Types of American Grasses
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Phleum Alpinum L
Phleum alpinum L. Alpine Cat’s-tail A scarce alpine grass with distinctive purplish flower heads, long bristly awns and short, broad and glabrous leaves. It is associated with base- rich flushes and mires, more rarely with rocky habitats, and occasionally with weakly acid substrates enriched by flushing with base-rich water. In Britain it is more or less confined to above 610 m northern and central Scotland with two southern outliers in the North Pennines. It is assessed as of Least Concern in Great Britain, but in England it is assessed as Critically Endangered, due to very restricted numbers and recent decline. ©Pete Stroh IDENTIFICATION limit for both these species (540 m) is well below the lower limit for P. alpinum in Britain (610 m). However, P. pratense Phleum alpinum is a shortly rhizomatous, loosely tufted has been recorded as an introduction at 845 m near to the P. perennial alpine grass with short, broad, glabrous leaves (-6 alpinum on Great Dun Fell (Pearman & Corner 2004). mm) and short, blunt ligules (0.5–2 mm; Cope & Gray 2009). The uppermost leaf sheath is inflated. Alopecurus magellanicus, with which it often grows, has hairy, awnless glumes and ‘thunder-cloud’ coloured flower- The inflorescences are dark-blue or brownish purple, oval to heads (red-purple in P. alpinum; Raven & Walters 1956). oblong shaped (10-50 mm). The spikelets are purplish with long awns (2-3 mm) and the keels are fringed with stiff white bristles. HABITATS Phleum alpinum is a montane grass of open, rocky habitats or SIMILAR SPECIES of closed swards on base-rich substrates, or occasionally on more acidic materials enriched by flushing or down-washed Phleum alpinum is told from P. -
Role of Wild Leguminous Plants in Grasslands Management in Forest Ecosystem of Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh State
Vol-6 Issue-2 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 Role of wild leguminous plants in grasslands management in forest ecosystem of Protected Areas of Madhya Pradesh State Muratkar G. D. , Kokate U. R G. D. Muratkar Department of Environmental Science , Arts , Science and Commerce college Chikhaldara , District Amravati 444807 U. R. Kokate Department of Botany , Arts , Science and Commerce college Chikhaldara , District Amravati 444807 ABSTRACT Grasslands in melghat forest are of annual , taller type with course grasses. The dominant grasses are Themeda quadrivalvis , Heteropogon contortus , Apluda mutica , Chloris barbata . The soil is murmi red with low water holding capacity , in some parts the soil diversity observed black , red soil with clay , silt , sand and loam. The grasses are annual and very few are perennials like Dicanthium annulatum , Dicanthium caricosum , Cynodon barberi , Bothrichloa bladhii. The palatability of th grasses depends upon the soil nutrients , chemicals. The soil in which the wild leguminous plants like Vigna trilobata , Phaseolus radiate , Glycine max , Rhyncosia minima shows the more distribution of wild leguminous plants the soil is with more nitrogenous content due to biological nitrogen fixation and the soil shows the effects on fodder value of the grasses. Keywords : Grasslands Protected Areas , palatable grasses , soil fertility , Wild leguminous plants Introduction Madhya Pradesh is one of those promising states in India.Whether it's Bandhavgarh or Kanha or Pench, each and every national park is far from the civilization and has a rustic charm of its own. Remarkable flora and fauna of these nine National Parks is matched by scenic landscapes along with the incredible diversity. -
Sour Paspalum
Sour Paspalum - Tropical Weed or Forage? ALAN A. BEETLE Bissinda (Gabon), bitter grass (Philippines), camalote de antena (Mexico), canamazo (Cuba), cafiamazo hembro (Cuba), Highlight: Where carpetgraSs (Axonopus compressus) will cafiamazo amargo (Cuba), capim amargoso (Brazil), capim grow, sour paspalum (Paspalum conjugatum) has no place and marreca (Brazil), capim papuao (Brazil), carabao grass (Phil- is probably a sign of poor management. However, in areas of ippines), cintillo (Peru), co dang (Indochina), calapi (Philip- poor or sour soils, in shade and in times of drought, sour pas- pines), djuba-gov6 (Gabon), &inga (Gabon), gamalote (Costa palum comes into its own throughout the tropics as a valuable Rica), ge’singa (Gabon), gisinga (Gabon), grama de antena component of the total forage resource. Paspalum is a rather large genus “numbering nearly 400” species (Chase, 1929). Sour paspalum (Paspalum conjugatum) stands by itself in this genus as suggested by Chase (1929) who created for it, alone, the Section Conjugata (Fig. 1). Its most unusual character is the vigorously stoloniferous habit allowing, at times, for a rapidly formed perennial ground cover. Sour paspalum has been assumed to be native where it occurs in the Americas, from Florida to Texas and southward to Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina, from sea level to 4,000 ft elevation. The grass was first described from a specimen collected in Surinam (Dutch Guiana). Sour paspalum has been assumed, however, to be intro- duced wherever it occurs in the Old World tropics (Fig. 2) and Pacific Islands. The early trade routes were between Australia, Singapore, and Africa. Probably both carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) and sour paspalum, being of similar distribution and ecology, were spread at the same time to the same places. -
A Preliminary Phytolith Reference Collection for the Mountains of Dhufar, Oman
The use of phytoliths as a proxy for distinguishing ecological communities: A preliminary phytolith reference collection for the mountains of Dhufar, Oman Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation “with Honors Research Distinction in Evolution and Ecology” in the Undergraduate Colleges of The Ohio State University by Drew Arbogast The Ohio State University May 2019 Project Co-Advisors: Professor Ian Hamilton, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Professor Joy McCorriston, Department of Anthropology 2 Table of Contents Page List of Tables...................................................................................................................................3 List of Figures..................................................................................................................................4 Abstract............................................................................................................................................5 Introduction......................................................................................................................................6 Background......................................................................................................................................7 Materials and Methods...................................................................................................................11 Results............................................................................................................................................18 -
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description
Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description Prepared by: Michael A. Kost, Dennis A. Albert, Joshua G. Cohen, Bradford S. Slaughter, Rebecca K. Schillo, Christopher R. Weber, and Kim A. Chapman Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036 Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral and Fire Management Division September 30, 2007 Report Number 2007-21 Version 1.2 Last Updated: July 9, 2010 Suggested Citation: Kost, M.A., D.A. Albert, J.G. Cohen, B.S. Slaughter, R.K. Schillo, C.R. Weber, and K.A. Chapman. 2007. Natural Communities of Michigan: Classification and Description. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2007-21, Lansing, MI. 314 pp. Copyright 2007 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status or family status. Cover photos: Top left, Dry Sand Prairie at Indian Lake, Newaygo County (M. Kost); top right, Limestone Bedrock Lakeshore, Summer Island, Delta County (J. Cohen); lower left, Muskeg, Luce County (J. Cohen); and lower right, Mesic Northern Forest as a matrix natural community, Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park, Ontonagon County (M. Kost). Acknowledgements We thank the Michigan Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division and Forest, Mineral, and Fire Management Division for funding this effort to classify and describe the natural communities of Michigan. This work relied heavily on data collected by many present and former Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNFI) field scientists and collaborators, including members of the Michigan Natural Areas Council. -
FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1. -
Colonial and Highland Bentgrass (Agrostis Sp.) Tom Cook Assoc. Professor Hort. Oregon State University Introduction: in Areas We
Colonial and Highland bentgrass (Agrostis sp.) Tom Cook Assoc. Professor Hort. Oregon State University Introduction: In areas west of the Cascade Mountains from Vancouver, BC as far south as Grants Pass, OR and along the coast clear down to the San Francisco, CA area, bentgrasses are arguably the most important grasses used for turf. Ironically, they have rarely been knowingly planted since approximately the mid-1970’s. Today, bentgrasses most often come into lawns as contaminants in soil and in some cases in seed or sod mixtures. Despised by the seed trade and many people involved in commercial landscape maintenance, bentgrasses are uniquely suited to the mild climate and consistently out compete even the most elite cultivars of perennial ryegrass, fine fescues, Tall fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass. Like it or not bentgrass is here to stay! Taxonomy and history: The taxonomy of bentgrasses is complicated and confusing because it involves numerous species and interspecies hybrids that are very similar in appearance. To make matters worse, early plantings dating back to frontier days were composed of mixtures of species brought to America from Europe. Today in any stand of bentgrass you are likely to find three or four different species. In A.S. Hitchcocks “Manual of the Grasses of the United States” (1971) first published in 1935, he describes Colonial bentgrass as Agrostis tenuis Sibth. In his own words, “This species appears not to be native in America; it has been referred to A. capillaris L., a distinct species in Europe.” The wording in this description is odd and it is not clear if he means that Agrostis tenuis is in fact Agrostis capillaris or is a distinct species that is related to Agrostis capillaris. -
Riparian Habitat Mitigation Standards and Implementation Guidelines
Town of Sahuarita Riparian Habitat Mitigation Standards and Implementation Guidelines A supplement to Title 18, STC 18.65 of the Town of Sahuarita Zoning Code titled “Riparian Habitat Protection and Mitigation Requirements” Section One: The Ordinance 2 Overview of the Riparian Habitat Protection Ordinance Options for Treatment of Regulated Habitat In Lieu Fee Option 8 Modified Development Standards 10 Riparian Habitat Mitigation Plan Approval Section Two: Riparian Classifications, Descriptions, 12 Mitigation & Monitoring Requirements Characteristic of Habitat Onsite Mitigation Requirements Mitigation Requirements 15 Hydroriparian, Mesoriparian & Xeroriparian Mitigation Standards 17 Section Three: Components of a Mitigation Plan Submittal 20 Mitigation Plan Components Mitigation Planting Plan 23 Elements of a Monitoring Report 25 Section Four: Frequently Asked Questions 27 Appendix A: Mitigation Plan Submittal Checklists 29 Appendix B: Approved Plant List 42 Appendix C: Installation & Maintenance Requirements 56 Appendix D: Water Harvesting Guidelines 64 Appendix E: List of Noxious & Invasive Plant Species 66 & Best Management Practices Appendix F: Field Mapping & Onsite Vegetation Survey 73 Appendix G: Glossary of Terms 75 Appendix H: Standard Operating Procedure (RECON) 78 This document was prepared with permission from Pima County Regional Flood Control District and Novak Environmental, Inc. It contains reformatting and minor rewording of a document prepared by McGann and Associates, Inc. under contract to Pima County Flood Control District in July, 1994. The format is copyrighted by Novak Environmental, Inc. 2001 1 September 24, 2012 Section One: The Ordinance What is the history of this Ordinance? On April 24, 2006, the Town of Sahuarita Town Council adopted the Town of Sahuarita Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management Code. -
Ornamental Grasses 75° - 80° 3 Weeks for the Best Germination; We Suggest Before Sowing to Refrigerate Seed for 5 Days and Then Soak in Warm Water for 3 Days
Order Seed, Plants, Plugs and Tags by phone at 800.380.4721 or online at germaniaseed | Grasses Ornamental Grasses 75° - 80° 3 weeks For the best germination; we suggest before sowing to refrigerate seed for 5 days and then soak in warm water for 3 days. Sow thickly, in larger cells to develop nice strong plants within the shortest time. AGROSTIS NEBULOSA - 1011 $ 18 in. - 500,000 S. (Cloud Grass). Upright with green leaves and tiny spikelet flowers. A light, airy grass whose star-shaped panicles produce cloud effects. Very decorative and used in fresh or dried flower arrangements. (34A0) 5,000 sds - $8.10 10,000 sds - $11.65 25,000 sds - $21.45 50,000 sds - $38.55 BRIZA MAXIMA - 2611 $ 16-22 in. - 5,500 S. (Quaking Grass). Fine for mixing in bouquets. Seed clusters resemble rattlesnake rattles. Perennial. Zones: 4-8 (31A0) 1,000 sds - $7.25 2,000 sds - $8.60 5,000 sds - $13.90 10,000 sds - $21.65 25,000 sds - $42.90 BRIZA MINIMA - 4701 8 in. - 62,500 S. (Baby Totter Grass). Ideal as an accent filler in fresh or dried arrangements. (34A0) 5,000 sds - $8.10 10,000 sds - $11.65 25,000 sds - $21.45 50,000 sds - $38.55 BROOM CORN MIXED COLORS - 1190 $ 84-120 in. - 1,000 S. Airy, spray-like seed heads. Mixture of many different varieties and colors; gold bronze, brown, black, burgundy, red, white, cream, natural. BROOM CORN RED - 1191 $ 84-120 in. - 1,200 S. Very popular color. Airy, spray-like seed heads. -
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category -
Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(S): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P
Phylogeny and Subfamilial Classification of the Grasses (Poaceae) Author(s): Grass Phylogeny Working Group, Nigel P. Barker, Lynn G. Clark, Jerrold I. Davis, Melvin R. Duvall, Gerald F. Guala, Catherine Hsiao, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, H. Peter Linder Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 88, No. 3 (Summer, 2001), pp. 373-457 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3298585 Accessed: 06/10/2008 11:05 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mobot. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
Guidelines for Using the Checklist
Guidelines for using the checklist Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy N 9900720 Synonyms: Andropogon excavatus Hochst. 47 Common names: Breëblaarterpentyngras A; Broad-leaved turpentine grass E; Breitblättriges Pfeffergras G; dukwa, heng’ge, kamakama (-si) J Life form: perennial Abundance: uncommon to locally common Habitat: various Distribution: southern Africa Notes: said to smell of turpentine hence common name E2 Uses: used as a thatching grass E3 Cited specimen: Giess 3152 Reference: 37; 47 Botanical Name: The grasses are arranged in alphabetical or- Rukwangali R der according to the currently accepted botanical names. This Shishambyu Sh publication updates the list in Craven (1999). Silozi L Thimbukushu T Status: The following icons indicate the present known status of the grass in Namibia: Life form: This indicates if the plant is generally an annual or G Endemic—occurs only within the political boundaries of perennial and in certain cases whether the plant occurs in water Namibia. as a hydrophyte. = Near endemic—occurs in Namibia and immediate sur- rounding areas in neighbouring countries. Abundance: The frequency of occurrence according to her- N Endemic to southern Africa—occurs more widely within barium holdings of specimens at WIND and PRE is indicated political boundaries of southern Africa. here. 7 Naturalised—not indigenous, but growing naturally. < Cultivated. Habitat: The general environment in which the grasses are % Escapee—a grass that is not indigenous to Namibia and found, is indicated here according to Namibian records. This grows naturally under favourable conditions, but there are should be considered preliminary information because much usually only a few isolated individuals.