Selecting

Plants

for

Pollinators

A Regional Guide for Farmers, Land Managers, and Gardeners In the

Lower Mainland

Including The

Greater Vancouver Area,

Abbotsford, Chilliwack,

Powell River, Harrison Lake,

and parts of

and Similkameen Valley NAPPC The Lower Mainland includes: The Greater Vancouver Area Abbotsford Chilliwack Powell River Harrison Lake and parts of Similkameen Valley

Lower Mainland 7 Plants that attract pollinators in THE Lower Mainland The following chart lists plants that attract pollinators. It is not exhaustive, but provides guidance on where to start. Annuals, herbs, weeds, and cover crops provide food and shelter for pollinators, too. Common Also Botanical Name Height Flower Flower Sun Soil Pollinators a Name Colour Season host Trees and Shrubs red, sun to partial dry to Acer spp. maples 12-20m+ greenish, March - April bees X shade wet yellow Actaea rubra red baneberry 1m white April - June sun to shade moist bees, fl ies Saskatoon sun to partial moist to Amelanchier alnifolia 1-5m white April - July bees, fl ies X serviceberry shade dry Pacifi c sun to partial Arbutus menziesii 6-30m white April - May dry beetles, fl ies, bees madrone shade Hairy sun to partial dry, well Arctostaphylos columbiana 0.1-3m white April - July beetles, fl ies, bees manzanita shade drained red fruit less than sun to partial Arctostaphylos rubra white May - June wet beetles, fl ies, bees bearberry 1m shade less than dry to Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick pink April - June sun to shade bees, beetles 1m moist redstem dry to bees, fl ies, moths, Ceanothus sanguineus 1-3m white May - July sun to shade ceanothus moist butterfl ies dry to snowbrush April - bees, fl ies, moths, Ceanothus velutinus 1-1.5m white sun to shade well ceanothus August butterfl ies drained moist Pacifi c bees, beetles, fl ies, Cornus nuttallii 4-12m white April - June shade to well X dogwood butterfl ies drained western moist less than Cornus unalaschkensis cordilleran white June - August partial shade to well bees, fl ies, beetles X 1 m bunchberry drained sun to partial bees, butterfl ies, Holodiscus discolor oceanspray 1-2m white June - August moist X shade fl ies Loiseleuria procumbens alpine azalea 1m pink June - August partial shade moist bees orange sun, partial well bees, Lonicera ciliosa climbing orange May - July honeysuckle shade to shade drained hummingbirds limber yellow, sun, partial dry to bees, Lonicera dioica 1-3m May - June honeysuckle orange shade to shade moist hummingbirds twinberry yellow to April - sun, partial bees, Lonicera involucrata 1-3m moist honeysuckle red August shade to shade hummingbirds Utah white, well Lonicera utahensis 1-2m May - June shade bees, moths honeysuckle yellow drained hollyleaved partial shade Mahonia aquifolium 1-2m yellow March - May dry bees barberry to shade Cascade less than dry to Mahonia nervosa yellow March - June sun to shade bees barberry 1m moist creeping less than dry to Mahonia repens yellow April - June partial shade bees barberry 1m moist

16 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Common Also Botanical Name Height Flower Flower Sun Soil Pollinators a Name Colour Season host Pacifi c white to moist to Malus fusca 6-10m April - June sun bees, fl ies, moths X crabapple pink wet rusty pink to well Menziesia ferruginea 0.5-1.5m May - August shade bees menziesia red drained Pacifi c sun to partial moist to Physocarpus capitatus 1-2.5m white May - June bees, fl ies ninebark shade wet sun to partial well Prunus emarginata bitter cherry 1-15m white April - June bees X shade drained dry, well Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry 10-15m white April - May sun bees X drained dry to bees, butterfl ies, Prunus virginiana chokecherry 6-10m white May - July sun to shade X moist moths dry, well Cascade sun, partial drained, Rhododendron albifl orum 1-2m white June - August bees, fl ies azalea shade to shade moist to wet Rhododendron Pacifi c pink to partial shade dry to 1.5-7.5m May - July bees macrophyllum rhododendron purple to shade moist green to dry, well currants and bees, Ribes spp. various white to March - June sun to shade drained, X gooseberrys hummingbirds pink moist well mapleleaf sun to partial Ribes acerifolium 1m pink June - July drained bees currant shade to moist white- partial shade moist to Ribes bracteosum stink currant 1-3m May - June bees yellow to shade wet white to sun to partial dry to Ribes cereum wax currant 1-1.5m April - July bees pink shade moist spreading white to sun, partial well Ribes divaricatum 3m April - May bees gooseberry red shade to shade drained bees, redfl ower sun, partial dry to Ribes sanguineum 1-3m red April - June hummingbirds, X currant shade to shade moist butterfl ies sun to partial dry to Rosa acicularis prickly rose 1+m pink June - July bees, fl ies, beetles shade wet sun, partial dry to Rosa gymnocarpa dwarf rose 2m pink May - August bees shade to shade moist sun, partial dry to Rosa nutkana Nootka rose 1-3m pink May - July bees, butterfl ies X shade to shade moist sun, partial dry to Rosa woodsii Woods’ rose up to 1.5m pink May - July bees shade to shade moist less than bees, beetles, Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry white May - June sun dry 1m butterfl ies wild red sun, partial dry to bees, beetles, Rubus idaeus 1.5-2.5m white June - July raspberry shade to shade moist butterfl ies whitebark sun, partial bees, beetles, Rubus leucodermis 0.5-2 m white April - July dry raspberry shade to shade butterfl ies strawberryleaf less than partial shade well bees, beetles, Rubus pedatus white June raspberry 1m to shade drained butterfl ies western April - sun, partial Rubus ursinus 0.5-1.5m white moist bees blackberry August shade to shade

continued on page 18

Lower Mainland 17 continued from page 17 Plants that attract pollinators in THE Lower Mainland

Common Also Botanical Name Height Flower Flower Sun Soil Pollinators a Name Colour Season host sun, partial Rubus spectabilis salmonberry 1-3m pink March - June moist bees, butterfl ies shade to shade white to sun, partial moist to Salix lucida shining willow 3.5-6m March - May bees yellow shade to shade wet bees, beetles, sun to partial Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea blue elderberry 2-8m white May - July moist moths, butterfl ies, shade fl ies bees, beetles, sun, partial moist to Sambucus racemosa red elderberry 2.5-6m white March - June moths, butterfl ies, shade to shade wet fl ies pink, sun to partial bees, fl ies, Spiraea douglasii rose spirea 1-3m June - August moist purple shade butterfl ies rose sun to partial bees, fl ies, Spiraea splendens 1m pink June - August moist meadowsweet shade butterfl ies common white to sun to partial Symphoricarpos albus 0.5-1.5m May - August dry bees snowberry pink shade dry to western white to Symphoricarpos occidentalis 1+m June - August sun well bees snowberry pink drained less than white to well Vaccinium caespitosum dwarf bilberry May - July sun bees, butterfl ies X 1m pink drained highbush white to sun, partial dry to Vaccinium corymbosum 2-3m May - June bees blueberry pink shade to shade wet thinleaf white to sun, partial dry, moist, Vaccinium membranaceum up to 2m May - June bees huckleberry pink shade to shade wet velvetleaf less than white to sun, partial Vaccinium myrtilloides May - June moist bees X huckleberry 1m pink shade to shade oval-leaf white to moist to Vaccinium ovalifolium 1m May - July sun to shade bees blueberry pink wet white to red sun, partial Vaccinium parvifolium up to 6m pink to April - June moist bees, butterfl ies huckleberry shade to shade green less than white to sun, partial moist to Vaccinium uliginosum bog blueberry May - June bees, butterfl ies X 1m pink shade to shade wet Viburnum edule squashberry 0.5-2+m white May - June sun to shade moist bees, butterfl ies X well Viburnum American 2-4m white May - July partial shade drained bees, butterfl ies X opulus var. americanum cranberry bush to wet Forbs Achillea millefolium western less than white to April - sun to partial dry bees, fl ies, moths X var. occidentalis yarrow 1m pink October shade Cascade less than partial shade hummingbirds, Aquilegia formosa red May - August moist columbine 1m to shade bees, moths showy white to Asclepias speciosa 1m June -August sun moist bees, butterfl ies X milkweed pink arrowleaf bees, butterfl ies, Balsamorhiza sagittata 1m yellow May - July sun moist balsamroot fl ies

18 Selecting Plants for Pollinators Common Also Botanical Name Height Flower Flower Sun Soil Pollinators a Name Colour Season host less than blue to Delphinium bicolor little larkspur May - July sun dry bees 1m purple bees, butterfl ies, moist to Delphinium glaucum Sierra larkspur 1-2m purple July - August partial shade moths, wet hummingbirds dry to twolobe less than blue to bees, moths, Delphinium nuttallianum March - July sun well larkspur 1m purple hummingbirds drained pimpernel less than June - well Epilobium anagallidifolium pink sun bees, moth willowherb 1m September drained Chamerion angustifolium June - bees, butterfl ies, fi reweed 1-1.5m pink sun moist ssp. Angustifolium September moths dwarf less than pink to Chamerion latifolium June - August sun moist bees, moth fi reweed 1m purple dry to eastern daisy June - bees, butterfl ies, Erigeron annuus 1m white sun well fl eabane October fl ies drained less than white to well bees, butterfl ies, Erigeron compositus cutleaf daisy May - August partial shade 1m pink drained fl ies spreading less than white to April - bees, butterfl ies, Erigeron divergens partial shade moist fl eabane 1m pink October fl ies well Philadelphia less than white to bees, butterfl ies, Erigeron philadelphicus April - June partial shade drained fl eabane 1m pink fl ies to moist prairie less than white to well bees, butterfl ies, Erigeron strigosus April - May sun fl eabane 1m pink drained fl ies sulphur-fl ower less than yellow to sun to partial bees, butterfl ies, Eriogonum umbellatum June - August dry buckwheat 1m red shade fl ies common less than bees, butterfl ies, Eriophyllum lanatum woolly yellow May - August sun dry 1m fl ies sunfl ower fl at-top July - Euthamia graminifolia 1m yellow sun moist bees, beetles goldentop September Virginia less than sun to partial bees, fl ies, Fragaria virginiana white May - August dry X strawberry 1m shade butterfl ies woolly white- bees, fl ies, Geranium erianthum 1m May - July partial shade moist X geranium purple butterfl ies sticky purple less than sun, partial Geranium viscosissimum purple May - July moist bees, butterfl ies X geranium 1m shade to shade Maximilian August - dry to bees, fl ies, Helianthus maximiliani 1-3m yellow sun X sunfl ower September moist butterfl ies well less than white to Lobelia kalmii Ontario lobelia July - August sun drained bees 1m blue to moist miniature less than well Lupinus bicolor purple April - June sun bees lupine 1m drained less than white, sun to partial dry to bees, Lupinus sericeus silky lupine June - August 1m purple shade moist hummingbirds less than pink- sun to partial dry to bees, butterfl ies, Monarda fi stulosa wild bergamot May - August 2m purple shade moist humming birds woodland pink to Nothochelone nemorosa 1m June - August partial shade dry bees beardtongue purple

continued on page 20 Lower Mainland 19 continued from page 19 Plants that attract pollinators in THE Lower Mainland

Common Also Botanical Name Height Flower Flower Sun Soil Pollinators a Name Colour Season host yellow less than white to Penstemon confertus July sun dry bees penstemon 1m yellow Davidson’s less than pink to well bees, Penstemon davidsonii July-August sun penstemon 1m purple drained hummingbirds serrulate less than blue to moist to Penstemon serrulatus June - August partial shade bees penstemon 1m purple wet dry to silverleaf less than white to Phacelia hastata May - July partial shade well bees phacelia 1m purple drained less than white to well Phacelia sericea silky phacelia June - July partial shade bees 1m purple drained sticky less than well Polemonium viscosum purple July - August sun bees polemonium 1m drained blackeyed less than June - sun to partial dry to Rudbeckia hirta yellow bees, butterfl ies X Susan 1m September shade moist Canada September - sun to partial dry to bees, butterfl ies, Solidago canadensis 1-2m yellow goldenrod October shade moist moths, beetles, fl ies dry to Missouri July - bees, butterfl ies, Solidago missouriensis 1m yellow sun well goldenrod September moths, beetles, fl ies drained less than July - Symphyotrichum ascendens western aster purple sun moist bees 1m September well smooth blue August - sun to partial Symphyotrichum laeve 1m purple drained bees aster September shade to moist white panicle August - sun to partial well Symphyotrichum lanceolatum 1m white bees, fl ies aster September shade drained white to sun to partial well Trifolium wormskioldii cows clover 1m+ May - August bees purple shade drained dry to bigbract less than pink to May - Verbena bracteata sun well bees verbena 1m purple September drained Vines pink, pink partial shade dry to Lonicera hispidula 1-2m yellowish June - August hummingbirds honeysuckle to shade moist pink Shelter Plants yellow, sideoats June - sun to partial dry to Bouteloua curtipendula up to 1m orange, grama September shade moist red yellow, Canada Elymus canadensis up to 1m green, March - June sun moist wildrye brown tufted yellow, April - well Eragrostis pectinacea up to 1m sun lovegrass brown August drained yellow, less than June - Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem green, sun dry 1m December brown

20 Selecting Plants for Pollinators