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Volume 19(2), 176- 189, 2015 JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology www.journal-hfb.usab-tm.ro Research on spontaneous and subspontaneous flora of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou Szatmari P-M*.1,, Căprar M. 1 1) Biological Research Center, Botanical Garden “Vasile Fati” Jibou, Wesselényi Miklós Street, No. 16, 455200 Jibou, Romania; *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract The research presented in this paper had the purpose of Key words inventory and knowledge of spontaneous and subspontaneous plant species of Botanical Garden "Vasile Fati" Jibou, Salaj, Romania. Following systematic Jibou Botanical Garden, investigations undertaken in the botanical garden a large number of spontaneous flora, spontaneous taxons were found from the Romanian flora (650 species of adventive and vascular plants and 20 species of moss). Also were inventoried 38 species of subspontaneous plants, adventive plants, permanently established in Romania and 176 vascular plant floristic analysis, Romania species that have migrated from culture and multiply by themselves throughout the garden. In the garden greenhouses were found 183 subspontaneous species and weeds, both from the Romanian flora as well as tropical plants introduced by accident. Thus the total number of wild species rises to 1055, a large number compared to the occupied area. Some rare spontaneous plants and endemic to the Romanian flora (Galium abaujense, Cephalaria radiata, Crocus banaticus) were found. Cultivated species that once migrated from culture, accommodated to environmental conditions and conquered new territories; standing out is the Cyrtomium falcatum fern, once escaped from the greenhouses it continues to develop on their outer walls. Jibou Botanical Garden is the second largest exotic species can adapt and breed further without any botanical garden in Romania, after "Anastasie Fătu" care [11]. Botanical Garden from Iaşi, with an area of 27 ha. Due to the large size, there are still numerous areas that are Material and Methods not landscaped and have slightly altered former The studies were conducted over the course of vegetation. Thus within the garden there are forests of 17 months, between 2013 and 2014, by monitoring all Turkey oak (Quercus cerris) and European beech periods of vegetation. The plants were observed (Fagus sylvatica), scrublands, stretched mesophilic and directly in the field, and unknown species were xerophyte hayfields, calcareous rockery and smaller collected and determined with the use of determinators marshes with characteristic vegetation, but also ruderal [5, 20]. Species nomenclature is consistent with The surfaces occupied by adventive and invasive species. Plant List [26] site and APG III classification system. Knowledge and the classification of the spontaneous The garden seed catalogs were analyzed for the vegetation is thus necessary because no previous introduction of various exotic species in culture. The studies have been made on them. „Caracterizare ecologică și fitocenologică a speciilor Also because the studied area spans over an spontane din flora României” [18] advisor was used entire botanical garden it is a good opportunity to for the analysis of bioforms, geo-elements and the research wild exotic flora and its adaptation to local ecology of native species. environmental conditions. Many species around the The Botanical Garden is part of the Biological world considered today adventive and invasive have Research Institute from Jibou and was founded in had as starting point botanical gardens, from which 1968 on the initiative of Professor Vasile Fati. It spans they escaped and subsequently dispersed in in the over the park area of the medieval castle, former indigenous flora of those countries. Because of this, residence of Wesselényi family. Over the years the botanical gardens and greenhouses are an extremely Botanical Garden area increased considerably, reaching interesting environment in terms of flora research, but 27 ha; located at an altitude of approximately 272 m it often underappreciated [11]. In Romania the extent of has avaried topography with relatively few flat such research is very low, only several studies being surfaces. Pedo-climatic and floristic studies of the area made on the plants escaped from the Botanical Garden were carried out during 1959-1968 by leading botanists in Cluj-Napoca [23, 9] and Bucharest [1]. from Romania [7, 19]. The geographical coordinates of Greenhouses are an exciting environment to the garden are 47º 16' N and 23º 15' E longitude [27]. study because they have different soil and climatic conditions compared to the outside, in which numerous 176 Results and Discussions banaticus, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris affinis, Throughout the garden area there were Hepatica nobilis, Impatiens noli-tangere, Mercurialis recorded a number of 1055 spontaneous and perennis, Sanicula europaea, Scilla kladnii, Stachys subspontaneous plants, from 113 families of vascular alpina. plants and 12 families of moss; extremely high The Turkey oak forest from "Romanian numbers for only 27 ha. Among these,650 plants are Flora" and "Zoologic" sector shide precious specimens from Romanian flora and 20 species of moss. Table 1. of old trees such as: Quercus robur, Sorbus torminalis, records 638 species that are from the external sector. In Fraxinus excelsior.Some remarkable species are: the microproduction greenhouses were recorded other Galium abaujense, Cephalanthera damasonium, Silene native species that are not found outside the viscaria, Melittis mellisophyllum, Berberis vulgaris, greenhouse, such as Centaurium pulchellum, Crataegus rhipidophylla, Hypericum hirsutum, Malus Gnaphalium uliginosum, Laphangium luteoalbum, sylvestris, Trifolium medium subsp. banaticum, Vicia Cystopteris fragilis, Calluna vulgaris, which probably cassubica. arrived here from the soil brought from neighboring Limestone rockery from the south-west areas of the city. A number of 38 representatives from area preserves species such as: Linum flavum, Linum adventitious species are found permanently established tenuifolium, Rhamnus saxatilis subsp. tinctorius, in the Romanian flora (Table 2.). Among these there Galium glaucum, Inula ensifolia, Anthericum are some rare species such as Helminthotheca ramosum, Campanula sibirica, Chamaecytisus albus, echioides. The number of exotic species escaped from Inula conyza, Trifolium rubens, Cerinthe minor, culture in the outer sectors is also high - 176 species, Cephalaria radiata. and in the greenhouses 183 species escaped from Main hayfields are dominated previous cultures or accidentally introduced from the byArrhenatherum elatius and Bromus erectus.Among native or tropical wild flora, (Table 3. and 4.). The the interesting plants are: Polygala major, Aster external sectors have a total of 852 superior taxas, amellus, Ornithogalum pyramidale, Centaurea indigenous or escaped from cultures wild plants, which oxylepis, Carex humilis, Colchicum autumnale, multiply by themselves and find good conditions to Cruciata pedemontana, Dianthus giganteiformis subsp. adapt. pontederae, Helictotrichon pubescens, Knautia The largest families with over 20 arvensis subsp. rosea, Lithospermum officinale, representatives are: Asteraceae (100 species), Poaceae Melampyrum arvense, Onobrychis arenaria, (68), Rosaceae (66), Fabaceae (45), Lamiaceae (45), Peucedanum carvifolia, Rosa gallica, Trisetum Brassicaceae (36), Caryophyllaceae (30), Apiaceae flavescens. (28), Plantaginaceae (28), Cyperaceae (26), Grasslands and ruderal areas also include Polygonaceae (21), and Ranunculaceae (21 species). interesting species: Crepis nicaeensis, Helminthotheca The genus with the most species are: Carex (19 echioides, Brassica nigra, Chenopodium glaucum, species), Veronica (16), Euphorbia (14), Rubus (12), Kickxia elatine, Kickxia spuria, Verbascum thapsus, Potentilla (10), and Rumex (10 species). Veronica dillenii. Among wetlands and ponds of water the Spontaneous flora following species are found: Veronica anagalloides, The conducted studies took place in all sectors Alisma lanceolatum, Ranunculus sceleratus, of the botanical garden, external and in the Potamogeton crispus, Plantago uliginosa, Rumex greenhouses. Spontaneous species in the botanical hydrolapathum, Rumex maritimus. garden are listed in Table 1. Most spontaneous species As seen in Tabel 1., the indigenous flora were recorded in large sectors or still partly landscaped includes 638 species of vascular plants in the sectors of sectors such as "Romanian Flora", "Vine Valley", the botanical garden, and 12 indigenous spontaneous "Arboretum", "Systematic", "Zoologic", species inside the greenhouses (Table 4.); these species "Phytogeographic", and "Economy". In areas with were not observed in the exterior gardens. Among the native vegetation dominates the following species: most important species stand out the ones from The the European beech forest (Fagus Red List or Natura 2000 (Rumex thyrsiflorus, sylvatica) from the "Vine Valley" represents a forest Cephalaria radiata), as well as other rare plants from with archaic vegetation, atypical species for the the Romanian flora (Cephalanthera damasonium, surrounding hills, rather reminiscent to the low Galium abaujense, Hieracium maculatum, Leontodon mountain areas. Among the most interesting species saxatilis, Mentha arvensis subsp. austriaca) [5, 8, 17, there are: Aposeris foetida, Ranunculus lanuginosus, 25]. Cerastium sylvaticum, Carex pendula, Atropa Also found are species
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  • Floerkea Proserpinacoides Willdenow False Mermaid-Weed

    Floerkea Proserpinacoides Willdenow False Mermaid-Weed

    New England Plant Conservation Program Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow False Mermaid-weed Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: William H. Moorhead III Consulting Botanist Litchfield, Connecticut and Elizabeth J. Farnsworth Senior Research Ecologist New England Wild Flower Society Framingham, Massachusetts For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, December 2003 1 SUMMARY Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow, false mermaid-weed, is an herbaceous annual and the only member of the Limnanthaceae in New England. The species has a disjunct but widespread range throughout North America, with eastern and western segregates separated by the Great Plains. In the east, it ranges from Nova Scotia south to Louisiana and west to Minnesota and Missouri. In the west, it ranges from British Columbia to California, east to Utah and Colorado. Although regarded as Globally Secure (G5), national ranks of N? in Canada and the United States indicate some uncertainly about its true conservation status in North America. It is listed as rare (S1 or S2) in 20% of the states and provinces in which it occurs. Floerkea is known from only 11 sites total in New England: three historic sites in Vermont (where it is ranked SH), one historic population in Massachusetts (where it is ranked SX), and four extant and three historic localities in Connecticut (where it is ranked S1, Endangered). The Flora Conservanda: New England ranks it as a Division 2 (Regionally Rare) taxon. Floerkea inhabits open or forested floodplains, riverside seeps, and limestone cliffs in New England, and more generally moist alluvial soils, mesic forests, springy woods, and streamside meadows throughout its range.