DOCSLIB.ORG

Research on Spontaneous and Subspontaneous Flora of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research on Spontaneous and Subspontaneous Flora of Botanical Garden Volume 19(2), 176- 189, 2015 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Research on spontaneous and subspontaneous flora of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou Szatmari P-M*.1,, Căprar M. 1 1) Biological Research Center, Botanical Garden “Vasile Fati” Jibou, Wesselényi Miklós Street, No. 16, 455200 Jibou, Romania; *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract The research presented in this paper had the purpose of Key words inventory and knowledge of spontaneous and subspontaneous plant species of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou, Salaj, Romania. Following systematic Jibou Botanical Garden, investigations undertaken in the botanical garden a large number of spontaneous flora, spontaneous taxons were found from the Romanian flora (650 species of adventive and vascular plants and 20 species of moss). Also were inventoried 38 species of subspontaneous plants, adventive plants, permanently established in Romania and 176 vascular plant floristic analysis, Romania species that have migrated from culture and multiply by themselves throughout the garden. In the garden greenhouses were found 183 subspontaneous species and weeds, both from the Romanian flora as well as tropical plants introduced by accident. Thus the total number of wild species rises to 1055, a large number compared to the occupied area. Some rare spontaneous plants and endemic to the Romanian flora (Galium abaujense, Cephalaria radiata, Crocus banaticus) were found. Cultivated species that once migrated from culture, accommodated to environmental conditions and conquered new territories; standing out is the Cyrtomium falcatum fern, once escaped from the greenhouses it continues to develop on their outer walls. Jibou Botanical Garden is the second largest exotic species can adapt and breed further without any botanical garden in Romania, after "Anastasie Fătu" care [11]. Botanical Garden from Iaşi, with an area of 27 ha. Due to the large size, there are still numerous areas that are Material and Methods not landscaped and have slightly altered former The studies were conducted over the course of vegetation. Thus within the garden there are forests of 17 months, between 2013 and 2014, by monitoring all Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and European beech periods of vegetation. The plants were observed (Fagus sylvatica), scrublands, stretched mesophilic and directly in the field, and unknown species were xerophyte hayfields, calcareous rockery and smaller collected and determined with the use of determinators marshes with characteristic vegetation, but also ruderal [5, 20]. Species nomenclature is consistent with The surfaces occupied by adventive and invasive species. Plant List [26] site and APG III classification system. Knowledge and the classification of the spontaneous The garden seed catalogs were analyzed for the vegetation is thus necessary because no previous introduction of various exotic species in culture. The studies have been made on them. „Caracterizare ecologică și fitocenologică a speciilor Also because the studied area spans over an spontane din flora României” [18] advisor was used entire botanical garden it is a good opportunity to for the analysis of bioforms, geo-elements and the research wild exotic flora and its adaptation to local ecology of native species. environmental conditions. Many species around the The Botanical Garden is part of the Biological world considered today adventive and invasive have Research Institute from Jibou and was founded in had as starting point botanical gardens, from which 1968 on the initiative of Professor Vasile Fati. It spans they escaped and subsequently dispersed in in the over the park area of the medieval castle, former indigenous flora of those countries. Because of this, residence of Wesselényi family. Over the years the botanical gardens and greenhouses are an extremely Botanical Garden area increased considerably, reaching interesting environment in terms of flora research, but 27 ha; located at an altitude of approximately 272 m it often underappreciated [11]. In Romania the extent of has avaried topography with relatively few flat such research is very low, only several studies being surfaces. Pedo-climatic and floristic studies of the area made on the plants escaped from the Botanical Garden were carried out during 1959-1968 by leading botanists in Cluj-Napoca [23, 9] and Bucharest [1]. from Romania [7, 19]. The geographical coordinates of Greenhouses are an exciting environment to the garden are 47º 16' N and 23º 15' E longitude [27]. study because they have different soil and climatic conditions compared to the outside, in which numerous 176 Results and Discussions banaticus, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris affinis, Throughout the garden area there were Hepatica nobilis, Impatiens noli-tangere, Mercurialis recorded a number of 1055 spontaneous and perennis, Sanicula europaea, Scilla kladnii, Stachys subspontaneous plants, from 113 families of vascular alpina. plants and 12 families of moss; extremely high The Turkey oak forest from "Romanian numbers for only 27 ha. Among these,650 plants are Flora" and "Zoologic" sector shide precious specimens from Romanian flora and 20 species of moss. Table 1. of old trees such as: Quercus robur, Sorbus torminalis, records 638 species that are from the external sector. In Fraxinus excelsior.Some remarkable species are: the microproduction greenhouses were recorded other Galium abaujense, Cephalanthera damasonium, Silene native species that are not found outside the viscaria, Melittis mellisophyllum, Berberis vulgaris, greenhouse, such as Centaurium pulchellum, Crataegus rhipidophylla, Hypericum hirsutum, Malus Gnaphalium uliginosum, Laphangium luteoalbum, sylvestris, Trifolium medium subsp. banaticum, Vicia Cystopteris fragilis, Calluna vulgaris, which probably cassubica. arrived here from the soil brought from neighboring Limestone rockery from the south-west areas of the city. A number of 38 representatives from area preserves species such as: Linum flavum, Linum adventitious species are found permanently established tenuifolium, Rhamnus saxatilis subsp. tinctorius, in the Romanian flora (Table 2.). Among these there Galium glaucum, Inula ensifolia, Anthericum are some rare species such as Helminthotheca ramosum, Campanula sibirica, Chamaecytisus albus, echioides. The number of exotic species escaped from Inula conyza, Trifolium rubens, Cerinthe minor, culture in the outer sectors is also high - 176 species, Cephalaria radiata. and in the greenhouses 183 species escaped from Main hayfields are dominated previous cultures or accidentally introduced from the byArrhenatherum elatius and Bromus erectus.Among native or tropical wild flora, (Table 3. and 4.). The the interesting plants are: Polygala major, Aster external sectors have a total of 852 superior taxas, amellus, Ornithogalum pyramidale, Centaurea indigenous or escaped from cultures wild plants, which oxylepis, Carex humilis, Colchicum autumnale, multiply by themselves and find good conditions to Cruciata pedemontana, Dianthus giganteiformis subsp. adapt. pontederae, Helictotrichon pubescens, Knautia The largest families with over 20 arvensis subsp. rosea, Lithospermum officinale, representatives are: Asteraceae (100 species), Poaceae Melampyrum arvense, Onobrychis arenaria, (68), Rosaceae (66), Fabaceae (45), Lamiaceae (45), Peucedanum carvifolia, Rosa gallica, Trisetum Brassicaceae (36), Caryophyllaceae (30), Apiaceae flavescens. (28), Plantaginaceae (28), Cyperaceae (26), Grasslands and ruderal areas also include Polygonaceae (21), and Ranunculaceae (21 species). interesting species: Crepis nicaeensis, Helminthotheca The genus with the most species are: Carex (19 echioides, Brassica nigra, Chenopodium glaucum, species), Veronica (16), Euphorbia (14), Rubus (12), Kickxia elatine, Kickxia spuria, Verbascum thapsus, Potentilla (10), and Rumex (10 species). Veronica dillenii. Among wetlands and ponds of water the Spontaneous flora following species are found: Veronica anagalloides, The conducted studies took place in all sectors Alisma lanceolatum, Ranunculus sceleratus, of the botanical garden, external and in the Potamogeton crispus, Plantago uliginosa, Rumex greenhouses. Spontaneous species in the botanical hydrolapathum, Rumex maritimus. garden are listed in Table 1. Most spontaneous species As seen in Tabel 1., the indigenous flora were recorded in large sectors or still partly landscaped includes 638 species of vascular plants in the sectors of sectors such as "Romanian Flora", "Vine Valley", the botanical garden, and 12 indigenous spontaneous "Arboretum", "Systematic", "Zoologic", species inside the greenhouses (Table 4.); these species "Phytogeographic", and "Economy". In areas with were not observed in the exterior gardens. Among the native vegetation dominates the following species: most important species stand out the ones from The the European beech forest (Fagus Red List or Natura 2000 (Rumex thyrsiflorus, sylvatica) from the "Vine Valley" represents a forest Cephalaria radiata), as well as other rare plants from with archaic vegetation, atypical species for the the Romanian flora (Cephalanthera damasonium, surrounding hills, rather reminiscent to the low Galium abaujense, Hieracium maculatum, Leontodon mountain areas. Among the most interesting species saxatilis, Mentha arvensis subsp. austriaca) [5, 8, 17, there are: Aposeris foetida, Ranunculus lanuginosus, 25]. Cerastium sylvaticum, Carex pendula, Atropa Also found are species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Types of American Grasses
    z LIBRARY OF Si AS-HITCHCOCK AND AGNES'CHASE 4: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM oL TiiC. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE United States National Herbarium Volume XII, Part 3 TXE&3 OF AMERICAN GRASSES . / A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS, GRONOVIUS, SLOANE, SWARTZ, AND MICHAUX By A. S. HITCHCOCK z rit erV ^-C?^ 1 " WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued June 18, 1908 ii PREFACE The accompanying paper, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, u entitled Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux," is an important contribution to our knowledge of American grasses. It is regarded as of fundamental importance in the critical sys- tematic investigation of any group of plants that the identity of the species described by earlier authors be determined with certainty. Often this identification can be made only by examining the type specimen, the original description being inconclusive. Under the American code of botanical nomenclature, which has been followed by the author of this paper, "the nomenclatorial t}rpe of a species or subspecies is the specimen to which the describer originally applied the name in publication." The procedure indicated by the American code, namely, to appeal to the type specimen when the original description is insufficient to identify the species, has been much misunderstood by European botanists. It has been taken to mean, in the case of the Linnsean herbarium, for example, that a specimen in that herbarium bearing the same name as a species described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum must be taken as the type of that species regardless of all other considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
    Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
    Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales
    [Show full text]
  • MVG 21 – Other Grasslands, Herblands, Sedgelands and Rushlands
    NVIS Fact sheet MVG 21 – Other grasslands, herblands, sedgelands and rushlands Australia’s native vegetation is a rich and fundamental • communities and support a large range of species, partly element of our natural heritage. It binds and nourishes as a result of their geographical range, and variation in our ancient soils; shelters and sustains wildlife, protects soils and site conditions streams, wetlands, estuaries, and coastlines; and absorbs • include many plant species capable of vegetative carbon dioxide while emitting oxygen. The National reproduction by rhizomes, or stolons Vegetation Information System (NVIS) has been developed • can comprise associated species that may include and maintained by all Australian governments to provide perennial forbs or/and short-lived ephemeral plants that a national picture that captures and explains the broad proliferate after seasonal or cyclonic rains, to longer-term diversity of our native vegetation. perennials that rely on underground organs such This is part of a series of fact sheets which the Australian as rhizomes Government developed based on NVIS Version 4.2 data to • occur on a range of sites including intermittently provide detailed descriptions of the major vegetation groups inundated depressions, margins of perennial freshwater (MVGs) and other MVG types. The series is comprised of lagoons and brackish tidal or inland wetlands. Ferns tend a fact sheet for each of the 25 MVGs to inform their use by to dominate specific humid areas where the environment planners and policy makers. An additional eight MVGs are is less variable between seasons available outlining other MVG types. • have structurally distinctive features of landscape that provide a variety of habitats for faunal species For more information on these fact sheets, including its limitations and caveats related to its use, please see: • may be associated with an overstorey of scattered and ‘Introduction to the Major Vegetation Group (MVG) isolated trees fact sheets’.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Systematics of the Tribe Thlaspideae (Brassicaceae) and the Recognition of Two New Genera Shokouh Esmailbegi, Ihsan A
    Vol. 67 (2) • April 2018 International Journal of Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Evolution Electronic Supplement to Phylogeny and systematics of the tribe Thlaspideae (Brassicaceae) and the recognition of two new genera Shokouh Esmailbegi, Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Milan Pouch, Terezie Mandáková, Klaus Mummenhoff, Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad, Mansour Mirtadzadini & Martin A. Lysak Taxon 67: 324–340 (https://doi.org/10.12705/672.4) https://doi.org/10.12705/672.4.S1 (DNA sequence alignment: https://doi.org/10.12705/672.4.S2) TAXON 67 (2) • April 2018 Electr. Suppl. to: Esmailbegi & al. • Phylogeny and systematics of Thlaspideae (Brassicaceae) Table S1. ITS and trnL-F primers used in phylogenetic study. Gene Primer Sequence Reference ITS ITS1 TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G White & al., 1990 ITS4 TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC White & al., 1990 ITS-18F GGA AGG AGA AGT CGT AAC AAG G Mummenhoff & al., 1997 trnL-F tabC CGA AAT CGG TAG ACG CTA CG Shaw & al., 2005 tabF ATT TGA ACT GGT GAC ACG AG Shaw & al., 2005 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Pp. 315–322 in: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.), PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. San Diego: Academic Press. Mummenhoff, K., Franzke, A. & Koch, M. 1997. Molecular data reveal convergence in fruit characters used in the classification of Thlaspi s.l. (Brassicaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 125: 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1997.tb02253.x Shaw, J., Lickey, E., Beck, J.T., Farmer, S.B., Liu, W., Miller, J., Siripun, K.C., Winder, C.T., Schilling, E.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial and Highland Bentgrass (Agrostis Sp.) Tom Cook Assoc. Professor Hort. Oregon State University Introduction: in Areas We
    Colonial and Highland bentgrass (Agrostis sp.) Tom Cook Assoc. Professor Hort. Oregon State University Introduction: In areas west of the Cascade Mountains from Vancouver, BC as far south as Grants Pass, OR and along the coast clear down to the San Francisco, CA area, bentgrasses are arguably the most important grasses used for turf. Ironically, they have rarely been knowingly planted since approximately the mid-1970’s. Today, bentgrasses most often come into lawns as contaminants in soil and in some cases in seed or sod mixtures. Despised by the seed trade and many people involved in commercial landscape maintenance, bentgrasses are uniquely suited to the mild climate and consistently out compete even the most elite cultivars of perennial ryegrass, fine fescues, Tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass. Like it or not bentgrass is here to stay! Taxonomy and history: The taxonomy of bentgrasses is complicated and confusing because it involves numerous species and interspecies hybrids that are very similar in appearance. To make matters worse, early plantings dating back to frontier days were composed of mixtures of species brought to America from Europe. Today in any stand of bentgrass you are likely to find three or four different species. In A.S. Hitchcocks “Manual of the Grasses of the United States” (1971) first published in 1935, he describes Colonial bentgrass as Agrostis tenuis Sibth. In his own words, “This species appears not to be native in America; it has been referred to A. capillaris L., a distinct species in Europe.” The wording in this description is odd and it is not clear if he means that Agrostis tenuis is in fact Agrostis capillaris or is a distinct species that is related to Agrostis capillaris.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Application for Phylogenetic Marker Development Using Angiosperm Transcriptomes Author(S): Srikar Chamala, Nicolás García, Grant T
    MarkerMiner 1.0: A New Application for Phylogenetic Marker Development Using Angiosperm Transcriptomes Author(s): Srikar Chamala, Nicolás García, Grant T. Godden, Vivek Krishnakumar, Ingrid E. Jordon- Thaden, Riet De Smet, W. Brad Barbazuk, Douglas E. Soltis, and Pamela S. Soltis Source: Applications in Plant Sciences, 3(4) Published By: Botanical Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/apps.1400115 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3732/apps.1400115 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ApApplicatitionsons Applications in Plant Sciences 2015 3 ( 4 ): 1400115 inin PlPlant ScienSciencesces S OFTWARE NOTE M ARKERMINER 1.0: A NEW APPLICATION FOR PHYLOGENETIC 1 MARKER DEVELOPMENT USING ANGIOSPERM TRANSCRIPTOMES S RIKAR C HAMALA 2,12 , N ICOLÁS G ARCÍA 2,3,4 * , GRANT T . G ODDEN 2,3,5 * , V IVEK K RISHNAKUMAR 6 , I NGRID E.
    [Show full text]
  • Elderberry (Pdf)
    f BWSR Featured Plant Name : American Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis L.) Plant Family: Adoxaceae (Moschatel) American Elderberry is a shrub that is Statewide Wetland both beautiful and functional. Its showy Indicator Status: white flowers develop into black berries FACW that are used by a wide variety of birds and mammals. Carpenter and mason bees also use its stems for nesting and it provides pollen for a wide variety native bees, flies and beetles. Its ability to form dense stands in riparian areas makes it well suited to buffer planting and other The flat-topped shape of the flower head soil stabilization projects. is very distinctive photo by Dave Hanson The leaves are long and lace- Identification like in shape Photo by Dave This thicket-forming shrub can be identified by its unique flowers and berries. The Hanson stems are tall, erect, and arching. The newest branches are green in color and glabrous. Older branches are grayish-brown, and have warty-like lenticels. With age the branches become rougher. The leaves are pinnately compound and deciduous with elliptical or lance-like leaflets. Leaflet surfaces are dark green, slightly hairy, and have finely serrated margins. Bases of the leaves are rounded, while the tips abruptly come to a point. The stalks of the leaflets are green with a hairy channel running up the stalk. Numerous flat-topped flower heads appear and bloom from late June to early August. Flowers are white and have a very distinctive odor. The fruit, which is a round berry, ripens from July to August. Although the purple-black fruit is edible, it is slightly bitter.
    [Show full text]
  • Luronium Natans
    Luronium natans Status UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority species. Nationally Scarce. Schedule 8, Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981). IUCN Threat category: Least concern (2005). Taxonomy Magnoliopsida: Alismataceae Scientific names: Luronium natans (L.) Raf. Common names: Floating Water-plantain, Dŵr-lyriad Nofiadwy Luronium natans (Alisma natans L.) is a distinct member of the Water-plantain family, and is the only representative of its genus. Biology & Distribution Luronium is under-recorded due to its generally submerged aquatic habitat, shy flowering, great phenotypic plasticity and similarity to other aquatic plants. The leaves do not tend to be caught on NB. Floating grapnels or get washed ashore and often the easiest leaves are way to find it in water is to dive or use a long hooked usually more blunt than pole. It may also be found easily when exposed in Submerged illustrated seasonal ponds. The species can grow in both isolated leaves clumps or extensive lawns on the bottom of canals, lochs, ponds, etc., in water up to 4 m depth. Figure 1. Luronium natans (from J. Sowerby & J. E. Sowerby Although its stronghold is Wales and the Welsh (1902). English Botany. London) borders, it has been found recently in Cumbria, Scotland and Ireland where it is probably an over- that they have flat leaves). In still or gently flowing looked native rather than a recent arrival; it may well water the submerged rosette leaves are typically c. 5-15 be more widespread still. cm long, strongly flattened, linear-triangular, tapering uniformly from a base c. 4-7 mm wide to a fine acute Identification & Field survey tip.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny and Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Dipsacales, with Special Reference to Sinadoxa and Tetradoxa (Adoxaceae)
    PHYLOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY OF DIPSACALES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SINADOXA AND TETRADOXA (ADOXACEAE) MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE,1 TORSTEN ERIKSSON,2 PATRICK A. REEVES,3 AND RICHARD G. OLMSTEAD 3 Abstract. To further clarify phylogenetic relationships within Dipsacales,we analyzed new and previously pub- lished rbcL sequences, alone and in combination with morphological data. We also examined relationships within Adoxaceae using rbcL and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. We conclude from these analyses that Dipsacales comprise two major lineages:Adoxaceae and Caprifoliaceae (sensu Judd et al.,1994), which both contain elements of traditional Caprifoliaceae.Within Adoxaceae, the following relation- ships are strongly supported: (Viburnum (Sambucus (Sinadoxa (Tetradoxa, Adoxa)))). Combined analyses of C ap ri foliaceae yield the fo l l ow i n g : ( C ap ri folieae (Diervilleae (Linnaeeae (Morinaceae (Dipsacaceae (Triplostegia,Valerianaceae)))))). On the basis of these results we provide phylogenetic definitions for the names of several major clades. Within Adoxaceae, Adoxina refers to the clade including Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa, and Adoxa.This lineage is marked by herbaceous habit, reduction in the number of perianth parts,nectaries of mul- ticellular hairs on the perianth,and bifid stamens. The clade including Morinaceae,Valerianaceae, Triplostegia, and Dipsacaceae is here named Valerina. Probable synapomorphies include herbaceousness,presence of an epi- calyx (lost or modified in Valerianaceae), reduced endosperm,and distinctive chemistry, including production of monoterpenoids. The clade containing Valerina plus Linnaeeae we name Linnina. This lineage is distinguished by reduction to four (or fewer) stamens, by abortion of two of the three carpels,and possibly by supernumerary inflorescences bracts. Keywords: Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales, ITS, morphological characters, phylogeny, phylogenetic taxonomy, phylogenetic nomenclature, rbcL, Sinadoxa, Tetradoxa.
    [Show full text]
  • 11-122. 2000 11
    FERN GAZ. 16(1, 2)11-122. 2000 11 CHECKLIST OF THE PTERIDOPHYTES OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Y. S. BAKSH-COMEAU The National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago. Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, West Indies Key words: checklist, Trinidad and Tobago pteridophytes, types, habitat, distribution. ABSTRACT Three hundred and two species and eight varieties or subspecies in 27 families and 77 genera of ferns and fern allies are listed. Four new combinations and states are made, and one synonym lectotypified. A serious attempt has been made to establish types; selections of specimens studied are cited. INTRODUCTION Recent studies of ferns in Trinidad and Tobago (Baksh-Comeau, 1996, 1999) have combined a review of the pteridophyte collection at The National Herbarium of Trinidad & Tobago with field surveys undertaken to assess the community status of these plants on both islands. This checklist has been developed as an integral part of those studies, but it is also an essential prerequisite to ongoing research covering a reclassification of the vegetation of the islands and to the preparation of a comprehensive vascular plant flora. The herbarium count and field survey revealed 251 species confirmed by voucher specimens housed in Trinidad. Additional species have been attributed to Trinidad or Tobago in early publications for Trinidad and in Floras and monographs for neighbouring areas. The number of species now believed to be indigenous in these islands is 282. Cultivated species that have escaped, and introductions which have become naturalized number 20. Early reports include Grisebach (1859-64) who listed 106 species; Eaton (1878) approximately 78 of the 150 or so species eventually collected by August Fendler; Jenman (1887) had about 184 species; Anon (1889) listed 206 binomials including a few introduced taxa; Jenman (1898-1909), in an incomplete coverage of the fern flora, described 140 taxa of which 10 were new species; Hart (1908), including some cultivated plants, listed 283 binomials of pteridophytes.
    [Show full text]
  • Floerkea Proserpinacoides Willdenow False Mermaid-Weed
    New England Plant Conservation Program Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow False Mermaid-weed Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: William H. Moorhead III Consulting Botanist Litchfield, Connecticut and Elizabeth J. Farnsworth Senior Research Ecologist New England Wild Flower Society Framingham, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, December 2003 1 SUMMARY Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow, false mermaid-weed, is an herbaceous annual and the only member of the Limnanthaceae in New England. The species has a disjunct but widespread range throughout North America, with eastern and western segregates separated by the Great Plains. In the east, it ranges from Nova Scotia south to Louisiana and west to Minnesota and Missouri. In the west, it ranges from British Columbia to California, east to Utah and Colorado. Although regarded as Globally Secure (G5), national ranks of N? in Canada and the United States indicate some uncertainly about its true conservation status in North America. It is listed as rare (S1 or S2) in 20% of the states and provinces in which it occurs. Floerkea is known from only 11 sites total in New England: three historic sites in Vermont (where it is ranked SH), one historic population in Massachusetts (where it is ranked SX), and four extant and three historic localities in Connecticut (where it is ranked S1, Endangered). The Flora Conservanda: New England ranks it as a Division 2 (Regionally Rare) taxon. Floerkea inhabits open or forested floodplains, riverside seeps, and limestone cliffs in New England, and more generally moist alluvial soils, mesic forests, springy woods, and streamside meadows throughout its range.
    [Show full text]