Common Carpetgrass (Axonopus Fissifolius)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana. James Howard Brooks Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana. James Howard Brooks Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Brooks, James Howard, "Cytotaxonomy of the Genus Echinochloa in Louisiana." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1640. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1640 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9040 BROOKS, James Howard, 1932- CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ECHINOCHLOA i IN LOUISIANA. j The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Agronomy University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ECHINOCHLOA IN LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by James Howard Brooks B.S., Stephen F. Austin State College, 1957 M .S., Stephen F. Austin State College, 1964 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Dr. Clair A. Brown for serving as chairman of his committee, for aid in selecting the problem, guidance throughout the study, and helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript and companionship during some of the collecting trips. -
Types of American Grasses
z LIBRARY OF Si AS-HITCHCOCK AND AGNES'CHASE 4: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM oL TiiC. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE United States National Herbarium Volume XII, Part 3 TXE&3 OF AMERICAN GRASSES . / A STUDY OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRASSES DESCRIBED BY LINNAEUS, GRONOVIUS, SLOANE, SWARTZ, AND MICHAUX By A. S. HITCHCOCK z rit erV ^-C?^ 1 " WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Issued June 18, 1908 ii PREFACE The accompanying paper, by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, u entitled Types of American grasses: a study of the American species of grasses described by Linnaeus, Gronovius, Sloane, Swartz, and Michaux," is an important contribution to our knowledge of American grasses. It is regarded as of fundamental importance in the critical sys- tematic investigation of any group of plants that the identity of the species described by earlier authors be determined with certainty. Often this identification can be made only by examining the type specimen, the original description being inconclusive. Under the American code of botanical nomenclature, which has been followed by the author of this paper, "the nomenclatorial t}rpe of a species or subspecies is the specimen to which the describer originally applied the name in publication." The procedure indicated by the American code, namely, to appeal to the type specimen when the original description is insufficient to identify the species, has been much misunderstood by European botanists. It has been taken to mean, in the case of the Linnsean herbarium, for example, that a specimen in that herbarium bearing the same name as a species described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum must be taken as the type of that species regardless of all other considerations. -
Sour Paspalum
Sour Paspalum - Tropical Weed or Forage? ALAN A. BEETLE Bissinda (Gabon), bitter grass (Philippines), camalote de antena (Mexico), canamazo (Cuba), cafiamazo hembro (Cuba), Highlight: Where carpetgraSs (Axonopus compressus) will cafiamazo amargo (Cuba), capim amargoso (Brazil), capim grow, sour paspalum (Paspalum conjugatum) has no place and marreca (Brazil), capim papuao (Brazil), carabao grass (Phil- is probably a sign of poor management. However, in areas of ippines), cintillo (Peru), co dang (Indochina), calapi (Philip- poor or sour soils, in shade and in times of drought, sour pas- pines), djuba-gov6 (Gabon), &inga (Gabon), gamalote (Costa palum comes into its own throughout the tropics as a valuable Rica), ge’singa (Gabon), gisinga (Gabon), grama de antena component of the total forage resource. Paspalum is a rather large genus “numbering nearly 400” species (Chase, 1929). Sour paspalum (Paspalum conjugatum) stands by itself in this genus as suggested by Chase (1929) who created for it, alone, the Section Conjugata (Fig. 1). Its most unusual character is the vigorously stoloniferous habit allowing, at times, for a rapidly formed perennial ground cover. Sour paspalum has been assumed to be native where it occurs in the Americas, from Florida to Texas and southward to Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina, from sea level to 4,000 ft elevation. The grass was first described from a specimen collected in Surinam (Dutch Guiana). Sour paspalum has been assumed, however, to be intro- duced wherever it occurs in the Old World tropics (Fig. 2) and Pacific Islands. The early trade routes were between Australia, Singapore, and Africa. Probably both carpetgrass (Axonopus compressus) and sour paspalum, being of similar distribution and ecology, were spread at the same time to the same places. -
Systematics and Evolution of Eleusine Coracana (Gramineae)1
Amer. J. Bot. 71(4): 550-557. 1984. SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (GRAMINEAE)1 J. M. J. de W et,2 K. E. Prasada Rao,3 D. E. Brink,2 and M. H. Mengesha3 departm ent of Agronomy, University of Illinois, 1102 So. Goodwin, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and international Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, Patancheru, India ABSTRACT Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. subsp. coracana) is cultivated in eastern and southern Africa and in southern Asia. The closest wild relative of finger millet is E. coracana subsp. africana (Kennedy-O’Byme) H ilu & de Wet. W ild finger m illet (subsp. africana) is native to Africa but was introduced as a weed to the warmer parts of Asia and America. Derivatives of hybrids between subsp. coracana and subsp. africana are companion weeds of the crop in Africa. Cultivated finger millets are divided into five races on the basis of inflorescence mor phology. Race coracana is widely distributed across the range of finger millet cultivation. It is present in the archaeological record o f early African agriculture that m ay date back 5,000 years. Racial evolution took place in Africa. Races vulgaris, elongata., plana, and compacta evolved from race coracana, and were introduced into India some 3,000 years ago. Little independent racial evolution took place in India. E l e u s i n e Gaertn. is predominantly an African tancheru in India, and studied morphologi genus. Six of its nine species are confined to cally. These include 698 accessions from the tropical and subtropical Africa (Phillips, 1972). -
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Urochloa Maxima Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Urochloa Maxima. Available From
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Urochloa maxima Urochloa maxima System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Liliopsida Cyperales Poaceae Common name buffalograss (English), green panic (English), tinikarati (English, Cook Islands), capime guiné (French), panic élevé (French), zacate Guinea (English), vao Kini (English, Samoa), vao Kini (English, American Samoa), talapi (English, Cook Islands), Guinea grass (English), fataque (French), saafa (English, Tonga), yerba de Guinea (English), herbe de Guinéa (French) Synonym Panicum maximum , Jacq. Panicum gongylodes , Jacq. Panicum hirsutissimum , Steud. Panicum jumentorum , Pers. Panicum laeve , Lam. Panicum maximum , var. coloratum C.T. White Panicum maximum , var. maximum Panicum maximum , var. pubiglume K. Schum. Panicum maximum , var. trichoglume Robyns Panicum polygamum , var. gongylodes (Jacq.) E. Fourn. Panicum trichocondylum , Steud. Urochloa maxima , var. trichoglumis (Robyns) R.D. Webster Panicum maximum , var. gongylodes (Jacq.) Döll Similar species Summary Although Urochloa maxima is the accepted name for this species, it is still widely known as Panicum maximum. Urochloa maxima is a native of tropical Africa where it occurs from sea level to 1,800m. It is used as a forage grass and its ability to tolerate a wide range of habitats make it a very productive species. Urochloa maxima has become prevalent in Samoa and Tonga and it is a problem species in Guam and Hawaii. Although it is a favourable grass in many areas it can also form dense stands and displace native -
Processing, Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Finger Millet
a OSSN 0101-2061 (Print) Food Science and Technology OSSN 1678-457X (Dnline) DDO: https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.25017 Processing, nutritional composition and health benefits of finger millet in sub-saharan Africa Shonisani Eugenia RAMASHOA1*, Tonna Ashim ANYASO1, Eastonce Tend GWATA2, Stephen MEDDDWS-TAYLDR3, Afam Osrael Dbiefuna JODEANO1 Abstract Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) also known as tamba, is a staple cereal grain in some parts of the world with low income population. The grain is characterized by variations in colour (brown, white and light brown cultivars); high concentration of carbohydrates, dietary fibre, phytochemicals and essential amino acids; presence of essential minerals; as well as a gluten-free status. Finger millet (FM) in terms of nutritional composition, ranks higher than other cereal grains, though the grain is extremely neglected and widely underutilized. Nutritional configuration of FM contributes to reduced risk of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and gastro-intestinal tract disorder when absorbed in the body. Utilization of the grain therefore involves traditional and other processing methods such as soaking, malting, cooking, fermentation, popping and radiation. These processes are utilised to improve the dietetic and sensory properties of FM and equally assist in the reduction of anti-nutritional and inhibitory activities of phenols, phytic acids and tannins. However, with little research and innovation on FM as compared to conventional cereals, there is the need for further studies on processing methods, nutritional composition, health benefits and valorization with a view to commercialization of FM grains. Keywords: finger millet; nutritional composition; gluten-free; antioxidant properties; traditional processing; value-added products. Practical Application: Effects of processing on nutritional composition, health benefits and valorization of finger millet grains. -
A Preliminary Checklist of the Plants of Nylsvley
Sheet2 A PRELIMINARY CHECKLIST OF THE PLANTS OF NYLSVLEY NATURE RESERVE Compiled in September 1983 as part of the Savanna Biome Project note that the taxonomy has not Been updated merely typed into Excel format in June 2014 Family Species Common name SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella dregei (C.Presl) Hieron NONE POLYPODIACEAE Ceterach cordatum (Thumb.) Desv. NONE Pellaea viridis (Forsk.) Prantl. NONE Pellaea colomelanos. NONE POACEAE Urelytrum squarrosum Hack. Centipede grass Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze Giant spear grass Elionurus argenteus Nees. Sour grass Elionurus muticus Sour grass Andropogon schinzii Hack. NONE Andropogon schirensis Hochst. Ex A. Rich. Var. angustifolia Stapf. StaB grass Sorghum versicolor Anderss. Black-seed Wild Sorghum Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst.) A.Camus var. insculpta. Pinhole grass Schizachyrium jeffreysii (Hack.) Stapf. Silky Autumn Grass Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz) Alst. Red Autumn Grass Schizachyrium ursulus Stapf. NONE Cymbopogon excavatus (Hochst.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy. Broad-Leaved Turpentine Grass Cymbopogon marginatus (Steud.) Stapf ex Burtt Davy. NONE Hyparrhenia cf. Dregeana (Nees) Stapf ex Stent. NONE Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf. Common thatchgrass Hyperthelia dissoluta (nees ex Steud.) Clayton. NONE Heteropogon contortus (L.) ex Roem. & Schult. Spear Grass Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton. Broadleaved Bluestem Diheteropogon filifolius (Nees) Clayton. Wire Bluestem Themeda triandra Forssk. Red Oat Grass Cenchrus ciliaris L. Blue Bufallograss Tragus Berteronianus Schult. Carrotseed grass Mosdenia leptostachys (Fical.& Hiern) W.D.Clayton NONE Perotis patens Gand. Bottle-brush grass Paspalum orbiculare Forst. NONE Panicum deustum ThunB. Broadleaved panic Panicum dregeanum Nees. Plum panicum Panicum cf.laevifolium Hack. Blue panic Panicum maximum Jacq. Guinea grass Panicum natalense Hochst. Natal Buffalo Grass Alloteropsis semialata (R.Br.) Hitchc. -
(Gramineae) in Malesia
BLUMEA 21 (1973) I—Bo1 —80 A revision of DigitariaHaller (Gramineae) in Malesia. Notes on Malesian grasses VI J.F. Veldkamp Rijksherbarium, Leiden '...a material stronger than armor: Crabgrass' Parker & The is (B. J. Hart, King a Fink, 1964) Contents Summary 1 General introduction 2 Part 1. General observations Nomenclature A. 4 B. Taxonomic position 6 C. Morphology 7 D. Infra-generic taxonomy 12 E. Infra-specific taxonomy and genetics 17 F. Cultivated species 19 G. References 19 Part II. Descriptive part of data A. Presentation 22 B. Guide to the key and descriptions 22 c. Key 23 D. Descriptions 27 E. dubiae vel excludendae Species 71 Index 74 Summary Inthis revision is of the Malesian paper a given species ofthe Crabgrasses, or Digitaria Haller ( Gramineae). The research was done at the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, while many other Herbaria were shortly visited; some field work was done in Indonesia, Australia, and Papua-New Guinea. the in The foundation for study this large and cosmopolitan genus must be Henrard’s monumental work of the which therefore cited ‘Monograph genus Digitaria’ (1950), is extensively and discussed. in in the the Henrard based his division sections, 32 subgenus Digitaria, with anemphasis on amount of and the various of but such subdivision spikelets per grouplet types hairs, a appears difficult to maintain. As in only part of the species of Digitaria occurs Malesia, not representing all sections, a new infra-generic can be As far as the sections Malesia system not given. present in are concerned, it appeared that the Biformes, Horizontales, and Parviglumaehad to be united with the section Digitaria, the Remotae and Subeffusae had to into be merged one, the Remotae, while the Atrofuscae had to be included, at least partly, in the Clavipilae, here renamed is Filiformes. -
KEY GRASS SPECIES in VEGETATION UNIT Gm 11: Rand Highveld Grassland in MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA
IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GRASS SPECIES IN VEGETATION UNIT Gm 11: Rand Highveld Grassland IN MPUMALANGA PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA Winston S.W. Trollope & Lynne A. Trollope 22 River Road, Kenton On Sea, 6191, South Africa Cell; 082 200 33373 Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Veld condition refers to the condition of the vegetation in relation to some functional characteristic/s (Trollope, et.al., 1990) and in the case of both livestock production and wildlife management based on grassland vegetation, comprises the potential of the grass sward to produce forage for grazers and its resistance to soil erosion as influenced by the basal and aerial cover of the grass sward. The following procedure was used for developing a key grass species technique for assessing veld condition in the vegetation type Gm 11: Rand Highveld Grassland (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006) in Mpumalanga Province – see Figure 1. Rand Highveld Grassland: Gm11 Figure 1: The Rand Highveld Grassland Gm11 vegetation type located in the highveld area east of Pretoria in Mpumalanga Province (Mucina & Rutherford, 2006). The identification of the key grass species is based on the procedure developed by Trollope (1990) viz.. Step 1: Identify and list all the grass species occurring in the study area noting their identification characteristics for use in the field. Step 2: Based on careful observations in the field and consultations with local land users, subjectively classify all the known grass species in the area into Decreaser and Increaser species according to their reaction to a grazing gradient i.e. from high to low grazing intensities, as follows: DECREASER SPECIES: Grass & herbaceous species that decrease when veld is under or over grazed; 2 INCREASER I SPECIES: Grass & herbaceous species that increase when veld is under grazed or selectively grazed; INCREASER II SPECIES: Grass & herbaceous species that increase when veld is over grazed. -
Control Agent for Echinochloa Spp. (Pelbagai Perumah Untuk Exserohilum Monoceras 1125, Agen Kawalan Biologi Yang Berpotensi Untuk Kawalan Echinochloa Spp.)
J. Trop. Agric. and Fd. Sc. 38(2)(2010): 267-274 Host range of Exserohilum monoceras 1125, a potential biological control agent for Echinochloa spp. (Pelbagai perumah untuk Exserohilum monoceras 1125, agen kawalan biologi yang berpotensi untuk kawalan Echinochloa spp.) S. Tosiah*, J. Kadir**, M. Sariah**, A.S. Juraimi**, N.P. Lo* and S. Soetikno*** Keywords: Exserohilum monoceras, host range, Echinochloa spp., bioherbicide Abstract A total of 54 plant species, including varieties and breeding lines from 14 families and 33 genera were screened against Exserohilum monoceras, a fungal pathogen with potential as biocontrol agent for barnyard grass, Echinochloa crus-galli. The selected plant species were treated with spore suspensions at about 2.5 x 107 spores/ml concentration in glasshouse conditions supplemented with 24 h dew. The ability of the fungus to infect the plants was evaluated by disease incidence and disease severity which translated into disease index (DI). The disease index of Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli, E. crus-galli var. formosensis and E. stagnina were 4 (dead) while those for E. colona and E. oryzicola were 3 (severely damage). Among the economic plants tested, only Zea mays was infected with a disease index of 2 (tolerant). Young Imperata cylindrica was dead (DI = 4), however the older plant showed hypersensitive reaction (DI = 2). Other plants that were infected were Cymbopogon sp. (DI = 1), Paspalum sp. (DI = 3) and Rhynchelytrum repen (DI = 3). Exserohilum monoceras did not infect selected varieties of rice in Malaysia, such as MRQ 50, MRQ 74, MR 219, MR 220 and MR 84. Vegetables and medicinal plants used in the test were also not infected. -
Echinochloa Crus-Galli
VKM Report 2016: 23 Risk Assessment of cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli ) Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2016: 23 Risk assessment of cockspur grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 31.05.2016 ISBN: 978-82-8259-213-0 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) Po 4404 Nydalen N – 0403 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] www.vkm.no www.english.vkm.no Suggested citation: VKM. (2016). Risk assessment of cockspur grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ). Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant Health of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, ISBN: 978-82-8259-213-0, Oslo, Norway. VKM Report 2016: 23 Risk assessment of cockspur grass ( Echinochloa crus-galli ) Authors preparing the draft opinion Guro Brodal (chair), Jan Netland, Trond Rafoss, and Elin Thingnæs Lid (VKM staff) (Authors in alphabetical order after chair of the working group) Assessed and approved The opinion has been assessed and approved by the Panel on Plant Health. Members of the panel are: Trond Rafoss (chair), Guro Brodal, Åshild Ergon, Christer Magnusson, Arild Sletten, Halvor Solheim, Leif Sundheim, May-Guri Sæthre, Anne Marte Tronsmo, Bjørn Økland. (Panel members in alphabetical order after chair of the panel) Acknowledgment The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has appointed a working group consisting of both VKM members and an external expert to answer the request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority. -
Eleusine Indica (L.) Gaertn., New Species of the Adventive Flora of Slovakia
Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 29 (1): 077-084, 2019 THAISZIA https://doi.org/10.33542/TJB2019-1-06 JOURNAL OF BOTANY Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., new species of the adventive flora of Slovakia Zuzana Dítě1, Daniel Dítě1 & Viera Feráková2 1 Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia [email protected] 2 Karloveská 23/43, 84104 Bratislava Dítě Z., Dítě D., Feráková V. (2019): Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., new species of the adventive flora of Slovakia. – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 29 (1): 077-084. Abstract: First two records of Eleusine indica in Slovakia are presented. This exotic grass species originating from the tropical Old World was found in the Podunajská nížina Lowland (Eupannonicum): in 2017 in Štúrovo and the next year in Bratislava, municipal part Karlova Ves. Both populations counted only three individuals grown in the pavement cracks. The habitat conditions of each locality in detail are characterized. Whereas Slovakia is among the last countries where E. indica was just discovered within Europe, we discuss the environmental conditions and the origin of the species in the backlight of earlier studies related to its occurrence in the surrounding countries. Key words: urban ecosystems, roadsides, new record, Eleusine indica, casual alien, plant invasion Introduction Eleusine indica is a late summer annual grass. Its long, spreading spikes resemble goose feet. Confusion with other grasses of digitate inflorescence (e.g. with Digitaria or Cynodon) is possible, but E. indica ‘s flattened culms, bright green leaves, size of many-flowered spikelets, and lack of awns serve to distinguish (Clayton et al.