sign in sign up
<<
Home , Argentiniformes, Aulopiformes, Dorsal fin, Esociformes, Gadiformes, Jellynose fish

Superorder

• Taxonomically problematic group • 4 orders: ~12 families, 94 genera, 366 – Disjunct global distribution – Highly modified primitive

Pike and pickerel and

Superorder Protacanthopterygii, – and marine

• Formerly part of (smelt), now thought to be to all Protacanthopterygii

• No spines, adipose , light organs

• Barrel eyes (Opisthoproctidae) have transparent dome:

1 Superorder Protacanthopterygii,

• 10 species, 4 genera, 2 families • toothless • Posterior dorsal and anal • No adipose fin • No pyloric caeca • Two families – – mud minnows – – pikes

Superorder Protacanthopterygii, Order Esociformes, Umbridae

• 5 species, 3 genera

• Reduced snout, smaller body

• limited air breathers

2 Superorder Protacanthopterygii, Order Esociformes, Family Esocidae • 5 species, 1 , 4 species in • Snout, forked caudal fin • Freshwater

• Piscivorous

Osmeriformes, Galaxiiformes – galaxids

– Coldwater southern distribution (S. Africa, S. America, Australia, New Zealand) – Commercial

– Salamanderfish – no eye muscles, moveable head, “reinvented” the

3 Superorder Protacanthopterygii, Order Salmoniformes, salmon, trout, charr and grayling

• 66 (?) species, 11 genera, 1 family () • Northern hemisphere • high commercial recreational value

Superorder Protacanthopterygii, Order Salmoniformes, salmon, trout, charr and grayling • Adipose fin • Small scales

• Parr marks on young • Some Iteroparous, some Semelparous

4 Superorder Protacanthopterygii, Order Salmoniformes, salmon, trout, charr and grayling

• Some freshwater, many anadromous – Parr develop in freshwater streams, imprint on stream “smell”

• Life history makes them amenable to farming • Dams a conservation concern, western states implement ladders • Conservation concern with farm reared populations

5 Order Osmeriformes, smelts

• 3 families, 22 genera, 88 species • Marine, freshwater and diadramous • Single soft rayed • Adipose fin usually present • Maxilla usually part of gape

Order Stomiformes, lightfish, dragonfish,

• 391 species, 53 genera, 5 families • • Many taxa with loss of fins • Many with chin barbels • Cycloid scales often lost • Premax and maxilla in gape

6 Order Ateleopodiformes, jellynose

• 12 species, 4 genera, 1 family (Ateleopdidae) • Pelvic fins reduced to single ray

• Caudal fin reduced, united with anal fin

• Bulbous snout

Teleostei •Ctenoid, cycloid or ganoid scales •Lack paired gular plate & most lack any gular plate •Branchiostegal rays present •Homocercal caudal fin •Lack in intestine

7 Order Aulopiformes, lizardfish

• 236 species, 44 genera, 15 families • Benthic and bathypelagic • All except • Many synchronous

• Spineless fins • Adipose fin

Order Myctophiformes,

• 241 species, 35 genera, 2 families • Deep sea pelagic and benthic • Large terminal mouth

• Large eyes • Photophores

8 Lampridiformes

Acanthomorpha •Hollow unsegmented spines on dorsal and anal fins •Rostal and premaxilla cartilidge and ligaments allow greater jaw protrusability

Order Lampridiformes, and oarfish

• 19 species, 12 genera, 7 families • no true spines in fins • unique upper jaw protrusion –

• deep bodied or ribbon-like

9 Order Lampridiformes, opahs and oarfish • Oarfish – Longest – over 30 feet – Only one individual observed alive, used amiiform swimming

Order Percopsiformes, trout , ,

• 3 families, 7 genera, 9 species • All freshwater • Few with adipose fin • Pirate perch (Aphredoderidae) – One species

• Cavefish () – Reduction or loss of eyes – Sensory papillae on head, body and tail

10

Acanthomorpha •Hollow unsegmented spines on dorsal and anal fins •Rostal and premaxilla cartilidge and ligaments allow greater jaw protrusability

Order Zeiformes • Dories • 6 families, 16 genera, 32 species • Marine, deep and compressed body

• Vomerine teeth, no palentine teeth

11 Order Gadiiformes

• 555 species, 75 genera, 9 families • True with 3 dorsal, 2 anal fins • marine • primarily coldwater

12