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I eBooks Medicinal Plants and Its Therapeutic Uses Edited by: Birla Kshetrimayum ISBN: 978-1-63278-074-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/978-1-63278-074-4-075 Published Date: January, 2017 Printed Version: November, 2016 Published by OMICS Group eBooks 731 Gull Ave, Foster City, CA 94404, USA. Copyright © 2016 OMICS Group All book chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, users who aim to disseminate and distribute copies of this book as a whole must not seek monetary compensation for such service (excluded OMICS Group representatives and agreed collaborations). After this work has been published by OMICS Group, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice: Statements and opinions expressed in the book are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. A free online edition of this book is available at www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders @ www.esciencecentral.org/ebooks I eBooks Preface Medicinal plants are an important part of our natural resources as they serve as an important therapeutic agents as well as valuable raw materials for manufacturing of various traditional and modern medicines. The history of medicinal plants used for treating diseases and ailments is probably dates back to the beginning of human civilization. Our forefathers are compelled to use any natural substances that they could find to ease their suffering caused by acute and chronic illness, wound injuries and even terminal illness. Since ancient time plants with therapeutic properties have secured an important place in the healing practices and treatment of diseases. In the many developing countries, traditional medicines are still the mainstay of the healthcare, and most of the drugs and cures from the natural resources such as plants. Even in the develop countries, the raw materials for manufacturing essential drugs are extracted from medicinal plants, harnessing its natural properties of healing and curing diseases. Increasingly more people are turning to herbal remedies especially for treatment of minor ailments. However, the inclination towards the revival and use of medicinal plants has resulted in a few undesirable outcomes. Medicinal plants abundant in supply are not infinite and with the widespread use and extraction, medicinal plants are on the verge of depletion. There are no visible and concerted effort geared towards conservation and wise use of medicinal plants, the supply which dwindling given the threats and increasing demand, a rapid increasing in human population and rampant destruction of plant rich habitats such as tropical forests. At the current rate of consumption and used. The status of medicinal plants is threatened risking our own future benefits and knowledge. Thus the principal aim of the book is to provide information on the important ethno- medicinal plants of India especially North Eastern India which is part of the Indo Burma biodiversity hotspots of the world about the traditional knowledge of medicinal uses of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases by various communities, the phytochemicals and phytochemistry of various medicinal plants including anti- parasitic effects and lastly their biodiversity, sustainable used as well as mode of conservation. I believed that this book is one of the pioneering encyclopedia compilations that can provide information of many different medicinal plants at glance. I think that this book will be useful to the people interested in medicinal plants researches and this book is intended for Scientists, Post-Doctoral Fellows, Academicians and Research Scholars. However, it will also be useful to post graduate and graduate students as well as health professionals. I hope, this book will encourage them to discuss certain innovative things and aspects on the therapeutic uses of medicinal plants, their sustainable uses as well as conservation in order to provide an ideal platform for the isolation, purification and characterization of known bioactive/novel compounds present in these medicinal plants to synthesize future potential drugs against various diseases for the benefit of mankind. II eBooks About Editor Birla Kshetrimayum, Ph.D. is working as a Senior Assistant Professor and teaching Zoology in the Pachuunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, India since the year 2007. He did his Bachelor of Sciences (B.Sc.) from Manipur University, Canchipur and then obtained his Master of Science (M.Sc.) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Degree from the Department of Zoology (Centre for Advance Studies), Panjab University Chandigarh, India. He did his Post-Doctoral Research in a highly competitive International Research project entitled “Role of Zn2+ ion in Cell Signaling and Phosphorylation” sponsored by BBSRC, UK at the Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicines, Kings College, University of London, Waterloo Campus, United Kingdom. His field of specialization is Animal Physiology and Biochemistry and has more than 10 years of teaching and research experiences. His area of research interests are trace mineral nutrition research, metals metabolism, metabolic syndrome-X, gene polymorphism in diseases and recently natural products studies. He has to his credit more than 30 research papers in the journals of International repute, 1 books, 2 edited proceedings, and 7(six) book chapters. Some of the high impact factor journals where he published his research works were Coordination Chemistry Review (CCR), Bio Metals, Food and Nutrition Sciences (FNS), Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine (APJTM), Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB) etc. One of the research publications from his Ph.D. works was selected as “2nd Best Biomedical Article” released by the US National Library of Medicine in its lists of “World’s Top 50 publications” for the year 2005-2012. He is currently acting as an Editorial board member of the 5 Research Journals of International repute and has reviewed more than 20 research papers from the journals of International repute. He has successfully completed 2 major and 3 minor research projects as Principal investigator/Coordinator from the various funding agencies in India like Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi and University Grant Commission (UGC), New Delhi. 1(one) research scholar has been successfully awarded Ph.D. degree from Mizoram University, Aizawl under his supervision. He has also presented 27 research papers in many International/national level seminars in India as well as overseas countries like III Cambridge, UK, Bangkok, Thailand, Singapore and South Korea etc. He also has organized 4 National level seminars/workshops as a full time “Convener” during the last 5 years. He is currently life member of 5 professional academic bodies in India and abroad namely Indian Sciences Congress Association(ISCA), Kolkata, The Nutrition Society of India, Hyderabad, India Bird Conservation Network (IBCN), Mumbai, North East Research Forum, Guwahati and Asia-Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society (APCBEES), Hong Kong. IV Forewords I am happy to learn that Birla Kshetrimayum, Ph.D is editing an E-book titled “Medicinal Plants and its Therapeutic Uses”. I am pleased to learn that the contents of this E-book were outcome of cutting-edge researches carried out by senior and young scientists from different reputed institutions of India. I am sure this E-book will be useful to other scientists, academicians and students working in the field of natural product research and its allied disciplines. With best wishes (Dr. S. Shantikumar Singh) Assistant Professor Department of Statistics Manipur University, Canchipur-795003 (Imphal), Manipur V eBooks Acknowledgement Publication of book involves consistent and dedicated mind regarding the strenuous and hard labour put in it. Here, it is a combine sense of pride and great privilege for me to get this golden opportunity to express my profound gratitude and admiration to Professor Wolfgang Maret of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Kings College, University of London, who had given me valuable suggestions and encouragements during the of compilation of this book. I am grateful to Dr. Tawnenga, Principal, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl for providing me necessary facilities during my research works which provide me a platform to carry out an advance research in order to get International recognization in the domain field of natural products researches which ultimately provide me an avenue to act as a single editor of this E-book. I owe my immense gratitude to Dr. Jay Prakash Rajan, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram
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