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Report on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education Sport Report on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education 2005 Sport for a Better World Report on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education 2005 Sport for a Better World 2 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2005 i. Message on the International Year of Sport 6 and Physical Education, Kofi Annan ii. Preface, Adolf Ogi 8 iii. Acknowledgements, Michael Kleiner 12 iv. Editorial Note, Ingrid Beutler 14 Contents v. List of Acronyms 16 PART I. INTRODUCTION 21 PART II. RECOGNIZING THE VALUES OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE 35 A. Sport and Education 36 i. The Right to Sport and Physical Education 38 ii. Sport as a “School for Life” 39 iii. Sport, Physical Education and the Rights of the Child 40 iv. International Conferences and Initiatives 41 B. Sport and Health 48 i. An Investment in Public Health 51 ii. Lack of Physical Activity and its Implications for Health 51 iii. A Tool in the Fight Against HIV/AIDS 52 iv. A Need for Further Action 53 v. International Conferences and Initiatives 53 C. Sport and Development 58 i. The Role of Sport in Development 60 ii. Sport and the Environment 62 iii. Sport and Economic Development 63 iv. International Conferences and Initiatives 66 CONTENTS 3 D. Sport and Peace 78 i. Sport as a Tool in Conflict Transformation 81 ii. Sport as a “Training Ground for Democracy” 81 iii. Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons 82 iv. Child Soldiers 82 v. Sport as a Tool to Promote Peace 83 vi. Why Use Sport as a Tool in Conflict and Post-CConflict Situations? 84 vii. International Conferences and Initiatives 85 Contents E. The Benefits of “Sport for All” 90 i. Non-DDiscrimination in Sport 93 ii. Sport for People Living With a Disability 93 iii. Sport in the Combat Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance 95 iv. Sport and the Holistic Development of the Child 95 v. Sport, Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women 97 PART III. RECOGNIZING THE VALUES OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL STAGE 101 A. Africa 104 B. Asia and the Pacific 140 C. Europe 164 D. Latin America and the Caribbean 216 E. Middle East and North Africa 232 F. North America 252 4 REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2005 PART IV. PARTNERS IN THE GLOBAL SPORTING NETWORK 261 A. International Institutional Arrangements 262 B. United Nations 268 C. International Sports Organizations 294 i. Multiple Sports Organizations 296 ii. Single Sports Organizations 313 iii. Sporting Goods Industry 334 D. Non-GGovernmental and Governmental Development Organizations Using Sport 336 E. Spokespersons for the International Year of Sport and Physical Education 378 PART V. CONCLUSION: KEEPING THE BALL ROLLING... 383 PART VI. APPENDIX 393 A. Selected Milestones in Sport for Development and Peace 396 B. Endnotes 402 C. Index 408 D. Photo Credits 420 CONTENTS 5 Message on the International Year of Sport and Physical Education 2005 Kofi Annan 6 People in every nation love sport. Its values – fitness, fair play, teamwork, and the pursuit of excellence – are universal. At its best, it brings people together, no matter what their origin, background, religious beliefs or economic status. And when young people participate in sports or have access to physical education, they can build up their health and self- esteem, use their talents to the fullest, learn the ideals of teamwork and tolerance, and be drawn away from the dangers of drugs and crime. That is why the United Nations is turning more and more often to the world of sport for help in our work for peace and our efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. To highlight the role that sport can play in our pursuit of a safer, more prosperous, more peaceful world, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 2005 the International Year of Sport and Physical Education. Governments, international organizations and community groups everywhere have used this occasion to give serious consideration to how sport can be included more systematically in plans to improve people’s lives. I offer my thanks to all of you for your contribution to this important global observance. Kofi A. Annan United Nations Secretary-General MESSAGE ON THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION 2005 7 Preface Adolf Ogi 8 It is a great pleasure to welcome you to this publication about the International Year of Sport and Physical Education (IYSPE 2005). Between its pages you will read of the hundreds of projects and activities, conferences and events that have taken place around the world, from Africa to Asia, Europe to the Pacific, Latin America to the Middle East, commemorating a very dynamic International Year. I would like to thank all those who have been actively involved throughout IYSPE 2005. It was an intensive year, to sensitize the international community to the true value of sport. Together we climbed mountains, paddled lakes, undertook journeys – in all seasons and conditions. Together we laughed, sweated, debated and decided – we came together from all over the world – we lived the International Year of Sport and Physical Education. This publication is testimony to the acceptance by thousands, even millions of individuals that sport has an important role to play in making this world a better place. As Special Adviser to the United Nations Secretary-General on Sport for Development and Peace, I extend a sincere thank you to all those who have contributed their testimony, without which this book would not have been possible. Governments, sports organizations, non- governmental and governmental organizations, civil-society, the private sector as well as individuals have worked together, forming partnerships, sharing best practices, and contributing to the promotion and proof that the international community is willing and ready to use sport and physical education to promote education, health, development and peace. PREFACE 9 Particularly, I would like to express my gratitude to the United Nations Secretary-General, for his vital and committed support from the beginning. The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) has generously contributed in supporting the Office for the International Year of Sport and Physical Education, which, under the leadership of Mr. Michael Kleiner, coordinated commemorative activities globally and forwarded its objectives. I thank the United Nations system for its support throughout the Year and for the collaboration of Member States. It provided the basis for a unique platform enabling thorough discussions on the role of sport and physical education in society and their values in promoting health, education, development and peace. The message is unanimous: the fundamental principles of sport, respect for opponents and rules, teamwork and fair play, are consistent with the principles of the UN Charter and reflect the basic rules of a well functioning society living in peace. The Year began just a few days after one of the worst natural disasters to ever hit mankind and continued with dramatic hurricanes in the Americas, earthquakes in Asia and conflicts in diverse regions. Nevertheless, the impact of the Year has been very real. The role of sport, however minor, in reviving happiness and hope in stricken, mostly demolished societies is evident. The numerous conferences and workshops and especially the concrete projects and initiatives have proven that sport, as a universal language, offers powerful ways to promote peace, tolerance and understanding, bringing people together across boundaries, ethnic groups and religions. From international sports events to community competitions, sport can help heal the wounds of war and sow the seeds of peace. Sport can contribute 10 to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by offering innovative and pragmatic solutions to the most urgent challenges of this world. Yet, in the midst of all the natural and man-made turmoil in the world today, many still seem to ignore that sport is a unique tool for personal, social and economic development. The momentum that has built up during IYSPE 2005 must continue. I want to encourage you to join this global effort through your active participation and thus help to create a better world for all through sport. The dialogue initiated between sport organizations, athletes, multilateral organizations and the United Nations, bilateral development agencies, Governments across all sectors, the armed forces, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector, research institutions, media, clubs and citizens must continue. Evidence, such as that provided through the examples, projects and initiatives assembled in this publication, is only useful when shared amongst the network and new potential partners. May this publication encourage, inspire and guide you, wherever in the world you are. Adolf Ogi Under-Secretary-General Special Adviser to the UN Secretary-General on Sport for Development and Peace Former President of the Swiss Confederation PREFACE 11 Acknowledgements Michael Kleiner 12 As the global coordinator for the International Year of Sport and Physical Education (IYSPE 2005), I wish to thank the members of the multidisciplinary and mostly informal IYSPE 2005 network: government officials, non-governmental organization project managers, scientific researchers, members of sports organizations and United Nation staffers for your personal commitment and for having made use of IYSPE 2005 to advance your own sport-based projects responding to a tremendous variety of needs around the world. This publication is an attempt to express gratitude for your participation in this commemoration and our hope for a lasting impact. I would like to acknowledge the vital and personal support offered by the Secretary-General of the United Nations; Mr. Kofi Annan has recognized the value of sport as a means to achieve the United Nations’ goals in the fields of human, social and economic development. Together with the unique and invaluable commitment of his Special Adviser on Sport for Development and Peace, former President of Switzerland, Mr.
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