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Home , Chyavanprash, Cinnamomum, Cinnamomum glaucescens, Cinnamomum tamala

Suresh Kumar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),480-484 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Pharmacological and pharmacognostical aspects of tamala Nees & Eberm Suresh Kumar*, Neeru Vasudeva and Sunil Sharma Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Received on:20-09-2011; Revised on: 15-10-2011; Accepted on:10-12-2011

ABSTRACT This study emphasizes detailed information of the , , (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm () which includes habitat, description, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological profile and safety aspects. The etymology is derived from the Greek word ‘kinnamomon’ (meaning ). The Greeks borrowed the word from the Phoenicians, indicating that they traded with the East from early times. The specific epithet ‘tamala’ is after a local name of the plant in India. The plant grows wild in the tropical and subtropical Himalayas, the Khasi hills, the Nilgiri hills and at the foot of the Himalayas. The bark of Cinnamomum tamala (C. tamala) is aromatic and used as stimulant, antigonorrhoeic, hypoglycaemic, stimulant, anti rheumatic and antidote for scorpion sting. In view of the above details collected, it can be inferred that the plant is very useful for the researchers to study in detail and to set their minds for approaching the efficacy and potency of .

Keywords, Cinnamomum tamala, Lauraceae, Volatile Oil, Pharmacological profile, Phytochemistry, Safety issues.

INTRODUCTION Cinnamomum tamala, (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm (Tejpat) belonging to malabathra for which they back formed a singular (to) malabathron. This family Lauraceae is widely distributed throughout tropical and sub-tropical name was then taken by the Romans as malabathrum or malobathrum [8]. , Australia, the Pacific region and [1]. In India it is found along the north–western Himalayas, in Sikkim, Assam, Mizoram and OTHER SPECIES OF CINNAMOMUM [2]. The tree is commercially known as Indian . It has been The genus contains over 300 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical used in traditional medicines as an astringent, stimulant, diuretic, carminative regions of North America, Central America, South America, Asia, Oceania and in cardiac disorders [3]. The of C. tamala have been used for and Australasia. All species tested so far are diploid, with the total number of flavouring food and as medicinal ingredient like in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chromosomes being 24. Some of the important species are C. acuminatifolium, inflammation, hepatotoxicity, diarrhoea etc. The leaves are used as a spice C. acuminatissimum, C. acutatum, C. africanum, C. aggregatum, C. alainii, C. and also as fodder. The essential oil from the leaves is also used as a flavouring alatum, C. albiflorum, C. alcinii, C. alexei, C. alibertii, C. alternifolium, C. altissimum, agent. The volatile oil has 81 components representing 94.1% of the total C. ammannii, C. amoenum, C. amplexicaule, C. amplifolium, C. anacardium, C. components present in the oil. The is the main component (66.1%) andersonii, C. angustifolium, C. angustitepalum, C. antillarum, C. appelianum, C. followed by spathulenol (4.8%), viridiflorene (2.4%) methyleugenol (1.9%), arbusculum, C. archboldianum, C. areolatocostae, C. areolatum, C. arfakense, C. aromadenendrene (1.5%) with other constituents in minor amounts [4]. The argenteum, C. aromaticum,C. arsenei, C. asa-grayi, C. assamicum, C. aubletii, C. bark has been used as a substitute for true , Cinnamomum zelanicum aureo-fulvum, C. australe, C. austro-sinense, C. austro-yunnanense, C. bahianum, Breyn [5]. Tejpat is generally harvested in dry and mild weather from October C. bahiense, C. baileyanum, C. baillonii, C. balansae, C. bamoense, C. barbato- to December and in some places, the collection is continued till the month of axillatum, C. barbeyanum, C. barlowii, C. bartheifolium, C. barthii, C. bazania, C. March [6]. On an average, a tree produces 10-25 kg of dry leaves and its 0.2- beccarii, C. bejolghota, C. bengalense, C. biafranum, C. bintulense, C. birmanicum, 0.4% oil can be extracted from leaves. Timely collection of leaf is important C. blumei, C. bodinieri, C. bonii, C. bonplandii, C. borneense, C. bourgeauvianum, since early and late collection may result in poor quality of the leaves or C. boutonii, C. brachythyrsum, C. bractefoliaceum, C. burmannii, C. camphora, C. essential oil [7]. cassia, C. caudiferum, C. chartophyllum, C. citriodorum, C. contractum, C. filipes, C. glanduliferum, C. glaucescens, C. ilicioides, C. impressinervium, C. iners, C. It is known by various names in different languages e.g. Indian cassia lignea japonicum, C. javanicum, C. jensenianum, C. kanehirae, C. kotoense, C. (English), Cinnamomum tamala (Latin), Tejpata (Bengali), Chai gui (Chienese), kwangtungense, C. liangii, C. longepaniculatum, C. longipetiolatum, C. loureiroi, C. Tejpat (Dogri), Malabathron (Greek), Tamal part (Gujrati), Tej-patta (), mairei, C. micranthum, C. migao, C. mercadoi, C. mollifolium, C. oliveri, C. Tamara-nikkei (Japanese), Patraka (Kannada), Patrak (Maithili), Tama patra osmophloeum, C. parthenoxylon, C. parthenoxylon, C. pauciflorum, C. philippinense, (Marathi), Tejpatta (Nepali), Tejpatra (Oriya), Tezpatta (Punjabi), Tejpatra C. pingbienense, C. pittosporoides, C. platyphyllum, C. porphyrium, C. porrectum, (), Patta akulu (Telgu), Tez pat (Urdu) etc [8]. C. reticulatum, C. rigidissimum, C. saxatile, C. septentrionale, C. sintoc Blume, C. subavenium, C. tenuipilum, C. tonkinense, C. triplinerve, C. tsangii, C. tsoi, C. The Sanskrit name tamalapattra means dark leaf, although that seems poorly validinerve, C. verum, C. virens, C. wilsonii [9]. motivated. Greek traders took that name to their own language, but falsely identified the Sanskrit word as a plural form with definite article, (ta) USES OF OIL

Therapeutic uses *Corresponding author. The oil of C. tamala is used in fever, fungus disease of skin, fractures, chan- Suresh Kumar, cre, eye disease, foul odour of body, disease of skin, diseases of oral cavity, Doctoral Research Scholar, dropsy, herpes, and in disorders of breast milk [10]. Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Industrial uses Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, The oil of the plant is extensively used as fragrance component in soaps, Hisar, -125001,India detergents, cosmetics, perfumes, toothpastes, and industrial fragrances [11].

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 480-484 Suresh Kumar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),480-484 SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION [12] PESTS AND DISEASES Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm. Glomerella cingulata causes leaf blight and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides a Kingdom : Plantae () fungus, causes leaf-spot diseases on C. tamala [15]. Sub kingdom : Tracheobionta (Vascular plants) [4] Super division : Spermatophyta (Seed plants) PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE Division : Spermatophyta (Seed plants) The leaf is mainly used for its volatile oil. The components of volatile oil are shown in Table 1. Class : Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons) Subclass : Magnoliidae Table 1. Composition of volatile oil of Cinnamomum tamala Order : Sr. No. Constituents Rel. Comp. (%) Family : Lauraceae (Laurel family) 1 a-Thujene 0.02 Genus : Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Cinnamon) 2 a-pinene 0.07 Species : Tamala 3 b-pinene 0.03 4 6-Methyl-5heptene-2-one trace Botanical name :Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm. 5 Myrcene 0.02 6 a-phellandrene 0.4 7 3-carene 0.02 PLANT DESCRIPTION 8 p-cymene 0.6 C. tamala is a medium sized evergreen tree 2-10 m tall and a girth of 150 cm. 9 Limonene Trace 10 1,8-cineole 0.4 The leaves are staked, opposite or sub opposite, elliptic-oblong, nerved from 11 p--2,4(8)-diene Trace the base, shining, leathery, entire, long pointed, new leaves are slightly pink- 12 terpinolene 0.03 ish tinged. The flowers are small, yellowish and bloom in the month of 13 p-cymenene Trace [13] 14 0.04 March to May . 15 Trans-pinocarveol Trace 16 Trace 17 Cis-verbenol Trace Cinnamon bark oil possesses the delicate aroma of the spice, a sweet and 18 Borneol 0.1 pungent taste. Its major constituent is cinnamaldehyde but other, minor 19 Terpinene-4ol 0.1 20 m-cymen-8-ol Trace components impart the characteristic odour and flavour. It is employed 21 p-cymen-8-ol 0.08 mainly in the flavouring industry where it is used in meat and fast food 22 a-terpineol 0.5 23 Trans-piperitol Trace seasonings, sauces and pickles, baked goods, confectionery, cola-type drinks, 24 Iso-dihydrocarveol 0.03 tobacco flavours and in dental and pharmaceutical preparations. Perfumery 25 (z)-cinnamaldehyde Trace 26 p-cumic aldehyde 0.03 applications are far fewer than in flavours because the oil has some skin- 27 Carvone Trace sensitizing properties, but it has limited use in perfumes. 28 Chavicol Trace 29 (e)-cinnamaldehyde 0.5 Cinnamon leaf oil has a warm, spicy, but rather harsh odour, lacking the 30 Anethol 0.2 31 p-cymen-7-ol Trace rich body of the bark oil. Its major constituent is eugenol rather than 32 Thymol 0.2 cinnamaldehyde. It is used as a flavouring agent for seasonings and savory 33 Carvacrol Trace 34 3-methoxyacetophenone 0.1 snacks. As a cheap fragrance it is added to soaps and insecticides. The oil’s 35 a-elemene 0.06 high eugenol content also makes it valuable as a source of this chemical for 36 a-cubebene 0.06 37 b-terpineol acetate Trace subsequent conversion into iso-eugenol, another flavouring agent. 38 Eugenol 66.1 39 b-elemene 0.3 40 Vanillaldehyde 0.2 Cassia oil is distilled from a mixture of leaves, twigs and fragments of bark. 41 a-gurjunene 0.1 Cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent and it is used mainly for flavouring 42 menthyleugenol 1.3 43 (E)- b- 1.9 cola-type drinks, with smaller amounts used in bakery products, sauces, 44 Sesquiterpene 0.2 confectionery and liqueurs. Like cinnamon bark oil, its use as a fragrance is 45 Aromadendrene 1.5 limited by its skin sensitizing properties [14]. 46 a-guaiene 0.1 47 a-humulene 0.4 48 Alloaromadendrene 0.5 CULTIVATION AND HARVESTING 49 Ethyl vanillin Trace 50 g -muurolene 0.6 The plant is cultivated/transplanted in the field 2 m apart with a recom- 51 d-germacrene 0.5 mended space of 3-4 m. Sufficient shade is provided in the early stages of 52 b-Eudesmene(b-selinene) Trace 53 Mixture of sesquiterpens 0.4 growth, and shade trees are cleared after 8-9 years. The fields are not usually 54 Viridiflorene 2.9 manured or otherwise cared for but undergrowth is occasionally removed. 55 g -cadinene 0.2 56 Sesquiterpenoid C15H26O 0.2 The ease with which essential oils can be obtained from this plant’s material 57 g -cadinene 1.1 makes it ideal for cash crop farming. Leaves are ready for harvesting when 58 eugenolacetate 0.1 59 a-cadinene 0.07 trees are 10 years. Tree longevity is up to 100 years, and they continue 60 a-calacorene 0.1 bearing in old age. Leaves are collected every year from vigorous plants and 61 Sesquiterpenoid C15H26O 0.09 62 Sesquiterpenoid C H O 0.2 in alternate years from old and weak ones. Collections are made in dry 15 24 63 Sesquiterpenoid C15H26O 0.2 weather from October-March. Small branches with leaves are dried in the sun 64 Elemicin Trace [15] 65 Sesquiterpenoid C H O 0.3 for 3 or 4 days and tied up into bundles for marketing . 15 26 66 Trans-nerolidol + Sesquiterpenoid C15H24O 0.2 68 Spathulenol 4.8 Both leaves and bark, called Dalchini, are harvested once a year. The collec- 69 Caryophyllene oxide Trace 70 Globulol+ Sesquiterpenoid C15H24O 1.6 tion period of leaves is from Ashoj (October) to Magh (February). However, 72 viridiflorol 0.6 the time of bark collection varies from Kartik-Poush (December–January), 73 Guaiol 0.5 74 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxy phenol 0.2 Baisakh-Jestha (May/June) according to the respondents. The reason for 75 10-epi- g -Eudesmol 0.3 76 Sesquiterpenoid C H O 1.5 choosing May to June for bark collection is for assessing the sprouting of 15 24 77 d -Cadinol(torreyol) 0.2 new leaves on lopped trees and to decide whether or not to debark if any leaf 78 a-cadinol 0.6 79 sesquiterpenoidC H O 0.2 has sprouted up. Factors such as age and height of tree and leaf collection 15 24 80 Coniferol 0.2 time are considered for leaf harvesting. Age and maturity are important con- 81 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 0.04 siderations for bark collection. In most cases, handpicking is preferred for 82 Farnesyl acetone 0.03 [7] leaf collection because the tools could injure the trees . Total 94.12 *Trace: Below 0.01% Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 480-484 Suresh Kumar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),480-484 PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Anti-hyperglycaemic activity The volatile oil appears as fluidy liquid with golden yellow colour and having The aqueous extract of C. tamala leaves showed anti-hyperglycaemic activ- camphoraceous aroma. The specific gravity, optical rotation and refractive ity at a dose of 125 and 250 mg/kg body weight respectively on streptozotocin index at 25 ºC are 0.88106 to 0.94497, (-) 10.5º to (-) 20.5º and 1.4870 to induced diabetic rats. Administration of the extracts at the dose of 250 mg/kg 1.4975 respectively. The acid number, ester number and ester number after body weight/day resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of fasting blood acetylation are 0.5 to 6.5, less than 65 and 100-145 respectively. It is soluble glucose and urine , with a concomitant increase in body weight. The in 0.4 to 2.5 vol. of 90% alcohol [16]. extract also produced a significant decrease in peroxidation products, viz., thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Reduced glutathione and glycogen PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE content, which had shown significant decrease following induction of diabe- The reported pharmacological activities of the plant C. tamala includes anti- tes, were found to be increased in the hepatic tissue of STZ-diabetic rats hyperglycemic, antidiarrhoeal, antihyperlipidemic, antioxygenic, anti-inflam- treated with the extract. STZ-diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract matory, acaricidal, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, antioxidant, (250mg/kg) significantly reversed all these changes to near normal [17]. antibacterial,a-amylase inhibitory and Immunomodulatory.

Fig.1 Graphical presentation of the plant Cinnamomum tamala

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 480-484 Suresh Kumar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),480-484 Antidiarrhoeal Activity dant enzyme levels of LPO and SOD were decreased while administering C. tamala leaves extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) produced a dose- plant at different doses compared with their control values. The dependent reduction in the total amount of faecal matter in castor oil-induced gastroprotective activity of C. tamala was probably due to its free radical diarrhoea. The mean distance travelled by charcoal meal at 50 and 100 mg/kg scavenging activity [24]. of extract showed a significant reduction in the secretion of gastrointestinal fluid accumulation by 32.5-65.0%. The Na(+) and K(+) concentrations on Antioxidant activity castor oil-induced fluid accumulation showed a greater inhibitory effect on A methanolic extract of showed antioxidant activity in vitro assays. Na(+) levels than on K(+) concentrations. C. tamala significantly reduced A significant increase in the levels of lipids and lipid peroxidation products the lipid peroxidation and increased the catalase activity in comparison to the [18] and a decline in antioxidant potential were observed in diabetic rat brain castor oil-induced groups . synaptosomes. The extract displayed scavenging activity against superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, the Antihyperlipidemic Activity extract showed inhibition of Fe (2+)-ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of C. tamala Nees. at a dose of both control and diabetic rat brain synaptosomes. Maximum inhibition of 400mg/kg /day p.o. for 10 days showed hypolipidemic effect in high choles- lipid peroxidation, radical scavenging action and reducing power of extract terol diet induced hyperlipidemia. The simultaneous administration of C. were observed at a concentration of 220 microgram. These effects of extract tamala Nees. leaves extracts significantly prevented the rise in serum levels in vitro were comparable with that of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), a of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, VLDL-C and atherogenic index [19] synthetic antioxidant. The synaptosomes from diabetic rats are susceptible whereas significant increases in the level of HDL-C was observed . to oxidative damage and the positive effects of bay leaf in vitro, could be attributed to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals [25]. Anti-inflammatory activity The anti-inflammatory effect of the aqueous extract of C. tamala leaves at Antibacterial activity dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg showed anti-inflammatory effect by various The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Cinnamomum tamala demonstrated in vivo and in vitro screening methods. The acute inflammation was evalu- potential antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains belonging to En- ated by carrageenan induced paw edema in rats and acetic acid-induced vascular terobacteriaceae, viz., Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048, Escherichia coli permeability in mice. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of extract (concen- ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM2719, Proteus mirabilis NCIM trations 0.2 – 1 mg/ml) was evaluated by membrane stabilizing activity i.e. 2241, Proteus vulgaris NCTC8313, and Salmonella typhimurium red blood cells (RBC’s) exposed to hypotonic solution in triplicate. The ATCC23564. The alcoholic extract was found more active than aqueous plant extract inhibited significantly and dose dependently edema induced by extract. The most susceptible bacterium was K. pneumoniae, while the most carrageenan in rats also reduced significantly acetic acid-induced vascular resistant bacteria were S. typhimurium and E. coli [26]. permeability in mice. The extract exhibited significant membrane-stabilizing property in concentration dependent manner up to 1mg/ml in vitro models [20] a-amylase inhibitory activity when compared with Indomethacin . The methanol and successive water extract of bark of C. tamala showed a- amylase inhibition for antidiabetic activity. The percentage inhibition values Antioxygenic activity of methanol and successive water extract of bark were found to be 97.49% The tejpat showed the pro- or antioxygenic activity in refined sunflower oil 0 and 93.78% respectively. Similarly, IC50 values of methanol and successive at 37 C. Tejpat and its fractions containing chlorophyll showed pro-oxy- water extract of the C. tamala were found to be 1.80 and 5.53. The methanol genic activity and the catalytic action increased with increase in concentra- extract of C. tamala showed high potent activity than successive water tion of chlorophyll in the fractions. However fractions which did not contain extracts [13]. chlorophyll were devoid of pro-oxygenic activity [21]. Immunomodulatory activity Acaricidal activity The hexane and solvent free extract (CTH) of dried powder of C. tamala The aqueous extracts from leaf and barks of tree species of C. tamala leaves showed immunomodulatory activity when given orally to rats for (Lauraceae) showed acaricidal properties against two-spotted spider mite, 10 days, in various doses. Its effect was studied on peritoneal macrophage Tetranychus urticae and Neoseiulus longispinosus Evans (phytoseiid mite), [22] functions, and was compared with ascorbic acid (1,000 mg/kg, immune-stimu- a common potential predator often found associated with T. urticae . lant) and cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg, immune-suppressant). CTH signifi-

cantly suppressed phagocytosis activity (EC50 2,355 ± 52.45 mg/kg), re- Hepatoprotective activity duced production of superoxide (EC 275.91 ± 10.21 ìg/ml) and cellular The methanolic extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves showed 50 NADPH (EC50 384.959 ± 4.85 ìg/ml) content in concentration dependent hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in manner. It also inhibited LPS induced production of nitric oxide (EC Swiss albino mice at two different doses 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. 50 143.75 ± 3.40 ìg/ml) and iNOS protein expression (EC 50 183.132 ìg/ml). The The liver marker enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, serum bilirubin and other non-polar hexane fraction of leaves of C. tamala possesses immunosuppres- metabolic parameters total cholesterol, HDL were evaluated in all the experi- sive property, which may be mediated through modulation of innate immu- mental groups. The changes in liver function parameters were significant nity [27]. comparing with disease control and efficacy was comparable with standard drug silymarin. The efficacy of the extract was found to be dose dependent SAFETY ISSUES manner. The histopathology study of liver also evidenced for hepatoprotective The plant may cause irritation to skin and mucous membranes, therefore it is activity of C. tamala by showing improved architecture of liver cells in the [23] best to use in low doses. Avoid using on individuals with sensitive or dam- treatment groups . aged skin. It may be sensitizing. The oil is not be used with children under two years old. Dilute oils high in cinnamaldehyde, blends very well, with Gastroprotective effects other skin nourishing oils in the blend [28]. Dried bay leaf has been reported The C. tamala leaves at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 5 days to cause upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding in Slovenia. It may also cause showed gastroprotective effects against ethanol, cold-restraint stress and asthma [29]. pylorus ligation induced ulcers. A significant reduction in lesion index was observed in ulcer-induced animals treated with plant at different doses when EMOTIONAL AND ENERGETIC QUALITIES compared with ulcerated rats. A significant decrease occurred in the level of + + The plant uplifts mood, refreshes and offers emotional protection. It also H K ATPase, volume of gastric juice, and acid output. Simultaneously the eases difficult emotional transitions and reduces fatigue [28]. level of gastric wall mucus and pH were increased significantly. The antioxi- Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 480-484 Suresh Kumar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),480-484 HERBAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING CINNAMOMUM TAMALA some Indian medicinal plants in alloxan diabetic rats, Journal of Ayurvedic Chyavanprash, It is used in maintaining youthfulness, vigor, Ethnopharmacology, 2003,84(1),105-108. 14. Jantan I and Goh SH, The essential oils of Cinnamomum mollissimum vitality of the body and keeping away aging process, senility and debility. It as natural sources of safrole and benzyl benzoate, Journal of Tropical [30] maintains the proper functioning of the cells and rejuvenates the cells . Forest Science, 1990, 2(3), 252-259. 15. R, Kumanan, S, Manimaran, Khan Saleemulla, S,P, Dhanabal, M,J, Saubhagya Shunthi Churna, It is a herbal remedy for puerperal women Nanjan, Screening of bark of Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) by [31]. using a-amylase inhibition assay for anti-diabetic activity, Int J Pharm Biomed Res, 2010, 1(2), 69-72. Spy Cream (Sexotex), It is currently being marketed to treat poor erection, 16. Bradu BL and Sobti SN, Cinnamomum tamala in NW Himalayas, impotency and premature ejaculation [32]. Evaluation of various chemical types for perfumery value, Indian Perfumer, 1988,32(4),334-340. Ashwagandharishta-T and Ashwagandharishta-M, It is used as Diuretic 17. Usha Chakraborty and Hariswami Das, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant [33]. Activities of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts in Stz-Treated Diabetic Rats, Global Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, 2010, CONCLUSION 5 (1), 12-18. A keen interest in therapeutic properties of C. Tamala has led to numerous in 18. Rao CV, Vijayakumar M, Sairam K, Kumar V, Antidiarrhoeal activity vitro and in vivo animal studies. The scientific research on C. tamala suggests of the standardised extract of Cinnamomum tamala in experimental a huge biological potential of this plant. It is strongly believed that detailed rats, Journal of natural medicines, 2008, 62(4), 396-402. information as presented in this review on the phytochemical and various 19. Dhulasavant V, Shinde S, Pawar M, Naikwade NS, Antihyperlipidemic biological properties of the extracts might provide detailed evidence for the Activity of Cinnamomum tamala Nees, on High Cholesterol Diet use of this plant in different medicines. Further work still needs to be carried Induced Hyperlipidemia, International Journal of PharmTech Re- out on the human beings. Thus with the matter collected in this article we can search, 2010, 2(4), 2517-2521. scientifically work clinically for various other pharmacological interrelated 20. Gambhire MN, Juvekar AR, Wankhede SS, Anti-inflammatory activ- activities. ity of aqueous extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves by in vivo and in vitro methods, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2009, 2(9), 1521- REFERENCES 1524. 1. Gupta R, Bajpai KG, Johri S, Saxena AM, An overview of 253 Indian 21. Semwal AD, Sharma G?K, Arya S?S, Pro-or antioxygenic activity of novel traditional medicinal plants with anti-diabetic potentials, Afr J tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in Trad CAM, 2008, 5, 1-17. sunflower oil, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 1999, 2. Dighe VV, Gursale AA, Sane RT, Menon S, Patel PH, Quantitative 79(12), 1733–1736. Determination of Eugenol from Cinnamomum tamala Nees and 22. 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Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 480-484