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Part III Appendices

Conversion Factors 1192

Glossary 1193

List of Families and Genera 1199

Index of Authors 1202

Index of Common Names 1206

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Metric to English

To convert from To Multiply by

millimeters sixteenths of an inch 0.6301 millimeters eighths of an inch 0.3150 millimeters fifths of an inch 0.1968 millimeters fourths of an inch 0.1574 millimeters thirds of an inch 0.1181 millimeters halves of an inch 0.07874 millimeters inches 0.03937 centimeters inches 0.3937 meters feet 3.281 number per hectoliter number per bushel 0.3524 kilograms per hectoliter pounds per bushel 0.777 grams per hectoliter ounces per bushel 0.0124 number per kilogram number per pound 0.4536 number per gram number per pound 453.6 number per gram number per ounce 28.35 number per square meter number per square foot 0.0929 number per linear meter number per linear foot 0.3048 degrees Centigrade (°C) degrees Fahrenheit (EF) (1.8 H °C) + 32 hectares acres 2.471

English to metric

To convert from To Multiply by

sixteenths of an inch millimeters 1.587 eighths of an inch millimeters 3.175 fifths of an inch millimeters 5.080 fourths of an inch millimeters 6.350 thirds of an inch millimeters 8.467 halves of an inch millimeters 12.70 inches centimeters 2.540 feet meters 0.3048 number per bushel number per hectoliter 2.838 pounds per bushel kilograms per hectoliter 1.287 ounces per bushel grams per hectoliter 80.44 number per pound number per kilogram 2.205 number per pound number per gram 0.002205 number per ounce number per gram 0.03527 number per square foot number per square meter 10.76 number per linear foot number per linear meter 3.281 degrees Fahrenheit (EF) degrees Centigrade (°C) 0.55 H (°F - 32) acres hectares 0.4047

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Glossary

abortive imperfectly or incompletely developed, as bisexual having functional male and female reproductive abortive seed. organs in the same flower (synonym = complete flower, per- abscission natural separation of leaves, flowers, and fruit fect flower, hermaphrodite; compare unisexual). from plants generally associated with deterioration of a bract 1. modified leaf subtending a flower or flower clus- specialized layer of thin-walled cells. ter. 2. modified leaf subtending a scale in female cones. achene small, dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit with seed broadcast sowing scattering seed uniformly over an area attached to ovary wall at only 1 point as in Cowanina and (synonym = broadcast seeding). Eriogonum; or pericarp fused with calyx tube and embryo, completely filling the ovarian cavity as in Artemesia and browse 1. any woody vegetation consumed by livestock Chrysothamnus. and wild animals, mainly ungulates. 2. the act of eating such material. after-ripening biochemical or physical processes occur- ring in seeds, bulbs, tubers, and fruit after harvesting; often bur prickly or spiny casing around a fruit; the involucre in necessary for germination or resumption of growth. Castanea and Fagus. agamospermy a type of apomixis in which seeds develop calyx outermost whorl of floral parts (sepals). from female gametophyte tissue without fertilization as in capitulum an aggregation of small flower heads into an Amelanchier, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, and Rubus. unusually dense terminal cluster as in Gutierrezia. aggregate fruit formed from a cluster of ripened ovaries of capsule dry, dehiscent, usually many-seeded fruit com- separate pistils of a single flower, as in Maclura, Magnolia, posed of two or more fused carpels as in Kalmia, and Rubus. (Compare multiple fruit and simple fruit; Koelreuteria, and Populus. synonym = syncarp). carpel simple pistil or single member or a compound allele an alternative form of a gene (at a given locus) dif- pistil. fering in DNA sequence. If the array contains more than 2 carpellary pertaining to a carpel. genes, the genes are called multiple alleles. Multiple alleles carpellate having carpels. arise by repeated mutations of a gene, each with different effects. No more than 2 alleles can be present in a given caruncle a fleshy protuberance at or surrounding the (diploid organism). hilum of some seeds as in Philadelphus. ament see catkin. catkin spike of unisexual flowers or fruits with imbricated scaly bracts as in Alnus and Betula. (synonym = ament; anatropous having an ovule inverted at an early stage of (compare strobile). growth, so that the micropyle points toward the funicle, as in Eriogonum. cauliflory production of flowers and fruits directly on the trunk or branches of certain trees as in Cercis. angiosperm member of the group of vascular flowering plants having seeds that develop in a carpellary ovary certified seed(s) seedlot attested by a designated certify- (compare gymnosperm). ing agency to be from trees of known identity and produced so as to assure that identity (compare selected seeds and anthesis 1. stage of full flower expansion. 2. bursting of source-identified seeds). pollen sacs with release of pollen. cline a continuous gradient of phenotype or genotype apomixis any form of reproduction involving generative tis- within a species range; usually associated with a gradient in sue, but without fertilization (compare agamospermy). an environmental factor over the range of the population. apophysis 1. an enlargement or swelling of the surface of clone 1. group of genetically identical plants produced by an organ. 2. visible portion of a scale in a closed cone. vegetatively propagating a single plant; 2. a cell line of a aril exterior covering of appendage of certain seeds that single-cell origin (compare ortet, ramet). develops after fertilization as an outgrowth from the point of cold hardiness test a test that estimates physiological attachment of the ovule as in Celastrus and Euonymus. condition of a seedling by determining the minimum asexual reproduction reproduction without fertilization; temperature to which the seedling can be exposed without reproduction by purely vegetative means accomplished in suffering observable cold injury. woody plants usually by rooting stem cuttings, air-layering, combining ability a statistical value indicating the capaci- grafting, or budding. ty of a parent to transmit genetic superiority to its offspring. autogamy self-fertilization; pollination of a flower with complete flower see bisexual. its own pollen; may occur in Kalmia, for example. berry fleshy indehiscent fruit developed from a single pis- til and containing 1 or more seeds as in Berberis, Diospryros, and Ribes.

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cone 1. the dry, woody strobilus of a gymnosperm. A double dormancy dormancy as a result of two or more female cone consists of a central axis supporting imbricat- primary factors, such as embryo dormancy and seedcoat ed bracts each of which subtends a scale bearing naked dormancy. (noncarpellate) seeds. A male cone consists of a central drupe fleshy, usually 1-seeded, indehiscent fruit with seed axis supporting spirally arranged microsporophylls each of enclosed in a hard, bony endocarp as in Chionanthus, which bears pollen sacs containing pollen grains (syn- Cornus, and Prunus. onym= strobilus). 2. any seed-bearing structure having elaiosome a fleshy appendage of oil-storing tissue around conical shape as in Magnolia and Liriodendron. the hilum as in Ulex. conelet immature female strobilus (cone) of gymno- ecotype see race. sperms, sometimes described as a flower. embryo dormancy dormancy maintained by agents or coriaceous leather-like. conditions within the mature seed. Compare internal corolla inner set of floral leaves consisting of separate or dormancy. fused petals that surround the carpels. endocarp inner layer of the pericarp; e.g., the hard, bony corymb a flat-topped floral cluster as in Rhododendron part of the fruit of Prunus. and Kalmia. endosperm triploid storage tissue surrounding the cotyledons modified leaves developed in the embryo of a embryo in seeds of some angiosperms and consisting of seed. They may contain stored food for the initial growth of thin-walled cells rich in carbohydrates. The comparable tis- the seedling as in Quercus or they may become functional sue in seeds of gymnosperms is haploid tissue called the leaves after gemination as in Pinus. megagametophyte (often called endosperm by mistake). cryptogeal germination type of seed germination in epicarp see exocarp. which the seeds germinate on the surface of the soil, then epicotyl portion of the axis of a plant embryo or seedling the cotyledonary stalks elongate, pushing the hypocotyl, stem between the cotyledons and the primary leaves. plumule, and radicle into the soil as in Araucaria. Compare Compare plumule. epigeal and hypogeal germination. epicotyl dormancy a condition in which the radicle cyme flower cluster having main and secondary axes emerges and develops in the fall, but the epicotyl remains each terminating in a single flower as in Sambucus, dormant or slightly emerges and becomes dormant again, Viburnum, and Sorbus. then develops normally in the spring as in some species of deciduous abscission at the end of the growing season, as Aesculus and Quercus. deciduous leaves, or at certain stages of development, such epigeal type of seed germination in which the cotyledons as flower petals after fertilization of the ovules, or female are forced above the ground by elongation of the hypocotyl cones after seeds are disseminated. (compare hypogeal and cryptogeal germination). dehiscence splitting open at maturity to discharge con- exocarp outermost layer of pericarp; the skin on fleshy tents, as a capsule discharging seeds or an anther discharg- fruits as in Cornus, Malus, and Prunus (synonym = epicarp). ing pollen (compare anthesis). F1 first filial generation of offspring from a cross between determinate flowering terminal flowers blooming slight- 2 parents. ly in advance of their nearest associates (compare indeter- minate flowering). F2 second filial generation of offspring produced by inter- crossing or selfing among the F individuals. dichogamy maturation of male and female organs on the 1 same plant at different times, thus preventing self-pollina- fecundity the number of eggs, seeds, or offspring in the tion. If the staminate (male) flowers appear first, the plant is first stage of the life cycle produced by an individual. protandrous. If the pistillate (female) flowers appear first, female cone see cone, strobilus. the plant is protogynous. If both conditions can occur in a fertilization penetration of a pollen tube through the genus, it is said to be heterodichogamous, as in Zuckia. embryo sac into the ovule (egg cell), discharge of the male dioecious having staminate (male) flowers and pistillate nucleus into the ovule, and union of the male nucleus with (female) flowers borne on different individual plants as in that of the ovule. Acer, Fraxinus, and Ilex (compare monoecious). florocane second-year canes in Rubus that produce diploid having 2 sets of chromosomes (2n), usually 1 set flowers (compare primocane). from each parent. follicle dry, dehiscent fruit, opening along one line of dormancy a physiological state in which a seed predis- suture, as in the individual fruits of a Magnolia cone and the posed to germinate does not, even in the presence of favor- single fruits of Zanthoxylum. able environmental conditions; also applies to comparable fruit the seed-bearing unit of angiosperms developed after conditions in growth of all plant parts (compare seedcoat fertilization by a sperm cell from a pollen grain; it is the dormancy, embryo dormancy, epicotyl dormancy, and mature, ripened ovary and all of its associated protective double dormancy). covers, appendages, and su1194pporting structures.

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fruit wall outer layer of fruits in which pericarp is not dis- head densely packed cluster of stalkless flowers as in tinguishable from the seedcoat as in the achenes of Cornus, Baccharis, and Cephalanthus (synonym = capitu- Baccharis (synonym = pericarp). lum). full seeds those filled with tissue having a normal appear- hermaphrodite see bisexual. ance as distinguished from empty or partially empty seeds heterodichogamous see dichogamy. (compare sound seeds). heterozygous having 1 or more sets of unlike alleles, e.g., funiculus stalk of an ovule. the dominant with the recessive gene. A heterozygote does fusiform radicles spindle-shaped radicles formed in not generally breed true and is known as a hybrid with cryptogeal germination as in Araucaria. respect to the genes in question (compare homozygous). gametophyte the haploid generation in organisms that hilum scar on a seed marking the point of attachment to alternate haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations. the ovary in angiosperms or to the megasporophyll of gym- geitonogamy pollination of a flower by pollen from nosperms. another flower on the same plant. hip the ripened “false fruit” of Rosa species, consisting of gene the smallest transmissible unit of genetic material a fleshy receptacle that contains many achenes. consistently associated with a single primary genetic effect. homozygous having 1 or more sets of like alleles, e.g., both genetic diversity the genetic variability within a popula- dominant (AA), or both recessive (aa). A homozygote tion or a species. breeds true when mated with the same genotype (compare heterozygous). genetic gain average improvement among progeny over the mean for the parents with respect to the characteristics husk outside envelope of a fruit, especially if coarse, used in selecting the parents. harsh, or rough as in the involucre of Carya. genome a complete haploid set of chromosomes as found hypantheum a cup-like receptacle usually derived from in a gamete. the fusion of floral parts as in Purshia. genotype 1. an individual’s hereditary (genetic) constitu- hypocotyl that part of the embryonic axis which is between tion; it interacts with the environment to produce the pheno- the cotyledons and the radicle. In seedlings, the juvenile type. 2. Individual(s) characterized by a certain genetic stem which is between the cotyledons and the roots. constitution (compare phenotype). hypogeal type of seed germination in which the cotyle- geographic race a race native to a geographic area. dons remain below the ground while the epicotyl elongates as in Juglans, Quercus, and Torreya. germination resumption of active growth in an embryo which results in its emergence from the seed and the devel- indehiscent refers to dry fruits that normally do not split opment of structures essential to plant development. open at maturity. germination percentage see germinative capacity. indeterminate flowering flowers that open progressively from the base of an inflorescence (compare determinate germination, real percentage of sound seeds that flowering). germinate. inflorescence floral axis with its appendages; flower germinative capacity proportion of seeds that germinate cluster. normally during a period of time when germination is prac- tically complete; usually expressed as a percentage integument(s) in angiosperms, the one or two layers of (synonym = germination percentage). tissue, often fused, that enclose the nucellus of an ovule and that develop after fertilization into 1 or 2 seedcoats; in gym- germinative energy that proportion of germination that nosperms, a single layer of tissue that encloses the nucleus has occurred up to the time of peak germination, the time of of an ovule. In Pinus, it develops after fertilization into 3 maximum germination rate, or some other preselected point. seedcoats, the outer one of which is usually not distinct in glabrous smooth; without hairs or other projections. harvested seeds. glaucous having a whitish or waxy coating that give a internal dormancy see embryo dormancy. frosted appearance and tends to rub off. involucre 1 or more whorls of bracts situated below and globose approximately or completely spherical; globular. close to a flower cluster; sometimes enclosing the carpels as gymnosperm members of the subdivision of plants having in Carya, Castanea, and Fagus. seeds not enclosed in an ovary (naked seeds) borne on the land race a population of plants, usually exotic, that has scales of a cone, on the megasporophylls of other types of become adapted to a specific environment. strobile, or singly with arils as in Torreya and Taxus. legume dry, dehiscent, 1-celled fruit that usually dehisces (compare angiosperm). (splits) along 2 suture lines at maturity as in Acacia, haploid having 1 complete set of chromosomes per cell. Gleditsia, and Lupinus (synonym = pod). hardwood cutting cuttings for vegetative propagation loculicidal dehiscing lengthwise of a capsule so as to that are collected during the dormant period from last divide each loculus into 2 parts as in Chimaphila. season’s growth.

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loculus (locule) the cell of a carpel in which the seed is papilionaceous descriptive of flowers of many Fabaceae located. that have irregular corollas shaped like a butterfly as in maceration a process for removing the soft, pulpy tissue Colutea. from fleshy fruits. pappus a tuft of delicate fibers or bristles that form a male cone see cone. feathery appendage of an achene as in Baccharis and Chrysothamnus. megagametophyte the female gametophyte tissue in the seeds of gymnosperms; often mistakenly labeled as parthenogenesis reproduction from an unfertilized ovule; endosperm. embryo may be either haploid or diploid. See apomixis. mesocarp middle layer of the pericarp; the pulp of drupes parthenocarpy development of fruit without fertilization. and berries. pedicel stalk of a single flower within a flower cluster. micropyle minute opening in the integument of an ovule peduncle stalk that bears a single flower or a flower through which the pollen tube normally passes to reach the cluster. embryo sac; usually closed in the mature seed to form a peltate a foliage characteristic in which the petiole of a superficial scar. leaf blade is attached to the lower surface instead of to the microsporangia in gymnosperms, the pollen sacs on the base. lower surface of the microsporophyll. perfect flower see bisexual. microsporophyll in gymnosperms, a scale in the male perianth the envelope of a flower; calyx, corolla, or both. strobilus. pericarp wall of a ripened ovary that is homogeneous in monoecious having functional staminate and pistillate some genera and in others is composed of three distinct lay- flowers on the same plant (compare dioecious). ers: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp (synonym = fruit mucro a small, short abrupt tip of a scale as in Cupressus. wall). multiple fruit fruit formed from several flowers whose perigynous having stamens and petals arranged on the coalesced ripened ovaries are inserted on a common recepta- edge of a cup-like receptacle around the pistil as in cle as in Morus and Platanus. (compare aggregate fruit Heteromeles. and simple fruit). perisperm nutritive tissue of a seed derived from the nucellus mass of thin-walled cells that composes the cen- nucellus and deposited external to the embryo sac; diploid in tral and main part of the body of an ovule and that contains contrast to endosperm, which is triploid. the embryo sac and is surrounded by 1 or more integuments phenology study of relations between climatic changes (compare perisperm). and periodic biological phenomena such as dormancy, nucleus the component of a cell that is made up chiefly of growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants. chromosomes. phenotype 1. the observed state, description, or degree of nut dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit with a woody or leath- expression of a character or trait; 2. the product of the inter- ery pericarp, as in Quercus, or generally partially or wholly action of the genes of an organism with the environment. encased in an involucre or husk, as in Carya and Corylus. pinna a leaflet on a pinnate leaf. nutlet small nut, often with accessary parts such as bracts pinnate leaf a compound leaf bearing leaflets (pinnae) on or husks, as in Betula and Fagus. opposite sides of the rachis. obovoid inversely egg shaped; ovoid with the broad end pistil ovule-bearing organ of an angiosperm flower, toward the apex. composed of ovary, style, and stigma. open pollination pollination in which a mixture of related pistillate having pistils, but lacking functional stamens and unrelated pollen is delivered by wind, insects, etc. and is (compare staminate). usually not directly influenced by humans. placenta the interior of the ovary where ovules are borne. ortet original plant from which a vegetatively propagated planting zone area of reasonably uniform growing condi- clone has been derived (compare ramet). tions in which plants from 1 or more seed sources are well outcrossing mating unrelated individuals. adapted. ovary in angiosperms, the basal portion of a pistil that plumule the stem apex of the seed embryo from which bears the ovules. the primary plant shoot develops. ovoid egg shaped with the broad end toward the point of pollination deposition of pollen on the receptive part of attachment. the female flower or strobilus. ovule egg-containing structure in seed plants that develops polyembryony the production of more than 1 embryo into a seed after fertilization. from 1 egg as in some Acer. panicle a branched flower cluster as in Aesculus, polygamo-dioecious species that are functionally dioe- Chionanthus, and Fraxinus. cious, but have a few bisexual flowers on some of the male- flowering plants as well as on some of the female-flowering plants.

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polygamo-monoecious species that are functionally root growth potential test a test that estimates the physi- monoecious, but have a few bisexual flowers on some indi- ological condition of seedlings by their ability to produce vidual plants that also bear unisexual flowers of both sexes. new roots when growing in an ideal environment. polygamo-trioecious species that may exhibit dioecious, roguing systematic removal of individuals not desired for monoecious, and bisexual flowering habits as in Ceratonia. perpetuation of a population. polygamous bearing both bisexual and unisexual flowers samara dry, indehiscent, winged fruit; 1-seeded as in on the same plant or on different plants of the same species; Fraxinus and Ulmus, or sometimes with 2 samaras fused pertains to species having mostly bisexual flowers. together as in Acer. pome a fleshy fruit resulting from a compound ovary with scarification pregerminative disruption of seedcoats, usu- seeds encased in a papery inner wall, as in Crataegus and ally by mechanical abrasion or by brief treatment in a strong Malus. acid, to increase their permeability to water and gases, or to prechilling practice of exposing imbibed seeds to cool (5 lower their mechanical resistance. to 10 °C) temperatures for a few days prior to germination seed matured ovule containing an embryo and nutritive [contraction of the correct phrase, pre-germination chill- tissue enclosed in layers of protective tissue (seedcoat). ing]. Prechilling is the same as stratification, but the term is seed certification guaranty of seed identity and quality by more commonly used in seed testing, whereas stratification a recognized agency, usually evidenced by a certificate is more commonly used in nursery operations. including such information as certification category, species primocane first-year canes in Rubus that are solely and variety, year of collection, origin, purity, soundness, and vegetative (compare florocane). germinative capacity. See also certified seeds, selected prophyll the first bud of an inflorescence in certain plants seeds, source-identified seeds. (see Serenoa). seedcoat protective outer layer of a seed derived from the propagule any part of a plant, such as bud, tuber, root, integuments of the ovule. When 2 coats are present, the shoot, or spore, that may be used to propagate an individual thick, tough outer coat is the testa and the thin, delicate or vegetatively. inner coat is the tegmen. protandrous see dichogamy. seedcoat dormancy dormancy as a result of seedcoat con- ditions: impermeability to water or gas exchange or mechan- protogynous see dichogamy. ical restrictions. provenance the original geographic source of seed. seed zone a designated area having defined boundaries pruinose having a frost-like “bloom” or powdery and altitudinal limits within which soil and climate are suffi- secretion as in Berberis. ciently uniform to indicate high probability for maintaining pubescence covered with down or short fine hairs. a relatively uniform genetic composition as determined by purity percentage of clean, intact seed, by weight in a progeny-testing various seed sources. seed lot. seedlot a specified quantity of seeds having reasonably pyrene individual seed of a drupe as in Ilex, Prunus, and uniform quality. It may comprise seeds from a specific loca- Rubus. tion or a single seed collection zone, all collected in the same year. pyriform pear-shaped. seed orchard a plantation of clones or seedlings from race a population that exists within a species and exhibits selected trees for early and abundant production of seed and general characteristics discontinuous and distinct from other to promote balanced, random mating. populations (synonym = ecotype; compare strain, variety). seed-production area an existing stand that is usually raceme an unbranched inflorescence with flowers on upgraded and opened by removal of phenotypically undesir- stalks of equal length arising from a main axis as in able trees and then cultured for early and abundant seed Amelanchier and Prunus. production. rachis 1. the elongated axis of an inflorescence. 2. the seed source the locality where a seedlot was collected axis of a compound leaf bearing leaflets. (compare provenance). radicle the root of a seed embryo from which the primary selected seed a seedlot derived from clearly defined and root develops. carefully chosen natural stands or plantations that conform ramet individual member of a clone vegetatively propa- to specified standards and have been approved and regis- gated from an ortet. tered by a designated authority. raphe external ridge on a seed developed from an inverted serotinous 1. flowering or fruiting late in the growing sea- ovule formed by the part of the funiculus adnate to the son. 2. pertaining to cones that remain closed on a tree for ovule. several months or years after maturity and are therefore late receptacle end of a flower stalk on which the floral in dispersing seeds. organs are borne.

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shrub perennial woody plant branching close to the strobilus (plural strobili) conelike male or female fruit- ground and with no major central stem (compare tree). ing bodies, composed of compact bracts or scales, of the simple fruit formed from a single ovary and sometimes conifers. including other flower parts; the most common type of fruit style neck of the pistil which connects the stigma with the (compare aggregate fruit and multiple fruit). ovary. softwood cuttings cuttings for vegetative propagation that sub-shrub a shrub, usually small, the woody parts of are collected from soft, succulent new shoots that have just which normally die back at least partially during winter. begun to harden; normally in the spring, but also at any time suture the line of dehiscence on fruits that opens naturally of the year in plants that have multiple flushes of shoot to disperse seeds. growth. syncarp see aggregate fruit. sound seeds seeds that contain in viable condition the target seedling a seedling ideally suited to planting for a tissues necessary for germination. specific management objective on a particular site. source-identified seed a seedlot attested by a designated Production of such seedlings is a major management goal in authority as being derived from a defined seed source. nurseries, and requires matching genetic characteristics, species category of taxonomic classification into which environmental factors of the intended planting site, and genera are subdivided, comprising a group of similar inter- cultural practices in the nursery. breeding individuals sharing a common morphology, physi- tegmen the inner seedcoat, usually thin and delicate. ology, and reproductive process. testa the outer seedcoat, usually thick and tough. spike elongated inflorescence with sessile flowers on a tree a woody perennial plant, typically large, and with a main axis as in Amorpha and in pistillate flowers of Carya well-defined central stem or stems with branches forming a and Juglans. more or less definite crown (compare shrub). stamen pollen-bearing organ of a flower in angiosperms tree percent number of trees in a nursery bed at time of consisting of a filament and an anther. lifting expressed as a percentage of the number of viable staminate having pollen-bearing organs (stamens) but no seeds sown. pistils. trichome an outgrowth of the epidermis, as a hair or staminode a sterile or abortive stamen as seen in flowers scale, which is variable in shape, size, and function. of Diospyros. triploid having 3 times (3n) the haploid (n) number of steckling a plant propagule grown from rooting cuttings; chromosomes. a plantable rooted cutting. umbel a flat-topped inflorescence with flower stalks stigma the part of the pistil, usually the tip, often sticky, arising from a common point, as in Rhamnus caroliniana; which receives the pollen and on which the pollen germi- frequently compound as in the paniculate umbels of Aralia nates. spinosa. stone the hard, bony part of a drupe that consists of the unisexual individual flowers of 1 sex, either staminate or seed within the hard endocarp, as in Cornus and Prunus. pistillate (compare bisexual). strain a group of organisms related by common descent unitegmic having only 1 integument as the ovules of the but different in some respect from the main body of the composite family. species. utricle a bladdery, 1-seeded, usually indehiscent fruit, con- stratification pregermination treatment to overcome sisting of an achene surrounded by bracts, as in Eurotia and dormancy in seeds and to promote rapid and uniform germi- Grayia. nation; accomplished by keeping seeds in cold, moist variety a category usually intermediate between species conditions for a specified time, sometimes with a preceding (or subspecies) and forma, given a Latin name preceded by exposure to moisture at room temperature (See prechilling). “var.” based on fewer correlated characters than are used to striate marked with parallel grooves, lines, or ridges. differentiate species or subspecies, and having a more strobile (plural strobiles) dry, conelike fruits that develop restricted geographical occurrence. from pistillate catkins as in Alnus and Betula. viability the state of being capable of germination and subsequent growth and development of the seedling. viscid fruits covered with sticky secretions as in Ceanothus.

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List of Families and Genera

A Chilopsis D. Don Ericaceae—Heath family Aceraceae—Maple family Spathodea Beauv. Arbutus L. Acer L. Arctostaphylos Adans. Agavaceae—Century-plant family C Epigaea L. Yucca L. Cactaceae—Cactus family Gaultheria L. Anacardiaceae—Sumac family Carnegiea Britt. & Rose Gaylussacia Kunth Cotinus P. Mill. Caprifoliaceae—Honeysuckle family Kalmia L. Rhus L. Lonicera L. Ledum L. Annonaceae—Custard-apple family Sambucus L. Leucothoe D. Don Asimina Adans. Symphoricarpos Duham. Oxydendrum DC. Aquifoliaceae—Holly family Viburnum L. Pieris D. Don Ilex L. Casuarinaceae—Casuarina family Rhododendron L. Nemopanthus Raf. Casuarina Rumph. ex L. Araliaceae—Ginseng family Celastraceae—Bittersweet (Staff-tree) Vaccinium L. Aralia L. family Euphorbiaceae—Spurge family Kalopanax Miq. Celastrus L. Aleurites J.R. & G. Forst. Araucariaceae—Araucaria family Euonymus L. Triadica Lour. Araucaria Juss. Chenopodiaceae—Goosefoot family Vernicia Lour Arecaceae —Palm family Atriplex L. Roystonea O.F. Cook Grayia Hook. & Arn. F Fabaceae—Pea family Sabal Adans. Kochia Roth Acacia L. Serenoa Hook. f. Krascheninnikovia Guldenstaedt Adenanthera L. Washingtonia H. Wendl. Sarcobatus Nees Albizia Durz. Asteraceae—Aster family Zuckia Standl. Ambrosia L. Clethraceae—Clethra (White alder) Amorpha L. Artemisia L. family Bauhinia L. Baccharis L. Clethra L. Caragana Fabr. Chrysothamnus Nutt. Cornaceae—Dogwood family Ceratonia L. Encelia Adans. Cornus L. Cercis L. Ericameria Nutt. Cupressaceae—Cypress family Cladrastis Raf. Gutierrezia Lag. Calocedrus Kurz Colutea L. Tetradymia DC. Chamaecyparis Spach Cytisus Desf. Cupressus L. Delonix Raf. B Juniperus L. Ebenopsis Britt. & Rose Berberidaceae—Barberry family Platycladus Spach Enterolobium Mart. Berberis L. Thuja L. Gleditsia L. Mahonia Nutt. Gymnocladus Lam. E Nandina Thunb. Hymenaea L. Ebenaceae—Ebony family Betulaceae—Birch family Laburnum Medik. Alnus P. Mill. Diospyros L. Elaeagnaceae—Oleaster (Elaeagnus) Lespedeza Michx. Betula L. family Leucaena Benth. Carpinus L. Elaeagnus L. Lupinus L. Corylus L. Hippophae L. Olneya Gray Ostrya Scop. Shepherdia Nutt. Paraserianthes I. Nielsen Bignoniaceae—Trumpet-creeper Ephedraceae—Ephedra (Mormon-tea) Pithecellobium Mart. family family Prosopis L. Campsis Lour. Ephedra L. Catalpa Scop.

List of Families and Genera • 1199 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1200

Psorothamnus Rydb. M Proteaceae—Protea family Pterocarpus Jacq. Magnoliaceae—Magnolia family Grevillea R. Br. ex Knight Robinia L. Liriodendron L. Pyrolaceae—Shinleaf family Senna P. Mill. Magnolia L. Chimaphila Pursh Sophora L. Malvaceae—Mallow family Ulex L. Thespesia Soland. ex Correa R Fagaceae—Beech family Meliaceae—Mahogany family Ranunculaceae—Buttercup family Castanea P. Mill. Melia L. Clematis L. Rhamnaceae—Buckthorn family Chrysolepis Hjelmquist Swietenia Jacq. Ceanothus L. Fagus L. Toona (Endl.) Roemer Frangula P. Mill. Lithocarpus Blume Menispermaceae—Moonseed family Rhamnus L. Quercus L. Menispermum L. Moraceae—Mulberry family Ziziphus P. Mill. Rosaceae—Rose family G Maclura Nutt. Garryaceae—Silk tassel family Morus L. Amelanchier Medik. Garrya Dougl. ex Lindl. Myricaceae—Bayberry (Wax-myrtle) Aronia Medik. Ginkgoaceae—Ginkgo family family Cercocarpus Kunth Ginkgo L. Myrica L. Chamaebatia Benth. Grossulariaceae—Currant family Morella Lour. Chamaebatiaria (Porter) Maxim. Ribes L. Myrtaceae—Myrtle family Coleogyne Torr. ’ Eucalyptus L Her. Cotoneaster Medik. H Lophostemon Schott Crataegus L. Hamamelidaceae—Witch-hazel Fallugia Endl. family N Heteromeles M. Roemer Hamamelis L. Nyssaceae—Sour gum family Holodiscus (K. Koch) Maxim. Liquidambar L. Nyssa L. Malus P. Mill. Hippocastanaceae—Horsechestnut family O Oemleria Reichenb. Aesculus L. Oleaceae—Olive family Peraphyllum Nutt. Hydrangeaceae—Hydrangea family Chionanthus L. Physocarpus (Camb.) Raf. Carpenteria Torr. Fraxinus L. Prunus L. Philadelphus L. Ligustrum L. Purshia DC. ex Poir. Hydrophyllaceae—Waterleaf family Menodora Bonpl. Pyrus L. Nama L. Olea L. Rhodotypos Sieb. & Zucc. Syringa L. Rosa L. J Rubus L. Juglandaceae — Walnut family P Sorbaria (Ser. ex DC.) A. Braun Carya Nutt. Papaveraceae—Poppy family Sorbus L. Juglans L. Dendromecon Benth. Spiraea L. Pinaceae—Pine family Rubiaceae—Madder family L Abies P. Mill. Cephalanthus L. Lamiaceae—Mint family Cedrus Trew Mitchella L. Salvia L. Larix P. Mill. Rutaceae—Rue family Lauraceae—Laurel family Picea A. Dietr. Flindersia R. Br. Lindera Thunb. Pinus L. Phellodendron Rupr. Persea P. Mill. Pseudotsuga Carr. Ptelea L. Sassafras Nees & Eberm. Tsuga Carr. Zanthoxylum L. Umbellularia (Nees) Nutt. Platanaceae—Plane-tree (Sycamore) Lythraceae—Loosestrife family family Lagerstroemia L. Platanus L. Polygonaceae—Buckwheat family Eriogonum Michx.

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S U Salicaceae—Willow family Ulmaceae—Elm family Populus L. Celtis L. Salix L. Ulmus L. Sapindaceae—Soapberry family Koelreuteria Laxm. V Sapindus L. Verbenaceae—Verbena family Sapotaceae—Sapodilla (Sapote) family Callicarpa L. Sideroxylon L. Tectona L. f. Scrophulariaceae—Figwort family Vitex L. Paulownia Sieb. & Zucc. Vitaceae — Grape family Penstemon Schmidel Parthenocissus Planch. Simaroubaceae—Quassia (Ailanthus) Vitis L. family Ailanthus Desf. Z Simmondsiaceae—Jojoba family Zamiaceae—Sago-palm family Simmondsia Nutt. Zamia L. Solanaceae — Potato (Nightshade) Zygophyllaceae—Creosote-bush family (Caltrop) family Lycium L. Larrea Cav. Solanum L. Sterculiaceae—Cacao (Sterculia) family Fremontodendron Coville Styracaceae—Storax (Snowball) family Halesia Ellis ex L. Styrax L.

T Tamaricaceae—Tamarix family Tamarix L. Taxaceae—Yew family Taxus L. Torreya Arn. Taxodiaceae—Redwood family Cryptomeria D. Don Metasequoia Miki ex Hu & W.C. Cheng Sciadopitys Siebold & Zucc. Sequoia Endl. Sequoiadendron Buchh. Taxodium L.C. Rich. Theaceae—Tea family Franklinia Bartr. ex Marsh. Gordonia Ellis Thymelaeaceae—Mezereum family Dirca L. Tiliaceae—Linden family Tilia L.

List of Families and Genera • 1201 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1202

Index of Authors

A Tilia Pithecellobium Alexander, Robert R. Vaccinium Platanus Yucca Blum, Barton M. Prosopis Anderson, Paul D. Arali Quercus Malus Boe, Kenneth N. Sapium Auger, Janene Sequoia Sassafras Peraphyllum Sequoiadendron Bonner, Franklin T. Sideroxylon B Chapter 1, Seed biology Taxodium Banner, Valerie A. Chapter 4, Storage Vernicia Cercis Chapter 6, Certification Viburnum Barbour, Jill R. Aleurites Vitis Aesculus Aronia Zanthoxylum Celastrus Asimina Ziziphus Cladrastis Callicarpa Booth, D. Terrance Corylus Campsis Krascheninnikovia Elaeagnus Carya Purshia Hamamelis Brand, Gary J. Castanea Magnolia Platycladus Catalpa Mitchella Thuja Celtis Morus Brinkman, Kenneth A. Cephalanthus Prunus Amelanchier Chamaecyparis Ptelea Amorpha Chionanthus Serenoa Cornus Epigaea Tsuga Corylus Ericameria Ulmus Hamamelis Barnes, R. L. Fagus Lindera Cladrastis Fraxinus Menispermum Diospyros Gaylussacia Mitchella Morus Gledistia Ptelea Sabal Gordonia Sambucus Serenoa Gymnocladus Ulmus Becker, Robert Halesia Brodie, Leslie Chandler Olneya Ilex Alnus Blazich, Frank A. Juglans Buckley, David S. Clethra Juniperus Dirca Buechler, W. Franklinia Liquidambar Salix Kalmia Liriodendron Busing, Richard T. Lagerstroemia Lophostemon Hippophae Leucothoe Maclura Larrea Lonicera Melia Lespedeza Morella & Myrica Nyssa Lycium Nandina Ostrya Oxydendrum Paraserianthes Pieris Parthenocissus Rhododendron Paulownia Rhus Persea

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C G Chapter 5, Testing Connor, Kristina F. Gabriel, W. J. Baccharis Bauhinia Acer Celastrus Parkinsonia Gill, John D. Prunus Aronia Roystonea Robinia Chionanthus Sophora Sabal Parthenocissus Spathodea Tsuga Conard Susan G. Physocarpus Kitchen, Stanley G. Ceanothus Viburnum Cercocarpus Graney, David L. Crossley, John A. Kochia Catalpa Malus Krugman, Stanley L. Griffin, Jason T. Solanum Eucalyptus Clethra Menodora D Franklinia Pinus Davis, Tim D. Myrica Sequoiadendron Lupinus Vaccinium Debell, Dean S. Grisez, Ted J. Washingtonia Alnus Prunus L Dietz, Donald R. Landis, Thomas D. Caragana H Chapter 7, Nurseries Douglas, D.A. Haferkamp, Marshall R. Lantz, Clark W. Salix Grayia Dubois, Jean-Jacques B. Harrington, Constance A. Chapter 2, Genetics Lagerstroemia Alnus Lasseigne, F. Todd Lonicera Huffman, David W. Crataegus Gaultheria Leak, William B. E Hummer, Kim E. Fagus Eddleman, Lee E. Pyrus Ostrya Sarcobatus Hurd, Emerenciana G. Leiser, Andrew T. Tetradymia Chamaebatiaria Nama Edwards, D. George W. Grayia Little, Silas Abies Holodiscus Ailanthus Erdmann, G.G. Philadelphus M Mitchella McDaniel, Kirk C. J F Jenkinson, James L. Gutierrezia McDonald, Philip M. Francis, John K. Pinus Acacia Johnson, LeRoy C. Arbutus Araucaria Metasequoia Chrysolepis Cryptomeria Johnson, W. Gary Lithocarpus Mackay, Wayne A. Enterolobium Dendromecon Lupinus Pterocarpus Diospyros Magill, Arthur W. Roystonea Sambucus Chamaebatia Spathodea Styrax Chilopsis Swietenia Zamia Mangold, Robert D. Tectona Jull, Laura G. Chapter 6, Certification Thespesia Nandina Markin, George P. Toona Ulex K Martin, George C. Karrfalt, Robert P. Olea Chapter 3, Harvesting & Martineau, David Conditioning Amorpha

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Matula, Colleen A. Robinia Read, Ralph A. Dirca Sabal Morus Meyer, Susan E. Serenoa Phellodendron Arctostaphylos Owston, Peyton W. Sapindus Artemisia Pseudotsuga Riemenschneider, Don E. Atriplex Rhodotypos Lupinus Carnegiea Sciadopitys Rodgers, Jane E. Chrysothamnus Sorbaria Ambrosia Cytisus Chilopsis Ephedra P Encelia Parrotta, John A. Eriogonum Parkinsonia Albizia Fallugia Psorothamnus Casuarina Fremontodendron Senna Flindersia Heteromeles Yucca Grevillea Roh, Mark S. Penstemon Leucaena Styrax Purshia Paraserianthes Rowe, D. Bradley Rosa Pendleton, Burton K. Rhododendron Salvia Coleogyne Rhus Simmondsia Pendleton, Rosemary Tilia Michler, Charles H. Zuckia Rudolf, Paul O. Koelreuteria Petteys, E. Aesculus Mikowski, Daniel A. Casuarina Berberis Ligustrum Lophostemon Miller, Carol Clematis Pfister, Robert D. Ambrosia Euonymus Ribes Koelreuteria Chilopsis Phipps, Howard M. Lycium Encelia Lindera Rhodotypos Parkinsonia Menispermum Sciadopitys Psorothamnus Pijut, Paula M. Sorbaria Minore, Don Carpinus Syringa Berberis Cedrus Ruth, Robert H. Chimaphila Colutea Tsuga Monsen, Stephen B. Cotinus Kochia Kalopanax S Laburnum Safford, Lawerence O. N Pogge, Franz L. Nauertz, Elizabeth Ann Picea Aronia Schlesinger, R. C. Dirca Neal, Donald L. Chionanthus Ptelea Schmidtling, R. C. Carpenteria Parthenocissus Sideroxylon Dendromecon Physocarpus Schopmeyer, C. S. Nord, Eamor C. Viburnum Alnus Nama Pond, Floyd W. Yucca Nemopanthus O Postman, Joseph D. Platycladus Olson, David F., Jr. Pyrus Thuja Baccharis Vitex Casuarina R Ratliff, Raymond D. Cladrastis Ericameria Diospyros Lupinus Elaeagnus

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Schubert, T. H. Strong, Terry F. Y Tectona Acer Youngblood, Andrew Shaw, Nancy L. Amelanchier Frangula Chamaebatiaria Physocarpus Cotoneaster T Picea Grayia Tappeiner, John C. Rhamnus Holodiscus Rubus Philadelphus Z V Purshia Zasada, John C. Vance, Nan C. Syringa Acer Taxus Ailanthus Zuckia Vankus, Victor Shearer, Raymond C. Amorpha Cornus Larix Aralia Lindera Shepperd, Wayne D. Clematis Vogel, Willis G. Ceratonia Dirca Lespedeza Garrya Vozzo, Jack A. Euonymus Ginkgo Adenanthera Gaultheria Tamarix Delonix Menodora Slabaugh, Paul E. Hymenaea Nemopanthus Caragana Phellodendron Cotoneaster W Populus Walker, Scott C. Hippophae Rubus Shepherdia Syringa Salix Symphoricarpos Sloan, John P. Sapindus Walters, Gerald A. Metasequoia Solanum Albizia Ribes Spiraea Araucaria Sequoia Vitex Smith, Justin G. Cryptomeria Peraphyllum Toona Starrett, Mark C. Wendel, G. W. Kalmia Celastrus Leucothoe Whitesell, Craig D. Oxydendrum Acacia Pieris Eucalyptus Stein, William I. Leucaena Calocedrus Wick, Herbert L. Cercis Albizia Gaultheria Flindersia Wong, Wesley H. C., Jr. Ligustrum Grevillea Oemleria Wood, Ballard Pseudotsuga Gutierrezia Sorbus Wurtz, Tricia L. Torreya Ledum Umbellularia Wyckoff, Gary W. Stickney, Peter F. Populus Holodiscus Philadelphus Spiraea

Index of Authors • 1205 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1206

Index of Common Names

Preferred common names are listed in thinleaf Japanese boldface type and other common wavyleaf Korean names are in lightface roman type. western swamp-cedar The scientific name of the genus in white arbutus, Arbutus italics follows each primary entry. algarrobo, Hymenaea arctic bramble, Rubus Since genus units are arranged in aliso, Alnus aroma, Acacia alphabetical order of the scientific aliso, Platanus arrowwood, Viburnum name, and each page is tabbed with Allegheny chinkapin, Castanea arrowwood the genus name, readers can locate a almond, Prunus downy particular genus without referring to desert mapleleaf page numbers. alpine goldenchain, Laburnum roughish American beautyberry, Callicarpa smooth A amorpha, Amorpha southern abele, Populus California ash, Fraxinus Abete delle Nebrodii, Abies Amur corktree, Phellodendron Arizona acacia, Acacia angelica-tree, Aralia basket black Ao-todomatsu, Abies Biltmore earleaf Aomori-todo-matsu, Abies Biltmore white sweet aotodo, Abies black Acton brittlebush, Encelia Apache-plume, Fallugia blue African tuliptree, Spathodea ape’s earring, Ebenopsis brown ailanthus, Ailanthus apple, Malus Carolina akatodo, Abies American crab Darlington álamo, Populus Biltmore crab desert alamo blanco, Populus common European Alaska-cedar, Chamaecyparis Dunbar crab flowering albizia, Albizia European crab foothill tall Great Lakes crab green alder, Alnus Iowa crab hoop American green Japanese flowering crab leatherleaf Arizona midwest crab Modesto black narrow-leaf crab Oregon brook Oregon crab pop California Pacific crab pumpkin European paradise red European black prairie crab Shamel European speckled red Siberian crab smooth green Sargent swamp hazel Siberian crab Toumey hoary southern crab tropical gray western crab two-petal mountain wild crab velvet Nepal wild sweet crab water New Mexican applebush, Grayia white Oregon applebush, Zuckia Asiatic sweet pepperbush, Clethra Pacific Coast apricot, Prunus aspen, Populus red desert bigtooth seaside aralia, Aralia European Siberian bristly golden Sierra araucaria, Araucaria Japanese Sitka columnar largetooth smooth Arauco-pine, Araucaria mountain speckled arborvitae, Thuja quaking swamp eastern Siebold tag giant trembling

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auline blanchâtre, Alnus Canada bearmat, Chamaebatia Australian black wood, Acacia double fir southern Australian pine, Casuarina healing bee-tree, Tilia Australian redcedar, Toona western beech, Fagus Australian toon, Toona white American Australian-pine, Araucaria barberry, Berberis European autumn-olive, Elaeagnus black bellota, Quercus ayúa, Zanthoxylum boxleaf Benjamin bush, Lindera azalea, Rhododendron common benzoin tree, Styrax Alabama cutleaf big-leaved ivy, Kalmia Carolina Darwin bigcone-spruce, Pseudotsuga Cascade European bigtree, Sequoiadendron clammy Japanese bilsted, Liquidambar coast Julian biota, Platycladus dwarf Korean birch, Betula early paleleaf Alaska flame Sargent Asian white Florida flame threespine black hammock-sweet Verna bog hoary warty canoe mayflower wildfire cherry mountain wintergreen Dahurian Oconee barberry, Mahonia downy orange Cascades dwarf dwarf white Piedmont creeping Erman pink hollyleaf European white pink-shell Nevin glandulose plum-leaved red gray plumleaf basswood, Tilia Japanese white rose-shell Carolina monarch smooth Mexican Murray swamp white northern sweet batai, Paraserianthes northwestern paper bauhinia, Bauhinia Texas paper western butterfly river white swamp petite flambouyant roundleaf yellow pink silver purple swamp B bay, Gordonia sweet baccharis, Baccharis bay, Umbellularia water Arizona bayberry, Myrica/Morella white eastern California wire Emory’s northern yellow kidneywort Pacific bitter nightshade, Solanum mulefat southern bitterbrush, Purshia narrowleaf bead tree, Melia antelope Plummer’s bearberry, Arctostaphylos desert saltmarsh bearbrush, Garrya bitternut, Carya shortleaf bearclover, Chamaebatia bittersweet, Celastrus squaw waterweed beardtongue, Penstemon American Wright’s broadleaf climbing bahan, Populus gilia shrubby bake-apple, Rubus Leonard’s black alder, Ilex baldcypress, Taxodium littlecup black greasewood, Sarcobatus pond petiole black laurel, Gordonia balm of Gilead, Abies beargrass, Yucca black thornberry, Crataegus balsam, Abies black twinberry, Lonicera

Index of Common Names • 1207 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1208

black-snap, Gaylussacia Texas lace blackberry, Rubus yellow Mojave Allegheny woolly pretty cutleaf bowwood, Maclura budsage, Artemisia evergreen boxelder, Acer buffaloberry, Shepherdia Himalaya boxthorn, Lycium Canadian mountain Brayley flindersia, Flindersia roundleaf Pacific Brazilian-pine, Araucaria russet running Brigham tea, Ephedra silver smooth Brisbane-box, Lophostemon thornless sow-teat brittlebrush, Encelia bull bay, Magnolia thornless California bullberry, Shepherdia trailing green bullnut, Carya blackbrush, Cercocarpus broad-leaved laurel, Kalmia bunchberry, Cornus blackbrush, Coleogyne brushbox, Lophostemon bunya-bunya, Araucaria blackgum, Nyssa buckbrush, Ceanothus bunya-pine, Araucaria blackhaw, Viburnum buckbrush, Symphoricarpos Burma-cedar, Toona rusty buckeye, Aesculus Burmese rosewood, Pterocarpus southern big burning-bush, Euonymus blackthorn, Prunus buckthorn, Frangula burrobush, Ambrosia blackwood, Acacia beechleaf white bladder-senna, Colutea birchleaf burroweed, Ambrosia common California bursage, Ambrosia blue beech, Carpinus Carolina white blue blossom, Ceanothus glossy bursting-heart, Euonymus blue bush, Ceanothus Modoc bush rockspirea, Holodiscus blueberry, Vaccinium Nevada bush-anemone, Carpenteria American obovate bushpoppy, Dendromecon Canadian obtuse island highbush Pursh stiff late sweet red butternut, Juglans low sweet Sierra buttonball-tree, Platanus lowbush yellow buttonbush, Cephalanthus rabbiteye Yosemite common smallflower buckthorn, Rhamnus buttonwood, Platanus sour-top alder swamp Chinese C velvet-leaf common calico-bush, Kalmia bluegum, Eucalyptus Dahurian California boxelder, Acer bluehaw, Viburnum European California fan-palm, Washingtonia bodark, Maclura Japanese California Washington-palm, bog-myrtle, Myrica/Morella lanceleaf Washingtonia bois-d’arc, Maclura redberry California washingtonia, bongay, Aesculus sawleaf Washingtonia Boston ivy, Parthenocissus sharp-tooth California-holly, Heteromeles bosú, Zanthoxylum Smith California-laurel, Umbellularia bottlebrush buckthorn, Sideroxylon California-nutmeg, Torreya California woolly California-olive, Umbellularia dwarf buckwheat, Eriogonum California-palm, Washingtonia fetid crisp-leaf calmoun, Kalmia Georgia mat candelabra tree, Araucaria Ohio parsnipflower candleberry, Myrica/Morella painted roundleaf candleberry-myrtle, Myrica/Morella red buckwheatbrush, Eriogonum candlenut-tree, Aleurites scarlet California canoe-cedar, Thuja sweet flat-top caragana, Caragana Heerman carob, Ceratonia

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Carolina silverbell, Halesia bitter purple carpenteria, Carpenteria black red cascara, Frangula common choke Christmas-berry, Ilex cascara sagrada, Frangula downy Christ-thorn, Ziziphus cassena, Ilex European bird Christmasberry, Heteromeles castor-aralia, Kalopanax evergreen cigar-tree, Catalpa casuarina, Casuarina fire cinnamon-bark clethra, Clethra horsetail hollyleaf clematis, Clematis longleaf laurel Drummond river-oak mahaleb eastern catalpa, Catalpa Manchu Italian common mazzard mountain Haitian Nanking plume hardy narrowleaf purple northern pie rock southern pin western western perfumed clethra, Clethra catalpa-willow, Chilopsis Rocky Mountain cinnamon-bark catawba, Catalpa rum Japanese ceanothus, Ceanothus sand cliffrose, Purshia bigpod sour cloudberry, Rubus buckbrush St. Lucie coastal sweetpepperbush, Clethra Calistoga sweet coffeeberry, Frangula Catalina western sand coffeetree, Frangula deerbrush wild common gorse, Ulex desert wild black common moonseed, Menispermum feltleaf wild red common seabuckthorn, Hippophae Fendler chestnut, Aesculus common trumpetcreeper, Campsis hairy chestnut, Castanea comptie, Zamia hoaryleaf American Cook-pine, Araucaria Hooker Chinese coontie, Zamia jimbrush European copaltree, Ailanthus Monteray Japanese coralberry, Symphoricarpos redstem Spanish corkbush, Euonymus Santa Barbara Chilean-pine, Araucaria cornelian-cherry, Cornus snowbrush Chinese arborvitae, Platycladus cotoneaster, Cotoneaster trailing Chinese date, Ziziphus black varnish-leaf Chinese tallowtree, Triadica cranberry wedgeleaf chittamwood, Sideroxylon darkseed whitethorn checkerberry, Gaultheria European cedar, Cedrus cherrioni, Sapindus hedge Atlas cherry-laurel, Prunus Peking Cyprian Carolina rock deodar Chimaphila, Chimaphila rock spray cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus Japanese cotton-gum, Nyssa cedar-of-Gog, Cupressus China-tree, Koelreuteria cottonwood, Populus cercocarpus, Cercocarpus chinaberry, Melia Arizona birchleaf chinatree, Melia balsam curlleaf chinquapin, Chrysolepis black mountain bush eastern chamisa, Atriplex giant Fremont chaparral whitethorn, Ceanothus golden lanceleaf chaste-tree, Vitex chittam, Frangula Macdougal chenn, Catalpa chittamwood, Sideroxylon mountain cherry, Prunus chokeberry, Aronia narrowleaf Bessey black plains bird hybrid Rio Grande

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river wild black desert white-cedar, Juniperus smooth-bark winter desert-fir, Pseudotsuga swamp custard-apple, Asimina desert-gum, Eucalyptus Texas cypress, Chamaecyparis desert-holly, Atriplex valley false desert-palm, Washingtonia Wislizenus Lawson desert-sweet, Chamaebatiaria courbaril, Hymenaea Sitka desert-thorn, Lycium cowberry, Vaccinium yellow Anderson cowitch vine, Campsis cypress, Cupressus Arizona coyotebrush, Baccharis Arizona Baja cranberry, Vaccinium Arizona smooth Chinese American Baker European large Cuyamaca desert-willow, Chilopsis mountain Gowen desertbroom, Baccharis small Guadalupe devil’s-walkingstick, Aralia cranberrybush, Viburnum Himalayan dock-mackie, Viburnum European Italian dogberry, Cornus crape-myrtle, Lagerstroemia MacNab doghobble, Leucothoe crape-myrtle Mediterranean dogwood, Cornus Queen’s Mendocino American crapemyrtle, Lagerstroemia Mexican alternate-leaf creambush, Holodiscus Modoc bigleaf creambush rockspirea, Holodiscus Monterey bloodtwig creeper, Parthenocissus Piute blue Japanese pygmy bunchberry Virginia Santa Cruz California creeping snowberry, Gaultheria Sargent common creeping pearlberry, Gaultheria Siskiyou cornelian-cherry creosotebush, Larrea spreading Italian creek crocus, Epigaea tecate flowering cryptomeria, Cryptomeria cypress, Taxodium giant Japanese common bald gray cuapinol, Hymenaea gulf Japanese cucumbertree, Magnolia red Japanese cornel Cunningham beefwood, Casuarina tidewater red kousa curlleaf mahogany, Cercocarpus white mountain currant, Ribes yellow Pacific alpine pagoda alpine prickly D red-osier American black Dake-momi, Abies roughleaf blood dalea, Psorothamnus roundleaf buffalo California roundleaved clove Fremont silky flowering Johnson Tatarian golden Mojave western gooseberry Nevada western flowering Hudson Bay Saunder double spruce, Abies northern black Schott Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga Oregon damson, Prunus bigcone prickly date-plum, Diospyros blue red flowering dawn-redwood, Metasequoia coast Sierra deer brush, Ceanothus Colorado slender golden deerbrush, Cercocarpus green squaw desert catalpa, Chilopsis inland sticky desert ironwood, Olneya interior swamp black desert mahogany, Cercocarpus Oregon wax desert sweet, Chamaebatiaria Rocky Mountain

1210 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1211

Douglas-spruce, Pseudotsuga winged F drooping leucothoe, Leucothoe white false indigo, Amorpha dwarf cornel, Cornus Wych false spirea, Sorbaria dwarf-elder, Aralia emajagüilla, Thespesia Ural dyebush, Psorothamnus empress tree, Paulownia falsewillow, Baccharis dyeweed, Psorothamnus encelia, Encelia Bigelow’s rayless broombrush E Virgin River Encinitis ear-leaf umbrellatree, Magnolia encina, Quercus Harvard’s earpod-tree, Enterolobium encino, Quercus prairie eastern leatherwood, Dirca ephedra, Ephedra saltwater eastern wahoo, Euonymus gray Santo Domingo ebony blackbead, Ebenopsis green false-willow, Chilopsis eglantine, Rosa Torrey farkleberry, Vaccinium Egyptian thorn, Acacia espino rubial, Zanthoxylum fern-bush, Chamaebatiaria elaeagnus, Elaeagnus eucalyptus, Eucalyptus fernbush, Chamaebatiaria autumn alpine-ash fetterbush, Leucothoe elder, Sambucus beakpod fetterbush, Pieris American blackbutt feverbush, Lindera blackberry bluegum filbert, Corylus blue brown-barrel American blueberried cuttail beaked blueberry dalrymple California common delegate common red desert European redberried gray ironbark fir, Abies scarlet lemon Abete delle Nebrodi sweet lemon-gum alamo de le sierra elderberry, Sambucus long-beak Algerian blue manna Algerian silver elm, Ulmus messmate stringybark alpine American moitch amabilis basket mountain-ash Amur cedar mountain-gum Ao-todomatsu Chinese mulga ironbark Aomori-todo-matsu cork redironbark aotodo dwarf Asiatic ribbon akatodo English river redgum Arizona European white robusta balsam field rosegum blister grey saligna bristlecone Japanese shining California red lacebark Sidney bluegum California white leatherleaf swamp-gum giant Cascades red tallowwood Caucasian rock Tasmanian blue Cephalonian Russian tooler Chinese silver Scotch euonymus, Euonymus Cilician Scots brook Colorado white September European common silver Siberian Maack concolor slippery running corkbark smoothleaf warty-bark Crimean soft winged dake-momi southern rock winterberry eastern spreading European bittersweet, Solanum European silver water feather cone

Index of Common Names • 1211 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1212

flaky shirabe G Fraser shirabiso gallberry, Ilex golden Siberian garland-tree, Malus grand Siberian silver gean, Prunus great silver Siberian white Gharab-Palk-Saf-Saf, Populus Grecian Sicilian giant cactus, Carnegiea Greek silver Sierra white giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron Guatemalan silver giant-cedar, Thuja Hinggan silvertip ginkgo, Ginkgo Japanese Sino-Korean globe-flowers, Cephalanthus Japanese silver southern balsam goatnut, Simmondsia Khingan Spanish gobernadora, Larrea Korean Spanish silver goddess-of-mercy-fir, Cryptomeria linpi lengshan subalpine gold-and-silver-flower, Lonicera lovely todo-matsu goldenchain tree, Laburnum Low silver Todomatsu goldenhills, Encelia Low white Turkey gooseberry, Ribes lowland white urajiro-momi Appalachian magnificent Veitch eastern prickly Manchurian Veitch silver Idaho Maries west Himalayan inland balck Mayr Sakhalin west Himalayan silver Missouri Mexican silver western white mountain Min white pasture Min-kiang yellow-fruited roundleaf momi fir pine, Abies Sierra Mt. Enos firecracker plant, Aesculus swamp needle five-stamen tamarisk, Tamarix white-stem Nikko flamboyan, Delonix gordonia, Gordonia Nikko-momi flametree, Delonix grandfather-graybeard, Chionanthus noble flannelbush, Fremontodendron grape, Vitis noble red California plum Nordmann Mexican swamp Oregon flooded-gum, Eucalyptus gravel plant, Epigaea oyamel Florida arrowroot, Zamia gravel weed, Epigaea O-shirabiso Florida pinxter, Rhododendron Gray’s saltbush, Grayia Pacific silver Florida-nutmeg, Torreya graybeard, Clematis Pacific white flowering-ash, Chionanthus grayia, Grayia Pindrow flowering-willow, Chilopsis greasewood, Larrea piño real blanco fountain tree, Spathodea greasewood, Sarcobatus pitch silver fox grape, Vitis ground hemlock, Taxus real blanco de la sierras Northern ground-laurel, Epigaea red foxberry, Vaccinium guamúchil, Pithecellobium red bark fragrant false indigo, Amorpha guanacaste, Enterolobium Rocky Mountain alpine Franklin tree, Franklinia Guelder rose, Viburnum Rocky Mountain subalpine franklinia, Franklinia gueles noires, Aronia Rocky Mountain white fremontia, Fremontodendron gum arabic tree, Acacia sacred California gum bumelia, Sideroxylon sacred Mexican silver eldorado gum elastic, Sideroxylon Sakhalin Mexican Santa Lucia French-mulbery, Callicarpa H sapin concolore fresno, Fraxinus hackberry, Celtis sapin du Vancouver frijolito, Sophora common sapin gracieux fringed sage, Artemisia netleaf sapin grandissime fringed spruce, Abies northern Shasta sugar Shasta red western

1212 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1213

hackmatack, Larix oneseed bigleaf shagbark hackmatack, Populus Ontario bitter water hardhack, Holodiscus parsley bitternut hardhack, Spiraea pasture mockernut Harford tree-poppy, Dendromecon pear nutmeg haw, Crataegus Pensacola pale apple Piper pallid blue plumleaf pignut dwarf Reverchon sand green riverflat scalybark parsley roundleaf shagbark red sandhill shellbark summer scarlet swamp yellow shining water hawthorn, Crataegus Siberian white Allegheny single-seed whiteheart anomalous small-fruited highbush-cranberry, Viburnum apple southern highland doghobble, Leucothoe apple haw succulent hobblebush, Viburnum apple-leaf sugar hog-apple, Crataegus Arnold summer hoghaw, Crataegus barberry sunny hognut, Carya beautiful tall holly, Ilex bigtree Texas American black thicket deciduous blueberry three-flower English Brainerd Tracy evergreen broadleaf Virginia mountain cerro Washington swamp chocolate waxy-fruited white cockspur weeping holly-bay, Gordonia Columbia western black hollywood, Heteromeles common willow honey-balls, Cephalanthus dotted yellow honeylocust, Gleditsia Douglas hazel, Corylus swamp downy American Texas English beaked honeysuckle, Lonicera English midland California Amur English woodland European Arizona entangled he-balsam, Picea bearberry fanleaf hearts-a-busting, Euonymus Belle fireberry heavenly-bamboo, Nandina blueleaf flat-topped hedge, Maclura California fleshy hediondilla, Larrea chaparral frosted hemlock, Tsuga coral glossy black coralline golden-fruit Canada dwarf green Carolina Etruscan Gregg eastern European Harbison mountain European fly Kansas Pacific fly large-fruited western grape littlehip hemptree, Vitex hairy longspine Hercules-club, Aralia Italian may Hercules-club, Zanthoxylum Japanese mountain hickory, Carya limber one-flowered big shagbark Manchurian

Index of Common Names • 1213 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1214

Morrow threadleaf jojoba, Simmondsia mountain horsebush, Grayia Joshua tree, Yucca mountain fly horsechestnut, Aesculus Jove’s fruit, Lindera orange American Judas-tree, Cercis purple flower Himalayan juneberry, Amelanchier southern horsetail beefwood, Casuarina jujube, Ziziphus Standish huckleberry, Gaylussacia common swamp fly black jumbie-bead, Adenanthera sweetberry highbush juneberry, Amelanchier Tatarian huckleberry, Vaccinium juniper, Juniperus trumpet California alligator twinberry evergreen Ashe’s Utah shot bigberry western white velvetleaf California whitebell huisache, Acacia checkered-bark winter cherrystone woodbine I common yellow incense-cedar, Calocedrus dwarf honeysuckle, Rhododendron California Mexican swamp incienso, Encelia oneseed hoop-pine, Araucaria Indian arrow-wood, Holodiscus Pinchot hophornbeam, Ostrya Indian arrow-wood, Philadelphus prostrate American Indian currant, Symphoricarpos red eastern Indian lilac, Melia redberry hopsage, grayia Indian peach, Oemleria river hoptree, Ptelea Indian plum, Oemleria Rocky Mountain common Indian soap-plant, Sapindas Sierra woolly common Indian-bean, Catalpa Utah hornbeam, Carpinus Indian-walnut, Aleurites west Texas American indigobush, Amorpha western European dwarf jutaby, Hymenaea heartleaf indigobush, Psorothamnus Japanese Mojave K oriental inkberry, Ilex kaki, Diospyros hornbeam, Ostrya inkberry, Lonicera keg fir, Diospyros hornbrush, Ceanothus ironbark, Eucalyptus keminyan, Styrax horse-apple, Maclura ironwood, Carpinus Kentucky coffeetree, Gymnocladus horsebean, Parkinsonia ironwood, Casuarina Kew-tree, Ginkgo horsebrush, Tetradymia ironwood, Olneya kiawe, Prosopis catclaw ironwood, Ostrya kingnut, Carya common island myrtle, Ceanothus kinnickinnick, Arctostaphylos cotton islay, Prunus kinnikinnik, Cornus cottonthorn Italian woodbine, Lonicera Klinki-pine, Araucaria dune ivy, Kalmia koa, Acacia four-part ivy-bush, Kalmia koa haole, Leucaena gray kochia, Kochia hairy J forage littleleaf jaboncillo, Sapindus prostrate longspine jano, Chilopsis kukui, Aleurites Mojave Japanese cornelian-cherry, Cornus Nuttall Japanese snowdrop tree, Styrax L shortspine Japanese-cedar, Cryptomeria Labrador-tea, Ledum smooth Jersey-tea, Ceanothus bog spiny Jerusalem-thorn, Parkinsonia marsh spineless jetbead, Rhodotypos western striped Jim brush, Ceanothus laburnum, Laburnum thorny jimbrush, Ceanothus common

1214 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1215

Scotch European white mahogany, Swietenia Waterer largeleaf bigleaf lacewood, Grevillea littleleaf Honduras lama, Aleurites pendent silver hybrid larch, Larix silver littleleaf alpine lingonberry, Vaccinium Pacific coast American linpi lengshan, Abies West Indies Dahurian little prince’s-pine, Chimaphila mahonia, Mahonia eastern Lobb fiddleleaf, Nama Chinese European loblolly-bay, Gordonia cluster Japanese locust, Ceratonia Fremont Montana locust, Robinia Japanese mountain black leatherleaf Russian bristly maibao, Alnus Siberian clammy maidenhair-tree, Ginkgo subalpine Hartweg mamane, Sophora western Holdt mangium, Acacia large-leaf cucumbertree, Magnolia Kelsey manzanita, Arctostaphylos laurel, Umbellularia Margarett bigberry laurel-leaves, Kalmia mossy Eastwood laurel-sumac, Rhus New Mexican greenleaf leadplant, Amorpha Rusby hoary leadtree, Leucaena longleaf ironwood, Casuarina Mexican lemon-gum, Eucalyptus lost camellia, Franklinia pointleaf lemonade berry, Rhus lost gordonia, Franklinia Pringle lensscale, Atriplex lumbang, Aleurites rosybract lentisco, Rhus lupine, Lupinus maple, Acer lespedeza, Lespedeza Inyo bush Amur bicolor longleaf bush ashleaf leafy Pauma bigleaf shrub silver bigtooth Thungerg Sims bush broadleaf leucaena, Leucaena whiteface dwarf leverwood, Ostrya hard life-of-man, Aralia M Japanese lilac, Syringa Madras thorn, Pithecellobium mountain Amur madrone, Arbutus Norway common madroño, Arbutus Oregon late maga, Thespesia paperbark Manchurian magnolia, Magnolia planetree Persian Ashe red villous bigleaf river lilac chastetree, Vitex cucumber rock lily-of-the-valley tree, Oxydendrum ear-leaf(ed) Rocky Mountain lime, Tilia evergreen Siberian American Fraser silver Caucasian greatleaf(ed) soft large-leaved mountain striped pendent white Puerto Rico sugar small-leaved pyramid swamp weeping shining sycamore linden, Tilia southern vine American sweetbay maple-silkwood, Flindersia bigleaf umbrella matrimony vine, Lycium common yellow cucumber Chinese Crimean mahala mat, Ceanothus may, Crataegus European mahaleb, Prunus mayday tree, Prunus

Index of Common Names • 1215 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1216

mayflower, Epigaea large-fruited Chamaecyparis mayhaw, Crataegus Pacific Norfolk-Island-pine, Araucaria eastern showy northern muscadine, Vitis rufous Sitka mountain nuez, Aleurites western small-fruited nuez de India, Aleurites meadow-fern, Myrica/Morella western nuez encarcelada, Carya meadowsweet, Spiraea mountain-ebony, Bauhinia mescalbean, Sophora mountain-holly, Nemopanthus O mesquite, Prosopis mountain-laurel, Kalmia O-shirabiso, Abies honey mountain-mahogany, Cercocarpus oak, Querecus mesquite alderleaf Ajo screwbean birchleaf Arizona velvet curlleaf Arizona white milo, Thespesia true barren mimosa tree, Albizia mountain-misery, Chamaebatia basket mock locust, Amorpha San Diego bastard mock orange, Philadelphus Sierran bear desert mountain-pink, Epigaea black Lewis mountain-spray, Holodiscus blackjack little-leaf moxieplum, Gaultheria blue littleleaf mulberry, Morus bluejack wild black bluff mock-orange, Styrax littleleaf bottomland red mockernut, Carya mountain Brewer molecule model plant, Eriogonum Persian bur molly, Kochia red California black gray Russian California blue green silkworm California live Molucca-albizia, Paraserianthes Texas California scrub momi, Abies white Californian white monkey-puzzle, Araucaria musclewood, Carpinus canyon monkey-puzzle-tree, Araucaria myrtlewood, Umbellularia canyon live monkeypod, Albizia Catesby monkeypod, Pithecellobium N cherrybark monks’peppertree, Vitex namboca, Juglans chestnut moosewood, Acer nandina, Nandina chinkapin moosewood, Dirca nangoon berry, Rubus coast live moosewood, Viburnum nannyberry, Shepherdia common red Moreton-Bay-pine, Araucaria nannyberry, Viburnum cork Mormon-tea, Ephedra nanten, Nandina cow gray narra, Pterocarpus Darlington green narrow-leafed oleaster, Elaeagnus Durand Nevada Nevada joint-fir, Ephedra Durand white Torrey New-Jersey-tea, Ceanothus durmast mountain andromeda, Pieris Nikko-momi, Abies eastern red mountain balm, Ceanothus ninebark, Physocarpus Elliot mountain cedar, Juniperus Amur Emory mountain fetterbush, Pieris Atlantic English mountain ivy, Kalmia common European turkey mountain pieris, Pieris dwarf fork-leaf white mountain sweeetpepperbush, Clethra mallow Gambel mountain whitethorn, Ceanothus mountain Garry mountain-ash, Sorbus Pacific goldcup American nogal, Juglans gray California nogal silvestre, Juglans highland live European nogalito, Juglans Hill Greene Nootka yellow-cypress, huckleberry

1216 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1217

interior live valley white palo blanco, Celtis iron Virginia live palo fierro, Olneya jack water palo rayo, Parkinsonia Kellogg water white palo verde, Parkinsonia laurel weeping blue live white yellow maul willow panicled golden raintree, mossy-overcup yellow Koelreuteria mossycup yellow chestnut paráiso, Melia mountain white yellow-bark parana-pine, Araucaria northern pin ocean-spray, Holodiscus parasol-pine, Sciadopitys northern red bush Parish goldenbush, Ericameria Nuttall creambush Parish goldenrod, Ericameria Oregon gland Parish goldenweed, Ericameria Oregon white Ogeechee-lime, Nyssa Parish heathgoldenrod, Ericameria oriental oilnut, Ilex partridge pea, Senna overcup oilnut, Juglans partridgeberry, Mitchella peach old-man’s-beard, Chionanthus paulownia, Paulownia pedunculate old-man’s-beard, Clematis pawpaw, Asimina pin oleaster, Elaeagnus common possum olive, Olea dwarf post olneya, Olneya small-flower quercitron opossum-wood, Halesia small-fruited red orchidtree, Bauhinia paxaque, Abies Red River pink pea-tree, Caragana rock Oregon grapeholly, Mahonia peach, Prunus rock chestnut Oregon larch, Abies common Rocky Mtn. white Oregon-cedar, Chamaecyparis peacock-pine, Cryptomeria sandjack Oregon-grape, Mahonia peacock-plume, Paraserianthes sawtooth Beale peacock’s plume, Paraserianthes scarlet Cascades pear, Pyrus Schneck Oregon-myrtle, Umbellularia Algerian scrub Oregon-tea tree, Ceanothus almond-leaf sessile oriental arborvitae, Platycladus birch-leaf shin Osage-orange, Maclura Callery shingle osoberry, Oemleria Caucasus shrub live oyamel, Abies Chinese Shumard Chinese pea Shumard red P common Sierra live Pacific madrone, Arbutus cultivated smooth-bark padauk, Pterocarpus elaeagnus-leaf southern red Burma European Spanish India evergreen spotted palm, Sabal Harbin stave cabbage heart-leaf swamp Puerto Rico hat India wild swamp chestnut palmetto, Sabal Japanese swamp post cabbage Japanese pea swamp red dwarf Kansu swamp Spanish etonia Korean pea swamp white Mexican Mamor Mountain swamp willow Oaxaca Manchurian tanbark Puerto Rico Pashia turbinella Rio Grande pea turkey scrub perry Utah white Sonoran Regel valley palmilla, Yucca sand

Index of Common Names • 1217 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1218

snow Bolander marsh Syrian border limber Merkus Ussuri Bosnian Mexican weeping wild European bottom white Mexican white willow-leaf bristlecone Monterey pecan, Carya bull mountain bitter Calabrian Muhgo sweet Canary North Carolina pecky cedar, Calocedrus Canary Island northern white pegwood, Cornus Caribbean Norway pencil cedar, Calocedrus cedar nut penstemon, Penstemon cembrian oldfield Bridges Chiapas white Pacific ponderosa bush Chihuahua pinaster crevice chilgoza piñyon Leonard Chir pitch littlecup cluster pocosin moth coast pond shrubby Coulter prickle-cone sidehill Del Mar prickly toadflax Digger radiata pepperbark, Zanthoxylum dwarf mountain red pepperidge, Nyssa dwarf Siberian rock pepperwood, Umbellularia eastern white Rocky Mountain lodgepole peronias, Adenanthera European black Rocky Mountain ponderosa persimmon, Diospyros foxtail Rocky Mountain white black Gerard sand common gray Santa Cruz Island eastern graybark Scots Japanesse Greek stone Scotch Texas hard scrub petty morrel, Aralia Heldreich shore pignut, Carya hickory shortleaf pinabete, Abies Himalayan Siberian stone pine, Pinus Honduras Sierra Nevada lodgepole Aleppo Hudson Bay silver Apache Idaho white slash Arizona Italian stone soft white Arizona longleaf jack Soledad Arizona ponderosa Japanese black South Florida slash Arizona yellow Japanese red southern Arkansas Japanese stone southern yellow Armand Japanese white southwestern white arolla Jeffrey spruce Austrian Jersey stone Balfour Jerusalem sugar Balkan Khasi swamp banksiana knobcone Swiss mountain bay Korean Swiss stone beach limber Table Mountain Benguet loblolly tamarack Bhutan lodgepole Tenasserim big-cone longleaf Torrey bishop longleaf Indian umbrella black longstraw Virginia blackjack Macedonian Washoe blue maritime whitebark

1218 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1219

western white poor-man’s-orchid, Bauhinia quercitron, Quercus western yellow popinac, Leucaena quickthorn, Crataegus Weymouth poplar, Liriodendron quinceberry, Cotoneaster yellow poplar, Populus yellow slash Andrews R pinemat, Ceanothus balsam rabbitbrush, Chrysothamnus piño macho, Zanthoxylum black alkali piño real, Pinus California basin whitestem rubber piñon, Pinus downy Douglas pinxter flower, Rhododendron Euphrates green pinxterbloom, Rhododendron European black green rubber piñyon, Pinus Fremont low Colorado gray Mojave Mexican Japanese mountain whitestem rubber Parry lanceleaf Parry singleleaf laurel rubber two-needle narrowleaf spearleaf pipissewa, Chimaphila Petrowsky threadleaf rubber little plains willowleaf rubber striped Rio Grande raintree, Albizia planetree, Platanus Russian raspberry, Rubus American Simon black California swamp blackcap oriental tacamahac flowering plum, Prunus western balsam purple-flowering Allegheny white red American popple, Populus real blanco de la sierras, Abies beach Port-Orford-cedar, Chamaecyparis red heat, Acacia bullace portiatree, Thespesia red-beech, Flindersia cherry Portuguese-cedar, Cupressus red-gum, Eucalyptus Chickasaw possumhaw, Ilex red-ironbark, Eucalyptus damson possumhaw, Viburnum red-willow, Cornus European powder-puff tree, Albizia redbay, Persea flowering prairie shoestrings, Amorpha redberry, Rhamnus garden prickly-ash, Aralia hollyleaf goose prickly-ash, Zanthoxylum island hog common spiny hortulan northern redberry, Shepherdia Klamath southern redbud, Cercis marianna pride-of-India, Lagerstroemia Arizona Munson pride-of-India, Melia California myrobalan prince’s-pine, Chimaphila eastern Oklahoma princess tree, Paulownia Mexican Pacific privet, Ligustrum Texas Porter California western red Chinese redcedar, Juniperus sand common eastern Sierra European Rocky Mountain western glossy southern wild yellow Japanese redcedar, Thuja wildgoose prostrate summer cypress, Kochia Pacific poison elder, Rhus purple laurel, Rhododendron western poison-ivy, Rhus redgum, Liquidambar poison-oak, Rhus Q redroot, Ceanothus poison-sumac, Rhus quailbush, Atriplex redwood, Sequoia pondcypress, Taxodium quaking asp, Populus California pondberry, Lindera Queensland-maple, Flindersia coast

Index of Common Names • 1219 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1220

retama palo de ray, Parkinsonia royal paulownia, Paulownia trident rhododendron, Rhododendron royal poinciana, Delonix saltbush, Zuckia Carolina running-fox, Mitchella saltcedar, Tamarix Catawba running-oak, Chamaebatia saman, Albizia Chapman Russian-olive, Elaeagnus sandbur, Ambrosia Cumberland sandthorn, Hippophae great laurel S sapin concolore, Abies Kamchatka sabina, Juniperus sapgum, Liquidambar Lapland sacred-bamboo, Nandina sarsaparilla, Aralia Pacific sage, Salvia bristly Piedmont black wild rosebay creeping sassafras, Sassafras west coast Dorr sau, Paraserianthes rhodora, Rhododendron purple savin, Juniperus ribbongum, Eucalyptus white saw-palmetto, Serenoa roble, Quercus sagebrush, Artemisia Scotch broom, Cytisus roble de olor, Catalpa basin big screwbean, Prosopis roble negro, Quercus big scrub-box, Lophostemon rock cedar, Juniperus Bigelow seaside mahoe, Thespesia rock-spirea, Holodiscus black Seminole-bread, Zamia romerillo, Abies low senna, Senna Rooseveltweed, Baccharis mountain big armed rope-bark, Dirca old man bladder rope-vine, Clematis pygmy spiny rose, Rosa rimrock serviceberry, Amelanchier baldhip sand Allegheny California scabland Canadian climbing silver common dog stiff downy dwarf threetip Huron hedgerow Vasey Pacific Japanese Wyoming big roundleaf meadow sago cycad, Zamia Saskatoon memorial saguaro, Carnegiea western multiflora Sakan, Aleurites thicket Nootka salal, Gaultheria shadblow, Amelanchier prairie salmonberry, Rubus thicket prickly saltbrush, Grayia shadbush, Amelanchier rugosa saltbush, Atriplex shore smooth allscale western sweetbriar Australian shagbark, Carya wichura basin she-balsam, Abies Woods big she-oak, Casuarina rosebay, Rhododendron broadscale beach California Castle Valley gray Catawba cattle river Lapland desert sheepberry, Viburnum mountain falcate sheepfat, Atriplex rough menodora, Menodora fourwing shellbark, Carya roundleaf cornel, Cornus Gardner big roundleaf juneberry, Amelanchier mat bottom rowan, Sorbus mound shinglewood, Thuja rowan-tree, Sorbus Nuttall shirabe, Abies royal palm, Roystonea shadscale shirabiso, Abies Cuban sickle shorebay, Persea Florida spiny Siberian peashrub, Caragana Puerto Rican trailing Sierra redwood, Sequoiadendron

1220 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1221

silk-oak, Grevillea snowdrop-tree, Halesia eastern silktassel, Garrya soapberry, Sapindus Engelmann ashy soapberry, Shepherdia Ezo canyon soapolalillie, Shepherdia Himalayan dwarf soapweed, Yucca Korea eggleaf sophora, Sophora Koyama wavyleaf sorrel-tree, Oxydendrum mountain Wright sour tupelo-gum, Nyssa Norway silktree, Albizia sour-bush, Callicarpa Porsild silkwood, Flindersia sourberry, Rhus red siltbush, Zuckia sourgum, Nyssa Sakhalin silver pine, Abies sourwood, Oxydendrum Serbian silver-oak, Grevillea southern nannyberry, Viburnum Siberian silver-top shining-gum, Eucalyptus sow-berry, Callicarpa Sitka silverbell, Halesia Spanish-bayonet, Yucca skunk silverberry, Elaeagnus Spanish-dagger, Yucca swamp silverberry, Shepherdia Spanish-mulberry, Callicarpa tideland silverling, Baccharis sparkleberry, Vaccinium weeping siris, Albizia spicebush, Lindera west Himalayan white bog West Virginia skunkberry, Lonicera common western skunkbush, Rhus Japanese white sloe, Prunus northern yeddo Allegheny southern yellow small custard-apple, Asimina spikenard, Aralia yezo smokebush, Cotinus small squaw mat, Ceanothus smokebush, Psorothamnus spindletree, Euonymus squaw plum, Oemleria Nevada European squaw-apple, Peraphyllum smoketree, Cotinus warty squaw-carpet, Ceanothus American winged squawberry, Lycium common spineless hopsage, Zuckia squawbush, Cornus European spiny hopsage, Grayia St. John’s bread, Ceratonia smoketree, Psorothamnus spiny-sage, Grayia stagbush, Viburnum smooth gallberry, Ilex spirea, Spiraea steeplebush, Spiraea snakeweed, Gutierrezia Alaska sticky-laurel, Ceanothus broom Appalachian stinking-cedar, Torreya perennial Beauverd stinking-yew, Torreya threadleaf birchleaf storax, Styrax snow eriogonum, Eriogonum Douglas strawberry-bush, Euonymus snowbell, Styrax Virginia American American spoonwood, Kalmia running bigleaf spotted wintergreen, Chimaphila striped cottonthorn, Tetradymia drug spruce, Picea striped prince’s-pine, Chimaphila fragrant Alaska styraxtree, Styrax Japanese Alberta sugarberry, Celtis styrax black sugarbush, Rhus Texas Black Hills sugi, Cryptomeria snowbell tree, Styrax blue sulfur wildbuckwheat, Eriogonum snowberry, Symphoricarpos bog sumac, Rhus Columbia Brewer desert common Canadian dwarf garden cat evergreen mountain Chinese false poison Parish coast fragrant Utah Colorado ill-scented western Colorado blue Kearney snowbush, Ceanothus dragon lemon

Index of Common Names • 1221 Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1222

lemonade tamarack, Larix trumpetvine, Campsis Mearns western tulipan Africano, Spathodea mountain tan bay, Gordonia tulip-poplar, Liriodendron prairie tanbark-oak, Lithocarpus tuliptree, Liriodendron scarlet tangle legs, Viburnum tung-oil tree, Vernicia scrub tanoak, Lithocarpus tupelo, Nyssa shining tarweed, Chamaebatia black small-leaf Ogeechee smooth Tasmania bluegum, Eucalyptus sour staghorn Tasmanian blackwood, Acacia swamp sugar teak, Tectona water swamp tesota, Olneya white sweet-scented Texas locust, Gleditsia tupelo-gum, Nyssa tobacco Texas mountain-laurel, Sophora turkey-apple, Crataegus velvet Texas possum-haw, Viburnum tutui, Aleurites wing-rib Texas-ebony, Ebenopsis two-eyed berry, Mitchella winged thespesia, Thespesia summer cypress, Kochia thimbleberrry, Rubus U summersweet, Clethra fragrant umbrella chinaberry, Melia woolly western umbrella-pine, Sciadopitys surai, Cupressus thorn, Crataegus Japanese swallow-thorn, Hippophae dwarf umbrella-tree, Melia swamp black-gum, Nyssa Eggert urajiro-momi, Abies swamp dewberry, Rubus green utis, Alnus swamp-cedar, Chamaecyparis hedge swamp-laurel, Magnolia Newcastle V swamp-mahogany, Eucalyptus parsley-leaf varnish tree, Koelreuteria swampbay, Persea shining venetian sumac, Cotinus swampbay persea, Persea southern viburnum, Virburnum swamphaw, Viburnum Washington arrowwood sweet gale, Myrica/Morella thorny-locust, Gleditsia hobblebush sweet pepperbush, Clethra thuja, Thuja mapleleaf Asiatic Japanese Rafinesque coastal Korean sweet mountain Sichuan witherod sweet pignut, Carya tingiringy-gum, Eucalyptus vine-bower, Clematis sweet-birch, Ceanothus tingle-tongue, Zanthoxylum vinegar-tree, Lophostemon sweet-breath-of-spring, Lonicera tobacco brush, Ceanothus virgilia, Cladrastis sweet-locust, Gleditsia todo-matsu, Abies virgin’s-bower, Clematis sweetbay, Magnolia Todomatsu, Abies eastern evergreen toona, Toona Texas southern toothache-tree, Zanthoxylum Virginia sweetgum, Liquidambar tornillo, Prosopis western American Torrey’s joint-fir, Ephedra sweethaw, Viburnum torreya, Torreya W Swiss pine, Abies California wafer-ash, Ptelea switch ivy, Leucothoe Florida wahoo, Euonymus sycamore, Platanus toyon, Heteromeles wahoo, Ulmus American trailing-arbutus, Epigaea walnut, Juglans California trapper’s-tea, Ledum American western traveler’s-joy, Clematis Arizona syringa, Philadelphus tree-anemone, Carpenteria Arizona balck tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus black T tree-poppy, Dendromecon California tallowbrush, Cercocarpus tremble, Populus Carpathian tallowtree, Triadica trueno de seto, Ligustrum eastern black Chinese trumpet-flower, Campsis English

1222 • Woody Plant Seed Manual Part 3 Backmatter Layout 1/31/08 1:15 PM Page 1223

Hinds wild-olive, Shepherdia yellow-cedar, Chamaecyparis Hinds black wild-raisin, Viburnum Alaska Japanese willow, Salix yellow-poplar, Liriodendron little arctic yellowwood, Cladrastis northern California arroyo Kentucky Persian Bebb American river black yellowwood, Cotinus Siebold Booth yellowwood, Frangula southern California coastal plain yerba de pasmo, Baccharis Texas cordate yew, Taxus Texas black coyote Canada white creeping Chinese water jacket, Lycium diamondleaf common waterlocust, Gleditsia feltleaf eastern wattle, Acacia Geyer English black meadow Florida green Pacific Guatemalan Sally peachleaf Himalayan Sidney black pussy Honduran wax-myrtle, Myrica/Morella sandbar Japanese California Scouler Maire southern weeping Mexican waxberry, Myrica/Morella white Pacific wayfaringtree, Viburnum yellow Yunnan waythorn, Rhamnus wineberry, Rubus yokewood, Catalpa western Catawba-tree, Catalpa winter-pink, Epigaea yucca, Yucca western soapberry, Sapindas winterberry, Ilex Great Plains white fringetree, Chionanthus common Mojave white poplar, Liriodendron mountain soaptree white sassafras, Sassafras winterfat, Krascheninnikovia tree white-cedar, Chamaecyparis wintergreen, Gaultheria Atlantic mountain-tea Z Port-Orford Oregon zarcilla, Leucaena southern wintersage, Grayia Zitterpappel, Populus white-cedar, Thuja witch-hazel, Hamamelis eastern American Northern Chinese white-gum, Eucalyptus Japanese white-sage, Krascheninnikovia Ozark whitethorn, Crataegus witch-hobble, Viburnum whitewood, Liriodendron witherod, Viburnum wicopy, Dirca wolfberry, Elaeagnus wild allspice, Lindera wolfberry, Lycium wild China-tree, Sapindus Anderson wild lilac, Ceanothus Chinese wild orange, Prunus Rich wild vine, Vitis wolfberry, Symphoricarpos wild-alder, Aralia woman’s-tongue wild-buckwheat, Eriogonum woodbine, Parthenocissus cushion woolly common hoptree, Ptelea James woolly nama, Nama Shockley wristwood, Viburnum shortstem snow Y sulfurflower yaupon, Ilex Wyeth yellow hercules, Zanthoxylum wild-oleaster, Shepherdia

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