” (playing with spear) and other information is included about the games. The dictionary description of a few of the games today is fun for children and training for parents.

Vocabulary taxes - soliqlar ancestors – avlod-ajdodlar reflected – aks etmoq requirements- talablar executives- ma’muriyat, ijro etuvchi

SPEAKING. Activity 2. QUIZ. 1. What is the most popular sport in your country? 2. What is your favorite team sport? 3. What is your favorite summer sport?

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4. What is your favorite winter sport? 5. What new sports would you like to try? 6. What sport do you think is the most dangerous? 7. What sport do you think is the most expensive? 8. What sports did you do in junior high school?

LISTENING. Activity 3 1. … … …. ", and the role of enforcement of struggle, about the healing experience properties of the game. Qayqovus (Keykavus), Omar Khayyam, (Beruniy) Biruni were being recovering chess, fencing, horse riding and other such kind of games. Avicenna's "Canon of Medicine", 2. The works of Alisher Navoi … … in connection with the games, holidays, celebrations, weddings and there is a lot of information. were organized 3. They are described in the Rules of … … of the holding of the Games. the executives 4. For the study of the history of … … … … in the work of MakhmudKashgar called "Office Lugotit Turkish" (The character of work). National Games were defined 5. The people mentioned it more than …. …. … … in this case. one hundred and fifty games

PREDICTIONS 2 (MAYBE, PROBABLY, CERTAINLY)

We can use words like possibly and perhaps to make our predictions sound more or less probable. ------100%-----

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Maybe probably certainly Perhaps definitely possibly we usually put maybe and perhaps at the beginning of the sentence. Perhaps a pop star will be the next space tourist. Possibly, probably certainly and definitely come after will in positive sentences and before won’t in negative sentences. The contestants will certainly need to be very fit. The winner possibly won’t visit the space station.

WRITING. Activity 4. Putthe words in brackets into the correct place in the sentences. 1. We won’t discover life on other planets. (probably) 2. China will be the first country to land a person on Mars. (possibly) 3. Ordinary people won’t be able to travel in space for a very long time. (definitely) 4. There will be hotels in space in the next twenty years. (perhaps) 5. Engineers will build factories in space. (certainly) 6. We will stop spending money on space exploration. (maybe) Do you agree with the sentences above? Ex 2. Choose one of the questions below for a class survey. Ask the other students in the class what they think. Use the words in the box in your answers. definitely probably possibly definitely not 1. Will you ever speak very good English? 2. Will you ever be in trouble with the police? 3. Will you lose your teeth or your hair? 4. Will you have more than five children? 5. Will you live to be 100?

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It is interesting to know!

 Roger Maris was never intentionally walked the year he hit 61 home runs. (Mickey Mantle batted behind him.)  In 2004, Barry Bonds was intentionally walked 120 times, which is more than 2.5 times higher than the longtime record held by Willie McCovey (45 in 1969). Only six players in the NL that year walked that many times in total.

LESSON 28.

ALPOMISH NATIONAL GAME Look at the pictures and guess the meaning a b c

READING. Activity 1. 146

Alpomish national game "Alpomish" the national game is an important source for the study. Wrestling, horse racing, goat, spear, archery, shooting, fencing, shooting games on the basis of such courage, fighting, common sense, courage, spiritual and physical perfection reflected in such qualities. Regular season with games held every kind of games are also available. For example, woke up in the trees in the spring, the toll in the bud "willow plants", when the flowers of the field - the "flower game", during the ripeness seed, nut games, playing in love swinging flights. In late autumn, winter rains begin to mitigate pile of games into the habit. Snow switch "Siemens", "Snow collection", “A strong wind blew”, "the storm and the wind" around the cold with all the power of sandals. It was played like saying "riddle", "to say", "who said," each other. Late autumn is good preparation for spring, "Kid- Kari" competition is a good example for it. Old country wedding performances, folk games with the holidays are more beautiful and in high spirits. In particular, the most popular national games, Kid-Kari, and has become a struggle for weddings and celebrations as a favorite show. Folk dances lead to personal happiness, giving a positive effect on a person's mood. It is physical, mental and moral development of a strength, enthusiastic, resourcefulness, intelligence which courage people making apart from a large role. Surprisingly, reflecting the sincerity of the Uzbek people depends on the beauty of the traditions and rituals of the ancient culture in a mirror.

Vocabulary source – manba available – qobiliyatli toll – ko’prikdan, yo’ldandan foydalanish to’lovi bud – g’uncha, kurtak ripeness – pishganlik seed – urug’ mitigate – yengillashtirmoq, oddiylashtirmoq 147

sandals – sandal, shippak sincerity – samimiyat rituals – urf-odat

SPEAKING. Activity 2. 1. What kind of historical book which connected sport do you know? 2. Do professional athletes in your country make millions of dollars a year? 3. Sometimes sports teams ask the city to help them build a new stadium. Do you think the city should give money for this? Whyorwhynot? 4. When the city helps build a new sports stadium, who benefits the most - the team, the city, the nearby businesses, or the sports fans? 5. What do you do to keep fit? 6. What are some of the benefits of sports? 7. How are sports beneficial to you?

LISTENING. Activity 3. 1. … … … is an important source for the study. "Alpomish": the national game 2. Wrestling, horse racing, goat, spear, archery, shooting, fencing, shooting games on … … … , fighting, common sense, courage, spiritual and physical perfection reflected in such qualities. the basis of such courage 3. … … with games held every kind of games are also available. Regular season 4. For example, woke up in the trees in the spring, … … … … "willow plants", when the flowers of the field - the "flower game", during the ripeness seed, nut games, playing in love swinging flights. , the toll in the bud 5. In late autumn, winter rains begin ..… pile of games into the habit. to mitigate 6. … … … ", "Snow collection", “A strong wind blew”, "the storm and the wind" around the cold with all the power of sandals. Snow switch "Siemens", "

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7. It was played like saying "… … …", "who said," each other. "riddle", "to say",

MODALS OF OBLIGATION (PRESENT TIME)

Identify the following sports and games and write their names in the right column.

e.g. divided into track and field a t h l e t i cs

1. played with bat, net and b adminton______shuttlecock

2. a bat and ball game very popular in b ______the USA and Japan

3. wheelsandpaddlesneeded c ______

4.an indoor game aiming at a board d _ _ _ _ with a pointed object

5. jumpingintowater d _ _ _ _ _

6. fightingwithspecialswords f ______

7. played on a course with 19 holes g _ _ _

8. using the bars and horse g ______

9. graceful movement on the ice i _ _ - ______

10.a Japanesemartialart j _ _ _

11.involving fastcars m _ _ _ _ - ______

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12.100m, 200m andsoon r ______

13.indoor game on a table with long s ______cues

14.a wall, racquets and a ball needed s _ _ _ _ _

15.uses various strokes, lanes and s ______water

16.a bat, ball and table game t _ _ _ _ - ______

17.Korean martialart t ______

18.a Chinesemartialart t _ _ - _ _ _

19.played atWimbledon’scourts t _ _ _ _ _

20.hitting the ball with hands, arms or v ______fists

We use must or have to talk about rules and things that are necessary. Employees must wear suitable clothes. Sanjar has to go in and out of the building. We use don’t have to say that something is not necessary (but it is possible or allowed). We don’t have to meet the clients. When we ask about rules, we usually use have to, not must. Why do men have to wear trousers? We use can to say that something is possible or allowed. Women can wear skirts and shorts. We use can’t to say that something is not possible or not allowed. You can’t wear those here.

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WRITING. Activity 4. Complete the text with the correct verb form. Most men in Uzbekistan’s financial offices (1) can’t/have to wear dark suits to work, but on Fridays everything is different. 23% of companies have a ‘dress down’ day, when they (2) do not have to/ must put on their usual suit. Most of them are happy that they (3) can/can’t wear anything they like at the end of the week. (4) Do children in your country have/ Have children in your country to wear a uniform to school? At most private schools in Namangan, children (5) can’t/ have to wear a uniform. In most state schools, children (6) have to/ can’t wear a school sweatshirt, but they (7) can/don’t have to choose their own trousers or skirt.Students at the very traditional Bukhara state University (8) don’t have to/ must wear black gowns when they take their exams. At some colleges, they also (9) can’t/ have to wear the gowns at dinner. At Samarqand, on the other hand, students (10) can/ must wear normal clothes.

It is interesting to know!  Katie Ledecky’s world record in the 1,500 would have placed her 24th in the 2012 Olympic men’s swimming race.  Only three men have won the NCAA title as a coach and a player: Joe B. Hall, Bobby Knight and Dean Smith.

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LESSON 29. THE MOST COMMON GAME

Look at the picture and guess the meaning a b c

READING. Activity 1

“KUPKARI” “Kupkari” is the one of the famous traditional game in Uzbek culture. It is usually played in Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Fergana regions of Uzbekistan. Moreover, not only Uzbek population do love it, but also other nationalities lay as a perfect enjoyable game, for example in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. It is a kind of game that only a group of men can play in the position of riding horse. The place “Kupkari” played is normally in green, wide range of fields outside of the country. Many young and old men play this game to get the expensive gift which is sometimes a sheep or a horse or a car. Thus, they try to win among many participants to go to home with wonderful prize for their family. As a result, his family members will be very happy from their husband or dad or relatives. Of course, it is not so easy thing to win while riding horse, there are some strict rules to make people more reliable. The main point in this game is that all participants should try to get the little sheep from one place to another place. If someone is failed from their horses he will be out from the game. And that person cannot continue his role anymore.

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Vocabulary lay – o’rnatmoq, o’rniga qo’ymoq riding horse – chopayotgan ot strict – qat’iy, qattiqqo’llik reliable - ishonchli

SPEAKING. Activity 2. 1. Why “kupkari” is the one of the famous traditional games in Uzbek culture.? 2. In what regions of Uzbekistan this game is played? 3. Why only men compete this game? 4. Is it dangerous or not? Why, Why not? 5. Do you interested in prize or game? 6. What is important in this game/

LISTENING. Activity 3.

7. “Kupkari” is the one of the famous traditional games in Uzbek culture. 8. It is usually played in Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Fergana regions of Uzbekistan. 9. Moreover, not only Uzbek populations do love it, but also other nationalities lay as a perfect enjoyable game, for example in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. 10. It is a kind of game that only a group of men can play in the position of riding horse. 11. The place “Kupkari” played is normally in green, wide range of fields outside of the country. 12. Many young and old men play this game to get the expensive gift which is sometimes a sheep or a horse or a car. 13. Thus, they try to win among many participants to go to home with wonderful prize for their family.

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PASSIVE

In a normal (active) sentence, we put the agent (the person or thing that does the action) before the verb. Agent verb The viewers vote for their favourite programme. But sometimes: 1.We do not know the agent of the action. 2.The agent is not important. 3.The agent is obvious. In these cases we can use the passive. We form the passive with to be+past participle. The viewers are asked to call the programme. (present simple) The studios of Loft Story were attacked. (past simple)

WRITING. Activity 4. Complete the text with the passive form of the verbs in the box. allow choose film give invite send show teach

STAR ACADEMY Thousands of young people apply to take part in this programme. They send video tapes to the producers and a group of them (1) are chosen to take part. During the series, they live in a castle, where they (2) ---- to sing and dance. They (3) ----- not ------to speak to their friends or family and every moment of their life in the castle (4) -----. Their lives (5) ---- on TV every evening and, on Saturday, there is a special show. A famous TV star (6) ---- on the show and one of the contestants sings a song with him or her. At the end of the programme there is a vote and one person (7) ---- home. At the end of the series, the winner is (8) ----- a contract to make an album.

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It is interesting to know!  China did not win an Olympic medal until 1984. At the 2008 Beijing games, the Chinese won 100 medals.Chris Evert won 125-straight matches on clay, from Aug. 2, 1973 to May 12, 1979. Amazingly though, that run included just two French Open titles.

LESSON 30. WHITE OR BLUE POPLAR? Look at pictures and guess the meaning. a b c

READING. Activity 1 White or blue poplar?

One of the interesting Uzbek, national games is “White or blue poplar” for the long time. To play this game there should be two groups which have more than 6 team members. Each group has to participate one by one actively. Firstly, one group begins to ask for another group with one important question: “Who do you need you from our group?” Then second group will discuss who will be chosen for the position that one person needs to take responsibility to cross the opposite side’s chain. Because another team has very strong chain with team members’ hands are connected. If he or she can cut this chain, that person should take one person from their group to his own group. If he cannot cut the complex connected links by

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hands, that person should stand and add to opposite side. As a result, the numbers of team-members will be increased by the time. And the game continues to ask from the second group. Then it goes like that situation till the team has at most two people. At the ending of this interesting game, there will be declared the winner team. Thus, this game is strongly considered as a most-played and enjoyable game among the teenagers nowadays. Vocabulary chain – zanjir complex– murakkab increased – yuksalgan declared – e’lon qilmoq teenagers- o’smirlar links – bog’lovchilar

SPEAKING. Activity 2. 1. Have you ever participate “White or blue poplar” in your childhood? 2. Do you know the rules of this game? 3. What kind of ancient games do you know? 4. Why games are important for children and adults?

LISTENING. Activity 3. 1. One of the interesting Uzbek, national games is “White or blue poplar” for the long time. 2. To play this game there should be two groups which have more than 6 team members. Each group has to participate one by one actively. 3. Firstly, one group begins to ask for another group with one important question: “Who do you need you from our group?”

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4. Then second group will discuss who will be chosen for the position that one person needs to take responsibility to cross the opposite side’s chain. 5. Because another team has very strong chain with team members’ hands are connected.

PASSIVE WITH AGENT

In passive sentences, we often don’t include the agent of an action. On the other side of town, the winners of the Golden Raspberries are announced. Sometimes we want or need to include the agent. We use by to include the agent. The ceremony is watched by millions of TV viewers around the world. The stars are photographed by hundreds of hungry paparazzi. The first ceremony was attended by 250 people.

WRITING. Activity 4. Complete the sentences. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple passive. 1. An early form of cinema ----(invent) by the Limeira brothers in the 1890s. 2. Their first film --- (see) by 35 people in a Parisian café. 3. The first talking movie, The Jazz Singer, --- (make) by Warner Brothers in 1927. 4. In the same year, the world’s biggest cinema ---(open) by Samuel Rothaphel with seats for 6,000 people. 5. The first James Bond in the cinema --- (play) by Sean Connery. 6. The James Bond books --- (write) by Ian Fleming, a British spy. 7. The 1981 American presidential election --- (win) by Ronald Reagan, a movie actor. 8. For a short time, Fidel Castro --- (employ) by Hollywood studios as an extra. 157

It is interesting to know!  The men’s long jump world record has been broken once since 1969.  Bob Beamon’s 1968 Olympic record in the long jump would have won the 2012 Olympics by almost two feet.

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TESTING

Olympics Vocabulary Quiz 1. The Olympic Games are _____ every four years. a) put b) made c) held 2. The IOC is the International Olympics _____ . a) Competition b) Committee c) Community 3. Where will the next Winter Olympics take _____ ? a) place b) over c) up 4. Athletes go to the Olympic Games to _____ their country. a) symbolize b) support c) represent 5. The swimming _____ are being held in a newly-built pool. a) games b) competitors c) events 6. Medals are presented during the awards _____ . a) parades b) ceremonies c) celebrations 7. Thousands of _____ were cheering on their favorite athletes. a) sponsors

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b) referees c) spectators 8. In events like diving and gymnastics, judges give each performance a _____ . a) point b) score c) cheer 9. The Olympics are often called a celebration of the human _____ . a) spirit b) being c) body 10. Athletes try to perform to the best of their _____ . a) image b) spirit c) ability Athletics Vocabulary Quiz 1. In relay estafetali musobaqa races, each runner carries a a) bell b) baton estafeta tayoqchasi c) teammate 2. The heptathlon is an event for a) men b) women c) men and women 3. The last lap of a middle-distance race is called the a) bell lap b) clap lap c) sprint lap 4. If a runner starts before the starting gun is fired, the official calls a a) failed start

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b) fast start c) false start 5. In sprint races, each runner runs in his or her own a) track b) line c) lane 6. The best-ever performance in an event is called a a) record b) title c) champion 7. Runners have to go over a water jump in the a) marathon b) steeplechase c) pole-vault 8. The event in which something that looks like a spear is thrown is the a) shot put b) discus c) javelin 9. On most outdoor athletics tracks, one lap is a) 200 metres b) 300 metres c) 400 metres 10. Runners run fastest in a a) middle-distance race b) long-distance race c) sprint Baseball Vocabulary Quiz 1. A pitch must be thrown from the pitcher's a) line

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b) base c) mound 2. The player crouching behind home plate when a pitch is thrown is the a) catcher b) shortstop c) umpire 3. A gentle shot played without swinging the bat is called a a) fly ball b) drop ball c) bunt 4. A hit that goes high into the air is a a) high ball b) foul ball c) fly ball 5. The area between the foul lines is called a) fair territory b) foul territory c) free zone 6. A ball hit outside the foul lines is a a) foul ball b) fair ball c) line ball 7. Before a grand slam can be played, the bases must be a) full b) loaded c) empty 8. The fielder between second and third base is called the a) slider b) backstop

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c) shortstop 9. A base runner who runs to the next base while a pitcher is pitching has a) stolen a base b) taken a base c) robbed a base 10. A pitch that is outside the strike zone is called a A) foul b) strike c) ball Basketball Vocabulary Quiz 1. The coach argued with a referee and was given a a) personal foul b) technical foul c) blatant foul 2. Jenny jumped in the air and scored with a slam a) duck b) bam c) dunk 3. Travelling, double-dribbling and carrying the ball are a) penalties b) violations c) fouls 4. A rebound can come off the a) backboard b) blackboard c) whiteboard 5. While running, what must a player do with the ball? a) carry it b) roll it

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c) bounce it 6. If a coach wants to talk to the players, he calls for a)a foul-time b) an overtime c) a time-out 7. If a player commits a foul, the referee awards a free a) goal b) throw c) point 8. The letters MVP stand for a) most valuable player b) most valid player c) most valued player 9. A pass that helps the receiver to score is called a) an assist b) a drive c) a slam 10. Every year NBA teams get their new players through the a) draft b) hoop c) assist Boxing Vocabulary Quiz 1. After knocking down an opponent, a boxer must go to the a) red corner b) blue corner c) neutral corner 2. If boxers lean on and hold each other, they are a) clinching b) breaking

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c) hugging 3. A left-handed fighter is known as a) an orthodox b) a leftover c) a southpaw 4. A quick, straight punch with the leading hand is a a) hook b) jab c) cross 5. A series of punches thrown in sequence is called a a) parry b) carry c) combination 6. An illegal blow to the lower back is called a a) sucker punch b) kidney punch c) rabbit punch 7. If a fighter looks hurt, the referee will call for a standing a) ovation b) ligature c) eight count 8. A closed hand with fingers bent in toward the palm is called a a) fist b) knuckle c) blow 9. Amateur boxers must wear protective a)knee pads b) headgear c) shorts

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10. A fighter with a serious cut could lose on a technical a) detail b) strike c) knockout Cricket Vocabulary Quiz 1. Small pieces of wood placed on top of the stumps are called a) pads b) wickets c) bails 2. To protect their legs, batsmen and wicket-keepers wear a) stumps b) pads c) leggings 3. A ball that reaches the batsman without bouncing is called a a)full bowl b) full throw c) full toss 4. A batsman who goes out before scoring gets a a) hook b) duck c) zero 5. If it's been raining and a pitch is damp, it can be called a sticky a) mickey b) wickey c) wicket 6. A delivery that spins away from the batsman, from the leg to off side, is a leg a) break b) spin

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c) over 7. If you score 100 runs, you've scored a) a triple b) a century c) a double fifty 8. A shot that reaches the boundary after touching the ground is a a) four b) five c) six 9. A batsman is "bowled" if he misses the ball and it hits the a) crease b) wicketkeeper c) stumps 10. An over in which no runs are scored is called a a) maiden over b) single over c) clear over Figure Skating Vocabulary Quiz 1. In figure skating, a "combination" is a series of a) components b) elements c) programs 2. A figure skating performance is called a) a sequence b) a program c) a discipline 3. Jumps, spins and lifts are called a) programs b) combinations

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c) elements 4. A small jump is called a) a hop b) a skip c) a lift 5. A series of steps and turns is called a a) step sequence b) step combo c) step series 6. A move in which one skater is lifted by another is a a) hold b) raise c) lift 7. The discipline in which several skaters perform together is called a) ice dancing b) synchronized skating c) pair skating 8. The first program a skater performs is called a a) start program b) short program c) long program 9. An element in which skaters rotate repeatedly is called a) a rotation b) a spiral c) a spin 10. Movements that must be included in a program are called a) required elements b) step sequences c) dance steps

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FIFA World Cup Quiz 1. The last or deciding match in a tournament is called a. the final b. the finals c. a finalist 2. The first FIFA World Cup tournament was held in a. 1928 b. 1929 c. 1930 3. If a team's been eliminated, it's ______the tournament. a. winning b. still in c. no longer in 4. How many teams in the first World Cup were from North or South America? a. four b. nine c. thirteen 5. If teams aren't knocked out after losing a game, they must be in a. the group stage b. the knockout stage c. the winning stage 6. If excitement reaches "fever pitch", the crowd is a. on the pitch b. very excited c. sick with excitement 7. The only team that doesn't have to qualify for the World Cup is the a. host country's team b. highest-ranked team

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c. current World Champion 8. The proper term for a team that loses a final is a. the loser team b. the runner-up c. the semi-finalist 9. How many teams can proceed to the knockout stage? a. eight b. sixteen c. twenty-four 10. The round in which four teams compete for places in the final is a. the final round b. the quarter-finals c. the semi-finals 2018 FIFA World Cup Quiz 1. In which year did Spain win its first FIFA World Cup? a. 2006 b. 2010 c. 2014 2. The Russians were cleared of accusations of ______made by the English Football Association. a. bidding b. voting c.bribery 3. How many cities will be hosting matches during the 2018 World Cup? a. ten b. eleven c. twelve 4. Which country didn't have to qualify to compete in the tournament? a. Italy

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b. the Netherlands c. Russia 5. The 2018 FIFA World Cup mascot Zabivaka was chosen by ______. a. the general public b. Ekaterina Bocharova c. a FIFA-appointed committee 6. If a stadium has been renovated, it has been ______. a. repaired b. replaced c. completely rebuilt 7. The phrase members of the general public means ______people. a. rich or upper-class b. ordinary c. poor or lower-class 8. In which place does a runner-up finish in a race or competition? a. first place b. second place c. third place 9. Teams that win a World Cup semi-final match progress to a. the World Cup Final b. a World Cup tournament c. a qualifying tournament 10. Sporting events like the FIFA World Cup are unifying if they remind us that we're all part of a. separate countries b. different races c. one world Football Vocabulary Quiz 1. A player whose job is to stop attackers from scoring is a

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a) defender b) striker c) forward 2. Neither team scored, so the game ended in a a) replay b) draw c) loss 3. Tripping, pushing and diving are a) penalties b) crimes c) fouls 4. Chelsea and Liverpool are teams in the English Premiership a) League b) Champions c) Cup 5. A player throws the ball if an opponent kicks the ball over the a) goal line b) touchline c) outline 6. If a game ends in a draw, it can go into extra a) play b) half c) time 7. If a player commits a foul in the penalty area, the referee awards a penalty a) goal b) kick c) spot 8. What can each team do with up to three players during a game? a) injure them

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b) tackle the c) substitute them 9. Assistant referees signal if they see an attacker in an a) outside position b) offside position c) extra position 10. A player whose main role is to score goals is called a a) striker b) goalie c) shooter General Sports Vocabulary Quiz 1. A tennis player serves the ball to his or her a) teammate b) opponent c) referee 2. Golf is played on a golf a) field b) court c) course 3. What do Rugby players often do to their opponents? a) hug them b) tackle them c) whistle them 4. The scores were tied at the end, so the game was a a) draw b) victory c) defeat 5. After winning the tournament, Anna held up her a) victory

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b) trophy c) pride 6. Which of these words is the opposite of "professional"? a) terrible b) leisure c) amateur 7. The referee should award a penalty if a player breaks one of the a) rules b) records c) opponents 8. In athletics, the 400 metre race is one of the most exciting a) tournaments b) games c) events 9. Which of these words has a similar meaning to "tactics"? a) talent b) strategy c) fitness 10. A swimming coach's job is to a) train swimmers b) rescue swimmers c) cheer on swimmers

LISTENINGS KEY. LESSON 1. LISTENING. Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening.

First of all let me introduce myself. My name is Asal. I am seventeen years old. I am a first year student at the Andijan state University. My future profession is spot teacher. There are two more kids in the family besides – my elder brother

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Odil and my younger sister Madina. Odil is twenty-one, he attends a University, he will be a dentist. Madina is only twelve, she is a school-girl. I forgot to mention one more member of our family. It’s our favorite poodle Baroqvoy. My parents are not old at all. My mum is forty, she works for newspaper. My Dad is forty-four, he is an engineer in computers. My parents love their jobs very much. I do quite well at the university. My parents are proud of my marks. I go in for sports. I play basket-ball. In summer time I like yachting and windsurfing. I take part in different basket-ball competitions. I am always very busy, but when I have free time I like to read books. My favorite writer is Abdulla Qahhor. I like to go to the museums and art galleries. My favorite painter is Rembrandt. I have a lot of friends. But my best friend is Mavjuda. I like to travel. My parents and I have visited many ancient towns. I am on friendly terms with my parents. I am very happy.

LESSON 2. LISTENING. Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening British family The English are a nation of stay-at-home. «There is no place like home» they say. And when the man is not working he is at home in the company of his wife and children and busies himself with the affairs of the home. «The English man home is his castle» is a saying known all over the world. And it is true. A typical British family used to consist of mother, father and two children, but in recent years there have been many changes in family life. Some of these have been caused by new laws and others are the result of changes in society. For example, since the law made it easier to get a divorce, the number of divorces has increased. In fact one marriage in every three now ends in divorce. This means that there are a lot of one-parent families. Society is now more tolerant than it used to be of unmarried people, unmarried couples and single parents. Another change has been

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caused by the fact that people are living longer nowadays, and many old people live alone following the death of their partners. As a result of these changes in the pattern of people’s lives, there are many households which consist of only one person or one person and children. You might think that marriage and the family are not so popular as they once were. However, the majority of divorced people marry again, and they sometimes take responsibility for the second family. Members of a family – grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins – keep in touch, but they see less of each other than they used to. This is because people often move away from their home town to work, and so the family becomes scattered. Christmas is the traditional season for reunions. Although the family group is smaller nowadays than it used to be, relatives often travel many miles on order to spend the holidays together. In general, each generation is keen to become independent of parents in establishing its own family unit, and this fact can lead to social as well as geographical differences within the larger family group.

LESSON 3. LISTENING Activity 3. Try to put missing words while listening Two friends discuss their hobbies Haydar: What do you do in your leisure time? Sanjar: It depends. H: For example? S: I enjoy music, do chatting, read books. H: Anything else? S: As I have told you this is my routine. S: Say something about yourself. H: I have only one hobby. S: That's? H: That's reading good books on poetry and prose.

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S: What a bore you are! H: In my opinion, book - this is the best enjoyment. S: Don't you become fed up with books? H: Never ever. S: What about travelling? H: I am not crazy, but, sometimes, I do. S: Isn't it a bit expensive enjoyment? H: Yes, it is but you can manage somehow. H: What are you crazy about? S: It depends on mood. H: If your mood is good then you do what? S: I enjoy pop music. H: Can pop music be called music in the true sense? S: Yes, why not. H: Doesn't it seem a bit childish? S: No way, enjoyment means enjoyment. S: It is at least better than reading books. H: There is no comparison between pop music and books. S: It's your point of view. H: I am sorry, perhaps, I have hurt you. S: No. No it is not so. H: This way or that way leisure is a must. S: No doubt it is.

LESSON 4. LISTENING Activity 3. While listening try to put missing words

Student’s working day I usually start my day with getting up and doing all the things that everybody does in the morning: washing, having breakfast, etc. also I got used to gather my learning tools: pencils, exercise-books, text-books in the morning. Then I usually

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go to the university. Fortunately, father takes a car every morning and he often picks me up and drives me to the doors of our university building. And soon the lectures and lessons begin. We have from 2 to 4 lectures every time, depending on day. I like studying in the university more that at school because in university is mostly allowed to miss some lectures (of course, later you should take a summary from your mate and copy it). So, a student is more free, than pupil is. After the lessons I usually return home where I have dinner and start thinking about my ways of spending the rest of the day. Very often I go to my friend’s places. During the early autumn and summer I often go to the play-ground or on the beach. I also like visiting different sport events, for example, soccer, volley-ball, tennis. So, the world is full of enjoyable things to do. On returning home I usually start doing my homework (perhaps it is the most dull part of the day). Having finished it, I open a book and read it or watch TV. At last, I go to the bed. Of course I would like to tell you more about myself and my working day, but, unfortunately my time is rather limited and I have got a lot of homework to do. Generally you know about my working day enough.

LESSON 5. LISTENING. Activity 3. While listening try to put missing words I think everybody knows that education is necessary to be successful in our life. I would like to work in the field of physical culture and sports in future and to become a professional sportsman and a basketball coach. To get my profession I need a university graduation. So after finishing school I passed the entrance exams and entered Andijan State University, the faculty of physical education. It will be a long course – four years of hard and constant studies: lectures, seminars, practical classes and test periods. The academic year lasts for 10 months and there are vacations twice a year: in winter and summer. I feel proud of my faculty as among its graduates are the winners of many Olympic games and the world champions.

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LESSON 6. LISTENING Activity 3. Read and dramatize the dialogue. Nasiba: Hi, Odina! Odina: Hi, Nasiba! Nasiba: I say, Odina, let me ask you some questions on the topic “Holidaysof Great Britain”. Odina: Do, please! I’ll be glad if I can help you. Nasiba: They say that on Halloween parties the children play different merry games. Do you know any of these plays? Odina: Oh, yes, I’ve read it recently in one book. Nasiba: Oh, really, how nice of you. Please, do your best! Odina: One of the merry games is called “DUCK APPLE”. Nasiba: Oh, what game is it? Why is it called so? Odina: OK, listen, my darling. A large bowl is filled with cold, sometimes soapy water and a number of apples floated in it. One or two players at a time get down on their knees and, with their hands tied behind their backs, try to get hold of one of the apples with their teeth. When they have done this they must lift the apple out of the basin. If they do this they may eat it. Nasiba: Oh, what an interesting game it is! Odina: Let me tell you another one. Nasiba: Oh, please, it must be more interesting. Odina: Yes, it’s very interesting. The game is called “FORKING FOR APPLES”. This is similar to Duck Apple, but when the player’s hands have been tied behind his back a fork is placed between his teeth. He has to kneel on or lean over the chair beside the basin and must try to stab one of the floating apples and lift it out.

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Nasiba: Oh, how is interesting! Odina: Yes, now, I’ll tell you the most interesting one. Nasiba: Oh, thank you, do, please! Odina: This one is called “BOB APPLE”. First of all some of sort of hook must be available over a doorway. An apple is corded and the end of the length of string about a yard long is tied to the hook. The string is twisted and the apple is sent spinning round on the end of the string, and people in turn try to catch the apple with their mouth and eat as big a mouthful as they can. Nasiba: Oh, thank you, Odina. It was so interesting to listen to you. I think we must enter the classroom. Odina: OK! Come along, then. LESSON 7. LISTENING. Activity 3 Read and dramatize the dialogue. Salima: Hi, Barno! Barno: Hi, Salima! How are you? Salima: Thank you! I’m well. Did you sleep well? Barno: Yes, I did. What about you? Salima: Oh, I had a nightmare this night. It wasn’t so frightening, but a bit unpleasant. You know I dreamt about our English lesson. In my dream our teacher in English asked me to speak about “Holidays in Uzbekistan”. Barno: Did you answer well or not? Salima: Oh, to my mind, I did, but though I answered well our teacher gave me a four. But I insisted on getting a five. Then I was in a rage. Barno: Oh, what happened then? Wasn’t I present there? Did I say anything to the teacher?. Salima: You did. You became more furious than I did. You were even crying with rage. Barno: Oh, today we have an English lesson. Our hometask is in fact the very theme that you dreamt about in your sleep. I’m afraid of getting a bad

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mark. I wish I answered well. Salima: Oh, don’t be afraid. They say the devil is not so black as it is painted. You know that our teacher in English is a very kind man. Barno: But, nevertheless, we must get ready for the lesson well. Salima: Yes, you are right. Let’s revise the hometask once again. (The two group-mates are getting ready for the lesson.)

LESSON 8. LISTENING. Activity 3. While listening try to put missing words. Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November: In the USA it is a national holiday. It was first celebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers after their first good harvest. Thanksgiving is a family day, for it is customary for all members of the family to gather at the home of their parents. The family eats a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin

LESSON 9. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words during listening. 1.The Olympian Games were held in … and took place every four years at Olympia, the location of the deity's principal shrine. honor of Zeus 2.The Olympian Games were held in summer, and early in each year of the games, messengers were sent throughout … to invite the city-states to compete.the Greek world 3.… were open only to honorable men of Greek descent. The competitions 4.In fact, with the exception of the priestess of the god Demeter, …were even allowed to watch the games. no women 5… shows men taking part in the games naked or wearing only a thong.Pottery from around 550 BC

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LESSON 10. LISTENING. Activity 3. Find right variant. 1.the Olympic games consists of the a.summer games b. winter games c.summer and winter games 2.at the opening ceremony the athletes a. first of Greece march into the stadium b. second c. in alphabetical order 3.the athletes of the host country enter a. first b. last c. second 4. the most dramatic moment of the a. raising of the Olympic flag games is the b. lighting of the Olympic flame c. bringing of the lighted torch. 5. the flame is kept burning a. one day b. one week c. until the end of the games 6. the Olympic symbol consists of a. five rings b. four interlock rings c.five interlocking rings 9. The Olympic motto is a. Faster, higher, stronger b. Better, faster, stronger c. Stronger, better, faster

LESSON 11.

LISTENING. Activity 3. Put necessary words while listening.

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1.In many countries, athletes …..by winning, or finishing high, in competitions called selection trials. qualify 2. Participation in most of these trials is by invitation only.In some Olympic sports, a nation may enter as many as …. in each individual event and one team in each team event. three athletes 3. Five sports – archery, athletics shooting, swimming, and weightlifting – require athletes to meet a minimum standard of performance if their country enters more than one …. in an event within the sport. competitor 4. Up to 12 teams can …in each man’s team sport, except football, which involves 16 teams. compete 5. No more than 20 teams take part in each team sport that has competition for … men and women. both 6. If more than the maximum number of nations wants to compete in sport, a qualifying ….is held before the Olympics. tournament 7. Such tournaments are the …of the international governing body of the sport involved. responsibility

LESSON 12. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words during listening. 1. The committee … the sports to be included in the Olympics. approves 2. … decides the number of sports to be included in the games. The host city 3. The international sport organizations also conduct … and appoint the judges and referees. each event 4. The IOC meets … and during the summer and winter games. annually 5. In 1991, the committee had … .94 members 6. Originally, members … to the IOC for life. were elected 7. The members of the committee accept no instructions on … from any government or other group or individual. voting

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LESSON 13. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. Among … , a very important approach is practiced within the sports associations, which represent the basis of an organized sport system. organized sports activities 2. The number of associations, number of members, range activities, material basis, achieved …, and many others are elements of the common culture of a nation, and a wealthy heritage. top sports performance 3. There being a great number of sporting organizations, many people are participating in the … . regular sports activities. 4. Having divided them into groups, … those who practice sports for pleasure, those who do it for a possible top sports results. we can segregate 5. In reality, most of them are involved in qualitative sport with no particular results, and about 8-10% are involved in serious … , from early selections to confirmation to the national, European and/or international level (the latter are less than 1%). professional training,

LESSON 14. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. A great number of people play and … . watch tennis. 2. … at Wimbledon are known all over the world. Tennis tournaments 3. The … courts of Britain are occupied by people between the ages of 16 and 60 who show every degree of skill — from practically helpless to the extremely able. innumerable tennis 4. … also like to play golf, baseball, hockey, grass-hockey. The British 5. … of athletics, such as running, jumping, swimming, boxing are also popular. Various forms 6. You can sometimes hear that there are no … in England. winter sports

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7. Of course the English weather is not always cold enough to ski, skate, or … , but winter is a good season for hunting and fishing. toboggan 8. Indeed, sport in one form or another is an … of daily life in Britain. essential part.

LESSON 15. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening.

1. Traditionally Uzbekistan fosters … and wrestlers. equestrians 2. They have this … sport called “Kurash” which is an upright wrestling. Wrestling. 3. Kurash refers to a number of folk wrestling styles that were … in Central Asia. practiced 4. The players are inside a big circle and uses towels to hold their … and their goal is to throw them off the feet.opponents 5. It is like Sumo wrestling but in this sport any …of man can join. size

LESSON 16. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. Sports play such an important role in American life that the … of sports, sports medicine, and sports psychology have become respectable specializations. sociology 2. Many Americans jog every day, or play tennis … … two or three times a week. or bridge 3. They go on ski trips and …expeditions that require weeks of planning and organizing. hunting 4. In the Americans’ view, all these activities are worth the … they may cause because they contribute to health and physical fitness. discomfort 5. That is …why Americans are known as a healthy nation. probably

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LESSON 17. LISTENING. Activity 3. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body. There are 3 chief parts of the human body: the head, the trunk, the limbs or extremities. The skeleton of the body is composed of 223 bones of various size and shapes, which give firm but flexible support to the soft tissues, muscles, and organs. The body framework of the head, enclosing the brain and supporting the face, is the skull.The skeleton of the trunk mainly consists of the spinal column made of a series of bony rings. The trunk is divided into two large cavities by the diaphragm. The chest is the upper of these cavities, the belly or the abdomen- the lower. The upper cavity contains heart and lungs. In the lower cavity there is stomach, liver, gallbladder and the intestines. The lungs belong to the respiratory systems. Kidneys and bladder are part of the urinary systems. The heart, the arteries, veins constitute the cardiovascular system. The upper extremity is divided into the shoulder, the upper arm, the forearm and the hand. Each hand has 4 fingers and one thumb. The parts of the lower extremity are the thigh(hip), the lower leg and the foot.

LESSON 18. LISTENING. Activity 3 . Fill the gaps while Listening. The Fight against Drugs in Sports

The use of performance-enhancing drugs, such as anabolic steroids, is banned by world sports organizations like the Olympic Committee. These drugs are bad for the health of the people who take them, and are a form of cheating. If one athlete is using them and another not, it is unfair.

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Athletes really want to win. Successful sports players get a lot of attention and money. There are many coaches and players willing to break the rules in order to improve their performance. The sports associations often test athletes to try to stop this cheating, but it seems to be very difficult to achieve this, and some athletes say the tests are not good and serious mistakes are made.

Taking banned drugs seems quite common as there are so many big scandals. Everyone can think of examples of famous athletes, basketball players and cyclists who have been caught out by tests. I think it is difficult to decide what is fair. Is it fair if you have a better racquet than I do? Isn’t Formula 1 racing all about having the better technology? Is taking drugs really different from using the latest special equipment? There is also the question of what we should think about surgery. Many golfers have laser surgery to improve their eyesight, and more and more basketball players are having elbow tendon implants. Soon there will be many more microscopic implants which can aid athletes. I think it will get harder and harder to say what is natural and what not so we will not know what rules to make for athletes.

LESSON 19. LISTENING. Activity 3. Read the text below and guess the answers. 1. Read the text below and see if you can guess the answers. Then listen to the recording of an introductory talk about the rules at a sports centre and fill in the blanks. Compare your answers with a classmate’s before listening again to check your answers. 2. Read the one-sided argumentative essay below and do the activities that follow. Should hunting be allowed?

The shooting of animals or birds for the pleasure it gives is common in many countries around the world. In the United States, for example, many people 187

have guns and may go hunting for deer, squirrels, and other small animals as a social or family activity. In France and Italy, bird hunting is also an activity welcomed by many people. Despite the concern that some people have about the pain that hunting may cause to animals and hence their argument that it should be banned, my opinion is that hunting is a fun-filled and healthy activity that should be allowed. Firstly, hunting is good exercise not only for the body, but also for the mind. It requires a lot of strategies and planning. For instance, before you go hunting for animals, you will need to find out a lot of information, such as where their habitat is, when and how they usually appear, how you can attract them, or where to hide yourself in order not to be discovered. It also requires a lot of patience and perseverance as very often you will have to wait for a long while before you need to hold up your rifle or shotgun, after which, of course, will be a test of your shooting skills, which call for a quick and clear mind as well as fitness and agility. Secondly, the wildlife population needs to be put under control, and hunting is one of the ways that help. Take Canada as an example, the population of seals has now grown to millions. If we do not try to hold down the number, we know from history that the animals will soon experience a tragic die-off when they are unable to find food and shelter. Such deaths will often lead to far more suffering on the animals as compared with those caused by bullets from the hunters’ rifles. Another reason why hunting should be allowed is that for many years, it has been a source of pleasure, excitement and satisfaction for those who enjoy the activity. It provides an opportunity for people to relax in the peace and quietness of the wilderness while at the same time learn more about nature and enjoy the fun of hunting. Contrary to the view that hunters shoot for the joy of killing, many of them in fact love nature and animals more than the others do. In countries like Australia where people fall for the fascination of animals, vast areas of hunting grounds are available to provide animal-lovers with the adventurous experience of hunting animals like pigs, boars, rabbits and deer. It 188

is through the activity that these animal-lovers get to observe and understand more about wildlife. All in all, hunting is an activity that helps to tune up our body and our mind and contributes to solving the problem of animal overpopulation and maintaining our ecosystem. Only if we make sensible decisions on where, what and how to shoot, hunting is just like any other sports activity and I see no reason why it should not be allowed.

LESSON 20. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the words while listening. 1. … When we are playing, we actually utilize our free time in doing something good. Productive Time Utilization 2. In fact, parents who scold their kids for playing, instead of mugging up books in afternoons, must realize that the kid gains nothing from disinterested studying, while they gain … from games. good health and better psyche 3. Super Brain Playing increases sharpness of mind and … .mental strength. 4. Sport teaches you how to handle failures with dignity, … to the maximum. while enjoying victories 5. Also, it trains people to handle …. , where stress can try and pull them down. crunch situations, 6.All positive traits for a healthy mind and …. can be gained from sports. a healthy person

LESSON 21. LISTENING. Activity 4. Fill the gaps missing words. 1.Supplying funds for this building may be the publicity of countries since constructing ….stadiums help country prepare or organize big competitions such as World Cup, Olympics, and Tennis Tournaments. well designed 2..… , sports allow advertisement companies to make publicity of strong brands. Finally, 189

For example, …is one of the best publicity of one company. sponsorship Everyone watches their favorite team or athlete, and … will probably see the sponsor of team or athlete. audience For example, in England, Manchester United which is one of the most powerful clubs in … has a sponsor called Vodafone. international area

LESSON 22. LISTENING. Activity 3. Fill the sentences. 1. … to play are those with the lowest injury rates. The safest sports 2. While almost any activity can pose some … -- even if it’s just a pulled muscle or wear-and-tear to a joint -- non-contact sports generally are the safest ones. injury risk 3. While basketball, for example, isn’t specifically …. the way football is, there is plenty of pushing and other contact when players approach the basket. a contact sport 4. Similarly, sports that use a hard ball traveling at high speeds, like baseball, pose a higher risk than a sport … like tennis. with a softer ball 5. However, …. …..in proper techniques -- to avoid shoulder and back problems, for example -- and who stay in shape should find it a safe and rewarding sport. swimmers who are coached

LESSON 23. LISTENING. Activity 3. Put the necessary words.

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4.According to the … … , girls who play sports do better at school and learn the importance of goal setting, strategizing and planning, all of which can be components of success in the workplace. Women’s Sport Foundation 5.They are also less likely to have sex or get pregnant at an early age, ….the Women's Sports Foundation. according to

LESSON 24. LISTENING. Activity 3. Fill the gaps.

1.… …. by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) outlines some common risks of injuries for children in sports. A 2009 report published 2.These include … … (muscle, ligament and tendon injuries), growth plate injuries (damage to areas of tissue growth near the ends of bones in growing children), repetitive motion injuries and heat-related illnesses. sprains and strains 3.To avoid … … , the NIH recommends researching the sports organization you enroll your child in to make sure it has officials and coaches trained in CPR and first aid. these injuries, 4.Also, the NIH recommends that your child have all necessary … … .protective gear 5.Finally, make sure your child stays hydrated and follows … … of the sport. the safety rules

LESSON 25. LISTENING. Activity 3. Fill the gaps.

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3.According to R.J. Anderson, assistant editor at “… … ,” becoming physically tougher involves a program of exercises for both mind and body. “Coaching Management,” 4.Increase your strength level through … - … workouts. strength-training 5.Stronger athletes are typically the ones who are physically tougher and able to withstand … … …. in the game. higher levels of intensity

LESSON 26. LISTENING. Activity 3. 1. From time immemorial folk games have embodied peoples' lifestyle, their everyday life and labor habits, national values and principles, their ideas about honor and courage, their desire of having physical strength and intellect. 2. Their participants had to demonstrate such qualities as dexterity, swiftness and beauty of movements, resourcefulness, endurance, creativity, drive for victory and collective actions. 3. In children's folk games it is possible to observe existence of humor, jokes and competitive fervor. 4. The movements oftentimes are accompanied by sudden and joyful moments, alluring and interesting counting rhymes, nursery rhymes and draws. 5. All these have their artistic charm and aesthetic value, and as such, represent invaluable and inimitable folklore.

LESSON 27. LISTENING. Activity 3

1.… … …. ", and the role of enforcement of struggle, about the healing experience properties of the game. Qayqovus (Keykavus), Omar Khayyam, (Beruniy) Biruni were being recovering chess, fencing, horse riding and other such kind of games. Avicenna's "Canon of Medicine", 2.The works of AlisherNavai … … in connection with the games, holidays, celebrations, weddings and there is a lot of information. were organized 192

3.They are described in the Rules of … … of the holding of the Games. the executives 4.For the study of the history of … … … … in the work of MakhmudKashgar called "Office Lugotit Turkish" (The character of work). National Games were defined 5.The people mentioned it more than …. …. … … in this case. one hundred and fifty games

LESSON 28. LISTENING. Activity 3.

1… … … is an important source for the study. "Alpomish": the national game 2. Wrestling, horse racing, goat, spear, archery, shooting, fencing, shooting games on … … … , fighting, common sense, courage, spiritual and physical perfection reflected in such qualities. the basis of such courage 3.… … with games held every kind of games are also available. Regular season 4.For example, woke up in the trees in the spring, … … … … "willow plants", when the flowers of the field - the "flower game", during the ripeness seed, nut games, playing in love swinging flights. , the toll in the bud 5.In late autumn, winter rains begin ..… pile of games into the habit. to mitigate 6.… … … ", "Snow collection", “A strong wind blew”, "the storm and the wind" around the cold with all the power of sandals. Snow switch "Siemens", " 7.It was played like saying "… … …", "who said," each other. "riddle", "to say", LESSON 29. LISTENING. Activity 3

1. “Kupkari” is the one of the famous traditional games in Uzbek culture. 2. It is usually played in Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Navoi, Fergana regions of Uzbekistan.

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3. Moreover, not only Uzbek population do love it, but also other nationalities lay as a perfect enjoyable game, for example in Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan. 4. It is a kind of game that only a group of men can play in the position of riding horse. 5. The place “Kupkari” played is normally in green, wide range of fields outside of the country. 6. Many young and old men play this game to get the expensive gift which is sometimes a sheep or a horse or a car. 7. Thus, they try to win among many participants to go to home with wonderful prize for their family.

LESSON 30. LISTENING. Activity 3. 1. One of the interesting Uzbek, national games is “White or blue poplar” for the long time. 2. To play this game there should be two groups which have more than 6 team members. Each group has to participate one by one actively. 3. Firstly, one group begins to ask for another group with one important question: “Who do you need you from our group?” 4. Then second group will discuss who will be chosen for the position that one person needs to take responsibility to cross the opposite side’s chain. 5. Because another team has very strong chain with team members’ hands are connected.

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GENERAL SPORT GLOSSARY broadcast (n) - a program or live event on radio, television or streamed online - Did you watch the live broadcast of the opening ceremony? trophy (n) - a winner's cup, or similar object, presented at the end of a tournament, race, match, etc. - My wife won lots of trophies when she was an athlete in high school. host country (also host nation) (n): the country in which an international event is held - China was the host country for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. qualify (v) - to earn the right to compete, either by being highly rated or by winning a qualifying match - Do you think our team has much chance of qualifying for the finals? (the) finals (n) - a tournament's final few rounds, incl. semi-finals, quarter-finals, rounds of 8 and 16, etc. - How many Asian teams got into the finals this time? (the) final (n) - a tournament's final match, the winner of which is the champion - I'm trying to get some tickets for the final, but they're not easy to get. group stage (n) - stage of a tournament in which players or teams compete in groups - Winning two games in the group stage should get us into the knockout stage. knockout stage (n) - stage of a tournament in which competitors are eliminated if they lose - If we hadn't lost that match in the knockout stage, we might've been champions. round (n) - one of several stages into which a tournament or competition is divided - The highlight of her tennis career was getting to the third round at Wimbledon. runner-up (n) - a player or team that comes second in a tournament, race, quiz, etc. - In the Olympic Games, the runners-up are awarded a silver medal. (be) eliminated (also (be) knocked out) (v): to be defeated and excluded from further competition - The guys were really upset about being eliminated before the semi-finals. 195

quarter-finals (n) - a round of four matches, the winners of which qualify for the semi-finals - We thought we'd won our quarter-final, but Italy got two late goals and beat us. semi-finals (n) - a round of two matches, the winners of which qualify for the final - The semi-finals will be held about a week before the final. fever pitch (n) - a very high level of excitement or frenzy - The crowd's excitement reached fever pitch as Ronaldo scored a goal. accuse (v) - to say someone has done something wrong or something bad - How many students were accused of cheating in the exam? bid (n) - an offer to do something or buy something - Has India ever put in a bid to host the Olympic Games? bribe (v) - to persuade someone to do something illegal or unethical by giving them money - If you try to bribe English police, they'll arrest you. democratic (adj) - based on the equal sharing of political power and the right to vote - In a democratic country, the general public elects the government. (the) general public (n) - ordinary people who aren't members of powerful groups or privileged classes - The best seats aren't for the general public. They're for VIPs only. mascot (n) - a cartoon-like image or costume that represents a team, an event, etc. - Our team's mascot is a tiger, so we've got lots of tiger costumes. passionate (adj) - having very strong feelings about something - Dad's usually very calm, but he can get quite passionate when he's watching sport. progress (v) - to move to the next stage, level, round, etc. - How many teams will progress to the next round? renovate (v) - to repair and improve something to make it look new or work well again - We're going to buy an old house and renovate it. runner-up (n) - a player or team who finishes in second place in a race or a competition - Our team was the runner-up in last year's tournament. schedule (v) - to plan or arrange for something to happen at a certain time - The meeting has been scheduled for next Monday morning. 196

spectacle (n) - an amazing or exciting sight or event - The opening ceremony at the Beijing Olympics was an amazing spectacle. shocking (adj) - making people feel very surprised or very upset - Did you see those shocking pictures of children in the refugee camp? unifying (adj) - making people feel part of a group, or part of the whole of humanity - Sport is a unifying force that brings together different types of people. In a soccer game, there are 11 players on the field, including the goalie, but excluding any substitutes that might be benched on the sidelines. The positions they play are: Defense - The defense, also known as the full-back, is the player that protects (or defends) their team from the opposing team. They usually play in the back, right in front of the goalie. Goalie - Also known more formally as the goalkeeper, the goalie is the player that makes sure the opposing team does not score a goal, by physically stopping soccer balls from entering the goal net. Goalies are also the only players allowed to use their hands and arms during a game. Midfield - This position is in the middle of the field, as the name suggests, and they defend as well as help the forwards score a goal. It’s also known as the half- back. forward - Also known as the striker, this position’s main job is to score a goal. Dribbling - This term is also used in basketball. It means to run up the field with the ball, moving it little by little with different parts of your foot. Offsides - This is a violation that happens when an offensive player (from the other team) passes a ball when there aren’t defensive players between the person passing the ball, the offensive player, and the goal. If a player is determined to be offsides, the opposing team will be awarded an indirect kick. out of bounds - When the ball goes outside the marked lines on the game field. corner kick - A kick from the corner of the field when the ball goes out of bounds, last touched by a defensive player. The ball is kicked by an offensive player.

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goal kick - This happens when a ball is out of bounds, and it was last touched by an offensive player. The goalie grabs the ball and kicks it back into the field of play. throw-in -This is when a play is restarted after a ball goes out of bounds, and the team that throws it in is the opposite team that made the ball go out of bounds in the first place. shin guards - These are a required part of a player’s uniform. It’s the padding that is strapped to the front of a player’s leg, below the knee (a.k.a. the shin). kick-off - This is the way a game is started or restarted, whether at the beginning of the match or at half-time, after a goal has been scored, or if extra time is implemented after the standard 90 minutes a game lasts. direct/indirect kick - If a team commits a violation, the other team is awarded either a direct or indirect kick. A direct kick would be directly kicked into the goal, whereas an indirect kick would be kicked into the field, and the ball would have to be touched by other players before scoring a goal. yellow/red cards - Yellow cards are for unsportsmanlike behavior and minor violations. Red cards are given for serious violations, or even violent behavior. penalty kick - This is awarded to the opposing team, inside the penalty area, 12 yards in front of the goal. So, if the other team commits an offense, the opposing team will likely be awarded a penalty kick. Header - This is when a player uses his or her head to hit the ball, whether it be to advance or deflect it. Players are only allowed to use their feet or head to move the ball, never their hands or arms. Tackling - An attempt, successful or not, to take the ball away from another player, only using your feet. Pass - To pass the ball, one of the most basic elements of the game, is to use your feet to send the ball toward another teammate. Fifa - The official international governing body of soccer, and they established the World Cup back in 1930.

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Fake - A fake is to deceive another player, or try to deceive them, by moving one way and then passing the ball another way. foul - A foul is a violation of the rules, and the opposition is rewarded with a free kick. free kick - A kick awarded to a player who received a foul from the other team. Shot - An attempt to get a goal. You can only take a shot with your foot or your head. world cup - An international event held every four years since 1930 (with the exception of 1942 and 1946, because of World War II). The championship is held by FIFA, and the qualifying 32 countries get to compete for the title of world champions. It is the most-watched sporting event in the world! GAME TERMS at bat - The period of time when it is a player’s turn to hit the ball. Swing - When a batter tries to hit the ball. Strike - When a player tries to hit the ball but misses. A player can do this three times during each time batting. fly ball - A ball that is hit into the air. ground ball/grounder - A ball that is hit onto the ground. foul ball - A ball that is hit outside of the lines of the field. A player can still catch this ball and then the batter is out. Tag - When a player is trying to run to a base and someone from the other team touches this player with the ball. Slide - When a player runs and then drops to the ground to avoid getting tagged by another player. Hit - When a player makes contact with the ball. Homerun - When a batter hits a ball outside of the park so it cannot be caught or when a batter hits the ball and can run around all of the bases before the ball is thrown to home plate. Single - A hit that allows the batter to reach first base. double - A hit that allows the batter to reach second base. 199

triple - A hit that allows the batter to reach third base. run - A point in baseball is called a “run.” POSITIONS AND PEOPLE batter - The person who is trying to hit the ball. pitcher - The person throwing (pitching) the ball. catcher - The person who catches the ball. infielder - A person in the area of the field that is dirt. outfielder - A person in the area of the field that is grass. 1st baseman, 2nd baseman, 3rd baseman - The players who play closest to these bases. Equipment/parts of the field glove - A leather piece that goes over the hand and catches the ball. cleats - Shoes with spikes on the bottom. They help the players run quicker on dirt and grass. helmet - The hard “hat” people wear while batting or running the bases. base(s) - The square white markers that players must touch to be “safe.” There are three: 1st base, 2nd base, and 3rd base. home plate - The white marker where the batter stands to hit the ball. When a player touches all the bases and then home plate, they score a “run” (see definition for “run” below). dugout - The area where players sit when they are not on the field. batter’s box: The area where the next player to hit the ball waits. infield- The area of the field with dirt. outfield - The area of field with grass. Ringball, a traditional South African sport that stems from basketball, has been played since 1907. The sport is now promoted in South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho, India, and Mauritius to establish Ringball as an international sport.

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Korfball - (Dutch: Korfbal, korf meaning 'basket') started in the Netherlands and is now played worldwide as a mixed gender team ball game, similar to mixed netball and basketball Netball - (formerly known as Women basketball but now played by both males and females), a limited-contact team sport in which two teams of seven try to score points against one another by placing a ball through a high hoop. Australia New Zealand champions (so called ANZ Championship) is very famous in Australia and New Zealand as the premier netball league.Basketball has been adopted by various social groups, which have established their own environments and sometimes their own rules. Such socialized forms of basketball include the following. Disabled basketball Disabled basketball is played by various disabled groups, such as the deaf and physically crippled people. Deaf basketball - One of several deaf sports, deaf basketball relies on signing for communication. Any deaf sporting event that happens, its purpose is to serve as a catalyst for the socialization of a low-incidence and geographically dispersed population.

Wheelchair basketball - A sport based on basketball but designed for disabled people in wheelchairs and considered one of the major disabled sports practiced.There is a functional classification system that is used to help determine if the wheelchair basketball player classification system reflects the existing differences in the performance of elite female players. What this system does is it gives an analysis of the players' functional resources through field-testing and game observation. During this system's process, players are assigned a score of 1 to 4.5.

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THE USED LITERATURE 1. Е. А. Баженова, А. Ю.Гренлунд, Л.Я.Ковалева, А.В.Соколова English for Students of Physical Education.– Учебник для студ. высш. учеб. заведений 4-е изд., стер. –Москва. Издательский центр «Академия», 2010.–С.352. С.191- 193,203-204. 2. D.М.Isroilova. Welding Technology.–Андижон,2020.–Б.16,20,23,33,41. 3. Learning English Through Communication. New century book house. –2015. Electron resourse: http://slovar.cc/rus/lingvist/1465836.html Access date: 23.12.2018. 4. Kristina Nemerkenly. English Through Sport. Departmenf of Education and skills.–UK.,2003.– P 20,24,30, 88,95,146. 5. Philip Kerr. Straightforward. Pre-Intermediate. Macmillan.–2007.– P72-73. 6."Uzbek national Encyclopedia", National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan State publishing house.–Tashkent, 2010.–P.203. 7. “Kupkari” .Moziydan Sado magazine, 2003.–P.4

8."Kupkari" Electron resourse:www. youtube.com Access date:15.11.2019. 9."White or blue poplar?" words in Uzbek Regional games.

10."Kurash" information as an extra source. Electron resourse: www.dissers.ru accepted date 28.08.2018. 11. Get Fit & Flourish: Enhanced Physical Activity Manual | 146. UK.,2003. Internet sources 10. http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/importance-of-sports-10783.html 11.http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/http://www.chinaview.cn/sports/in12.dex.htmhtt p://www.cctv.com/program/SportsScene/11/index.shtm13.lhttp://www.usatoday.co m/sports/default.htmhttp:// 14. http://msn.foxsports.com/ 15. Major sports associations and leagues have websites, e.g. 16. http://www.nba.com/ 17. http://www.fifa.com/ 202

SPOT THE DIFFERENCES Exercise and Sports

HANDOUT 1. Find all eight differences in the pictures.

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Exercise and Sports SPOT THE DIFFERENCES

Answer key A p p r o x i m a t e l y

HANDOUT 2. -

WRITING. 2 “Think, Pair, Share” 0

Think quietly first about the questions below. Then, turn to one classmate and orally exchange responses with your partner.m Finally, share ideas with a larger group or the class. i n

1. What is the last major sports event youu watched on television or in person? t ______e ______s

2. What major sports event would you most like to attend?

______

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3. What major sports events do you think are of most interest to people in Uzbekistan?

______

4. What major sports events take place in our region?

______

5. Did you watch any of the last Boxing matches?

______

6. What do you know about the extra information of boxing? What do you want to know and how can you find out the information? Complete the diagram below.

HANDOUT 3.

Boxing matches

What do you KNOW ? What do you WANT to HOW will you find out? know?

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HANDOUT 4. A.Brainstorming You are going to do a group presentation on a kind of sport.

In groups of four, each student chooses one favourite sport. Write all the names of the sports chosen by your group members in the bubbles below and on the next page. Then brainstorm and discuss ideas about the four sports using the “W5 + H” prompts (i.e. when, where, why, what, who and how) and write some notes in the mind maps. Think of some questions to ask yourself, e.g. “Where do people play this sport?”, “What equipment do people need to buy?” and “How is the game played and how do people win in this game?”. Towards the end of your discussion, decide on one sport that the whole group will present on.

When/Where? Why?

Name of sport:

______

Who?

How?

What?

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HANDOUT 5. Learning Activity Listening and Speaking What do you know about some of the world’s biggest and most popular sports events? In the following activities, you will learn about some famous sports events and make an oral presentation about one major event.

A. “Think, Pair, Share”

Think quietly first about the questions below. Then, turn to one classmate and orally exchange responses with your partner. Finally, share ideas with a larger group or the class.

1. What is the last major sports event you watched on television or in person? ______

2. What major sports event would you most like to attend? ______

3. What major sports events do you think are of most interest to people in your country ? ______

4. What major sports events take place in our region? ______

5. Did you watch any of the last Football Tournament matches?

______

6. What do you know about the Football Tournament matches ? What do you want to know and how can you find out the information? Complete the diagram below.

______

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HANDOUT 6

Football Tournament matches

What do you KNOW ? What do you WANT to HOW will you find out? know?

HANDOUT 7.

WRITING

Write an article about the sports day/athletics meet of your school.

1. To plan your article, you should note down some information of the event:

WHO

Participants? ______

Levels?______

Houses or teams? ______

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Guests of honour?______

WHEN and WHERE

Date and time? ______

School name? ______

Location of the meet?______

WHICH

Which sports? ______

WHAT

What happened?______What was the most exciting or dramatic moment?______

______

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WHO

Who won? ______

Who was the winning house? ______

Discussing

Why do you think sport is a part of cultural and public life? What kinds of sport are very popular with our people? What kind of games help to develop character? Discuss how you must find time for everything (try to do homework quickly, not to break your routine to have only useful hobbies and interests).

HANDOUT 8. Which verbs go with which noun and phrases? Match a line in A with a line in B. A B Whistle A ladder Kick A pile of books Lick Your head Tie Out of the window Climb A toffee Scratch A tune Drop Your grandmother Chew A ball Hug An ice-cream Stare A knot

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A B Kiss To pray Blow Into an apple Point Me on the back Pat Me on the cheek Kneel Up a balloon Hit About home Think In time with the music Bite A gun at the bank clerk Clap A nail with a hammer Hold Me in your arms

HANDOUT 9. ESL Sports Vocabulary Game - Reading, Matching and Speaking Activity Here are a set of fun card games to help introduce beginners to the names of sports. The students begin by playing a pelmanism game with the cards. The students are divided into pairs. Each pair is given a set of picture cards and a set of word cards, which they shuffle and spread out face down on the table in two sets. Students then take it in turns to turn over one picture card and one word card. If the picture and word match, the student reads the sport aloud, keeps the two cards and has another turn. If the cards don't match, the student turns them back over, keeping them in the same place. The game continues until all the cards have been matched. The student with the most pairs of cards at the end of the game wins. The students then move on to play a snap style game with the cards. One student takes all the picture cards and the other takes the word cards. The students shuffle their cards and place them face down in a pile in front of them. Both students turn over a card from their pile at the same time. If the two cards match, the first student to say 'Snap' scores a point. The two students then pick up their own cards, shuffle them and play again.

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If the cards don't match, the students continue turning over cards until a matching pair comes up and someone says 'Snap'. The first student to get 10 points wins the game. Finally, the pairs place the word cards face up on the table and categorize the sports according to certain criteria, e.g. team sports, individual sports, sports that use a ball, winter sports, water sports, etc.

Discussing questions. 1. What sports do you watch? 2.What sports do you like to watch? 3.What sports do you hate to watch? 4.What sports do you like to play? 5.What sports do you like to watch live? 6.What sports do you like to watch on TV? 7.What sports do you think are the best? 8.What's a sport that you don't like?

HANDOUT 10. ESL Sports Activity - Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking In this sports worksheet activity, students answer questions about sports and then try to find another student for each question who has the same answer. Each student is given a copy of the worksheet. The students answer the sports questions on the worksheet by writing each response in the 'My answer' column next to the question. When the students have finished, they go around the class asking and answering the questions from the worksheet to try to find other students who have the same answer. When a student finds someone with the same answer, they write the person's name in the 'Name' column and ask a follow-up question to gain more information, noting down the answer next to the name. The student then moves on to speak to another classmate. When everyone has finished, the students give feedback to the class on what they found out.

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HANDOUT 11. Sports Time ESL Sports Worksheets - Reading, Writing and Matching Activity Here is an enjoyable sports worksheet to help students learn and practice sports vocabulary and action verbs related to sports. Students begin by writing action verbs from a box on the worksheet under matching pictures. When the students have finished, the answers are checked with the class. The students then complete sentences about sports using the verbs from the first exercise, e.g. 'In football, players can kick the ball but they can't catch the ball'. After the students' sentences have been reviewed, students categorize sports vocabulary by writing words from a box into the correct column on their worksheet, e.g. vocabulary associated with sports equipment, etc. Finally, students secretly choose their favorite team sport and complete sentences using the vocabulary from the two worksheets. The students then take it in turns to read their sentences to the class and the class tries to guess the sport being described.

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HANDOUT 12

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HANDOUT 13. My Goals ______Physical Activity 1.______2.______Healthy Eating 1.______2.______People who can help me 1.______2.______Challenges I had or things that made this hard 1.______2.______Ways of overcoming challenges or how I got around hard things 1.______2.______

HANDOUT 13 Sports Questionnaire ESL Sports Activity - Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking Activity - Elementary - 35 minutes In this sports worksheet activity, students complete questions about sports with go, play and do and then ask and answer the questions in a 'Find someone who' activity. Each student is given a copy of the worksheet. The students begin by completing questions in the first column of the worksheet with the verbs: go, play or do. When the students have finished, the questions are checked with the class. The students then look at the verbs in the questions and think about what the sports have in common when each verb is used. Then, the rules for go, play and do sport 217

collocations are elicited from the class. Next, the students write one follow-up question using go, play or do for each question from the first column. Students then go around the class asking each other the questions in the first column, e.g. 'Do you go cycling?' When a student finds someone who answers 'Yes, I do' to a question, the student writes down that person's name and asks the follow-up question to gain more information (e.g. Where do you go cycling?), noting down the answer in the last column. When everyone has finished, the students give feedback to the rest of the class on what they found out.

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CONTENTS: UNIT I INTRODUCTION

1.1. About myself…………………………………………………………..……4 1.2. My family ………………………………………………………….. …….11 1.3. My hobby…………………………………………………………………18 1.4. My working day…………………………………………………………..24 UNIT II HOLIDAYS AND SPORT 2.1. Our University and sport events…………………………………………...32 2.2 .Holidays in England……………………………………………………….37 2.3 .Holidays in Uzbekistan……………………………………………………43 2.4 .Holidays in the USA …………………………………………………...... 49 UNIT III SPORTS AND GAMES 3.1.History of the Olympic Games……………………………………………..55 3.2.The Olympic Games …………………………………………………….....61 3.3.International Olympic Organizations……………………………………….66 3.4 .International Olympic Committee………………………………………….71 UNIT IV SPORT AROUND THE WORLD 4.1.Organization of sport………………………………………………………..75 4.2. Sport in Great Britain………………………………………………………80

4.3.Sport in Uzbekistan……………………………………………..85

4.4 .Sport in the USA……………………………………………………………90 UNIT V SPORT AND HEALTH 5.1.Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body………………………..95 5.2 .Health Is Wealth……………………………………………………………102 5.3. Importance of physical Exercises………………………………………...... 107 5.4. The Bad Effect of Person Does not Play Sports or Do Physical Exercises 112 5.5. How to Make Yourself Physically Tougher………………………………..118 UNIT VI ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 6.1. Advantages of sport…………………………………………………………122

6.2. Injures……………………………………………………………………….128 220

6.3. The Positive Effects of Playing Sports in Higher education……………….133 6.4.The Negative Effects of Youth Sports………………………………………137 UNIT VII UZBEK NATIONAL GAMES 7.1.Origin of Uzbek national games…………………………………………….142 7.2. Uzbek national games………………………………………………………147 7.3.Alpomish national game…………………………………………………….151 7.4.Kupkari………………………………………………………………….…..157 7.5. White or blue poplar?...... 161 TESTING QUIZ …………………………………………………………………64 GLOSSARY …………………………………………………………………….170 ANSWER KEY………………………………………………………………….186 USED LITERATURE…………………………………………………………...203 HANDOUTS……………………………………………………………………204.

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M U N D A R I J A I BO’LIM KIRISH 1.1 O’zim haqimda ...... 1.2 Mening qiziqishlarim...... 1.3 Mening oilam...... 1.4 Mening kunim ...... II BO’LIM BAYRAMLAR VA SPORT 2.1. Bizning universitetimiz va sport musobaqalari...... 2.2. Buyuk Britaniya bayramlari...... 2.3. Uzbekiston bayramlari...... 2.4. AQSh bayramlari...... III BO’LIM SPORT VA O’YINLAR 3.1.Olimpiada O’yinlari Tarixi ……………………………………………….. 3.2. Olimpiada o’yinlari ……………………………………………………… 3.3. Halqaro Olimpiada Tashkilotlari …………………………………………. 3.4. Halqaro Olimpiada Qo’mitalari………………………………………………. IV BO’LIM DUNYO VA SPORT 4.1.Sport tashkilotlari…………………………………………………………….. 4.2. Buyuk Britaniyada Sporti ……………………………………………………… 4.3.Uzbekiston Sporti………………………………………………… 4.4. AQSh Sporti………………………………………………………………….. V BO’LIM SPORT VA SOG’LIK 5.1.Inson tanasining anatomiyasi va fiziologiyasi ……………………………… 5.2. Sog’lik bu boylik…………………………………………………………….. 5.3. Jismoniy mashqlarning ahamiyati…………………………………………… 5.4. Shahsning Sport yoki jismoniy mashg’ulotlar bilan shug’illanmasligining yomon oqibatlari……………………………………………………………………. 5.5. Qanday qilib jismoniy baqquvvat bo’lish mumkin……………………………. VI BO’LIM FOYDALI VA ZARARLI TOMONLARI 6.1.Sportning foydali tomonlari……………………………………………………. 222

6.2. Jarohatlar……………………………………………………………………… 6.3. Sport o’yinlarining Oliy ta’limda ijobiy samarasi…………………………… 6.4.Yo’shlar sportining salbiy oqibatlari………………………………………….. VII BO’LIM UZBEK MILLIY O’YINLARI 7.1. O’zbek milliy o’yinlarining kelib chiqishi……………………………………. 7.2. O’zbekmilliy o’yinlari………………………………………………………….. 7.3. Alpomish milliy o’yini…………………………………………………………. 7.4.Ko’pkari…………………………………………………………………………. 7.5. Oq terakmi ko’k terak?...... GLOSSARI...... АДАБИЁТЛАР...... TEST...... KALITLAR......

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