South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 4-1-1931 The hrS ubs and Climbing Vines of South Dakota N.E. Hansen Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Hansen, N.E., "The hrS ubs and Climbing Vines of South Dakota" (1931). Bulletins. Paper 263. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/263 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin 263 August, 1931 The Shrubs and Climbing Vines of South Dakota N. E. Hansen CRATAEGUS Many of the native hawthorns of South Dakota are very desirable for ornamental plant­ ing. They are small trees but will flower in shrub form also. The horizontal branches of many of these hardy hawthorns repeat the flat lines of the prairie so they are emi­ nently suited for landscape gardening upon the prairie. (S. D. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 260, page 18.) Horticulture Department Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts Brookings, S. D. 111,,,,,,,,,11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,111111111,1111111111,1,11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 \ TETONKAHA ROSE This was developed by N. E. Hansen from the wild rose found at Lake Oakwood about 18 miles northwest of Brookings. This is the first of the fifteen varieties of roses origi­ nated and sent out by N. E. Hansen. (See South Dakota Bulletin No. 240.) The Teton­ kaha is a very free bloomer and is used for hedges or for sinde specimens in the shrub border. The color is a deep pink. It has about 18 to 25 petals. This is very fragrant. The most double of this series is the Sioux Beauty which was introduced in 1927. Pedigree is Tetonkaha x American Beauty. This is very double and has nearly or quite 100 petals and petaloids. More hardy varieties are on the way. The Shrubs and Climbing Vines of South Dakota N. E. Hansen This bulletin should be studied in connection with the following bulle­ tins: South Dakota Bulletin No. 224, May, 1927. Plant Introductions. South Dakota Bulletin No. 240, June, 1929. Hardy Roses for South Dakota. South Dakota Bulletin No. 246, March, 1930. The Shade, Windbreak and Timber Trees of South Dakota. South Dakota Bulletin No. 254, October, 1930. Evergreens in South Dakota. South Dakota Bulletin No. 260, May, 1931. The Ornamental Trees of South Dakota. In these. bulletins the experience at Brookings and throughout the state with trees and shrubs is summarized. Notes on the arrangement of shrubs in groups are given in Extension Circular No. 280, "Beautifying the Home Grounds" by A. L. Ford, South Dakota State college. The literature on landscape gardening is extensive. A late manual on shrubs is "The Book of Shrubs'' by Alfred C. Hottes (35). Literature Cited In this bulletin the number at the end of a quotation refers to the cor­ responding number in the following list: (1) AmericanA catalog Jointof Approved Committee Scientific on and Horticultural Common Names Nomenclature of Plants in American 1923. Com­ Standarizedmerce. 564 Plant p. Mount Names. Pleasant Press, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. (2) Bailey,6 Vols. L. 3639 H. p.,1914-17. illus. The Macmillan Company, New York. Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. (3) Bailey,851 p., L. illus. H. 1924.The Macmillan Company, New York. Manual of Cultivated Plants. (5) Bean,2 Vols. W. 1424 J. 1915. p., illus. E. P. Dutton & Company, New York. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles. (7) Dipple,3 Vols. Leopold, 1792 p., illus. 1889-93. Paul Parey, Berlin. Handbuch Der Laubholzkunde. (9) Hansen,S. D. Agr. N. Expt.E. 1901. Sta. Bui. 72 112 p., illus. Ornamentals for South Dakota. (11) Hansen,S. D. Expt. N. Sta.E. 1927. Bui. 224, 64 p., illus. Plant Introductions. 1'1 BULLETIN 263, SOUTH DAKOTA EXPERIMENT STATION 1(14) Keeler, Harriet L. 1913. Our Native Trees. 533 p., illus. Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. \(17) Leslie, W.R. 1918-1919. Native Fruits of Manitoba. p. 225-236. Annual Report of the South Dakota State Horticultural Society. {18) Moyer, L. R. 1917. Report on Minnesota Trees. Annual Report of the South Dakota State Horticultural Society. (19) Over, W.H. 1923. Trees and Shrubs of South Dakota. S. D. Geological and Natural History Survey. University of S. D., Vermillion, Series XXIII, No. 2, 13 p. (20) Pammel, L.H. 1911. Manual of Poisonous Plants. Iowa State College. 977 p., illus. The Torch Press, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. (22) Rehder, Alfred. 1927. Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs. 930 p. The Macmillan Company, New York. (23) Rosendahl & Butters. 1928. Trees and Shrubs of Minnesota. 385 p., illus. The University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis, Minnesota. (26) Saunders, D. A. 1899. Ferns and Flowering Plants of South Dakota. S. D. Agr. Expt. Bui. 64, 132 p. (27) Sudworth, George B. 1888. Forest Flora of the Rocky Mountain Region. In Forest Conditions of the Rocky Mountains. Forestry Division. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. No. 2, 37 p. (28) Williams, T. A. 1895. Native Trees and Shrubs of South Dakota. S. D. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 43, 31 p. (29) Kirkwood, J.E. 1930. Northern Rocky Mountain Trees and Shrubs. Stanford University Press, Stanford University, California. (30) l\kKelvey, Susan Delano. 1928. The Lilac. 581 p., Macmillan Company. New York. {31) Keeler, Harriet L. 1912. Our Northern Shrubs. 521 p., Charles Scribner's Sons. New York. (32) Hedrick, U. P. 1915. The Cherries of New York. 371 p., J. B. Lyon Company. Albany, Ne,v York. (33) Wilson, Ernest H. 1917. Aristocrats of the Garden. 312 p., Doubleday, Page and Company. Garden City, New York. (34) Wilson, Ernest H. 1928. More Aristocrats of the Garden. 287 p., The Stratford Company. Boston, Massachusetts. (35) Hottes, Alfred C. 1928. The Book of Shrubs. 371 p., A. T. De La Mare Company, Inc. New York. (36) Hansen, N. E. 1930. Bulletin No. 246, The Shade, Windbreak and Timber Trees of South Dakota. SHRUBS AND CLIMBING VINES 5 The Relation of Hardiness of Trees and Shrubs to Their Geographical Origin. "In Conclusion. Seven Sylvan Suggestions. A careful study of the na­ tive habitat of the over five hundred plants mentioned in this bulletin repay the lover of plants. The following deductions may fairly be made:will 1. Faulty methods of propagation, especially the use of tender or un­ congenial stocks, sometimes give hardy plants a bad name. The foregoing list of trees and shrubs, would have been larger, notably in Prunus and Pyrus, but for the winter-killing of the tender roots or stocks, making defi­ nite judgment unsafe. 2. As a rule, plants from Japan, most of China, the southern and central parts of Asia and Europe, and the milder coast regions of the United States, are not hardy in South Dakota. In other words, plants from a comparatively mild, moist coast climate are not adapted to a dry con­ tinental climate. Man readily adapts himself to such environments and finds the climate salubrious, but plants have no power to provide against such extreme changes. 3. Plants from the drier, interior northern parts of Europe and Asia prove hardy in South Dakota. This suggests the thought that tree plant­ ers in the hearts of the three continents in the northern Hemisphere, North America, Europe and Asia, might with natural advantage exchange all the treasures of their flora for trial. 4. Many plants can not adapt themselves to a change in location nor to cultivation in open exposure. Some hardy, native plants, which flourish in sheltered places or on moist land, fail on dry upland. Some plants are strong and aggressive, while others a1·e retiring and dependent. 5. Trees and shrubs extending over a wide geographical range vary greatly in hardiness according to their locality. Hence great care should be taken in the selection of seeds _and plants. This variation in hardiness points to a slow process of acclimation by nature. De Candolle writes in "The Origin of Cultivated Plants": "The northern limits of wild species * * * have not changed within historic times although the seeds are carried frequently and continually to the north of each limit. Periods of . more than four or five thousand years, or changements of form and dura­ tion, are needed apparently to produce a modification in a plant which will allow it to support a greater degree of cold." 6. We should take full advantage of this great work done for us by nature in acclimating plants, and cultivate our local form of the native species instead of the form adapted in the course of thousands of years to a mild, moist climate. 7. This fundamental thought, to work with, and not against, nature in the adapting of plants to our prairie climate, underlies all efforts in the improvement of plants, both fruit and ornamental, which is the main line of work of this department." N. E. Hansen (9). The above generalization as to hardiness was published in 1901, and is confirmed by the experience since that time. 6 BULLETIN 263, SOUTH DAKOTA EXPERIMENT STATION Plants from Siberia, especially eastern and central Siberia, are hardy in South Dakota. Plants from farther south in Siberia are of less degree of hardiness. For example, Redvein Crab (Mains niedzwetzkyana) from the Semiretchinsk province is not hardy in open exposure in South Dako-.