Foreword The overall goal for the Danish Armed Forces c ontinues to b e the preservation of Denmark as a sovereign nation. Defence policy of t oday i s, however, not only a q ue- stion of d efending national territor ies. Modern defence policy has to r eflect a num- ber of d ifferent c onsiderations. International engagement is central to a s uccessful handling of t he security pro- blems and challenges o f the future. Danish security and defence policy is therefore very much characterised and influenced by d evelopments on t he international scene – and Denmark is extensively engaged in both international military crisis manage- ment operations and civil emergency missions all over the world. Today, t he fight against terrorism is one of t he main challenges for the Danish Armed Forces. With the Danish Defence Agreement agreed in 2004 c overing the years 2005-2009, Denmark is doubling its ambition with regards to t he number of D anish troops that can be c ontinuously deployed. The ambition is by 2 009 to b e able to m aintain deployed approximately 2 ,000 t roops or f or s horter periods be a ble to d eploy lar- ger force levels. When this number is compared to t he size of t he Danish popula- tion (5.3 million), Denmark is among one of t he leading countries in the world when it comes t o participation in international operations. Another important aspect of the Defence Agreement is, that a broad majority of t he Danish Parliament is behind the agreement. This gives an optimal foundation for the future development of t he Danish Armed Forces. In this booklet you will find a general introduction to t he Danish Armed Forces w ith a focus on o ur engagements in international activities. I hope t hat you will find the booklet interesting and informative, and that after reading it, you will have a good understanding of w hat are the priorities for the Danish Armed Forces. Søren Gade Minister of D efence, Denmark Photo: Christian Alsing. Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives 3 4 Photo: Royal Danish Air Force Photo S ervice. Danish Armed Fo rc es :I nt er na tio nal Pe rs pe ct Photo: Danish Armed Forces. iv es Danish Armed Forces: International Perspectives Armed Forces as aForeign Policy Instrument.............................. 6 Achanging World-Armed Forces in change ................................8 Danish ParticipationinInternational MilitaryCrisis ManagementOperations .......10 TheInternational Capacity of the Danish Emergency ManagementAgency ........13 Total Defence....................................................16 Cooperationbetween Militaryand Civilian Efforts..........................17 TheUnited Nations ...............................................18 Danish Policy in NATO ..............................................19 EuropeanSecurity and DefencePolicy (ESDP) .............................21 TheOrganisationfor Security and Co-operationinEurope(OSCE) ..............22 International Security Cooperation.....................................23 Equipmentand Acquisition..........................................25 TheDanish Army2004 .............................................29 TheDanish Navy.................................................30 TheDanish AirForce ...............................................32 TheDanish HomeGuard............................................33 TheDanish Emergency ManagementAgency .............................34 TheIntelligenceService’sSupport forInternational Operations ................36 TheDanish AdministrationofNavigationand Hydrography...................37 TheDanish DefenceBudget. .........................................38 Do youwanttoknow more?.........................................40 Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives 5 Armed Forces as aForeign Policy Instrument The Danish Armed Forces is an important instrument in ensuring peace a nd security both in Denmark and interna- tionally. The current s ecurity policy situation is characterised by t he lack of a c onventional threat to t he Danish territory i n the foreseeable future. Thus, there is no longer a need for the traditional territorial defence which has been mounted to counteract such a threat. The terrorist attacks of 1 1September 2001 and subsequent terrorist attacks in Europe and other places d emonstrate that the security policy challenges and risks confronting Denmark and other nations have significantly changed. New asymmetric and unpredictable threats, such as inter- national t errorism and the spreading of w eapons of m ass destruction and their means of d elivery, h ave entered the scene. The threats do not have to o riginate f rom Denmark’s geo- graphical proximity, but may constitute a r isk to D enmark, our allies and our common values, even if they mani- fest t hemselves further away. A ccordingly, t he priority of security policy should be a imed at p ossessing the capabi- lity to c ounter the threats where they emerge, regardless of whether this is within or beyond Denmark’s borders. Therefore, Danish Armed Forces - t ogether with other nati- onal institutions - focus on s trengthening the total defence of D enmark and its population and on e nsuring Denmark’s capability to p articipate i n international operations. e. Did you know that? tr Cen NATO i s the cornerstone of D anish security poli- cy, but OSCE and increasingly EU are also relevant Media forums for Danish security policy. The overall fra- and mework for Danish security is based upon the United V Nations. T es rc Fo Armed Danish : to Pho 6 Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives 7 Achanging World-Armed Forces in change There is a tradition in Denmark for long-term defence agreements. This means that the budget is agreed upon f or a p eriod of u p to 5 y ears. The defence agreements are normally supported by a b ro- ad majority in the Parliament which give the agreements a degree of r obustness in case of c hanging governments. The newest d efence agreement was agreed on 1 0 June 2004 a nd covers the years 2005-2009. Overall the development of D anish security policy requires t hat the Armed Forces s trengthen their capabilities in two central areas: • Internationally deployable military capabilities • Total Defence, including the ability to c ounter terrorist acts and perform consequence management. The ambition for the Armed Forces i s to m obilise and deploy forces p romptly and flexibly in interna- tional operations and to maintain deployedcapacitiesequaling up to 2,000 personnel (1,500 from the Army and 500 from t he Navy and Air Force). The conscription has been reorganised and targeted on T otal Defence. At t he same time, it will form the basis of r ecruitment into t he Armed Forces a nd contribute t o anchoring the Armed Forces i n the Danish society. The personnel composition is to b e continuously adapted. The Armed Forces’ full-time equivalents are to b e reduced from a pproximately 2 9,000 ( 6,500 o f which are full-time conscript e quivalents) at t he end of 2 004 t o approximately 2 6,400 f ull-time equivalents (2,450 of w hich will be f ull-time conscript e quivalents) by t he end of 2 009. The personnel composition, etc., will be i ndicated in the annual appropriation act. Reserve personnel will continue to b e of g reat s ignificance for the Armed Forces i n relation to i nter- national missions as well as to t he training of m ilitary units and Total Defence. A separate political agreement was entered into b y all political parties in the Folketing on 2 1June e. vic 2002 for emergency management. This four-year agreement outlines the development of t he area, Ser specifying focus, aims and concrete projects. e ar lf We and n tio rma fo In e nc fe De en, asmuss R A. r Pe I r ce fi Of t an rr Wa : 8 Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives to Pho Danish Armed Forces:International Perspectives 9 Danish Participation in International MilitaryCrisis Management Operations The Danish constitution requires a pproval of t he Danish Parliament (Folketinget) before D anish for- ces are deployed to i nternational operations where the use of f orce i s an option to a ccomplish the mission. Deployment of t he Armed Forces t o international military operations continues to b e one of t he prin- cipal tasks of D anish Defence Policy. United Nations Danish soldiers have been involved in large-scale peacekeeping operations for the United Nations on a n umber of o ccasions. During the decades after World War II Denmark had larger contingents of personnel in Congo, Gaza, and Cyprus. After the collapse of Yugoslavia, Danish forces w ere involved in the United Nations peacekeeping operations in both Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. A significant symbol of t he Danish participa- tion in Bosnia-Herzegovina was the presence of L eopard tanks, which were the heaviest w eapon of UNPROFOR ground troops. Under the auspices o f the United Nations Stand-by High Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) Denmark also deployed in 2000/2001 a peacekeeping force to E thiopia and Eritrea a fter hostilities between the two countries ceased. Since 1948 Denmark has had observers in more t han 20 U nited Nations observer missions. The obser- ver missions are characterized by b eing carried out by n ormally unarmed military personnel whose primary tasks are typically to o bserve and oversee cease-fire agreements. NATO o perations After the Dayton p eace a greement was reached, Denmark contributed with contingents to t he NATO Implementation Force (IFOR) – later the Stabilisation Force (SFOR) – in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The new force had a more r obust mandate t han its United Nations predecessor. Denmark is also contributing a significant number of f orces to t he NATO f orce i n Kosovo (KFOR). The force was deployed in 1999 after NATO a ircrafts – including Danish F-16 fighters – c arried out a 72 day air campaign against the Former Republic of Y ugoslavia. Did you know that? • Since the end of W orld War II Denmark has contributed with more t han 50,000 soldiers, sailors and airmen to international operations under the auspices of t he U nited Nations, NATO a nd c oalitions of t he w illing.