Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull 74: 23–32 (2017)

DEEP-SEA FISHES COLLECTED FROM THE ANDAMAN SEA BY R/V CHAKRATONG TONGYAI DURING 1996–2000. PART 1: ORDER SCORPAENIFORMES

Toshio Kawai1*, Fumihito Tashiro2, Hisashi Imamura1,3 and Charatsee Aungtonya4

1Fisheries Science Center, The Hokkaido University Museum, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 2Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nagahama, Maizuru, Kyoto 625-0086, Japan 3Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan 4Phuket Marine Biological Center, P.O. Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand *Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Forty-four fish specimens of Scorpaeniformes were collected by R/V Chakratong Tongyai from the deep-sea waters of the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean during 1996–2000 under the Biodiversity Project on the Andaman Sea Shelf. These 44 specimens were identified as five scorpaenids Plectrogium nanum Gilbert, 1905, Setarches guentheri Johnson, 1862, Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894), Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899 and Phenacoscorpius longilineatus Motomura, Causse and Struthers, 2012, and four peristediids, Scalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1898), Satyrichthys milleri Kawai, 2013, Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) and Peristedion riversandersoni (Alcock, 1894). The present study represents the first records ofPlectrogium nanum, Ectreposebastes imus, Phenacoscorpius longilineatus and Peristedion riversandersoni from the Andaman Sea.

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

From 1996–2000 deep-sea expeditions were All specimens were caught from deep-sea conducted by R/V Chakratong Tongyai, off southern waters of the Andaman Sea by BIOSHELF. Those Thailand, in the Andaman Sea, in the eastern Indian specimens have been preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol Ocean under the Biodiversity Project of the Andaman after fixation in 10% formalin. These specimens Sea Shelf (BIOSHELF). This project was supported have been deposited in the Reference Collection of by the Scientific Cooperation Program between Phuket Marine Biological Center, Phuket, Thailand Thailand and Denmark (see Aungtonya et al., 2000). (PMBC). Comparative specimens examined in this More than 1,000 deep-sea (more than 200 m depth) study have also been deposited in the Natural History fish specimens were collected by this expedition, Museum, London, UK (BMNH), PMBC, and Zoological and those specimens were identified to the orders Survey of India, Kolkata, India (ZSI). Chimaeriformes, Squaliformes, Torpediniformes, Counts and proportional measurements follow Rajiformes, Albuliformes, Anguilliformes, Eschmeyer (1965) for Plectrogenium, Setarches Argentiniformes, Stomiiformes, Ateleopodiformes, and Ectreposebastes, Motomura et al. (2012a) for Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Lampriformes, Phenacoscorpius, and Kawai et al. (2004) for Gadiformes, Ophidiiformes, Lophiiformes, Steph- Peristediidae. Standard length is abbreviated as anoberyciformes, Beryciformes, Zeiformes, Scor- SL. Measurements were made to the nearest 0.1 mm paeniformes, Perciformes, Pleuronectiformes and with digital calipers. Tetraodontiformes (sensu Nelson, 2006). As a part of comprehensive species list of deep-sea fishes collected by this expedition, we report in this paper on fishes of the order Scorpaeniformes. 24

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SPECIES LIST Material: PMBC 27970, 1 specimen, 58.1 mm SL, St. L6, 6°45'N 98°06'E to 6°44'N 98°05'E, Family Scorpaenidae 303–313 m depth, 23 Feb. 2000. Plectrogenium nanum Gilbert, 1905 Fig. 1 Distribution: Hawaii, southern Japan, East China Sea, southern Taiwan, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Diagnosis: 12 dorsal-fin spines; 6–7 dorsal-fin soft Kermadec Islands and Madagascar (e.g., Mandrytsa, rays; 3 anal-fin spines; 5 anal-fin soft rays; 20–24 1992; Nakabo and Kai, 2013) and Andaman Sea pectoral-fin rays, body depth (24.5–28.0 % SL); (present study). and single large black spot on region of dorsal-fin soft rays (Mandrytsa, 1992; Nakabo and Kai, 2013; Remarks: This species was unknown from the present study). eastern Indian Ocean. Therefore, this report is the first record of the species from the Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Figure 1. Plectrogenium nanum, PMBC 27970, 58.1 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Setarches guentheri Johnson, 1862 277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000; PMBC 27948, 1 Fig. 2 specimen, 138.4 mm SL, St. Z5, 7°38'N 96°57'E, 713 m depth, 24 Jan. 1999. Diagnosis: 3 anal-fin spines; anteriormost preorbital spine relatively developed, as long as posterior Distribution: Tropical and temperate waters in the two; second preopercular spine subequal to or Indian Ocean (including Andaman Sea), western longer than first and third; and interorbital width and central Pacific, and eastern and western Atlantic 7–9 % SL (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; present (e.g., Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Nakabo and study). Kai, 2013; Poss, 2016; present study).

Materials: PMBC 27947, 1 specimen, 124.9 mm SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E, 25

Deep-sea fishes collected from the Andaman Sea

Figure 2. Setarches guentheri, PMBC 27947, 124.9 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Setarches longimanus (Alcock, 1894) Distribution: Tropical and temperate waters in Fig. 3 the western Pacific, Andaman Sea and Arabian Sea (e.g., Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Nakabo and Diagnosis: 3 anal-fin spines; anteriormost preorbital Kai, 2013; present study). spine relatively developed, as long as posterior two; second preopercular spine reduced or absent, Remarks: The present specimens of this species much shorter than first or third; and interorbital have a slightly narrower interorbital distance, width 8–12 % SL (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; width 8–9 % SL (vs. 9–12 % SL: Eschmeyer and present study). Collette, 1966).

Materials: PMBC 27949, 1 specimen, 77.7 mm Comparative materials: Setarches longimanus. SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E, PMBC 27950, 2 specimens, 59.7–63.9 mm SL, 277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000; PMBC 27952, 1 Andaman Sea, 300–400 m depth, 8 Sep. 1980; specimen, 51.9 mm SL, St. E5, 8°30'N 97°30'E to PMBC 27951, 1 specimen, 62.2 mm SL, Andaman 8°30'N 97°31'E, 225–228 m depth, 8 Feb. 2000. Sea, 300 m depth, 8 Sep. 1980.

Figure 3. Setarches longimanus, PMBC 27949, 77.7 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm. 26

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull

Ectreposebastes imus Garman, 1899 Distribution: Hawaii, Japan, eastern Taiwan, Timor Fig. 4 Sea, Indian coast of Sumatra, Saya de Malha Bank, Mozambique, Atlantic coast of western and middle Diagnosis: 12 dorsal-fin spines; 3 anal-fin spines; Africa, New England, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean 8–10 predorsal scales; 55–63 scale rows in a Sea, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador and Peru (e.g., longitudinal series; anteriormost preorbital spine Mandrytsa, 1990; Imamura, 2009; Nakabo and greatly reduced, much shorter than posterior two; Kai, 2013) and Andaman Sea (present study). and uniformly blackish body (Eschmeyer and Collette, 1966; Mandrytsa, 1990; present study). Remarks: This species had never been reported from the Andaman Sea. Therefore, this report is the Materials: PMBC 27953, 1 specimen, 108.9 mm first record of this species from this location. SL, St. J8, 7°21'N 97°26'E to 7°20'N 97°25'E, 520–531 m depth, 27 Jan. 1999; PMBC 27954, 1 specimen, 78.2 mm SL, St. E9, 8°30'N 95°58'E to 8°28'N 95°58'E, 649–550 m depth, 5 Feb. 1999.

Figure 4. Ectreposebastes imus, PMBC 27953, 108.9 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Phenacoscorpius longilineatus Motomura, Causse peduncle; and body usually uniformly whitish and Struthers, 2012 without distinct dark saddles in preserved specimens Fig. 5 (Motomura et al., 2012b; present study).

Diagnosis: 16–18 pectoral-fin rays; 8–12 pored Materials: PMBC 27955, 1 specimen, 89.0 mm lateral line scales, last pored scale situated from SL, St. K6, 7°02'N 98°10'E to 7°04'N 98°09'E, below second to fifth dorsal-fin spine base; 50–52 277–288 m depth, 1 Mar. 2000. scale rows in longitudinal series; 18–22 gill rakers; palatine teeth present; nuchal and parietal spines Distribution: New Caledonia and New Zealand present; 4–7 suborbital spines; post-nuchal-spine (Motomura et al., 2012b) and Andaman Sea (present length, 5.0–9.7 % SL; caudal fin length, 21.4–26.7 % study). SL; 0–5 black spots on posterior half of caudal 27

Deep-sea fishes collected from the Andaman Sea

Remarks: The present specimen of this species This species had never been recorded from the has 22 gill rakers and lacks clear black spots on the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this report is the first posterior half of the caudal peduncle (vs. having record of the species from this location. 18–21 gill rakers and 1–5 black spots: Motomura et al., 2012b).

Figure 5. Phenacoscorpius longilineatus, PMBC 27955, 89.0 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Family Peristediidae 97°32'E, 490–479 m depth, 18 Feb. 2000; PMBC Scalicus investigatoris (Alcock, 1898) 27959, 6 specimens, 113.2–152.7 mm SL, St. E8, Fig. 6 8°32'N 96°04'E to 8°31'N 96°07'E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC 27960, 1 specimen, Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin 138.6 mm SL, St. C10, 8°59'N 96°08'E to 8°56'N of head smooth; posterior pairs of lower lateral 96°08'E, 691–684 m depth, 4 Feb. 2000. rows of bony plates separated from each other; barbels on lower jaw not branched except for Distribution: South China Sea, Andaman Sea and posterior lip and chin barbels; 20–23 dorsal-fin Indian coast of South Africa (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, soft rays; 20–22 anal-fin soft rays; equilateral- 1982, 1986; Richards, 2000; present study). triangular rostral projections; and antrose spines absent on upper lateral bony plates of caudal Remarks: Although this species had been known peduncle (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, 1982, 1986; as having 20–22 dorsal-fin and 21 anal-fin soft rays Kawai, 2008; present study). (Alcock, 1898; Heemstra, 1982, 1986), the present specimens have 20–23 and 20–22 soft rays respectively. Materials: PMBC 27956, 6 specimens, 110.4– 156.8 mm SL, St. E8, 8°32'N 96°04'E to 8°31'N Comparative materials: Three syntypes of S. 96°07'E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC investigatoris. BMNH 1898.7.13.2, 82.0 mm SL; 27957, 7 specimens, 96.9–134.0 mm SL, St. J8, ZSI 13037, 131 mm SL; ZSI 13038, 74.1 mm SL, 7°21'N 97°26'E to 7°20'N 97°25'E, 520–531 m Andaman Sea, 344–402 m depth. depth, 27 Jan. 1999; PMBC 27958, 1 specimen, 78.7 mm SL, St. J8, 7°15'N 97°30'E to 7°15'N 28

Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull

Figure 6. Scalicus investigatoris, PMBC 27960, 138.6 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Satyrichthys milleri Kawai, 2013 Distribution: East China Sea, Taiwan, Philippines, Fig. 7 Indonesia, Vanuatu, Fiji and Andaman Sea (Kawai, 2013; present study). Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral Satyrichthys laticeps (Schlegel, 1852) rows of bony plates separated from each other; Fig. 8 barbels on lower jaw not branched except for posteriormost lip and chin barbels; 15–17 dorsal-fin Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin soft rays; 15–17 anal-fin soft rays; equilateral- of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral triangular rostral projections; 4 (rarely 5) lip and 4 rows of bony plates separated from each other; chin barbels; and antrose spines absent on upper barbels on lower jaw not branched except for lateral bony plates of caudal peduncle (Kawai, posteriormost lip and chin barbels; 13–17 dorsal-fin 2008, 2013; present study). soft rays; 14–17 anal-fin soft rays; four (rarely three or five) lip and 2–5 chin barbels; antrose Materials: PMBC 27961, 2 specimens, 161.6– spines present on upper lateral bony plates of 191.8 mm SL, St. E8, 8°32’N 96°04’E to 8°31’N caudal peduncle; parietal bones unequal in size on 96°07’E, 488–478 m depth, 6 Feb. 1999; PMBC midline; and no dusky spots on dorsal fin (Kawai, 27962, 1 specimen, 110.5 mm SL, St. C8, 9°00’N 2008, 2013; present study). 96°15’E to 9°00’N 96°13’E, 478–480 m depth, 3 Feb. 2000. Materials: PMBC 27963, 1 specimen, 271.5 mm SL, St. unknown; PMBC 27964, 1 specimen, 272.3 mm SL, St. unknown. 29

Deep-sea fishes collected from the Andaman Sea

Distribution: Japan, Taiwan, East China Sea, South Comparative material: Satyrichthys laticeps. China Sea, Sulu Sea, Indonesia, Andaman Sea, PMBC 27965, 1 specimen, 289.6 mm SL, 7°3.6’N Sri Lanka, Maldives, Arabian Sea, Saya de Malha 98°17.3’E to 7°3.6’N 98°17.9’E, 122 m depth, 15 Bank and Indian coast of southern Africa (Kawai, Apr. 2007. 2013, 2014; present study).

Figure 7. Satyrichthys milleri, PMBC 27961, 191.8 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

Figure 8. Satyrichthys laticeps, PMBC 27964, 272.3 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm. 30

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Peristedion riversandersoni (Alcock, 1894) specimen, 123.7 mm SL, St. E7, 8°30'N 97°07'E Fig. 9 to 8°29'N 97°04'E, 435–444 m depth, 9 Feb. 2000; PMBC 27968, 1 specimen, 131.5 mm SL, St. G8, Diagnosis: Upper jaw teeth absent; lateral margin 8°00'N 97°06'E to 8°00'N 97°04'E, 508–518 m of head smooth; posterior parts of lower lateral depth, 20 Nov. 1999; PMBC 27969, 3 specimens, rows of bony plates contralaterally sutured along 135.0–136.2 mm SL, St. unknown. mid-line; 20–23 dorsal-fin soft rays; 20–22 anal-fin soft rays; anterior edge of 4th sensory pore of rostral Distribution: Japan, Taiwan, South China Sea, projection anterior to anterior edge of premaxilla; Java, Flores Sea and Sri Lanka (Richards, 2000; perifacial rim prominent starting near anterior Kawai, 2016) and Andaman Sea (present study). margin of lower jaw; and rostral projection with rounded margin on medial side at base (Kawai, Remarks: This species had never been reported 2008, 2016; present study). from the Andaman Sea. Therefore, this report is the first record of this species from this locality. Materials: PMBC 27966, 1 specimen, 129.4 mm SL, St. J8, 7°15'N 97°30'E to 7°15'N 97°32'E, 490–479 m depth, 18 Feb. 2000; PMBC 27967, 1

Figure 9. Peristedion riversandersoni, PMBC 27967, 123.7 mm SL. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS for providing opportunities to examine syntypes of Scalicus investigatoris. This study was partially We sincerely thank Somkiat Khokiattiwong supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion (PMBC Director), Somchai Bussarawit (Marine and of Science) KAKENHI Grant Number 16K07472 Coastal Resources Research and Development and JSPS Core-to-Core Program–Research and Institute, Thailand) and the staff of the Reference Education Network on Southeast Asian Coastal Collection of PMBC for their help with our Ecosystems, funded to the third author (HI). research at PMBC. We are grateful to James Maclaine (BMNH) and Krishnamoorthy Venkataraman (ZSI) 31

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Manuscript received: 25 October 2016 Accepted: 1 December 2016