Bul. Dept. Pl. Res. No. 38 (A Scientific Publication) Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 ISSN 1995 - 8579 Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources No. 38 PLANT RESOURCES Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Plant Resources Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 Advisory Board Mr. Rajdev Prasad Yadav Ms. Sushma Upadhyaya Mr. Sanjeev Kumar Rai Managing Editor Sudhita Basukala Editorial Board Prof. Dr. Dharma Raj Dangol Dr. Nirmala Joshi Ms. Keshari Maiya Rajkarnikar Ms. Jyoti Joshi Bhatta Ms. Usha Tandukar Ms. Shiwani Khadgi Mr. Laxman Jha Ms. Ribita Tamrakar No. of Copies: 500 Cover Photo: Hypericum cordifolium and Bistorta milletioides (Dr. Keshab Raj Rajbhandari) Silene helleboriflora (Ganga Datt Bhatt), Potentilla makaluensis (Dr. Hiroshi Ikeda) Date of Publication: April 2016 © All rights reserved Department of Plant Resources (DPR) Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-4251160, 4251161, 4268246 E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Name of the author, year of publication. Title of the paper, Bul. Dept. Pl. Res. N. 38, N. of pages, Department of Plant Resources, Kathmandu, Nepal. ISSN: 1995-8579 Published By: Mr. B.K. Khakurel Publicity and Documentation Section Dr. K.R. Bhattarai Department of Plant Resources (DPR), Kathmandu,Ms. N. Nepal. Joshi Dr. M.N. Subedi Reviewers: Dr. Anjana Singh Ms. Jyoti Joshi Bhatt Prof. Dr. Ram Prashad Chaudhary Mr. Baidhya Nath Mahato Dr. Keshab Raj Rajbhandari Ms. Rose Shrestha Dr. Bijaya Pant Dr. Krishna Kumar Shrestha Ms. Shushma Upadhyaya Dr. Bharat Babu Shrestha Dr. Mahesh Kumar Adhikari Dr. Sundar Man Shrestha Dr. Dharma Raj Dangol Dr. Mohan Shiwakoti Dr. Tri Bikram Bhattarai Dr. Geeta Vaidhya Shrestha Dr. Nirmala Joshi Ms. Keshari Maiya Rajkarnikar The issue can be retrieved from http://www.dpr.gov.np Government of Nepal 4261966 4261967 MINISTRY OF FORESTS & SOIL CONSERVATION % { 4251160 4251161 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT RESOURCES Fax No.: 4251141 VANSAPATI MARGA Ref. No.: THAPATHALI, KATHMANDU FOREWORD Nepal is a rich in natural resources with geographic and climatic diversity which culminates into a great diversity of flora and fauna including endemic flora and fauna. Nepal is one of the important places for scientists, naturalists and researchers in unveiling natural treasures. The Department of Plant Resources (DPR) is engaged in developing new methods and technique in plant resources in conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits to enhance livelihood of rural people. Since its establishment in 2016 B.S., this department has been involved in plant exploration, taxonomical identification, ecological studies, mycology, anatomy, ethnobotany, biotechnology ,study of active chemical constituents, biological activity of active ingredients, bio-prospecting etc. With our long time dedication and expertise, we have been successful in bringing out the valuable publications such as local flora, fascicles, checklists, MSDS of MAPs and catalogues of flowering as well as non-flowering plants of Nepal. In addition to this department has developed generic guidelines for Good Agriculture Practices (GAP) and Good Cultivation Practices (GCP) of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) as national standard. The department also conducts phytochemical screening researches for bio-prospecting of unexplored plant of Nepal. Being one of the parties to the Convention on Biological diversity 1992, Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action plan 2014-2020 has given emphasis on the publication of all the volumes of Nepal Flora by 2020. Volume 3 and companion volume to the Flora of Nepal have already been published in collaboration with Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, UK, Society of Himalayan Botany, Japan, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) and Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University. Furthermore emphasis is given to the accreditation of laboratories of DPR. The laboratory accreditation is in the process and first assessment of laboratory has been carried out by National Accreditation Body for Testing and Calibration Laboratory (NABL), India. For dissemination of information on the activities, we conduct seminar, workshops, interactions, publish newsletters and scientific bulletins. I hope the present bulletin of Plant Resource will provide adequate materials to the interested readers, researchers, students and concerned stakeholders. I would like to thank the painstaking efforts of all the paper contributors, editorial board members, reviewers and staffs of Publicity and Documentation Section of DPR to bring out this publication in this form. ……………………………. Rajdev Prasad Yadav Director General April 2016 Editorial We are pleased to bring out the present issue of Plant Resource “Bull.Dept.Pl.Res.No. 38”, a continuation of research publication by Department of Plant Resources (DPR). The issue carries a score of peer reviewed articles based on original research. Since this publication intends to highlight on the scope and objectives of our Department, we are aware that the publication should accommodate as many articles as possible so that it represents the work of DPR. And at the same time we are also aware of the need to produce the scientific quality and integrity of the research articles. 20 articles have been incorporated in this issue under different categories like systematic botany, ethnobotanical study, floristic survey, ecology, biotechnology, study of the effect of active chemical constituents of plants on the live animals and biological study (Microbiological). This issue also includes a special article on Endemic Flowering Plants of Nepal. Nepal is rich not only in floristic and faunal diversity but also on endemism due to its phytogeographical diversity. We encourage our scientists to pursue quality research and contribute to build scientific knowledge on phytochemical screening and pharmaceutical researches for bio-prospecting of unexplored plant of Nepal . The reviewers of the articles published here have contributed much of their knowledge and time to justify the quality of research articles. We heartily thank them all. We duely acknowledge the contribution of contributors for their interest in publishing their valued work in this publication and looking forward to further cooperation and collaboration with other scientific institution. We value the comments and opinion of our contributors and readers. We apologize in advance for any lapses in this issue and at the same time promise to improve the future issues based on your valued input. Revised checklist to the mycotaxa proposed from Nepal M. K. Adhikari GPO Box no. 21758, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected] Abstract The proposed mycotaxa accumulated since the works of Berkely (1854) from Nepal are revised based on 156 published papers for their endemism.The papers record about 5 monotypic taxa and 203 species of mycobiota gathered from different regions of Nepalese Himalayan belt. At present, the list shows 131 endemic species. Among them the nomenclature of 120 taxa remains as proposed, while 11 species have undergone synonyms. Sixtyfour species have been recorded to occure in other countries.Two taxa remains invalid. Key words : Endemic taxa, distribution, synonyms, Nepal Himalaya Introduction Nepal Himalaya has been considered as centre for Several papers on the newly proposed mycotaxa origin, appearance and dominance of number of have accumulated since the works of Berkeley mycobiota and their distribution pattern between (1854) gathered in different regons of Nepalese high and low altitude forms, the present number of Himalayan belts. Many mycobiota still await their species is 10 times smaller in comparison to India discovery. Revision is sough necessary in time to (Adhikari 1990ab, 2000, 2009, 2014a). Yet the time as there is much change in taxonomic mycoflora Nepal serves as a connecting link with treatments of the taxa. (Adhikari, 1992, 2009). A Sino-Japanese, Western and Central Asiatic, North glimpse to the proposed taxa can be found in the East American, partly North African and mostly literatures like: ‘History of mycological explorations Indian subcontinent. The eastern sector shows some in Nepal’ (Adhikari, 1990), Adhikari (1992), of the flora characteristic to South-East Asia, while Berkeley (1839, 1847), ‘Cryptogams of the the rest shows their affinity with the North- West Himalayas’ vol. 3: Pakistan and Nepal’ (1995 – see Himalayan elements. Adhikari (2000, 2014ab) also considered 3 mycogeographic regions on the basis Ono et al.), ‘Mushrooms of Nepal’ (Adhikari, 2000, of findings of Amauroderma rugosum in (Sanghu, 2014b), ‘Researches on the Nepalese Mycoflora, Dhankuta) Eastern Himalaya and Aecidium urticae part 1 (Adhikari, 2009) & 2 (Adhikari, 2012) and in (Bajhang) North-West Himalaya, which supports ‘Biodiversite des Basidiomycetes au Nepal: etude the view of Stearn (1960) to be divided into 3 systematique et biogeographique. Specialite phytogeographic regions. The horizontal and vertical Ecologie-Mycoloique’ (Adhikari, 1996). distribution of many mycoflora in Nepal coincides Till now 721 genera 2467 species 5 gen.nov. and well with the phytogeographical division proposed 203 sp. nov. have been reported (Adhikari, 2000, by Dobremez (1972). The alpine zone is rich in many 2009, 2014b) from different regions of Nepalese endemic mycobiotypes. Some species from the subtropical and tropical zones include pantropical Himalayan belt. The revised list shows that among