DOCSLIB.ORG

Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. Ziziphus Mucronata Willd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. Ziziphus Mauritiana Lam. Ziziphus Mucronata Willd Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Ziziphus mucronata Willd. RHAMNACEAE Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, Grace N. Njoroge, Maroof Ali Turi, and Hammand Ahmad Jan Synonyms Ziziphus jujuba Mill.: Ziziphus sativa Gaertn; Ziziphus vulgaris Lam, Rhamnus zizyphus L. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: Paliurus mairei H. Lév.; Rhamnus jujuba L.; Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst.; Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Gaertn.; Ziziphus jujuba (L.) Lam.; Ziziphus mairei (H. Lév.) Browicz & Lauerer; Ziziphus muratiana Maire; Ziziphus orthacantha DC.; Ziziphus rotundata DC.; Ziziphus tomentosa Poir. Ziziphus mucronata Willd.: Ziziphus adelensis Delile; Ziziphus baclei DC.; Ziziphus bubalina Licht. ex Schult.; Ziziphus madecassus H. Perrier; Ziziphus mitis A. Rich. R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: [email protected] N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia G. N. Njoroge Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agricultura and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya M. A. Turi College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China H. A. Jan Islamia College Peshawar Jamrod Road, University Campus Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 1 R. W. Bussmann (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Africa, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77086-4_174-1 2 R. W. Bussmann et al. Local Names Ziziphus abyssinica: Kamba: Kiae, Muae; Lugbara: Lu; Hehe: Mutanula; Acholi: Olango (Kokwaro 2009). Ziziphus mauritiana: Amharic: Kurkura; Borana: Qurgura; Marakwet: Tilomwa, Yilomwa; Pokot: Tlomwo, Tlomwa; Rendile: Qasa; Somali: Geb, Gub; Tugut: Tilolwo; Turkana: Enkalale; Swahili: Mkunazi; Acholi: Lango; Hehe: Mtyanula; English: Dunks, Jujube, Indian cherry, Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinese apple, Bear tree, Desert apple (Beentje 1994; Gachati 1989; Kokwaro 2009). Ziziphus mucronata: Digo: Mungugune; Girama: Mguguna; Kipsigit: Mimanbiliot; Luo: Lang’o, Longo; Maa: Ol-Oilailke; Marakwet: Nonoiywa; Pokot: Tirokwo; Samburu: Loilalei; Tugut: Ninoiwa; Noiwa; Turkana: Esilang, Amaleri; Sukuma: Ilegero; Swahili: Mkunazi; Sandawi: Tsindimak’o; English: Buffalo thorn, Cape thorn. (Beentje 1994; Gachati 1989; Kokwaro 2009). Botany and Ecology Ziziphus jujuba: Shrub or mall tree, 3–8 m tall. Spreading-branching spinose plants, branches angularly flexuose, glabrous, red-brown, with paired large acute prickles up to 3 cm long, and with thin erect greenish biseriately, leafy shoots (1–3 on each) like a compound leaf; leaves coriaceous, glabrous, dark green above, shiny, obliquely oblong- ovate to broadly lanceolate usually obtuse, rounded or slightly cordate at base, obtusely and finely dentate, short -petiolate or subsessile, with small stipules at base. Flowers stellate, 3–4 mm in diameter, in dense glomerules on very short peduncles, peduncles, sepals 5, ovate-triangular; petals 5, greenish-yellow, obovate, clawed at base. Fruit globulose, 1–1.5 cm long (in cultivated forms up to 3 cm long, often oblong-oval), to dark cinnamon, reddish-orange to red-purple shiny. Flowering from. June–July, fruiting from August. Caucasus, Middle Asia, on dry, gravelly, stony slopes, in open forests, up to 1500 m. Uncommon, occurs in small populations and as solitary individuals (Shishkin and Boborov 1949) (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7). Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.: Spiny, evergreen shrub or small tree up to 3–15 m tall, with trunk 40 cm or more in diameter. Crown spreading; branches with stipular spines, drooping. Bark dark grey or dull black, irregularly fissured. Leaves variable, alternate, in 2 rows, oblong-elliptic, 2.5–6 Â 1.5–5 cm, with tip rounded or slightly notched base; finely wavy-toothed on edges, shiny green and hairless above; dense, whitish, soft hairs underneath. Inflorescence axillary cymes, 1–2 cm long, with 7–20 flowers; peduncles 2–3 mm long; flowers 2–3 mm across, greenish-yellow, faintly fragrant; pedicels 3–8 mm long; calyx with 5 deltoid lobes, hairy outside, glabrous within; petals 5, sub-spathulate, concave, reflexed. Fruit a drupe, globose to ovoid, up to 6 Â 4 cm in cultivation, usually much smaller when wild; skin smooth or rough, glossy, thin but tough, yellowish to reddish or blackish; flesh white, crisp, juicy, acidic to sweet, becoming mealy in fully ripe fruits. Seed a tuberculate and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ... 3 Fig. 1 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), Lagodekhi, Georgia. (Photo R. W. Bussmann and N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) irregularly furrowed stone, containing 1–2 elliptic brown kernels each 6 mm long (Johnston 1972) (Fig. 8). Ziziphus mucronata Willd.: Shrubs or small trees to 15(–30) m tall, armed with spinous stipules. Bark of bole dark grey, smooth to rough to corrugated; slash-wood crimson, soft. Branches often zig-zag. Leaf-blades ovate, (2–)3–6(–8) cm long, (1.3–)2–3.5(–4.7) cm wide, at base often markedly asymmetrical, rounded or rarely very shallowly cordate, acute, often acuminate or rarely obtuse, serrulate, 3-nerved from base, the nerves of the dull upper surface only slightly if at all impressed; petioles 2–7 mm long. Cymes (5–)10–15 mm long, and about as thick, (3–)7–25 flowered; peduncles 1–3 mm. long; pedicels 1–3 mm. long in flower, 3–5 mm long in fruit. Sepals 1.5–2 mm. long, spreading in flower. Petals 1–1.5 mm long, spread- ing in flower. Ovary 2-celled, stigmas 2. Fruit globose, 12–20 mm thick, reddish or reddish brown at maturity (Johnston 1972). Local Medicinal Uses Ziziphus abyssinica: Root decoction used as abortificant. Dried and powdered root rubbed in chest incision to treat pneumonia. Root decoction also to treat asthma, venereal diseases, stomachache, and snake bites. Burnt leaves for tonsilitis (Kokwaro 2009). 4 R. W. Bussmann et al. Fig. 2 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), Lagodekhi, Georgia. (Photo R. W. Bussmann and N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) Ziziohys jujuba: Up to the end of the nineteenth century it was highly valued in Europe in medicine where the fruits (Baccae jujubae, jujube, Brustbeere, breast berry) and preparations made from them were used as emollients in the treatment of throat and catarrhal infections (Sokolov 1988). In Middle Asia used as a laxative, sudorific, and anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, expectorant, emollient, anti- asthmatic, as hemostatic, and cystitis. Topically the extract is used for stomatitis. The fruits are used as sedative. The fruits are used for catarrh of the upper airways, fevers, and to treat intestinal infections. The root bark is used as a stimulant and the fruits have antibacterial action. In Middle Asia, a decoction of the fruit is used for anemia, chest pains, asthma, coughs, smallpox, diarrhea, and as an analgesic for diseases of the liver, kidneys, and intestines and also as hypotensive (Sokolov 1988). Has antibacterial properties (Ahmad Jan et al. 2019). Ziziphus mauritiana: Leaves, fruits, and bark are used medicinally. Pounded roots are added to drinking water and given to poultry suffering from diarrhea and to humans for indigestion. The root decoction is used as abortificant, the infusion for dysentery, tuberculosis, and indigestion. Dried and powdered root rubbed in chest incision to treat pneumonia. Root decoction also as prophylactioc to avoid swollen legs in menstruating women (Kokwaro 2009). Serves to treat chicken pox, ulcers, diarrhea, asthma, toothaches, and jaundice (Umair et al. 2019). In India, the species is used to remedy blood purifier, cholera, colic, diarrhea, digestion, dysentery, eye diseases (conjunctivitis), hair loss, fever, headache, edema, rheumatism, scorpion Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ... 5 Fig. 3 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), Lagodekhi, Georgia. (Photo R. W. Bussmann and N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) Fig. 4 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), Lagodekhi, Georgia. (Photo R. W. Bussmann and N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) sting, sores, spleen complaints, stomach ache, ulcer, wound, and whooping cough (Verma et al. 2007). In Nepal it is used as Root extract is antimycobacterial, anticonceptive, analgesic, and antidiabetic (Kunwar et al. 2009). Ziziphus mucronata Roots are used as a remedy for pain and to treat snakebite. Boils and other skin infections are treated with leaf paste, and this, together with an infusion of the roots, is a treatment for tubercular gland swellings, measles, 6 R. W. Bussmann et al. Fig. 5 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), market, Tbilisi, Georgia. (Photo R. W. Bussmann and N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana) Fig. 6 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), flowering branch. (Photo Maroof Ali Turi) Fig. 7 Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae), flowers, Pakistan. (Photo Maroof Ali Turi) Ziziphus jujuba Mill. ... 7 Fig. 8 Ziziphus mauritiana (Rhamnaceae), Pakistan. (Photo Hamand Ahmad Jan) dysentery, lumbago and chest complaints. The bark is used as an emetic; bark decoction is used for rheumatism and stomach troubles, bark infusion is used to treat coughs, and bark is used in a steam bath to purify the complexion. The bark decoction is used for snakebites, rheumatism, and stomach problems. Pounded leaves and roots are applied as poultice to cure boils and skin infections (Kokwaro 2009). Ziziphus nummularia is used in Pakistan as tonic, for hyperglycemia, constipation, throat problems, colds, and scabies (Umair et al. 2019), and in India, the species is used to remedy boils, colds, diarrhea, gum inflammation, and tonsilitis (Verma et al. 2007). Local Food Uses Ziziphus jujuba: The fruits are eaten, mostly dried. The fruits contain sugar that is both nutritious and tasty. Since ancient times the plant has been cultivated in gardens throughout its entire distribution area, especially in the East where there are several cultivated strains (Bussmann et al. 2016, 2018; Sokolov 1988). Ziziphus mauritiana: Fruit is eaten fresh or dried and can be made into a floury meal, butter, or a cheeselike paste, used as a condiment. Also used for candy making and pickling. The fruit is a good source of carotene, vitamins A and C, and fatty oils. A refreshing drink is prepared by macerating fruits in water.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi
    YIKA-VWAZA TRUST RESEARCH STUDY REPORT N (2017/18) Vascular Plant Survey of Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi By Sopani Sichinga ([email protected]) September , 2019 ABSTRACT In 2018 – 19, a survey on vascular plants was conducted in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve. The reserve is located in the north-western Malawi, covering an area of about 986 km2. Based on this survey, a total of 461 species from 76 families were recorded (i.e. 454 Angiosperms and 7 Pteridophyta). Of the total species recorded, 19 are exotics (of which 4 are reported to be invasive) while 1 species is considered threatened. The most dominant families were Fabaceae (80 species representing 17. 4%), Poaceae (53 species representing 11.5%), Rubiaceae (27 species representing 5.9 %), and Euphorbiaceae (24 species representing 5.2%). The annotated checklist includes scientific names, habit, habitat types and IUCN Red List status and is presented in section 5. i ACKNOLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, let me thank the Nyika–Vwaza Trust (UK) for funding this work. Without their financial support, this work would have not been materialized. The Department of National Parks and Wildlife (DNPW) Malawi through its Regional Office (N) is also thanked for the logistical support and accommodation throughout the entire study. Special thanks are due to my supervisor - Mr. George Zwide Nxumayo for his invaluable guidance. Mr. Thom McShane should also be thanked in a special way for sharing me some information, and sending me some documents about Vwaza which have contributed a lot to the success of this work. I extend my sincere thanks to the Vwaza Research Unit team for their assistance, especially during the field work.
    [Show full text]
  • Urticalean Rosids: Circumscription, Rosid Ancestry, and Phylogenetics Based on Rbcl, Trnl-F, and Ndhf Sequences1
    American Journal of Botany 89(9): 1531±1546. 2002. URTICALEAN ROSIDS: CIRCUMSCRIPTION, ROSID ANCESTRY, AND PHYLOGENETICS BASED ON RBCL, TRNL-F, AND NDHF SEQUENCES1 KENNETH J. SYTSMA,2,9 JEFFERY MORAWETZ,2,4 J. CHRIS PIRES,2,5 MOLLY NEPOKROEFF,2,6 ELENA CONTI,2,7 MICHELLE ZJHRA,2,8 JOCELYN C. HALL,2 AND MARK W. C HASE3 2Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA, and 3Molecular Systematics Section, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK To address the composition of the urticalean rosids, the relationships of the component families (maximally Cannabaceae, Cecro- piaceae, Celtidaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae) and analyze evolution of morphological characters, we analyzed sequence variation for a large sampling of these families and various rosid outgroups using rbcL, trnL-F, and ndhF plastid regions. Urticalean rosids are derived out of a lineage including Barbeyaceae, Dirachmaceae, Elaeagnaceae, and Rhamnaceae, with Rosaceae less closely related; thus, they are imbedded within Rosales. Ulmaceae are the sister to all remaining families. Cannabaceae are derived out of a subclade of Celtidaceae; this expanded family should be called Cannabaceae. Cecropiaceae are derived within Urticaceae and are polyphyletic with Poikilospermum derived elsewhere within Urticaceae; this expanded family should be called Urticaceae. Monophy- letic Moraceae are sister to this expanded Urticaceae. Support for these relationships comes from a number of morphological characters (¯oral sexuality, presence or absence of hypanthium, stamen type and dehiscence, pollen pore number, ovule position, and embryo alignment) and chromosome numbers. Most fruit types, in terms of ecological dispersal, are derived independently multiple times and are strongly correlated with habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossy Buckthorn Rhamnusoriental Frangula Bittersweet / Frangula Alnus Control Guidelines Fact Sheet
    Glossy buckthorn Oriental bittersweet Rhamnus frangula / Frangula alnus Control Guidelines Fact Sheet NH Department of Agriculture, Markets & Food, Division of Plant Industry, 29 Hazen Dr, Concord, NH 03301 (603) 271-3488 Common Name: Glossy buckthorn Latin Name: Rhamnus frangula / Frangula alnus New Hampshire Invasive Species Status: Prohibited (Agr 3800) Native to: Japan leaves (spring) Glossy buckthorn invasion Sapling (summer) Flowers (spring) Roadside invasion of saplings Fleshy fruits (fall) Gray bark w/ lenticels (Summer) Emodin in berries - effects to birds Fall foliage (Autumn) Description: Deciduous shrub or small tree measuring 20' by 15'. Bark: Grayish to brown with raised lenticels. Stems: Cinnamon colored with light gray lenticels. Leaves: Alternate, simple and broadly ovate. Flowers: Inconspicuous, 4- petaled, greenish-yellow, mid-May. Fruit: Fleshy, 1/4” diameter turning black in the fall. Zone: 3-7. Habitat: Adapts to most conditions including pH, heavy shade to full sun. Spread: Seeds are bird dispersed. Comments: Highly Aggressive, fast growing, outcompetes native species. Controls: Remove seedlings and saplings by hand. Larger trees can be cut or plants can be treated with an herbicide. General Considerations Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multi-stemmed shrub or single-stemmed tree up to 23’ (7 m) tall. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arranged alternately. Leaves are dark-green and glossy above while dull-green below. The leaf margins are smooth/entire and tend to be slightly wavy. Flowers are small, about ¼” and somewhat inconspicuous forming in May to June. They develop and in small clusters of 2-8. Fruits form in mid to late summer and contain 2-3 seeds per berry.
    [Show full text]
  • A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology of a Rust Fungus Infecting Rhamnus Frangula and Phalaris Arundinacea
    Biology of a rust fungus infecting Rhamnus frangula and Phalaris arundinacea Yue Jin USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) Nature Center, Roseville, MN Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula) From “Flora of Wisconsin” Ranked Order of Terrestrial Invasive Plants That Threaten MN -Minnesota Terrestrial Invasive Plants and Pests Center Puccinia coronata var. hordei Jin & Steff. ✧ Unique spore morphology: ✧ Cycles between Rhamnus cathartica and grasses in Triticeae: o Hordeum spp. o Secale spp. o Triticum spp. o Elymus spp. ✧ Other accessory hosts: o Bromus tectorum o Poa spp. o Phalaris arundinacea Rust infection on Rhamnus frangula Central Park Nature Center, Roseville, MN June 2017 Heavy infections on Rhamnus frangula, but not on Rh. cathartica Uredinia formed on Phalaris arundinacea soon after mature aecia released aeiospores from infected Rhamnus frangula Life cycle of Puccinia coronata from Nazaredno et al. 2018, Molecular Plant Path. 19:1047 Puccinia coronata: a species complex Forms Telial host Aecial host (var., f. sp.) (primanry host) (alternate host) avenae Oat, grasses in Avenaceae Rhamnus cathartica lolii Lolium spp. Rh. cathartica festucae Fescuta spp. Rh. cathartica hoci Hocus spp. Rh. cathartica agronstis Agrostis alba Rh. cathartica hordei barley, rye, grasses in triticeae Rh. cathartica bromi Bromus inermis Rh. cathartica calamagrostis Calamagrostis canadensis Rh. alnifolia ? Phalaris arundinacea Rh. frangula Pathogenicity test on cereal crop species using aeciospores from Rhamnus frangula Cereal species Genotypes Response Oats 55 Immune Barley 52 Immune Wheat 40 Immune Rye 6 Immune * Conclusion: not a pathogen of cereal crops Pathogenicity test on grasses Grass species Genotypes Response Phalaris arundinacea 12 Susceptible Ph.
    [Show full text]
  • Physicochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) at Different Maturation Stages
    agronomy Article Physicochemical and Antioxidant Capacity of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) at Different Maturation Stages Juana Reche 1, Maria Soledad Almansa 2, Francisca Hernández 1 , Asunción Amorós 2 and Pilar Legua 1,* 1 Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Ctra. de Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (J.R.); [email protected] (F.H.) 2 Department of Applied Biology, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Ctra. de Beniel, Km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (M.S.A.); [email protected] (A.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-966-749-669 Abstract: Jujube is a crop very resistant to drought and salinity, making it an interesting growing alternative in southeastern Spain. The characteristics of five different cultivars of the jujube fruit have been evaluated and classified into four different maturation stages according to the color of the peel, ranging from green in its most immature stage, to white, yellow, and red in its last, more mature stage. This is due in part to the amount of carotenoids and chlorophylls studied, which vary as the fruit matures. The cultivars ‘GAL-E’ and ‘GAL-T’ are the largest in size and weight, followed by ‘MSI’, ‘PSI’, and ‘DAT’, which are the smallest cultivars. The content of phenolic compounds was also analyzed. The antioxidant activity, which was studied by different methods, 2,20-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), showed the highest activity in stages 3 and 4 of jujube fruit.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Dormancy and Consequences for Direct Tree Seeding H
    Seed dormancy and consequences for direct tree seeding H. Frochot, Philippe Balandier, A. Sourisseau To cite this version: H. Frochot, Philippe Balandier, A. Sourisseau. Seed dormancy and consequences for direct tree seed- ing. Final COST E47 conference Forest vegetation management towards environmental sustainability, May 2009, Vejle, Denmark. p. 43 - p. 45. hal-00468732 HAL Id: hal-00468732 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00468732 Submitted on 31 Mar 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Forest Vegetation Management – towards environmental sustainability, N.S. Bentsen (Ed.), Proccedings from the final COST E47 Conference, Vejle, Denmark, 2009/05/5-7, Forest and Landscape Working Papers n° 35-2009, 43-45. Seed dormancy and consequences for direct tree seeding Henri Frochot1), Philippe Balandier2,3), Agnès Sourisseau4) 1) INRA, UMR1092 LERFOB, F-54280 Champenoux, France, [email protected]; [email protected] 2) Cemagref, UR EFNO, Nogent sur Vernisson, France 3) INRA, UMR547 PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, France 4) Independent Landscaper, Paris, France Key words Afforestation, direct seeding, dormancy, seed, tree Introduction Whereas direct tree seeding was probably used extensively in France in the past, it is currently only employed for the reforestation of Pinus pinaster and some species with big seeds such as oak.
    [Show full text]
  • Frangula Paruensis, a New Name for Rhamnus Longipes Steyermark (Rhamnaceae)
    FRANGULA PARUENSIS, A NEW NAME FOR RHAMNUS LONGIPES STEYERMARK (RHAMNACEAE) GERARDO A. AYMARD C.1, 2 Abstract. The new name Frangula paruensis (Rhamnaceae) is proposed to replace the illegitimate homonym Rhamnus longipes Steyermark (1988). Chorological, taxonomic, biogeographical, and habitat notes about this taxon also are provided. Resumen. Se propone Frangula paruensis (Rhamnaceae) como un nuevo nombre para reemplazar el homónimo ilegítimo Rhamnus longipes Steyermark (1988). Se incluye información corológica, taxonómica, biogeográfica, y de hábitats acerca de la especie. Keywords: Frangula, Rhamnus, Rhamnaceae, Parú Massif, Tepuis flora, Venezuela Rhamnus L. and Frangula Miller (Rhamnaceae) have Frangula paruensis is a shrub, ca. 2 m tall, with leaves ca. 150 and ca. 50 species, respectively (Pool, 2013, 2015). ovate, or oblong-ovate, margin subrevolute, repand- These taxa are widely distributed around the world but are crenulate, a slightly elevated tertiary venation on the lower absent in Madagascar, Australia, and Polynesia (Medan and surface, and mature fruiting peduncle and pedicels 1–1.5 Schirarend, 2004). According to Grubov (1949), Kartesz cm long, and fruiting calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate and Gandhi (1994), Bolmgren and Oxelman (2004), and (two main features to separate Frangula from Rhamnus). Pool (2013) the recognition of Frangula is well supported. This species is endemic to the open, rocky savannas On the basis of historical and recent molecular work the on tepui slopes and summits at ca. 2000 m (Steyermark genus is characterized by several remarkable features. Pool and Berry, 2004). This Venezuelan taxon was described (2013: 448, table 1) summarized 11 features to separate the as Rhamnus longipes by Steyermark (1988), without two genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterodichogamy.Pdf
    Research Update TRENDS in Ecology & Evolution Vol.16 No.11 November 2001 595 How common is heterodichogamy? Susanne S. Renner The sexual systems of plants usually Heterodichogamy differs from normal (Zingiberales). These figures probably depend on the exact spatial distribution of dichogamy, the temporal separation of underestimate the frequency of the gamete-producing structures. Less well male and female function in flowers, in heterodichogamy. First, the phenomenon known is how the exact timing of male and that it involves two genetic morphs that is discovered only if flower behavior is female function might influence plant occur at a 1:1 ratio. The phenomenon was studied in several individuals and in mating. New papers by Li et al. on a group discovered in walnuts and hazelnuts5,6 natural populations. Differential of tropical gingers describe differential (the latter ending a series of Letters to movements and maturation of petals, maturing of male and female structures, the Editor about hazel flowering that styles, stigmas and stamens become such that half the individuals of a began in Nature in 1870), but has gone invisible in dried herbarium material, population are in the female stage when almost unnoticed7. Indeed, its recent and planted populations deriving from the other half is in the male stage. This discovery in Alpinia was greeted as a vegetatively propagated material no new case of heterodichogamy is unique new mechanism, differing ‘from other longer reflect natural morph ratios. The in involving reciprocal movement of the passive outbreeding devices, such as discovery of heterodichogamy thus styles in the two temporal morphs. dichogamy…and heterostyly in that it depends on field observations.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhamnaceae) Jürgen Kellermanna,B
    Swainsona 33: 43–50 (2020) © 2020 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia) Nomenclatural notes and typifications in Australian species of Paliureae (Rhamnaceae) Jürgen Kellermanna,b a State Herbarium of South Australia, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, South Australia 5001 Email: [email protected] b The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Abstract: The nomenclature of the four species of Ziziphus Mill. and the one species of Hovenia Thunb. occurring in Australia is reviewed, including the role of the Hermann Herbarium for the typification of Z. oenopolia (L.) Mill. and Z. mauritiana Lam. Lectotypes are chosen for Z. quadrilocularis F.Muell. and Z. timoriensis DC. A key to species is provided, as well as illustrations for Z. oenopolia, Z. quadrilocularis and H. dulcis Thunb. Keywords: Nomenclature, typification, Hovenia, Ziziphus, Rhamnaceae, Paliureae, Paul Hermann, Carolus Linnaeus, Henry Trimen, Australia Introduction last worldwide overview of the genus was published by Suessenguth (1953). Since then, only regional Rhamnaceae tribe Paliureae Reissek ex Endl. was treatments and revisions have been published, most reinstated by Richardson et al. (2000b), after the first notably by Johnston (1963, 1964, 1972), Bhandari & molecular analysis of the family (Richardson et al. Bhansali (2000), Chen & Schirarend (2007) and Cahen 2000a). It consists of three genera, Hovenia Thunb., et al. (in press). For Australia, the genus as a whole was Paliurus Tourn. ex Mill. and Ziziphus Mill., which last reviewed by Bentham (1863), with subsequent until then were assigned to the tribes Rhamneae regional treatments by Wheeler (1992) and Rye (1997) Horan.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data
    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Ziziphus Mauritiana. Availab
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Ziziphus mauritiana Ziziphus mauritiana System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Rhamnales Rhamnaceae Common name appeldam (English, Dutch West Indies), baher (English, Fiji), bahir (English, Fiji), baer (English, Fiji), jujube (English, Guam), manzanita (English, Guam), manzanas (English, Guam), jujubier (French), Chinese date (English), Chinese apple (English), Indian jujube (English), Indian plum (English), Indian cherry (English), Malay jujube (English), coolie plum (English, Jamaica), crabapple (English, Jamaica), dunk (English, Barbados), mangustine (English, Barbados), dunks (English, Trinidad), dunks (English, Tropical Africa), Chinee apple (English, Queensland, Australia), ponsigne (English, Venezuela), yuyubo (English, Venezuela), aprin (English, Puerto Rico), yuyubi (English, Puerto Rico), perita haitiana (English, Dominican Republic), pomme malcadi (French, West Indies), pomme surette (French, West Indies), petit pomme (French, West Indies), liane croc chien (French, West Indies), gingeolier (French, West Indies), dindoulier (French, West Indies), manzana (apple) (English, Philippines), manzanita (little apple) (English, Philippines), bedara (English, Malaya), widara (English, Indonesia), widara (English, Surinam), phutsa (English, Thailand), ma-tan (English, Thailand), putrea (English, Cambodia), tao (English, Vietnam), tao nhuc (English, Vietnam), ber (English, India), bor (English, India) Synonym Ziziphus jujuba , (L.) Lam., non P. Mill. Rhamnus mauritiana
    [Show full text]