NORDEFCO ANNUAL REPORT 2016 “Promoting Security Through Cooperation”

NORDEFCO ANNUAL REPORT 2016 “Promoting security through cooperation”

NORDEFCO ANNUAL REPORT 2016

“Promoting security through cooperation”

1 The Danish Minister of Defence Claus Hjort Frederiksen

2 FOREWORD

When Denmark assumed the chairman- These are some of the main achieve- ship of the Nordic Defence Cooperation ments during this year’s work and a (NORDEFCO) in January 2016 it was with great example of how concrete results are an ambitious agenda. During the past achieved when we apply political will and year, the Nordic countries have demon- common sense. strated the ability and intention to enhance and further deepen Nordic cooperation. The state of Nordic defence cooperation The goal throughout has been to find joint is strong and the Nordic countries conti- solutions to shared problems. nue to intensify our practical and political cooperation over a wide range of issues. In November 2016, Denmark, Finland, This is to a large extent made possible by Iceland, Norway and Sweden signed the the fundamental and shared values and “Easy Access” agreement enabling our interests on defence and security issues countries’ armed forces to gain easier that the Nordic countries enjoy. The future access to each other’s air, land and sea will require us to intensify cooperation in territories in peacetime. The agreement both the practical, political and opera- addresses the shared need to increase our tional domain. Strengthening the Nordic ability to move and operate effectively and Defence Cooperation will not only benefit rapidly in our region – and with fewer re- the Nordic region, but also promote sta- sources. Furthermore, we have continued bility and inspiration beyond our borders. the work on an arrangement enabling the Nordic countries to share radar data 2016 was a very productive and fruitful in the Nordic region in order to enhance year for Nordic cooperation. When the situational awareness. This work will be leaders from the Nordic countries met developed further in 2017. with the American president in April 2016 it was a clear demonstration of the signifi- The Nordic countries have also set an cance of Nordic cooperation. The summit example to be followed with regards to reaffirmed the pledge for a deep and ensuring long term contributions to the sustainable commitment on key internati- UN. The rotational arrangement of a onal issues related to security and defence tactical air transport capability to the UN in a challenging security environment. mission in Mali will ensure this capability to the mission until the end of 2018. As the Danish Minister of Defence, the The arrangement also shows that Nordic NORDEFCO achievements in 2016 have defence cooperation is open for countries left me proud and optimistic on behalf outside the Nordic region, in this case of our Nordic defence cooperation, and Belgium and Portugal. I look forward to the coming year under Finnish leadership. At the same time, the Nordic-Baltic cooperation has been deepened, both within the framework of NORDEFCO and bilaterally. We have developed guidelines on how we engage and develop concrete areas of cooperation in a Nordic-Baltic context and are actively engaged in projects in Geor- Danish Minister of Defence gia and Ukraine, supporting defence capa- Claus Hjort Frederiksen city building efforts in the defence sector. 3 Iceland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway sign the Easy Access Memorandum of Understanding on 9 November 2016. Photo: Danish Ministry of Defence

4 NEW NORDEFCO INITIATIVES 2016

√√ Easy Access Declaration ▪▪ Signed by Nordic Defence Ministers at the ministerial meeting in Copenhagen in November 2016

√√ Follow-up on regional security challenges ▪▪ Nordic defence ministers and policy directors have discussed regional security challenges in the Baltic Sea area, the North Atlantic and the High North. Future discussions and information sharing on regional security challenges will take place in existing formats and can be facilitated by the new secure communication system between the Nordic countries.

√√ Explore possibilities for Nordic contributions to international military missions

▪▪ In June 2016, a Letter of Intent to contribute with a tactical air transport capability on a rotational basis to the United Nations mission MINUSMA in Mali was signed by Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Belgium and Portugal.

√√ Continue Nordic support to the Eastern Africa Standby Force (EASF)

▪▪ Nordic Defence Ministers agreed to continue support to the EASF at the ministerial meeting in November 2016 with an emphasis on ensuring local ownership.

5 ONGOING NORDEFCO ACTION PLANS AND PROJECTS

√√ Implement the Secure Communications System in the first half 2016 and explore opportunities to extend the secure communications to the Baltic countries

▪▪ The Secure Communications System was implemented in June 2016.

√√ Continue to develop cooperation on Air Surveillance (NORECAS) ▪▪ At the defence ministerial on 9 November 2016, ministers decided to continue work on the NORECAS agreement and that NATO should be consulted on the agreement. The work will be continued under Finnish Chairmanship in 2017.

√√ Develop work on Alternate Landing Base exploring the possibility to extend to armed aircraft and include Iceland.

▪▪ Denmark, Norway and Sweden have agreed to allow unarmed military aircraft to access each other’s air bases. Finland and Iceland are expected to sign the agreement in near future, after which the possibility to extend the agreement to armed aircraft will be explored.

6 √√ Continue to develop the concept of a possible Northern Flag Exercise with the precondition of the US support and contribution

▪▪ Ministers agreed at the defence ministerial on 9 November to approve the plan to develop the Norwegian Arctic Challenge Exercise into a flag level exercise on a step-by-step basis.

√√ Continue to exchange experiences and best practices, and develop cooperation within international operations

▪▪ At meetings between ministers and policy directors, current and potential international operations were discussed with a focus on the exchange of experiences and best practices.

√√ Follow-up to the Nordic-Baltic Declaration concerning areas of enhanced cooperation between the Nordic and the Baltic countries

▪▪ The Military Coordination Committee has developed guidelines on how we engage and develop concrete areas of cooperation in a Nordic-Baltic context. Furthermore, a declaration concerning the Nordic-Baltic Assistance Programme (NBAP) was signed in September and will ensure continued Nordic-Baltic cooperation on defence capacity building in third countries.

7 MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2016

The Danish chairmanship set out a double security situation in the Nordic region with aim for the work in 2016: the launch of a special focus on the Baltic region, the number of new initiatives, and to ensure North Atlantic and the High North. These continued progress on ongoing projects discussions have taken place at diffe- from previous NORDEFCO chairmanships. rent levels, including between the Nordic Furthermore, a number of supportive Defence Ministers. Nordic initiatives have been undertaken, e.g. potentials for capacity building, inclu- In 2016 it was also identified that there ding areas where resources can be saved was a need for establishing a process to through joint procurement, etc. ensure a more efficient transfer of tasks and projects between the chairing coun- In addition to concrete activities and pro- tries. jects, the Danish chairmanship facilitated a constructive and open dialogue on the

Nordic flags at Frederiksberg Palace during the meeting of Nordic Chiefs of Defence on 1 February 2016.

8 On 3 March 2016, the policy directors of the Nordic Defence Cooperation (NORDEFCO) met at Frederiksberg Palace in Copenhagen with the director of the Secretariat of Eastern Africa Standby Force (EASF), Ambassador Chanfi Issimail.

On 1 February 2016, the Chiefs of Defence of the Nordic Defence Cooperation met at Frederiksberg Palace in Copenhagen.

9 Areas of Nordic defence cooperation in the near region

Policy and Operations we engage and develop concrete areas A key priority under the Danish chairman- of cooperation in a Nordic-Baltic context. ship was to explore the possibility of flexi- Furthermore, a declaration concerning ble military access at sea, land and in the the Nordic-Baltic Assistance Programme air, to each other’s territories via the Easy (NBAP) was signed in September and will Access Agreement. The agreement was ensure continued Nordic-Baltic coop- signed by Denmark, Norway, Sweden, eration on defence capacity building in Finland and Iceland at the Defence third countries. Minister’s Meeting in Copenhagen on 9 November 2016 and allows for the Nor- dic countries to navigate in each other’s Capabilities territories at sea, land and in the air with The Nordic countries have drafted an military capabilities in peacetime with as agreement on secure communica- few administrative procedures as possible. tions, which allows the Nordic countries to communicate through secured In 2016, the Nordic countries further communication lines (on telephone, explored options for enhancing infor- video telephone conference or computer) mation sharing through the Nordic directly between the defence authorities Enhanced Cooperation on Air Surveillance and between ministries. The system was (NORECAS) specifically by sharing radar implemented in June 2016. Iceland is not data in the Nordic region. The main currently part of the secure communicati- purpose of which is to enhance the ons system, but is expected to implement situational awareness in the Nordic region. the system when possible. This will further qualify the Nordic countries’ assessment of developments in the During 2016, Denmark, Sweden and security environment. The further work Norway entered the Alternate Landing on the NORECAS project will be continued Base agreement, which allows unarmed under the Finnish Chairmanship in 2017. military aircraft to land on each other’s air bases, for instance in case of poor The NORDEFCO principle of non-exclusivi- weather conditions. Finland and Iceland ty makes it possible for countries to enter are expected to sign the agreement in into an agreement at a later point in time. near future, after which the possibility to On this basis, Iceland chose to enter the extend the agreement to armed aircraft agreement on Cross Border Training in will be explored. 2016 on par with the other Nordic countries. This increases options for exercise and joint training among the Nordic coun- Armament tries and several non-member countries. In 2016, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland signed a technical agreement, the By the end of 2015, Nordic Defence Mi- Nordic Combat Uniform, establishing nisters agreed to launch initiatives to joint purchase of uniforms. Collaboration facilitate practical cooperation with the in this area is expected to increase the three Baltic States in a number of areas. quality at the existing price. In 2016, the Military Coordination Com- mittee has developed guidelines on how

10 Areas of Nordic defence cooperation on international engagements

Policy and Operations A central priority for the Danish NORDEF- During 2016, the Nordic-Baltic defence CO chairmanship in 2016 was to establish capacity building cooperation continued. a rotational system to ensure Nordic con- The Nordic-Baltic Assistance Programme tributions to the United Nations sustained (NBAP) currently includes projects in over time. In June 2016, the UN Ambas- Georgia and Ukraine, where the Nordic and sadors from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Baltic countries are supporting defence Belgium and Portugal signed a Letter of capacity building efforts in the defence Intent to make available a tactical air sector. Furthermore, the Nordic and Baltic transport capability through a Nordic countries signed a declaration regarding rotational programme for the UN NBAP in September 2016 which aims to mission MINUSMA in Mali. The system of ensure continued cooperation regarding rotation is now applicable for the period defence capacity building in third coun- 2016 to the end of 2018. The personnel tries. will be accommodated in the Norwegian “Camp Bifrost” in Bamako, where Norway has committed to maintain and admini- Capabilities ster the camp during the entire rotational In 2016, the Danish NORDEFCO chair- period. manship worked on a framework for an agreement on Nordic Tactical Air Transport In addition, the Nordic countries have (NORTAT). This can be used in relation continued the support to the Eastern to the transportation of troops and equip- Africa Standby Force (EASF) in 2016. ment with the aim of saving costs and In the spring of 2016, Denmark invited ensuring the optimum utilization of trans- the management of EASF as well as the port capacity in areas with joint operations Nordic countries to Copenhagen to discuss or missions. The NORTAT agreement was EASF’s continued development and Nordic signed by Air Chiefs in November 2016. cooperation with EASF and a Nordic visit to the region was carried out in May 2016. Based on the discussion with EASF, input from the Nordic military advisors in Nairo- bi and the visit, a report with recommen- dations for future Nordic support to EASF was presented at the Nordic Defence Minister’s meeting in November 2016. The Nordic countries decided at this meeting to continue to support EASF while focu- sing on stronger local ownership.

11 Progress report from the military cooperation area CAPABILITIES (COPA CAPA)

Cooperation Area Capabilities (COPA ▪▪ Nordic Enhanced Cooperation on Air CAPA) addresses the Nordic countries’ Surveillance (NORECAS) development plans and processes with ▪▪ Nordic Cooperation on Tactical Air the aim of identifying areas for co- Transport (NORTAT) operation. Based on common needs, ▪▪ Cyber Defence COPA CAPA identifies the possibilities of reducing total costs and promoting opera- ▪▪ Open Skies tional effectiveness. ▪▪ Computer Training Network (CTN) ▪▪ Virtual Battle Space (VBSX) COPA CAPA conducts an annual screening of national study and development plans, ▪▪ Ground-Based Air Defence (GBAD) with the aim of finding new potential are- ▪▪ Radio Spectrum as for cooperation. ▪▪ C3IS in the Arctic region ▪▪ Joint Operational Naval Capabilities Ongoing COPA CAPA Projects: (Support ships and coastal jaegers) ▪▪ Unmanning of systems (Distributed Autonomous Force Components)

Photo: Danish Defence

12 2016 has brought an intense array of One of the newer studies initiated in activities for COPA CAPA. The work within 2015 that has developed significantly is the NORECAS project has continued. The the Unmanning of systems study, aimed NORECAS Memorandum of Understanding at depicting current developments in has been drafted and staffed at military unmanned technology with a focus on level and is currently being staffed at poli- autonomous systems on land, sea and tical level and a draft Technical Agreement air. A comprehensive study of mature has been produced at military working systems and possible solutions in all fields group level. has been conducted and a final study report will be presented by the end Major steps were also been taken within of 2016, pointing out a number of re- the area of air transport cooperation. commendations for joint Nordic projects. Negotiations on a Technical Agreement for NORTAT have been finalised. The Air The work in COPA CAPA is progressing Chiefs of Denmark, Finland and Norway well. There is good cooperation on COPA signed the agreement in November 2016 CAPA level and an open approach to after which it became operational. Follo- voicing specific needs and discussing the wing the signature by Sweden, the agre- full range of developments. ement will be formalized, with a Steering Committee as the overseeing body and a lead nation on a two year rotation.

Tactical Air Transport C-130J Hercules aircraft. Photo: Danish Defence

13 Progress report from the military cooperation area ARMAMENTS (COPA ARMA)

Cooperation Area Armaments (COPA nisations, such as Defence Headquarters, ARMA) in more practical terms aims Logistics Organisations, Defence Mini- to achieve financial, technical and/or stries, Services, etc.: industrial benefits for all the member countries within the field of acquisition ▪▪ CBRN protective Masks (CBRN PM) and life cycle support. This is primarily ▪▪ Dismounted Arms and Ammunition achieved through the screening process (DAA) in which nations, by transparent and Diving Systems (DS) mutual exchange of information on plan- ▪▪ ned national procurement, identify and ▪▪ Geospatial Systems (GEO) exploit possibilities for common develop- ▪▪ Hazardous and Environmental Mate- ment programs, procurement and main- rials (HAZMAT) tenance of existing and emerging capabi- ▪▪ NATO Codification (NATO CODE) lities. ▪▪ SAP (SAP) COPA ARMA is mandated to initiate, ▪▪ Systematic Sitaware (SITAWARE) administrate and close working groups ▪▪ Soldier Protection, Equipment and in any area that is deemed beneficial for Clothing (SPEC) Nordic armaments cooperation. Currently 11 working groups are operating with ▪▪ Tactical Data Link (TDL) experts from all Nordic countries’ line orga- ▪▪ Unitized Group Rations (UGR)

Purchase of uniforms. Photo: Danish Defence

14 This year, nations have offered a total of In addition, four possible cooperation are- 76 inputs/projects to the screening pro- as are expected to be handled in existing cess. A number of these inputs were not COPA ARMA working groups: mature enough for Nordic cooperation at this stage and will be moved to next year’s ▪▪ Soldier equipment & clothing (SPEC) process, and others turned out to be not ▪▪ Soldier digitalization (SPEC) suitable for cooperation. In addition, some inputs were transferred to non-ARMA ▪▪ Assault rifles and submachine guns (DAA) cooperation, and others could be handled in existing working groups. Hence, the ▪▪ Small arms’ ammunition (DAA) inputs resulted in six new possible cooperation areas that were sent to the national The COPA ARMA screening process has line organizations (capability managers) proven to be a valuable tool to facilitate for further national staffing: armaments cooperation and produce tangible results. The inherit possibilities ▪▪ Maritime missile decoy systems and benefits that lie within Nordic arma- ▪▪ Artillery – benchmarking ments cooperation can be further explored. ▪▪ Night vision equipment ▪▪ CV90 upgrade/procurement – benchmarking ▪▪ MCM vessels upgrade – benchmarking ▪▪ 84 mm ammunition

Photo: Danish Defence

15 Progress report from the military cooperation area HUMAN RESOURCES AND EDUCATION (COPA HRE)

The purpose of the Cooperation Area During the year 2016 COPA HRE had Human Resources and Education (COPA eight active co-operation projects under HRE) is to probe, explore and recognize its auspices. Several of these have alrea- possible common Nordic activities in the dy been implemented and transferred to field of HR&E to gain operational - bene the line organization, but the COPA HR&E fits and optimized resources and to avoid Management Group still actively monitors duplication and to achieve cost savings in and gives guidance when needed. the long term. Ongoing COPA HRE Projects: COPA HRE also works as a hub to coordinate and facilitate platforms for experts ▪▪ Veterans of different areas to meet regularly and to ▪▪ Diversity and Equality exchange information and best practices in certain fields of expertise, e.g. Advan- ▪▪ Personnel Safety ced Distributed Learning (ADL), Veteran ▪▪ SOF medical training and education issues, Diversity and Equality, and Foreign ▪▪ Advanced Distributed Learning Languages. ▪▪ Foreign Languages Common Nordic basics in education at ▪▪ Professional Military Education all levels shall lay a firm foundation for ▪▪ Centres of Competence (CBRN, Log/ further cooperation in everyday work, Camp building, Winter Education, work in multinational environment and Medical Education/training) operations.

Centrally placed officers from the National Guard of Mali participate in a Human Resources seminar. Photo: Danish Defence

16 During the reporting year the Personnel Arrangement between all participating safety project has been successfully institutions was agreed on and final implemented to the line organization preparations are being made for the and first actual course was held at the signature process to begin. First courses Finish Defence Forces International Centre have been offered and bi-lateral coopera- (FINCENT) this October. The Technical tion has taken place with high hopes of Arrangement was signed and the future expanding the work in the future. products of the project include an ADL- course and safety manual. The COPA HRE work is assessed to be on track. The main focus during the past Advanced distributed learning, veteran year has been on getting the new projects issues, diversity and foreign languages such as Professional Military Education continued to function as platforms for ex- and Centres of Competence up and run- perts in the respective fields of expertise. ning and in getting a deeper insight on the Annual conferences are being arranged implemented activities such as ADL and and exchange of information continues on Foreign languages. a regular basis. In the course of 2016 the COPA HRE The Professional Military Education has pointed to the value of cross-COPA project is almost ready to be implemented dialogue in order to pursue common to the line organisation. The Technical objectives between the COPAs.

Photo: Danish Defence

17 Progress report from the military cooperation area TRAINING AND EXERCISES (COPA TEX)

Cooperation Area Training and Exercises Ongoing COPA TEX activities: (COPA TEX) is envisaged to achieve better training for the same resources or to ▪▪ High Intensity Air Combat Exercise achieve the same level of training for fewer resources. In 2016, the COPA TEX The aim is to further develop the Arctic has supported the Military Coordination Challenge Exercise over the coming Committee’s action plan and addressed years on a step-by-step basis to a flag cooperation areas where NORDEFCO level exercise. Substantial involvement of engagement could yield effect. the US in a possible Northern Flag exercise is a precondition.

Photo: Danish Defence

18 ▪▪ Combined Joint Nordic Baltic Exer- ▪▪ Unmanned Aerial Systems cise Program The aim is to assess possibilities for bene- The aim is to formalize the transfer from ficial cooperation within Unmanned Aerial a NORDEFCO project to the line organisa- Systems (UAS) regarding training, cour- tion. COPA TEX tasked the working group ses, acquisition and operations, with the to form a standard operating procedure aim of formalizing cooperation in a SOP or (SOP) to be signed at the appropriate Technical Agreement (TA). military level. The program has been running in the line organisation for many Overall, the cooperation within the Trai- years and is a practical example of how ning and Exercise domain in the Nordic Nordic defence cooperation can be pursu- countries is mature, and the experience ed and developed in a practical way. The is that the line organisations cooperate development of the SOP is finalized and is naturally, both bottom-up and laterally, in currently being circulated for signing. the entire range of activities.

Photo: Danish Defence

19 Progress report from the military cooperation area OPERATIONS (COPA OPS)

Cooperation Area Operations (COPA OPS) COPA OPS is able to initiate among the shall, based on common Nordic political member states the prudent military decisions, coordinate and prepare force planning, however, it requires political contributions, deployment/redeployment acceptance in every single case. There- and logistics support to operations. COPA fore, COPA OPS will initiate required OPS shall continue to maintain the Nordic activities through the respective countries’ network, keep a tight dialogue in order to military line organizations. These include create the basis for common contributions planning, coordination and preparation of leading to operational gains and/or cost- force contributions, subsequent deploy- efficient solutions. COPA OPS should, as a ments and redeployments, and logistic prerequisite to the objectives above, func- support to operations. tion as a think-tank for Nordic Defence cooperation related to operations and exchange best practices.

Cooperation on exercises with EASF in Eastern Africa. Photo: Danish Defence

20 Ongoing COPA OPS activities: Nordic rotational arrangements could be developed into other relevant areas. ▪▪ NORDEFCO secure Communications A special focus was to be placed on the and Information System (CIS) possibility of establishing smaller Mobile Training/Advisory Teams. Establishment of the Nordic system for secure communication, NORDEFCO The COPA OPS studied the issue and secure CIS, was the highlight of 2016. The assessed that a Nordic rotational Special NORDEFCO secure CIS enables strategic Forces concept, a utility helicopter unit or communication between the NORDEFCO in-theatre training of UN troops are countries at the Ministry of Defence and potential and functional areas that could Defence Command levels. The system be researched further. was technically operational between four countries in June 2016 and is now actively The COPA OPS is a convenient way to used. find common solutions to the challenges in the operations abroad. The different political goals can be seen as a limitation, ▪▪ Nordic UN contributions but there is a possibility to find ways and means to cooperate among the Nordic The COPA OPS was tasked to look into countries. Rarely the solutions to coope- the possibilities for the establishment and rate will involve all nations, but COPA OPS deployment of Nordic contributions to UN allows the countries to share their ideas peace missions, in order to accommo- and challenges in a closed forum in order date UN capability gaps with a focus on to find possible solutions. The COPA OPS MINUSMA (United Nations Multidimen- also acts as a think tank to create new sional Integrated Stabilization Mission in ways to cooperate in operations. The new Mali). It followed from this task that the solution for exchange of classified infor- COPA OPS should look into how a Nordic mation, NORDEFCO secure CIS, enables rotation on an air transport capability to Nordic operational planners for the first MINUSMA (and other missions) can be time to communicate in real time. sustained over time and examine whether

Photo: Danish Defence

21 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK STATUS

The Communications Network – a com- In addition, the Communications Network bined political and military–strategic level has in 2016 focused on: group of Nordic public affairs officers – is part a of the NORDEFCO structure besides ▪▪ Conducting various analysis of the the Cooperation Areas. use of nordefco.org (user survey and statistical analysis). According to the Military Coordination ▪▪ Developing the NORDEFCO web Committee’s Action Plan 2016-2019 the strategy (will continue into 2017). Communications Network tasks include ▪▪ Examining ways to support the use conducting the annual Nordic COMMS of social media. plan and updating and developing the NORDEFCO website (www.nordefco.org). ▪▪ Introducing an internal Newsletter giving an overview of communication During 2016 a number of articles cove- activities. ring bilateral and multilateral agreements, exercises, and political and military meetings within the Nordic Defence Coop- eration have been published on nordefco. org and on national platforms (web pages, social media and internal magazines). External media have also shown interest in NORDEFCO issues.

The NORDEFCO website (www.nordefco.org)

22 NORDEFCO MEETINGS IN 2016

Date Meeting Place

11-12 January Coordination Staff meeting Copenhagen

1-2 February CHOD-MCC meeting Copenhagen

17-18 February PSC Secretariat meeting Copenhagen

3-4 March 2016 PSC meeting Copenhagen

30-31 March 2016 Ministerial Copenhagen

13-14 April Coordination Staff meeting Helsinki

26 August CHOD-NAD meeting Copenhagen

29-30 August Coordination Staff meeting Oslo

14-15 September MCC-3B meeting Copenhagen

15-16 September PSC Secretariat meeting Copenhagen

29-30 September PSC meeting Keflavik

24-25 October Coordination Staff meeting Stockholm Ministerial (NORDEFCO, NB8 and 9 November Northern Group) Copenhagen

Footnotes: MCC: Military Committee, CHOD: Chief of Defence, PSC: Political Directors, 3B: Baltic States, NB8: Nordic-Baltic cooperation, NAD: National Armament Directors. Meetings of the different NORDEFCO COPAs (military cooperation areas) and VTCs (video teleconference) at various levels are not displayed in the overview.

Northern Group meeting at Frederiksberg Palace, Copenhagen on 9 November 2016. Photo: Danish Ministry of Defence 23 THE NORDEFCO STRUCTURE

Ministers of Defence

Policy Steering Committee (PSC)

PSC Secretariat

Military Coodination Chief of Committe (MCC) Defence (CHOD) Coordination Staff

Capabilities Armaments HR and Training and Operations Education Exercises

Danish Ministry of Defence Holmens Kanal 42 Phone: 72 81 00 00 Mail: [email protected] 1060 København K Fax: 72 81 03 00 Web: www.fmn.dk