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Indonesia Beyond Reformasi: Necessity and the “De-Centering” of Democracy
INDONESIA BEYOND REFORMASI: NECESSITY AND THE “DE-CENTERING” OF DEMOCRACY Leonard C. Sebastian, Jonathan Chen and Adhi Priamarizki* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: TRANSITIONAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA ......................................... 2 R II. NECESSITY MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT FOR DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA .................... 7 R III. NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ................... 12 R A. What Necessity Inevitably Entailed: Changes to Defining Features of the New Order ............. 12 R 1. Military Reform: From Dual Function (Dwifungsi) to NKRI ......................... 13 R 2. Taming Golkar: From Hegemony to Political Party .......................................... 21 R 3. Decentralizing the Executive and Devolution to the Regions................................. 26 R 4. Necessary Changes and Beyond: A Reflection .31 R IV. NON NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ............. 32 R A. After Necessity: A Political Tug of War........... 32 R 1. The Evolution of Legislative Elections ........ 33 R 2. The Introduction of Direct Presidential Elections ...................................... 44 R a. The 2004 Direct Presidential Elections . 47 R b. The 2009 Direct Presidential Elections . 48 R 3. The Emergence of Direct Local Elections ..... 50 R V. 2014: A WATERSHED ............................... 55 R * Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator, Indonesia Pro- gramme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of In- ternational Studies, Nanyang Technological University, -
1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Gambaran Umum Objek Penelitian 1.1.1 Profil Dinas Parawisata Dan Budaya Provinsi Jawa Barat Jawa Barat dikenal sebagai provinsi yang memiliki kekayaan pariwisata yang beragam jenisnya, dan beberapa diantaranya memiliki kualitas dan daya tarik yang tinggi. Sumber daya kebudayaan yang dimiliki seperti bahasa, sastra, dan aksara daerah, kesenian, kepurbakalaan, kesejarahan, nilai tradisional, dan museum, masih tumbuh dan berkembang serta keberadaannya dapat diandalkan untuk pembangunan jati diri bangsa. Pemerintah menempatkan kepariwisataan menjadi salah satu sektor strategis sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan asli daerah yang potensial. Berbagai upaya telah banyak dilakukan pemerintah daerah untuk meningkatkan sektor kepariwisataan terhadap pembangunan Jawa Barat secara keseluruhan. Dimulai dari upaya untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan lama kunjungan wisatawan, pelayanan di bidang jasa kepariwisataan, kerja sama dengan pihak luar negeri, promosi, hingga meningkatkan daya tarik kepariwisataan daerah. Dalam strategi pembangunan kepariwisataan khususnya dalam upaya meningkatkan daya tarik, sektor kebudayaan menjadi unsur andalan yang kemudian sangat mempengaruhi daya beli suatu daerah. Hal ini menempatkan kebudayaan sebagai sektor potensial bagi pengembangan kepariwisataan sehingga dapat berperan menjadi pendukung dan mitra utama kepariwisataan. Dengan demikian, kebudayaan dan kepariwisataan merupakan dua sektor yang hendaknya 68 dapat dikembangkan secara sinergis sebagai satu aset dan peluang bagi pengembangan dan pembangunan -
From the Jungles of Sumatra and the Beaches of Bali to the Surf Breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, Discover the Best of Indonesia
INDONESIAThe Insiders' Guide From the jungles of Sumatra and the beaches of Bali to the surf breaks of Lombok, Sumba and Sumbawa, discover the best of Indonesia. Welcome! Whether you’re searching for secluded surf breaks, mountainous terrain and rainforest hikes, or looking for a cultural surprise, you’ve come to the right place. Indonesia has more than 18,000 islands to discover, more than 250 religions (only six of which are recognised), thousands of adventure activities, as well as fantastic food. Skip the luxury, packaged tours and make your own way around Indonesia with our Insider’s tips. & Overview Contents MALAYSIA KALIMANTAN SULAWESI Kalimantan Sumatra & SUMATRA WEST PAPUA Jakarta Komodo JAVA Bali Lombok Flores EAST TIMOR West Papua West Contents Overview 2 West Papua 23 10 Unique Experiences A Nomad's Story 27 in Indonesia 3 Central Indonesia Where to Stay 5 Java and Central Indonesia 31 Getting Around 7 Java 32 & Java Indonesian Food 9 Bali 34 Cultural Etiquette 1 1 Nusa & Gili Islands 36 Sustainable Travel 13 Lombok 38 Safety and Scams 15 Sulawesi 40 Visa and Vaccinations 17 Flores and Komodo 42 Insurance Tips Sumatra and Kalimantan 18 Essential Insurance Tips 44 Sumatra 19 Our Contributors & Other Guides 47 Kalimantan 21 Need an Insurance Quote? 48 Cover image: Stocksy/Marko Milovanović Stocksy/Marko image: Cover 2 Take a jungle trek in 10 Unique Experiences Gunung Leuser National in Indonesia Park, Sumatra Go to page 20 iStock/rosieyoung27 iStock/South_agency & Overview Contents Kalimantan Sumatra & Hike to the top of Mt. -
July 2009 Bi -Weekly Bulletin Issue 13 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Political Issues Environment Issues Economic Issues Regional/International Issues RELATED EVENTS TO INDONESIA: Socio-Cultural Issues Useful links of Indonesia: Government July 2009 Bi -Weekly Bulletin www.indonesia.go.id Issue 13 Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Indonesia News & Views 1 2 3 4 5 July 1, 2009 Department of Foreign Affairs www.indonesian-embassy.fi www.deplu.go.id 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Top quotes inside this issue: Ministry of Cultural and Tourism ♦ "The upcoming presidential 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 election must be able to www.budpar.go.id , produce a national leadership www.my-indonesia.info that can improve the people's 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 welfare based on the principles of justice and civil National Agency for Export rights ." (page 1) Development 27 28 29 30 31 ♦ ”Border issues cannot be www.nafed.go.id settled through negotiations in a short time. It's not something we start one day and the next Investment Coordinating Board >>> July 17-19, 2009 South Sumatra day we are finished. It's not www.bkpm.go.id Kerinci Cultural Festival, Jambi only we and Malaysia, but Further information, please visit One of the greatest kingdoms in Indonesian history, the Buddhist Empire of many other countries www.pempropjambi.go.id Sriwijaya, prospered along the banks of Musi River in South Sumatra over a experienced this.” (page 3) thousand years ago. ♦ ”Indonesia is experiencing a Located on the southern-most rim of the South China Sea, close to the one of positive trend as indicated by the world’s busiest shipping lanes linking the Far East with Europe, the the improvement in the com- Location: Raja Ampat, Papua, Indonesia Region’s historical background is rich and colourful. -
OHSAA Handbook for Match Type)
2021-22 Handbook for Member Schools Grades 7 to 12 CONTENTS About the OHSAA ...............................................................................................................................................................................4 Who to Contact at the OHSAA ...........................................................................................................................................................5 OHSAA Board of Directors .................................................................................................................................................................6 OHSAA Staff .......................................................................................................................................................................................7 OHSAA Board of Directors, Staff and District Athletic Boards Listing .............................................................................................8 OHSAA Association Districts ...........................................................................................................................................................10 OHSAA Affiliated Associations ........................................................................................................................................................11 Coaches Associations’ Proposals Timelines ......................................................................................................................................11 2021-22 OHSAA Ready Reference -
SITTING VOLLEYBALL NATIONAL TEAMS 2020-2021 ATHLETE SELECTION PROCEDURES (Men and Women)
SITTING VOLLEYBALL NATIONAL TEAMS 2020-2021 ATHLETE SELECTION PROCEDURES (Men and Women) ELIGIBILITY FOR SITTING VOLLEYBALL NATIONAL TEAM In order to be eligible for selection to a National Team, all athletes must have a valid Canadian Passport as validation of Canadian Citizenship. Athletes must have a physical impairment that meets the classification standards for sitting volleyball as established by World ParaVolley (WPV). WPV is the international governing body for sitting volleyball. Athletes must meet the minimum eligibility requirements to participate in the Paralympic Games as set by the IPC, including having a confirmed classification status and be in good standing with WPV. Athletes must attend the Selection Camp* in order to be considered for selection to the National Team. An athlete who cannot attend the Selection Camp due to injury may be recommended for selection if he/she had previously been involved in the National Team. The athlete must receive the approval of the coaching staff and have written proof of medical reason for exclusion from the selection camp. Athletes must submit application for approval with medical note to the Para HP Manager or the High Performance Director - Sitting Volleyball prior to the Selection Camp. If an athlete’s injury does not prevent travel, it is expected that the athlete still attends selection camp and participates team off-court sessions. *With current COVID-19 restrictions, athletes will attend selection camp once it is safe to do so, all evaluations will be based on previous performance at camps and competitions SELECTION CRITERIA – NATIONAL TEAM MEMBER Athletes will be selected to a National Team program and rated within Volleyball Canada’s Gold Medal Profile (GMP) for Sitting Volleyball. -
Pacific Mini Games 2009 Official Report.Pdf
Contents Letters of Introduction • Prime Minister of the Cook Islands 2 • President, Pacific Games Council 3 • President, CISNOC 4 Executive Summary 6 History of the Pacific Mini Games 11 Participating Nations 12 Team Size and Achievements 13 Daily Sports Programme & Games Venues 14 Structure of Governance and Organisation 15 Pacific Mini Games Operations 18 PMG 2009 Ltd Budget and Financial Report 19 Adopt a Country Programme 19 BCI Oe Baton Relay 21 The 2009 Competition Programme • Athletics 22 • Boxing 24 • Golf 25 • Lawn Bowls 27 • League 7’s 28 • Netball 29 • Rugby 7’s 30 • Sailing 31 • Squash 32 • Table Tennis 33 • Tennis 34 • Touch Rugby 35 • Triathlon 35 • Va’a/Canoeing 36 • Weightlifting 38 Finance/Administration 40 Marketing/Communications 40 Infrastructure/Logistics and Support Services 41 Operations 42 Outer Islands 43 Appendices 45 Accommodation & Dining Venues 46 Acknowledgements 48 1 Letters of Introduction MESSAGE FROM THE PRIME MINISTER OF THE COOK ISLANDS Kia Orana! In the spirit of a tough sporting challenge, the 2009 Pacific Mini Games presented numerous obstacles for the Cook Islands, its people, and Government. And although the early path to ‘victory’ was very much an uphill battle I am pleased to say that those faced with the task of producing these Games did not shy away from the jobs at hand. Of course, those jobs were many and everyone from the tireless volunteers to the relentless efforts of the organisers are deserving of high praise. In the aftermath of such a major event, particularly for a small island nation like ours, the focus often falls on the nature of ‘how’ and ‘why’ we struggled with certain difficulties. -
Sector Ienvironmental Impact Assessment
The Study on Comprehensive Water Management of Main Report Musi River Basin in the Republic of Indonesia Final Report CHAPTER 3 PRESENT CONDITION OF THE BASIN AND BASIC ANALYSIS 3.1 General Natural Conditions The general natural condition described in this section mainly refers to the Musi River Basin Study in 1989, updating the information and data. 3.1.1 Topography The Musi River Basin covers a total of 59,942 km2 in the south of Sumatra Island between 2°17’ and 4°58’ South latitude and between 102°4’ and 105°20’ East Longitude. It covers most of South Sumatra Province, and only small parts of the Bengkulu, Jambi and Lampung provinces as shown in the Location Map. The topography of the Musi River Basin can be broadly divided into five zones; namely, from the west, the Mountain Zone, the Piedmont Zone, the Central Plains, the Inland Swamps and the Coastal Plains. The Mountain Zone comprises the northwestern to southwestern part of the study area and is composed of valleys, highland plateaus and volcanic cones. The Piedmont Zone is an approximately 40 km wide transition belt between the Mountain Zone and the Central Plains. It is an undulating to hilly area with some flat plains. The central plains consist of three sections, uplands, flood plains and river levees. The Inland Swamps comprise the natural river levees and back swamps. The back swamps are less elevated than the river level and flooded during the rainy season. The Coastal Plain comprises the lowlands along the coast and the deltaic northeastern lowlands, naturally covered with peat swamp forest. -
The Indonesia Atlas
The Indonesia Atlas Year 5 Kestrels 2 The Authors • Ananias Asona: North and South Sumatra • Olivia Gjerding: Central Java and East Nusa Tenggara • Isabelle Widjaja: Papua and North Sulawesi • Vera Van Hekken: Bali and South Sulawesi • Lieve Hamers: Bahasa Indonesia and Maluku • Seunggyu Lee: Jakarta and Kalimantan • Lorien Starkey Liem: Indonesian Food and West Java • Ysbrand Duursma: West Nusa Tenggara and East Java Front Cover picture by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA. All other images by students of year 5 Kestrels. 3 4 Welcome to Indonesia….. Indonesia is a diverse country in Southeast Asia made up of over 270 million people spread across over 17,000 islands. It is a country of lush, wild rainforests, thriving reefs, blazing sunlight and explosive volcanoes! With this diversity and energy, Indonesia has a distinct culture and history that should be known across the world. In this book, the year 5 kestrel class at Nord Anglia School Jakarta will guide you through this country with well- researched, informative writing about the different pieces that make up the nation of Indonesia. These will also be accompanied by vivid illustrations highlighting geographical and cultural features of each place to leave you itching to see more of this amazing country! 5 6 Jakarta Jakarta is not that you are thinking of.Jakarta is most beautiful and amazing city of Indonesia. Indonesian used Bahasa Indonesia because it is easy to use for them, it is useful to Indonesian people because they used it for a long time, became useful to people in Jakarta. they eat their original foods like Nasigoreng, Nasipadang. -
RPIJM Kabupaten Majalengka 2015 - 2019
RPIJM Kabupaten Majalengka 2015 - 2019 3.1 ARAHAN PEMBANGUNAN BIDANG CIPTA KARYA DAN ARAHAN PENATAAN RUANG 3.1.1 ARAHAN PEMBANGUNAN BIDANG CIPTA KARYA Ditjen Cipta Karya dalam melakukan tugas dan fungsinya selaludilandasi peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan bidang CiptaKarya, antara lain UU No. 1 Tahun 2011 tentang Perumahan danKawasan Permukiman, UU No. 28 Tahun 2002 tentang BangunanGedung, UU No. 7 tahun 2008 tentang Sumber Daya Air, dan UU No.18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Persampahan. A. UU No. 1 Tahun 2011 TentangPerumahandanPermukiman UU Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman membagi tugas dankewenangan Pemerintah Pusat, Pemerintah Provinsi, dan PemerintahKabupaten/Kota. Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota dalam penyelenggaraanpermukiman mempunyai tugas: a. Menyusun dan melaksanakan kebijakan dan strategi pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di bidang perumahan dan kawasan permukiman dengan berpedoman pada kebijakan dan strategi nasional dan provinsi. b. Menyusun dan rencana pembangunan dan pengembangan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman pada tingkat kabupaten/kota. c. Menyelenggarakan fungsi operasionalisasi dan koordinasi terhadap pelaksanaan kebijakan kabupaten/kota dalam penyediaan rumah, perumahan, permukiman, lingkungan hunian, dan kawasan permukiman. 3 - 1 RPIJM Kabupaten Majalengka 2015 - 2019 d. Melaksanakan pengawasan dan pengendalian terhadap pelaksanaan peraturan perundang-undangan, kebijakan, strategi, serta program di bidang perumahan dan kawasan permukiman pada tingkat kabupaten/kota. e. Melaksanakan kebijakan dan strategi pada tingkat kabupaten/kota. f. Melaksanakan melaksanakan peraturan perundang-undangan serta kebijakan dan strategi penyelenggaraan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman pada tingkat kabupaten/kota. g. Melaksanakan peningkatan kualitas perumahan dan permukiman. h. Melaksanakan kebijakan dan strategi provinsi dalam penyelenggaraan perumahan dan kawasan permukiman berpedoman pada kebijakan nasional. i. Melaksanakan pengelolaan prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas umum perumahan dan kawasan permukiman. -
The Establishment of an Air Defense Identification Zone As an Opportunity in Enforcing the Sovereignty of the State and Law in Indonesia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3240 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3259 (Online) DOI: 10.7176/JLPG Vol.85, 2019 The Establishment of an Air Defense Identification Zone as an Opportunity in Enforcing the Sovereignty of the State and Law in Indonesia Harry Purwanto 1 Levina Yustitianingtyas 2 1.Doctorate of Law Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia and Lecture of Law Faculty, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2.Lecture of Law Faculty, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia Abstract An Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) is part of a state’s air defense system. Within international law, no specific law regulates the state’s authority to establish ADIZ nor explicitly prohibits them to set their own ADIZ. Consequently, it is through states own various interpretations of provisions within international law that states have based their authority to determine its ADIZ. Following the practice of other states, Indonesia has also established ADIZ as part of Indonesia’s air defense system to enforce the sovereignty of the State and law over airspace. The Indonesian ADIZ is the airspace covering of a small portion of South Sumatra, Java and Madura, Bali, Lombok and a fraction of the western part of Sumbawa Island. A closer look to Indonesia’s ADIZ reveals that the zone is still within Indonesia’s national territorial airspace. Notably, this is contrary to several states practice in establishing its own ADIZ whose zone is outside its national airspace. -
Menelusuri Jejak Awal Penerbangan Di Indonesia (1913-1950-An)
MENELUSURI JEJAK AWAL PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA (1913-1950-AN) Dadan Adi Kurniawan Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta [email protected] Abstrak Minimnya narasi tentang kiprah penerbangan di masa lalu menjadikan pemahaman sejarah terkait moda transportasi seakan pincang. Kebanyakan kajian masih berkutat pada sejarah transportasi darat dan laut, terutama masa kolonial. Padahal keunggulannya dalam menempuh berbagai medan jarak jauh, menjadikan transportasi udara sebagai salah satu primadona pilihan masyarakat modern dalam bermobilitas. Tulisan ini menelusuri lebih lanjut jejak kemunculan dan perkembangan awal penerbangan sipil-militer di Indonesia. Sejak kapan penerbangan mulai ada, faktor apa saja yang melatarbelakangi kemunculannya dan bagaimana dinamika awal perkembangannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah kritis dinama penulis memadukan sumber primer maupun sekunder yang relevan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerbangan pertama di Indonesia telah ada sejak dekade kedua abad 20 dan mulai berkembang pesat pada periode 1950-an. Pada awalnya, penerbangan difungsikan untuk keperluan militer disusul penerbangan komersial dalam jumlah terbatas. Kemajuan teknologi di Barat dan persaingan global (perang) saat itu menyebabkan dunia penerbangan mencapai akselerasi kemajuan yang lebih cepat. Kata Kunci: transportasi, bandara, penerbangan, militer, komersial. Abstract The lack of narratives about the gait of flight in the past has made understanding history related to transportation modes as if limping. Most studies still dwell on the history of land and sea transportation, especially the colonial period. Though its superiority in taking various long-distance terrain, making air transportation one of the excellent choices of modern society in mobility. This paper explores further the traces of the emergence and early development of civil- military flight in Indonesia.