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Botanischer Garten Der Universität Tübingen Botanischer Garten der Universität Tübingen 1974 – 2008 2 System FRANZ OBERWINKLER Emeritus für Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie Ehemaliger Direktor des Botanischen Gartens 2016 2016 zur Erinnerung an LEONHART FUCHS (1501-1566), 450. Todesjahr 40 Jahre Alpenpflanzen-Lehrpfad am Iseler, Oberjoch, ab 1976 20 Jahre Förderkreis Botanischer Garten der Universität Tübingen, ab 1996 für alle, die im Garten gearbeitet und nachgedacht haben 2 Inhalt Vorwort ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Baupläne und Funktionen der Blüten ......................................................................................... 9 Hierarchie der Taxa .................................................................................................................. 13 Systeme der Bedecktsamer, Magnoliophytina ......................................................................... 15 Das System von ANTOINE-LAURENT DE JUSSIEU ................................................................. 16 Das System von AUGUST EICHLER ....................................................................................... 17 Das System von ADOLF ENGLER .......................................................................................... 19 Das System von ARMEN TAKHTAJAN ................................................................................... 21 Das System nach molekularen Phylogenien ........................................................................ 22 Basale Gruppen ........................................................................................................................ 26 Amborellales ........................................................................................................................ 26 Nymphaeales, Seerosenartige Gewächse ............................................................................. 26 Austrobaileyales ................................................................................................................... 28 Schisandraceae, Spaltstaubblattgewächse ........................................................................ 28 Ceratophyllales, Hornblattartige Gewächse ......................................................................... 28 Einkeimblättrige Blütenpflanzen .............................................................................................. 29 Acorales, Kalmusartige Gewächse ....................................................................................... 30 Arales, Aronstabartige Gewächse ........................................................................................ 30 Araceae, Aronstabgewächse ............................................................................................. 30 Orontiaceae, Goldkeulengewächse .................................................................................. 31 Lemnaceae, Wasserlinsengewächse ................................................................................. 31 Alismatales, Froschlöffelartige Gewächse ........................................................................... 32 Hydrocharitaceae, Froschbißgewächse ............................................................................ 32 Butomaceae, Schwanenblumengewächse ........................................................................ 33 Alismataceae, Froschlöffelgewächse ............................................................................... 33 Juncaginaceae, Dreizackgewächse ................................................................................... 33 Potamogetonaceae, Laichkrautgewächse ......................................................................... 34 Scheuchzeriaceae, Blumenbinsengewächse ..................................................................... 34 Tofieldiaceae, Liliensimsengewächse .............................................................................. 35 Dioscoreales, Yamswurzelartige Gewächse ........................................................................ 35 Nartheciaceae, Beinbrechgewächse ................................................................................. 36 Dioscoreaceae, Yamswurzelgewächse ............................................................................. 36 Liliales, Lilienartige Gewächse ............................................................................................ 37 Melanthiaceae, Schwarzblütengewächse ......................................................................... 37 Colchicaceae, Zeitlosengewächse .................................................................................... 38 Alstroemeriaceae, Inkaliliengewächse ............................................................................. 38 Smilacaceae, Stechwindengewächse ................................................................................ 38 Liliaceae, Liliengewächse ................................................................................................ 39 Asparagales, Spargelartige Gewächse .................................................................................. 40 Iridaceae, Irisgewächse .................................................................................................... 40 Asphodelaceae, Affodillgewächse ................................................................................... 41 Hemerocallidaceae, Tagliliengewächse ........................................................................... 41 Agapanthaceae, Schmuckliliengewächse ......................................................................... 41 Alliaceae, Lauchgewächse ............................................................................................... 42 Amaryllidaceae, Narzissengewächse ............................................................................... 42 Aphyllanthaceae, Blattlosblütengewächse ....................................................................... 43 Hyacinthaceae, Hyazinthengewächse .............................................................................. 43 Anthericaceae, Grasliliengewächse .................................................................................. 44 3 Asparagaceae, Spargelgewächse ...................................................................................... 44 Ruscaceae, Mäusedorngewächse ..................................................................................... 45 Orchidales, Orchideen .......................................................................................................... 45 Commelinidae, Tradescantienartige Verwandtschaft .............................................................. 47 Typhales, Rohrkolbenartige Gewächse ................................................................................ 48 Typhaceae, Rohrkolbengewächse .................................................................................... 48 Sparganiaceae, Igelkolbengewächse ................................................................................ 48 Juncales, Binsenartige Gewächse ......................................................................................... 49 Juncaceae, Binsengewächse ............................................................................................. 49 Cyperaceae, Sauergräser .................................................................................................. 50 Poales, Süßgräser ................................................................................................................. 53 Commelinales, Tradescantienartige Gewächse .................................................................... 55 Zingiberales, Ingwerartige Gewächse .................................................................................. 56 Cannaceae, Blumenrohrgewächse .................................................................................... 56 Zweikeimblättrige Blütenpflanzen, .......................................................................................... 57 Magnoliidae, Magnolienartige Verwandtschaft ....................................................................... 58 Magnoliales, Magnolienartige Gewächse ............................................................................ 59 Laurales, Lorbeerbaumartige Gewächse .............................................................................. 60 Lauraceae, Lorbeergewächse ........................................................................................... 60 Calycanthaceae, Gewürzstrauchgewächse ....................................................................... 61 Aristolochiales, Osterluzeiartige Gewächse ......................................................................... 61 Piperales, Pfefferartige Gewächse ........................................................................................ 62 Saururaceae, Molchschwanzgewächse ............................................................................. 62 Ranunculales, Hahnenfußartige Gewächse .......................................................................... 63 Berberidaceae, Berberitzengewächse ............................................................................... 63 Nandinaceae ..................................................................................................................... 64 Ranunculaceae, Hahnenfußgewächse .............................................................................. 64 Papaveraceae, Mohngewächse ........................................................................................
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