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Home , Klemens von Metternich, Louis Blanc

Test Bank – Spielvogel Chapter 21 – Answers 1. The leader of the Congress of was 7. At its most elementary Burkean level, A. Tsar Alexander I. A. sought to preserve the achievements of previous B. . generations by subordinating individual rights to C. Viscount Castlereigh. communal welfare. D. Prince Talleyrand. B. became the most popular political philosophy in Russia. E. Klemens von Metternich. C. sought above all else the achievement of individual rights. 2. Metternich's "principle of legitimacy" refers to D. was never popular among the political elite of Europe. A. freedom of religion. E. championed individual rights and laissez-faire government. B. the adoption of laissez-faire economics. 8. The man long regarded as the George Washington of Latin C. the sanctity of marriage. America is D. proper justification for revolution. A. José de San Martín. E. the restoration of legitimate monarchs who would preserve B. Simón Bolívar. traditional institutions. C. Guillermo Pelgrón. 3. The D. Simón Carreño. A. gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands. E. Pancho Villa. B. created policies that would maintain the European balance 9. The most important factor in preventing the European of power. overthrow of the newly independent nations of Latin America C. failed to achieve long-lasting among European was nations. A. European economic collapse. D. treated France leniently following Napoleon's One B. the guiding American foreign policy. . C. the sheer size of South America. E. sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie. D. growing support for pacifism in Europe. 4. The Congress of Vienna's treatment of Poland E. British naval power. A. demonstrates the application of the principle of legitimacy. 10. By 1824, which one of the following Latin American states B. reveals the overshadowing of the principle of legitimacy by had not become independent? more practical considerations of power. A. Peru. C. resulted in Austrian domination of Poland. B. Paraguay. D. allowed for complete Polish autonomy. C. Uruguay. E. shows the emergence of Poland as a great European power. D. Colombia. 5. Klemens von Metternich E. Panama. A. supported much of the revolutionary ideology after 11. During its period of dominance in the first quarter of the Napoleon's defeat. nineteenth century, Britain's government B. thought that a free press was necessary to maintain the A. embarked on a massive program of electoral reform. status quo. B. passed the Corn Law of 1815, which drastically reduced C. had little influence because of his extreme conservatism. tariffs on foreign grain. D. was anti-religious and supported atheistic causes. C. allowed for large public meetings and the dissemination of E. believed European monarchs shared the common interest pamphlets among the poor as a sign of good will. of stability. D. enacted policies that sparked mass protests, including the 6. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, Peterloo Massacre of 1819. A. wrote in support of the E. dramatically improved the conditions of the working B. suggested the importance of spreading revolution classes by guaranteeing cheap bread. throughout Europe. 12. After the Congress of Vienna, Italy C. suggested that sudden change was an important means of A. was entirely unified as a single country. renewing society. B. had been divided into nine states, subject to the D. condemned the radical republican and democratic ideas of domination of other European powers. the French Revolution. C. was divided into two states, one in the north and the other E. argued against the idea that the state should be considered a in the south. partnership agreement. D. was annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress. E. sank into complete anarchy and chaos.

13. The growing forces of and in central E. God and nature had ordained the permanent inferiority of Europe were exemplified by the women. A. increased liberal reforms of Frederick William III of Prussia 20. Central to the liberal ideology in the nineteenth century was between 1815 and 1840. A. the passage of child labor laws. B. national affinity and unity felt by the many Austrian ethnic B. the preservation of law and order. groups under Frederick II. C. an emphasis on individual freedom. C. liberal constitutions of the states of the German D. the buildup of a nation's military. Confederation. E. the creation of a socialist community. D. Burschenschaften, the student societies of . 21. The growing movement of nationalism in nineteenth-century E. the enlightened leadership of central European political elites. Europe 14. The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 did all of the following A. was resisted by liberals, who felt that all ethnic groups EXCEPT should live together harmoniously. A. disband the Burschenshaften. B. advocated the formation of one European nation to end B. impose on the German press. economic and military conflicts. C. placed most German universities under close government C. was radical since it encouraged people to shift their supervision. political loyalty away from existing states and rulers. D. dissolved several smaller German states. D. found its best expression in the writings of John Stuart E. placed restrictions upon university activities. Mill. 15. Following the death of Alexander I in 1825, Russian society E. declined after the Congress of Vienna. under Nicholas I became 22. The early socialist who advocated a system of A. the most liberal of the European powers. communities called phalansteries was B. rapidly industrialized. A. Flora Tristian. C. an industrial power after the abolition of serfdom. B. . D. increasingly influenced by ultra-conservative societies, such C. Louis Blanc. as the Northern Union. D. Charler Fourier. E. a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external E. the comte de Saint-Simón. revolutionary upheavals. 23. The July Ordinances of Charles X in 1830 16. The author of Essay on the Principles of Population was A. represent Charles's acceptance of political liberalism. A. Adam Smith. B. reduced the French electorate and imposed rigid B. David Ricardo. censorship of the press. C. . C. resulted in the king's assassination by radicals. D. Edmund Burke. D. enacted the socialist ideals of Flora Tristan. E. Thomas Malthus. E. redefined the relationship between the French state and the 17. David Ricardo's iron law of wages stated that Catholic Church. A. wages would rise as competition eliminated inefficient 24. King Louis-Philippe of France producers. A. did all he could to help the impoverished industrial B. wages would decline as productivity drove prices down. workers. C. wages would fall when the population of workers B. cooperated with François Guizot and the Party of increased. Resistance against the Party of Movement. D. wages would rise as workers organized into unions. C. allowed for great reforms in the electoral system. E. wages were irrelevant; only commodities like pig iron D. was the son of the former King Charles X. mattered. E. died peacefully in France. 18. The foremost social group embracing liberalism was made up 25. The most successful nationalistic European revolution in by 1830 was in A. factory workers. A. Poland. B. the industrial middle class. B. Germany. C. radical aristocrats. C. Italy. D. army officers. D. Russia. E. the landed gentry. E. . 19. J.S. Mill's On the Subjection of Women stated that 26. Louis-Philippe became known as the A. women should be kept in the home to improve men's A. "bourgeois monarch." chances of finding work. B. "the man of the people." B. men and women did not possess different natures. C. "the nobles' champion." C. Parliament should admit women members immediately. D. "diplomat king." D. female convicts be shipped out to colonize Australia. E. "utopian king."

27. The Polish national uprising of 1830 was crushed by C. failed in its attempt to create a united Germany. A. France. D. gained the support of Austria. B. Prussia. E. declared its with revolutionary France. C. Austria. 34. Political caricatures during the 1830s and 1840s in France D. Russia. often depicted Louis-Philippe with a pear-shaped head in part E. Britain. because the French word for pear had the slang meaning of 28. Which of the following statements best applies to Thomas A. autocratic. Macaulay's thoughts on reform in Britain? B. cruel. A. He opposed giving political concessions to the middle C. lascivious. class. D. corrupt. B. He was convinced that reforms were largely unnecessary E. simpleton or fool. due to Britain's democratic heritage. 35. 's nationalist organization, , C. He supported reforms as a means of preventing more A. liberated Italy's northern provinces from Austrian control. radical revolutionary movements. B. failed to achieve his goal of "resurgence" by 1849. D. He was afraid reforms would cause the collapse of the C. helped inspire successful liberal constitutions throughout current Parliament and the political domination of the Italy. landed elite. D. used the liberals in governments to extend suffrage to Italy's E. He adamantly opposed any and all political and social working classes. reforms. E. allied itself with the papacy to drive France out of Italy. 29. The Reform Bill of 1832 in Britain primarily benefited the 36. Mazzini's risorgimento A. landed . A. was largely successful in political terms. B. peasants. B. failed due to opposition of the French, the , and C. working class. the pope. D. clergy. C. became the basic ideology of contemporary German E. upper middle-class. liberals. 30. The English Poor Law of 1834 was based on the theory that D. was most popular among the Italian middle classes. A. the poor were entitled to decent levels of support. E. succeeded in establishing a socialist society. B. the rich had a moral obligation to support the poor. 37. Suffrage had been extended to almost an adult males in the C. if the conditions of provision for state welfare were United States by the intentionally made miserable, then the poor would be A. 1780s. encouraged to find profitable employment. B. 1790s. D. levels of state support for social welfare programs should be C. 1820s. indexed to the cost of living. D. 1830s. E. indoor relief was better than outdoor relief. E. none of the above. 31. The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in 38. Professional civilian police forces known as serjents first A. the continued rule of Louis-Philippe but with radical appeared in 1829 in reforms. A. Germany. B. new elections to the national Assembly, resulting in the B. Russia. dominance of the radical republicans. C. Italy. C. Europe's first under the guidance of Blanc's D. Bavaria. workshops. E. France. D. a new French empire under Louis Napoleon. E. the triumph of the . 39. London's police were called "bobbies" because A. on their horses they seemed to "bob" above the crowd like 32. Louis Blanc's "national workshops" in France an apple in a barrel. A. became a vital part of the French . B. no one knows the reason. B. were extremely important to the French radical aristocracy. C. the legislation to create them was introduced by Robert C. became little more than unemployment compensation Peel. units through public works projects. D. the first officer sworn into duty was named Bob. D. built many national parks in France. E. that way they would have a nickname. E. turned the city of Paris into the "City of Lights."

33. In 1848, the Frankfurt Assembly A. unanimously adopted a Grossdeutsch solution for the Germanies. B. succeeded in making Prussia's Frederick William IV president of a united Germany.

40. Regular police forces and prison reform were geared toward 46. Which of the following were major themes/subjects of A. the creation of more disciplined and law-abiding societies. Romantic artists? B. appeasing the public outcry against the barbarism of the A. portraits. ordeal and the rack. B. Madonnas and religious scenes. C. protecting the poor from exploitation by rich businessmen. C. landscapes and depictions of nature. D. adding an element of fear to society for psychological D. scenes from aristocratic family life. manipulation of mass populations. E. urban scenes. E. ensuring the continuance of oligarchic government. 47. in art and music was well characterized by 41. All of the following were characteristics of Romanticism A. Chateaubriand, whose many paintings anticipated the EXCEPT Impressionist movement. A. a strong, pantheistic worship of nature. B. Beethoven, whose compositions bridged the gap between B. the rejection of the supernatural and unfamiliar. Classicism and Romanticism. C. a preoccupation with sentiment, suffering, and self- C. Delacroix, who broke classical conventions by using only sacrifice. blacks and whites in his paintings. D. a reverence for history that inspired nationalism. D. Friedrich, whose "program" music played upon the E. a reaction to the excesses of the Industrial Revolution. listeners' emotions. 42. The writer who argued that historical events were largely E. Bach, whose organ music inspired the hearer's feelings. determined by the deeds of Romantic heroes who transformed 48. Neo-Gothic buildings exhibited the nineteenth-century society was revival of A. Edgard Allen Poe. A. medieval architecture. B. Hans Christian Andersen. B. Greek architecture. C. Thomas Macauley. C. Roman architecture. D. . D. Byzantine architecture. E. William Wordsworth. E. Renaissance architecture. 43. The Romantic movement can be viewed as 49. The Romantic artist whose paintings were described as "airy A. a reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with visions, painted with tinted steam" was reason. A. Friedrich. B. a continuation of Enlightenment ideals and practices. B. Turner. C. an attempt to create a socialist society. C. Delacroix. D. a movement of lower-class, less literate people. D. Watteau. E. a fascination with war and conflict. E. Berlioz. 44. The American romantic author of The Fall of the House of 50. Religion in the age of Romanticism experienced Usher was A. a Catholic revival especially in Germany. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson. B. loss of faith among many artists and intellectuals. B. Thomas Carlyle. C. a decline in in England. C. Edgar Allan Poe. D. the mass popularization of eastern mystery religions in D. Herman Melville. Europe. E. . E. a return to Deism. 45. The most important form of literary expression for the Romantics was A. the essay. B. poetry. C. the novel. D. the play. E. the monograph.