2018 International History Olympiad 7. Which of these was a result of the Black Death in Battery - Part 1 ? A. unemployment increased Europe B. there was a decrease in social mobility C. wages generally increased Instructions – This portion of the Battery consists of 100 D. European population remained relatively questions. You will receive two points for a correct unchanged answer. You will lose one point for an incorrect answer. Blank responses lose no points. Please fill in the bubbles 8. The Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, issued in 1438, completely on the answer sheet. You may write on the called for which of the following? examination, but all responses must be bubbled on the A. the king of France to be elected by the people answer sheet. Diacritic marks such as accents have been B. a General Church Council in France every decade omitted from place names and other proper nouns. You and election rather than appointment of have one hour to complete this set of multiple choice ecclesiastical offices questions. C. the immediate suppression of the Huguenot movement in France 1. The cave paintings in Lascaux, France date from what D. an end to the Avignon Papacy era of prehistory? A. Bronze Age 9. The Emirate of Cordoba was established on the Iberian B. Paleolithic Peninsula by which of the following Islamic caliphates? C. Neolithic A. Fatimid D. Pliocene B. Rashidun C. Umayyad 2. Which Catholic and is known D. Abbasid as the father of Scholasticism? A. 10. The Alhambra Decree of 1492 ordered which of the B. Peter Abelard following? C. A. the expulsion of from Spain D. Avicenna B. launching a voyage of exploration to the New World 3. Which of these was the most influential weapon of the C. an immediate war with England due to the English Hundred Years’ War? Reformation A. cannon D. a governmental union with Portugal B. musket C. ballista 11. Linear A was the script used for which of the following D. longbow ancient languages? A. Mycenean 4. Which of the following best defines the term B. Phoenician primogeniture? C. Minoan A. the firstborn son should inherit a father’s title, land D. Etruscan and money B. a type of law that said women in the middle ages 12. Which of the following European leaders coined the could not own property of any kind term ‘Iron Curtain’ in the 1940s? C. a term for the infallibility of the A. Stalin D. the type of castle typically built on the coast in B. medieval France C. Winston Churchill D. Lloyd George 5. In 865 CE, England was invaded by a force known as which of the following? 13. Which of the following countries DID NOT accept aid A. the Spanish Armada under the Marshall Plan? B. the Golden Horde A. Great Britain C. the Great Heathen Army B. France D. the Normans C. Yugoslavia D. 6. The reached its greatest territorial extent under which of the following rulers? A. Constantine the Great B. Justinian the Great C. Theodosius the Great D. III the Drunkard

14. Which of these best characterizes Henry VIII’s 21. The so-called ‘Dorain Invasion’ is one theory for which purpose in pursuing the English Reformation? of the following in ancient history? A. showing support for Martin Luther A. the end of the B. attempting to push his own slate of reforms to the B. the collapse of Bronze-Age civilizations, including the Myceneans C. to assert English political authority over the C. the fall of the Persian empire Church and to obtain an annulment of his D. the transition from the Old Kingdom to the Middle marriage to Catherine of Aragon Kingdom in ancient Egypt D. to transform England in to the first Lutheran military power 22. What was the outcome of the Wars of the Roses? A. The Plantagenets came back together peacefully 15. The principle of cuius regio, eius religio was and Richard of York became king established in the Holy Roman Empire by what sixteenth- B. The Lancasters emerged victorious and ruled century treaty? England until the seventeenth century A. Augsburg C. The House of York won a costly and short-lived B. Westphalia victory C. Aix-la-Chapelle D. Henry Tudor gained the throne after defeating D. Ghent Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field

16. Which of the following cities was the center of the 23. Which of the following orchestrated the ‘bonfire of the Italian Renaissance? vanities’, and was then excommunicated and executed in A. Ravenna Florence in 1497? B. Florence A. Lorenzo di Medici C. Turin B. Rodrigo Borgia D. C. Girolamo Savonarola D. Bernard of Siena 17. The Edict of Nantes was signed in 1598 by what French king? 24. Which of the following was the most significant result A. Louis XIII of the Glorious Revolution? B. Louis XIV A. the passage of the Bill of Rights of 1689 and the C. Louis IX end of absolute monarchy in England D. Henry IV B. the restoration of the Stuart monarchy C. the ascension of a Catholic monarch to the 18. The of Westphalia recognized the English throne independence of which of the following countries from D. the end of the Tudor dynasty Spain? A. Switzerland 25. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the B. Luxembourg economic prosperity of the Dutch Republic in the C. Prussia seventeenth century? D. the Dutch Republic A. successful colonial possessions B. a substantial financial infrastructure in Amsterdam 19. Both Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus and Field and other Dutch cities Marshal Pappenheim of the Holy Roman Empire died in C. a large merchant marine what 1632 battle? D. close alliances with other European powers, A. Battle of Lutzen especially England and Spain B. Battle of Wolgast C. Battle of Dessau Bridge 26. Jean-Baptiste Colbert advocated all of the following as D. Battle of Lutter French Minister of Finance under Louis XIV ECXEPT which of the following? 20. The Falkland War resulted in which of the following in A. the abandonment of mercantilism and advocacy Great Britain in the early 1980s? of capitalism A. a rapid loss of prestige in the world community B. improvement of French manufacturing due to the British defeat C. raising protective tariffs B. a sharp decline in the British economy due to D. instituting large public works projects international sanctions C. a jump in popularity for in 27. Louis IX, Philip III, and Philip IV were all kings of Great Britain France from which dynasty that ruled from 987 to 1328? D. the end of British colonialism due to the Falkland’s A. Valois independence B. Capetian C. Carolingian D. Bourbon

28. The Conditions of the Working Class in England was 36. Which of the following was executed during the written by which of the following? English Civil War? A. Smith A. James I B. Friedrich Engels B. Charles I C. John Locke C. Charles II D. Thomas Hobbes D. George I

29. Which of the following was British monarch during the 37. Which of these crusades was targeted at a heretical American Revolution? Christian sect in the Languedoc region of France? A. Anne A. the Albigensian Crusade B. Victoria B. the People’s Crusade C. George III C. the Children’s Crusade D. William IV D. the Bosnian Crusade

30. The 1830s customs union that joined together the 38. Lenin’s New Economic Policy called for which of the German states was known by which of the following following in the Soviet Union? names? A. significant trade with European countries to build A. the Hanseatic League up the Soviet economy B. the B. a shift to some private ownership and a state- C. the Union of Lublin controlled market economy D. the szlachta C. a massive program of industrialization and technological advancement 31. Which of these men is considered the ‘father of D. mass production of consumer goods for the Soviet Athenian democracy’? people A. Hipparchus B. Cleisthenes 39. Which of the following battles, one of the bloodiest in C. Cleomenes human history with over one million casualties, took place D. Peisistratos along a namesake French river between July and November 1916? 32. ’s Kulturkampf was targeted at A. Battle of the Champagne which of the following in 1870s? B. Battle of the Seine A. socialists C. Battle of the Somme B. the Catholic Church D. Battle of Verdun C. the traditional Prussian nobility D. unruly German factory workers 40. Which of the following governed the ‘Free Zone’ in southern France during much of World War II? 33. Which of these did Austria-Hungary annex from the A. Charles de Gaulle and the ‘Free French’ in 1908, sparking an international crisis? B. a Nazi puppet regime headed by German A. Bulgaria bureaucrats B. Lithuania C. the Vichy government under Henri Petain C. Bosnia and Herzegovina D. there was no effective government of the ‘Free D. Georgia Zone’ due to widespread protests and violence against the Germans 34. Which of the following is the most significant reason for the success of the Bolsheviks in assuming control of 41. Which of the following regions was ruled by the Attalid the Russian government in 1917? Dynasty in the Hellenistic period? A. the overwhelming success of the new Russian A. Pergamum military strategy in B. Bithynia B. their significant role in the deposition of the tsar C. Pontus and execution of the royal family D. Cappadocia C. strategic alliances with other European nations, particularly 42. The so-called ‘Thermidorian Reaction’ was targeted at D. the inability of the Russian Provisional which of the following French leaders in 1794? Government to address the basic needs of the A. Louis XVI Russian people B. Maximilien Robespierre C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau 35. Longships were used by which of the following D. Jean-Paul Marat cultures during the Middle Ages in Europe? A. the Greeks B. the Italians C. the D. the Irish 43. All of these were significant occupations for women in 50. Which English king’s January 1066 death led to the the except which of the following? succession crisis that resulted in William the Conqueror’s A. spinning and weaving invasion? B. brewing beer and ale A. C. midwifery B. Canute the Great D. copying manuscripts in scriptoria C. Aethelred the Unready D. Alfred the Great 44. Which of the following best describes the Continental System enacted by ? 51. Which of the following was the main cause of the A. a trade embargo on Great Britain by France and Social War, fought between 91-88 BCE during the late French allies and dependents in Europe Roman Republic? B. a systematic naval quarantine of British overseas A. Roman subjugation of slaves throughout the colonies Republic C. an attempt to open up new French colonies in B. Rome’s refusal to grant citizenship to allied Italian Africa as a source of raw materials and conscripts cities D. the invasion plan for the French conquest of C. a conflict between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great D. Sulla’s attempt to defeat Marius and restore order 45. Which of the following was true of the Corn Laws in in Rome the early nineteenth century in Great Britain? A. profits from land ownership greatly decreased 52. The pamphlet What is the Third Estate? argued which B. Landowners and nobles generally opposed the of the following? Corn Laws A. that the king should reassert absolute power and C. The Irish Famine caused Robert Peel’s solve the problems of France government to strengthen the Corn Laws B. that the financial reforms of Jacques Necker were D. the tariffs forced grain prices higher, creating a much too burdensome on the nobility and the burden on the lower classes clergy C. that the common people should have legitimate 46. Which of these most accurately describes a typical representation in the Estates General and that the sixteenth century Western European family? Third Estate was far more important than the A. middle class, educated, urban dwellers clergy and nobility B. a traditional nuclear family with parents and D. that the Tennis Court Oath should be abandoned children C. a large, multi-generational family unit with 53. Nicholas I was able to strengthen his rule in Russia in extended relations often living under one roof 1825 due to what action? D. a single-parent family with children due to a high A. signing of a treaty of alliance with England divorce rate B. the suppression of the C. the execution of his older brother Constantine 47. Which of the following families dominated the Holy D. the annexation of Poland-Lithuania Roman Empire from the fifteenth to the mid-eighteenth century? 54. Which conflict over the appointment local church A. Romanov officials began as a dispute between Pope Gregory VII B. Hapsburg and Emperor Henry IV in 1076? C. Tudor A. Investiture controversy D. Bourbon B. the Reformation C. the Donation of Constantine 48. Which of the following names the exchange of crops, D. the Bishop’s War livestock and diseases between the Old World and the New World during the era of colonization? 55. Which of the following took place during the Fourth A. triangle trade Crusade? B. mercantilism A. the capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders C. Columbian exchange B. the sack of by the Crusaders D. biological warfare C. the establishment of the Crusader states D. the capture of Acre by Saladin 49. Which of these was the most immediate cause of Martin Luther drafting the Ninety-five Theses? 56. Which of these was the capital of the Western Roman A. the abuses of the Spanish Inquisition Empire during the fifth century CE? B. the sale of indulgences as a means of reducing A. Rome punishment for sins B. Milan C. persecutions of Jews in Western Europe by C. Ravenna Christians D. Turin D. the prohibition on translation of the Bible into vernacular 57. Which of the following leaders was the primary 65. Which of the following was agreed to by the Allies at organizer of the Congress of in 1814-15? the Yalta Conference in 1945? A. Klemens von Metternich A. to immediately shift the focus of the war to B. Wilhelm von Humboldt defeating the Japanese Empire C. Pedro Gomez Labrador B. to delay free elections in Poland until twenty-five D. William Cathcart years after the war C. to divide Germany into zones of occupation at the 58. All of the following allied with or assisted Greece in conclusion of the war their war for independence in the early nineteenth century D. to completely forego German war reparations in EXCEPT which of the following? any form A. Great Britain B. Russia 66. Which of the following groups are considered by C. the Ottoman Empire historians to be the best examples of ‘enlightened D. France despots’? A. George IV, Louis XIV, Peter III 59. Vladimir the Great and were rulers B. Frederick the Great, Catherine the Great, Joseph of what federation in Eastern Europe in the Late Middle II Ages? C. Maria Theresa, George II, Peter the Great A. Hungary D. Paul I, Francis I, Leopold I B. Kievan Rus’ C. Great Moravia 67. Which of the following triggered the end of the Fourth D. the Visigoths Republic in France? A. the financial crisis of the Great Depression 60. An 1830 performance of the opera La Muette de B. the sudden death of Charles de Gaulle Portici was a key event in the independence movement of C. the Algerian independence movement what European nation? D. the end of World War II A. Serbia B. 68. Which of the following communist nations, led by Josip C. Greece Tito, broke with the Soviet Union in the late 1940s? D. Poland A. Poland B. Hungary 61. The ‘Crisis of the Third Century’ ended with which of C. Yugoslavia the following? D. Czechoslovakia A. the assassination of the co-emperors Pupienus and Balbinus by the Praetorian Guard 69. In the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev, the B. the imposition of the ‘Pax Romana’ after years of policy of perestroika was aimed at which of the following? civil war A. decreasing the size and cost of the Soviet military C. the beginning of the reign of Marcus Aurelius B. ending the Soviet space program, especially the D. Diocletian’s consolidation of power after 284 and Buran space shuttle reassertion of imperial authority C. instituting a new program of espionage against traditional rivals, including the United States and 62. A defeat in which of the following wars caused a sharp Great Britain drop in prestige and power for ? D. a restructuring of the Soviet command economy A. the Seven Years’ War under strict guidelines B. the Nine Years' War C. the Great Northern War 70. The NATO bombings of Yugoslavia in 1999 was D. the Thirty Years’ War undertaken in reaction to which of the following? A. the violation of the Dayton Accords by the Serbs 63. The revolutions during the 1848 ‘Spring of Nations’ B. an attack on UN peacekeepers by a Bosnian resulted in all of these EXCEPT which of the following? guerilla force A. the overthrow of the Russian tsar C. the escape of several prisoners from the B. the end of the Sonderbund War and International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia establishment of Switzerland as a federal state D. the ongoing conflict in Kosovo and Yugoslav C. the end of absolute monarchy in rejection of a NATO peacekeeping force in the D. the abolition of serfdom in Austria region

64. James Watt is credited with which of the following 71. Childeric I and Clovis I were rulers of what Frankish industrial inventions? dynasty? A. the steam engine A. Carolingians B. the spinning frame B. Salians C. the cotton gin C. Merovingians D. interchangeable parts D. Ostragoths

72. Austria gained all of the following in the Treaty of 80. Which of these reforms did Joseph II undertake in the Karlowitz in 1699 EXCEPT which of the following? Holy Roman Empire? A. Hungary A. abolishing serfdom B. Istanbul B. establishing havens for heretical sects C. Croatia C. universal suffrage for all males D. Transylvania D. abolition of taxation

73. The ‘Rose Revolution’ resulted in the deposition of 81. Attila and Bleda led which of the following nomadic President Eduard Shevardnadze in which of the following groups in the fifth century CE? countries in 2003? A. Gauls A. Russia B. Celts B. Georgia C. Picts C. Estonia D. Huns D. 82. Mary Wollstonecraft wrote which of the following 74. Which of the following is the current Prime Minister of influential late-eighteenth century works? the United Kingdom? A. The Social Contract A. David Cameron B. The Spirit of the Laws B. Tony Blair C. Vindication of the Rights of Women C. Gordon Brown D. Leviathan D. Theresa May 83. Which of the following was NOT a major war fought by 75. Felipe VI is the reigning monarch of which European France during the reign of Louis XIV? nation? A. the Nine Years’ War A. Morocco B. the War of the Spanish Succession B. Portugal C. the Franco-Dutch War C. Spain D. the War of the Austrian Succession D. Liechtenstein 84. The Sforza family ruled which of the following Italian 76. The so-called ‘Sinatra Doctrine’ was a Soviet reversal cities during the fifteenth century? of what earlier policy in the late 1980s? A. Venice A. the Khrushchev Doctrine B. Milan B. the Warsaw Pact C. Pisa C. the Brezhnev Doctrine D. Florence D. the Eisenhower Doctrine 85. The term ‘muladi’ was used in medieval Al-Andalus to 77. Which of the following was the purpose of Charles VI refer to which of the following? seeking the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713? A. Jews who sought refuge in Al-Andalus after being A. to divide his lands between his children equally to expelled from other areas of Europe ensure peace in Austria B. Native Spaniards who lived in Al-Andalus and B. to approve a war with France converted to Islam C. to ensure the succession of his daughter, Maria C. who left Al-Andalus and converted to Theresa D. to end a long-running dispute with the Pope over D. Muslim women who married Christian Spaniards investitures 86. Charles V ruled all of these in the sixteenth century 78. All of these gained territory in the partitions of Poland EXCEPT which of the following? in the late eighteenth century EXCEPT which of the A. the Spanish Empire following? B. France A. the C. the Holy Roman Empire B. France D. Burgundy C. Prussia D. Austria 87. Notre Dame de Paris, Cologne Cathedral, the Duomo in Florence, and Reims Cathedral are among many 79. ‘Divine right’ is best defined by which of the following? constructed in what medieval architectural style? A. Monarchs derived their power and authority from A. Gothic B. Romanesque B. Only the Church could grant royal authority C. Greek Revival C. Monarchs not crowned by clergy, particularly the D. Palladian Pope, were not truly legitimate D. The people were entitled certain unalienable rights derived from God

88. Which of the following was primarily responsible for 95. What leader hailed the Munich Conference as bringing spurring the Portuguese age of exploration in the fifteenth about ‘peace in our time’? century? A. Joseph Kennedy A. Duarte the Philosopher B. Franklin Roosevelt B. John of Gaunt C. Neville Chamberlain C. Alfonso V D. Joseph Stalin D. Henry the Navigator 96. A set of attempted reforms by Alexander Dubcek in 89. In the late sixteenth century, Michael the Brave briefly 1968 brought about which of the following? united the principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia, and A. the Hungarian uprising Transylvania, all of which are united today as what B. the movement modern-day nation? C. the ‘Prague Spring’ A. Bulgaria D. the construction of the Berlin Wall B. Slovenia C. Romania 97. Which of the following Soviet leaders began a D. Croatia campaign of de-Stalinization with the ‘Secret Speech’ in 1956? 90. Which of these is NOT true of mercantilism? A. Gregory Malenkov A. it called for very low tariffs B. Nikita Khrushchev B. it advocated the establishment of overseas C. Leonid Brezhnev colonies D. Lazar Kaganovich C. it was the dominant economic model for advanced European countries from the sixteenth to the 98. An agreement on which of the following commodities eighteenth century formed the basis for what became the European D. it sought a positive balance of trade Economic Community? A. rice, corn and grain crops 91. In which of these modern-day countries did many of B. uranium the Anglo-Saxons settle in the fifth century CE? C. coal and steel A. France D. automobiles B. Great Britain C. Hungary 99. Peasants made up approximately what percentage of D. Spain the sixteenth century European population? A. 15% to 20% 92. The Malleus Maleficarum was a fifteenth-century B. 35% to 40% treatise on which of the following subjects? C. 85% to 90% A. the Catholic sacraments D. 95% to 99% B. C. sailing and navigation 100. Which of the following rulers, who would become D. alchemy Holy Roman Emperor in 962, defeated the Hungarians at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955? 93. Which of the following was queen consort of both A. Otto the Great France and England in the twelfth century CE? B. Louis the Pious A. Eleanor of Aquitaine C. Frederick Barbarossa B. Isabella of Castile D. Sigismund C. Maria Theresa D. Joanna the Mad

94. The Calvinist doctrine of predestination is best described by which of the following? A. only baptized Catholics could attain heaven B. God has chosen the ultimate fate of each human prior to their death C. anyone could attain salvation through confession of sins prior to death D. free will was meaningless and humans on earth could do anything they wanted on earth without consequence