Special Edition of the Brazilian Bilingual Book

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SPECIAL EDITION OF THE BRAZILIAN BILINGUAL BOOK CLUB OF THE EMBASSY OF BRAZIL IN LONDON & THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM BRAZIL WEEK 23RD MARCH 2017 - STYLES ROOM (334) ARTS BUILDING, EDGBASTON CAMPUS, UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM Courtney Campbell, Lecturer in Latin American History, University of Birmingham & Nadia Kerecuk, Creator & Convenor of the Brazilian Bilingual Book Club, Embassy of Brazil in London

HIS EXCELLENCY EDUARDO DOS SANTOS, AMBASSADOR OF BRAZIL to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in his keynote speech at the first Brazil Week of the University of Birmingham – 21st March 2017 referred to the special edition of this book club:

‘Within the Brazil Week, the University of Birmingham will hold a special edition of the Brazilian Bilingual Book Club, discussing ‘Os Sertões’ (Rebellion in the Backlands), the famous book by Euclides da Cunha. This is a marvellous book, which will certainly leave its mark on those of you who choose to read it.’

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The post, which follows is based on the 18th June 2015 Meeting of the Brazilian Bilingual Book Club – Year One & can be downloaded free of charge. If using the content in any publication, please, be reminded to acknowledge the copyrights of ©Nadia Kerecuk (Creator & Convenor) & ©The Brazilian Bilingual Book Club of the Embassy of Brazil in London.

Further details about the book club available at: http://londres.itamaraty.gov.br/en-us/book_club.xml

http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/events/brazil-week/brazil-book-club.aspx

OS SERTÕES: CAMPANHA DE CANUDOS (1902) EUCLIDES DA CUNHA (1866 –1909)

1st edition (1902) published by Laemmert & Cia.

A seminal book for Brazil with timeless universal value.

An asymmetric war against a royalist conspiracy?

A divisive mystic hooked on the myth of an ancient Portuguese king helping to defeat antichristian Republicans (mis)leading his community to a fatal solution? Or a deluded prophet? Perhaps Antônio Conselheiro is a messianic even saintly idealist of Brazilian sertões?

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A ‘consortium of arts and sciences’ … ‘future writers will necessarily be polygraphs’

Disregard forewords by publishers or translators and their preconceptions – simply immerse yourself in the intellectually stimulating Euclidean text!

Did you know? Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa (1936- ) had been reading Euclides da Cunha’s Os Sertões : Campanha de Canudos’s with the purpose of creating a film script and, then, decided to write La guerra del fin del mundo (The War of the end of the world) in 1981, a canny literary anthropophagy …. the author was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2010. Various authors have been inspired by or have been borrowing from Euclides da Cunha’s 1902 masterpiece.

Details of publications: PORTUGUESE OS SERTÕES: CAMPANHA DE CANUDOS (1902) & various editions to date (e.g. ISBN-10:1499561687 & ISBN-13: 978-1499561685) Free downloads: http://www.dominiopublico.gov.br/pesquisa/DetalheObraForm.do?select_ac tion=&co_obra=2163 file:///C:/Users/nadia.kerecuk/Downloads/004518_COMPLETO%20(1).pdf {1905, third revised edition] http://www.psb40.org.br/bib/b171.pdf Audiobook: https://librivox.org/os-sertoes-by-euclides-da-cunha/ ENGLISH (i) REBELLION IN THE BACKLANDS translated by Samuel Putnam – University of Chicago Press; Reissue edition (1957) also available as Kindle (ASIN: B001B3C3NW) (ii) BACKLANDS: THE CANUDOS CAMPAIGN – Penguin Classics (2010) translated by Elizabeth Lowe (a new translation based on S. Putman’s)(ISBN 978-0-14-310607-4)

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(iii) First part only with parallel text (English and Portuguese) – LAND: THE WILDERNESS –(2014) translated by Timothy Plant. (ASIN: B00NX83N14) See Abe Books: https://www.abebooks.co.uk/book-search/title/rebellion-in- the-backlands-os-sertoes/author/euclides-da-cunha/ SHORT HISTORY OF THE BOOK AND TRANSLATIONS

1985 – revised/critical edition Euclides da Cunha accompanied the army on their fourth expedition to Canudos, a hamlet in the north-east of the state of Bahia, in 1896–97, as a war correspondent for the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo. Antônio Vicente Mendes Maciel, a peripatetic preacher, who adopted Antônio Conselheiro (‘the Counsellor’) as his name and led a community that he had declared as an ‘empire’.

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In 37 reports that Euclides da Cunha wrote appearing under the heading ‘Diário de uma Expedição (Diary of an Expedition - March-October 1897)’, he offered a detailed account of the campaign stating that the government troops would defeat the Counsellor’s followers. President Prudente de Morais (1841-1898) appointed him as the chief of staff of the War Minister, Marshall Carlos Machado de Bittencourt (1840-1897). He also became a corresponding member of the São Paulo Historical and Geographical Institute because of his superb ability to record geographical, geological, climatic, botanical, ethnographic and other features of the region. As he accompanied all of the troop movements, he undertook historical, anthropological and social research on both Canudos and the environs as well as on the Counsellor, sending eyewitness reports directly from the front.

Cover of ‘Caderneta de Campo’ http://objdigital.bn.br/acervo_digital/div_obrasgerais/drg1283650.pdf

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A keen scientific and social observer, as an engineer and scientist, he records a myriad of features on regional and popular idiomatic expressions, climate change, makes drawings of the towns and local mountains and copies from the diaries of the soldiers, records of local oral poetry and contemporary apocalyptic prophecies, which he later incorporated in his Os Sertões. Euclides da Cunha fell ill with a temperature while he was reporting the war and had to leave Canudos. Also, he gradually became deeply disappointed with how events unfolded with hundreds of helpless injured people on the battleground. Four months later, when he recovered, he set out to write Os sertões.

News of the victory at Canudos and about Antônio Conselheiro

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Os sertões was published sometime in October 1902 (attested by E. da Cunha’s correspondence) although many book histories mention December 1902, a run of 1200 copies was set out in the contract with the publisher in which the author agreed to make a financial contribution (1,500 contos) towards the publication, but no adequate records exist of how many were actually printed. There are accounts that the half of the first edition became sold out in 8 days and completely sold out in two months – defying his publisher’s forecast that it would not sell. There were three editions from 1902 to 1904 and some researchers claim that six thousand volumes were sold in the three editions. The book caused great surprise because not only did it describe the Canudos campaign, but it was also a singular and truly original Brazilian epic – written from the standpoint of a shrewd polymath, able to refute cherished tenets of both in science and humanities.

A great perfectionist, Euclides revised the first edition to remove misprints even using his penknife to remove wrongly placed diacritics or punctuation on many evenings just before the publication. The rights for Os sertões were sold to the publishing house Laemmert; its first illustrated edition by Laemmert & Cia, 1902 (632 pages) was subsequently revised again. There have been many editions of this book. The 1905 edition became the official authorized edition, as attested by the Francisco Alves Publishers files (heirs of the Laemmert publishing house). The author chose to set his masterpiece in three parts – the first A terra (The Land), the second O homem (The Man) and the final section is a dramatic account of A luta (The Battle) of Canudos. It is interesting to record that in 1904, Laemmert published an early selection of critical reviews (no name of compiler) in the book entitled Juizos criticos: Os sertões : Campanha de Canudos (102 pages) offering insights into the impact that 1902 Os sertões : Campanha de Canudos had created hailing it as a Brazilian universal masterpiece.

The newspaper O Estado de São Paulo offers digital images and details of the reports and notes that Euclides da Cunha made as their correspondent available at http://infograficos.estadao.com.br/especiais/euclides/.

Translations of Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos: appeared relatively early: the first translation was into Spanish in 1938 followed by English (title lost in translation!) and Swedish in 1945, French in 1947, Danish in 1948, Italian in 1953, Dutch in 1954 and Chinese in 1959. New (re)translations have been slowly appearing since. The first translation into English, Rebellion in the Backlands, published by University of Chicago Press in 1944 by the acclaimed US author, scholar of Romance languages and translator, Samuel Putnam (1892-1950). He was the father of the philosopher Hilary Putman (1926-2016). Samuel Putman wrote an autobiographical account Paris Was Our Mistress (1947), including details of the US expat community 7

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in Paris in the 1920s and early 1930s. He is also the celebrated translator of Cervantes’ Don Quixote (1949 & spent 17 years translating it). His survey of the history of Brazilian literature Marvelous Journey published in 1948 is a first of its kind in English. He also translated Gilberto Freyre’s Master and Slaves (1956). A retranslation entitled Backlands The Canudos Campaign was published by Penguin in Penguin Classics in 2010 by Elizabeth Lowe. Elizabeth Lowe, a professor and retired founding director of the Centre for Translation Studies, University of Illinois, has specialized in literary translation. She translated various Brazilian authors: Clarice Lispector, Rubem Fonseca, Nélida Piñon, Darcy Ribeiro and Machado de Assis. Both translations have tried to create a translation for ‘sertões’, which would have been better left in its original. There is an introduction in Putnam’s translation by author Alfrânio Peixoto (1876-1947). Peixoto’s introduction can be skipped as it is rather dated. Also Putnam includes some (inaccurate but helpful) maps and good notes, which remain relevant albeit dated. Elizabeth Hardwick (1916-2007) US literary critic, novelist, and short story writer, in her review of the Putnam translation in Bartleby in Manhattan wrote: Euclides da Cunha went on the campaigns [against Conselheiro] as a journalist and what he returned with and published in 1902 is still unsurpassed in Latin American literature. Cunha is a talent as grand, spacious, entangled with knowledge, curiosity, and bafflement as the country itself. . . . On every page there is a heart of idea, speculation, dramatic observation that tells of a creative mission undertaken, the identity of the nation, and also the creation of a pure and eloquent prose style The Lowe translation by Penguin also brings an introduction by Ivan Stavans (Amherst College, Massachusetts), who has published widely in Spanish Latin American Studies. This Penguin edition regrettably could be better, it does not have maps and, strangely, the blurb on the back cover is taken from Putnam's translation for some mysterious reason. It is an epic narrative but comes under the non-fiction category in some of the promotional material.

NB. As standard, the Brazilian Bilingual Book Club recommends reading the original or translated original without reading the foreword and/or afterword as they necessarily represent one interpretation or point of view at a specific point of time and, furthermore, may have been commissioned under the influence of publishers or other interested parties reflecting their vested interests. Readers benefit most from such introductory or concluding commentaries after reading the original first, and then using them as ancillary tools towards understanding. Although the Putman translation requires more attention in reading, it continues to be a much better translation with a deeper experience of Euclides da Cunha’s original sense and tone. An article in English published the University of S. Paulo by the retired UNICAMP lecturer John Robert Schmitz compares both texts illustrating with some significant examples, which could be of interest for those who

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are interested in approaches to literary translation: http://www.revistas.usp.br/tradterm/article/viewFile/113329/111277 The Samuel Putnam’s archives, which contain photos in Brazil made by Mrs Putnam, annotations & other sources are available from http://archives.lib.siu.edu/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=2089&q=putna m

Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos was a favourite of the American poet, Robert Lowell (1917-77), who regarded it as superior to Tolstoy, although he only read it in English translation.

Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos served as the basis and inspired a significant number of works of twentieth century literature:

 In 1920, the character Antônio Conselheiro of Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos was appropriated by the Scottish politician and writer Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham (1852-1936) in his A Brazilian Mystic: Being the Life & Miracles of Antonio Conselheiro (1920 Heinemann).

 The Brazilian Modernists drew much inspiration from this work – echoes of his ideas appear in various works of the period.

 Various accounts of Canudos and Antônio Conselheiro appeared at the turn of the 20th century but none achieved the breadth and depth of Euclides da Cunha’s work.

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 The French author Lucien Marchal (1893-1960) wrote Le Mage du Sertão. Lucien Marchal. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1952, translated by Charles Duff into English as The sage of Canudos in 1954.

 His influence on Brazilian authors is very broad. Some argue that Guimarães Rosa’s Grande sertão: Veredas (1956) is a re-rewriting of Cunha’s Os Sertões.

 Brazilian writers have been producing a great variety of Sertão literature since Euclides da Cunha, creating a Sertão distinctive literary category.

 The Brazilian sociologist Gilberto Freyre (1900-87) studied Euclides da Cunha thoroughly, spoke and wrote about him, e.g. in the article – Euclides da Cunha: Revelando a realidade brasileira in Vida, forma e cor (1962) and certainly drew on Euclides da Cunha oeuvre.

 The Hungarian writer Sándor Márai (1900-1989) published Veredict in Canudos (1970) translated into Portuguese – Veredicto em Canudos, Companhia de Letras (2001) based on Euclides da Cunha’s original.

 Opera adaptation: Fernand Joutex (Eugène Maurice Fernand Jouteux , 1866 - 1956) LE SERTON: Grand opera brésilien en 4 actes sur L'Epopée de Canudos. Poeme et musique Fernand Joutex. Belo Horizonte, Imprensa Oficial de Belo Horizonte, 1953. 59 p.

 Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa (1936- ) had been reading Euclides da Cunha’s Os Sertões: Campanha de Canudos with the purpose of creating a film script and subsequently, decided to write La guerra del fin del mundo (The War of the end of the world) in 1981, a canny literary anthropophagy …. the author was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2010. Llosa’s journalist in The war of the End of the World (1981) is Euclides da Cunha himself.

In his Making Waves (1997:128, Faber and Faber), Mario Vargas Llosa, tells us: I have spent some time trying a story set in the interior of Bahia, at the time of the messianic rebellion of Antônio Counsellor – a civil war that led to the writing of one of the most hypnotic books that I have ever read, Os Sertões, Rebellion in the Backlands by Euclides da Cunha.

SHORT BIOGRAPHY

EUCLIDES DA CUNHA (1866 –1909)

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Euclides Rodrigues Pimenta da Cunha was born in Cantagalo, Rio de Janeiro on 20th January 1866 and died there on 15th August 1909. His father Manuel Rodrigues Pimenta da Cunha was from Bahia, married to Eudóxia Moreira da Cunha, used to write poetry inspired by humanitarian and social themes in the romantic milieu of Castro Alves (1847-71). Euclides da Cunha’s mother died when he was three and he would later study at Colégio Aquino and one of his teachers was the thinker Benjamin Constant (1836-1891). In 1884, he went to the Polytechnic School and then attended the Military College. In1888, he was dismissed from the military because of act of insubordination before the War Minister.

He moved to São Paulo and began to write articles at the invitation of Júlio Mesquita (1862-1927), owner of the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo. He returned to Rio de Janeiro and attended the proclamation of the Federative Republic of Brazil. His former republican colleagues of the Military College, at the initiative of Cândido de Rondon (1865-1958) asked Benjamin Constant to reinstate Euclides da Cunha in the Army where he completed the higher studies at the War College in 1890 and then worked for the railways. His life would became further complicated as his father-in- law, General Frederico Sólon de Sampaio Ribeiro (c.1839-190) was arrested by Floriano Peixoto (1839-1895) in 1893. Originally a military engineer, Cunha left the army in 1886 to become a civil engineer and, later, a journalist.

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As the Canudos conflict began, São Paulo contributed with the Paulista Battalion and Euclides was sent by O Estado de S. Paulo to report on the campaign from the theatre of war in 1897. Those reports as well as the broad survey he carried out in an exacting and objective manner became the raw material for his masterpiece.

In 1898, he moved to São José do Rio Pardo, state of São Paulo where he wrote the book at the instigation of his friend Francisco Escobar (1865-1924) continuing his work as a civil engineer. São José do Rio Pardo celebrates the memory of the author with a museum that promotes the works of the author – the Casa Euclidiana – and particularly with its famous Euclides Week every year.( http://www.casaeuclidiana.org.br/)

Casa Euclidiana In 1904, the writer and diplomat Oliveira Lima (1867-1928) introduced Euclides da Cunha to the Baron of Rio Branco (1845-1912) who appointed him to head the Alto Purus Brazilian Committee, a key initiative to demarcate the borders of Brazil for good; from 1907, he began to work for the Foreign Ministry.

His great dream was to write a major book on the Amazon – A paradise lost – title inspired by John Milton (1608-1674). He wrote various Amazonian essays based on his readings about the various extant depictions of the Amazon, which are written in the style of natural history explorers with added scientific insights. His knowledge was breath-taking – evidence of this can be found in his detailed notes on the various works published on Brazil in the 19th century by, for example, The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, between 1862 and 1888. They also contain notes on mineral resources of Brazil extracted from articles in the Brazilian Engineering and Mining Review.

His work enabled him to corroborate or refute what had been written by many explorers, scientists and other authors. For instance, Euclides da Cunha had studied William Chandless’ research on the basin and source of Purus River during the time he travelled to Purus as a member of the Joint Brazil-Peru Reconnaissance Commission on the Upper Purus River. Indeed, one could argue that Euclides da Cunha completed William Chandless’ work.

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His work on Amazonia is much more that an account of geography and borders. It foreshadows studies in environment and conservation, extractivist activities in forests, welfare of forest labourers and dwellers, climatology, population migration and its effects. Also, he is celebrated for raising awareness regarding Public Health issues at the beginning of the 20th century. His books Peru versus Bolívia and Contrastes e confrontos date back to that period.

Euclides da Cunha made a significant impact on the modernist movement in Brazil and on subsequent authors. He was elected to the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1903 and was the patron of chair number seven. In the same year, he was appointed as a member of the Brazilian Historical and Geographical Institute.

His Os Sertões inspired the French composer Fernand Jouteux (Eugène Maurice Fernand Jouteux born in Chinon, France 1866 - Tiradentes, Brazil, 1956) – to write an opera – Le serton: grand opera brésilien en 4 actes sur L’‘Épopée de Canudos’ in 1953 (performed in Belo Horizonte in 1954). See a presentation of the opera at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jee_mCCvQ80

He was part of a whole intellectual generation who thought and discussed the direction for Brazil in the first century of its independence – a contemporary of Machado de Assis (he wrote on Machado’s passing with the other notable Brazilian polymath Rui Barbosa (1849-1923) and the ‘Magic Circle’ of intellectuals who surrounded the Baron of Rio Branco, creator of the modern Foreign Service in Brazil.

In 1908, he would pursue a course in Logic and became a lecturer at the Dom Pedro II College but only gave about 20 lectures there. Tragically, his life was abbreviated because of his marital problems and wife’s affair. He had been married to Anna Emília Sólon Ribeiro da Cunha (1872-1951). A rather old style of settling scores ensued – his wife’s younger lover killed him in a duel, and there are various accounts an unforgettable crime of passion.

His scientific enquiring mind allied with an indomitable aspiration to reform and modernize Brazil would approach every single relevant idea with a view to either corroborating or refuting fallacies and biased tenets on the basis of observable evidence. For instance, in his masterpiece, Euclides da Cunha argued against the prevailing 19th-century pseudoscientific belief in the inferiority of mixed races – he argued that caboclos, Brazilians of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, needed to be fully integrated into Brazil as well as advocating the need to integrate Brazilians from all parts of Brazil in the mainstream life of the nation. This is merely one example. As he travelled and wrote his diaries, he was continually seeking an understanding and often succeeded in finding evidence which contradicted theories of various established traditional thinkers.

However, there is much, much more that Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos will continue to offer readers of the present and future generations. On 3rd December 1902, writing from Lorena, in a letter addressed to José Veríssimo (1857-1916), Euclides da Cunha reacts to the review of his work and begs to differ from José Veríssimo on the matter of technical terms, commenting that the men of letters, the true aristocrats of language, tend to despise such terms saying, …(…)..particularly, if we take into consideration a ‘consortium of arts and sciences’, under any of its guises, and the most elevated tendency of human thought. A grand wise man and a notable writer, equally notable as a chemist

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and writer of prose, Berthelot, defined a few years ago, the phenomenon on the memorable day he entered the French Academy. As one can surmise from his most rigorous deductions, the future writers will necessarily be polygraphs; and, as such, any literary work will be distinguished from strictly scientific work only in the refined synthesis without the characteristic aridness of scientific analyses and experiments. (translated NK) [ ….sobretudo se considerarmos que o consórcio da ciência e da arte, sob qualquer de seus aspectos, e a tendência mais elevada do pensamento humano. Um grande sábio e um notável escritor, igualmente notável como químico e como prosador, Berthelot, definiu, faz poucos anos, o fenômeno, no memorável d com que entrou na Academia Francesa. Segundo se colhe de suas deduções rigorosíssimas, o escritor futuro será forçosamente um polígrafo; e qualquer trabalho literário se distinguirá dos estritamente científicos, apenas, por uma síntese mais delicada, excluída apenas a aridez característica das análises e das experiência.].

This excerpt of the letter echoes much of Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos and, particularly, the closing chapters (‘Let science have the last word’). Euclides da Cunha debates a theme that remains topical to date - the interface between arts and sciences. The philosophical and aesthetic dimension of his argument regarding the use of language including technical terms remains a very current debate. Indeed, equally inspired is the poetical component in his masterpiece. In1946, Guilherme de Almeida (1890-1969) published an article on the poetics of Sertões in the newspaper Diário de S. Paulo – ‘A poesia d’Os sertões’ showing that there were numerous verse lines in the work. In 1996, Augusto de Campos (1931- ) wrote a critical analysis Transertões in which he lists and analyses about 500 heroic and Sapphic ten-syllable (decasyllable) verse lines and approximately 200 twelve-syllable verse lines (Alexandrine), which are typical of epic poems. Sound, rhythm, and plasticity accord the Euclides’ text a condensation of tonality, a musical quality, in his narrative, further evidence of his ‘arts and science consortium’ approach to writing.

The Euclides da Cunha Library is part of the collections of the Brazilian National Library, located on the fourth floor of the listed building Gustavo Capanema Palace, in Rio de Janeiro, and holds various archival materials that celebrate the author.

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Euclides da Cunha Library His main works are:

1902 – Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos 1907 – Contrastes e Confrontos 1907 – Peru versus Bolívia 1909 – ? A margem da história (posthumous) 1939 – Canudos (diário de uma expedição) (posthumous) — reprinted in 1967, as Canudos e inéditos. 1960 – O rio Purus (posthumous) 1966 – Obra completa (posthumous) 1975 – Caderneta de campo (posthumous) 1976 – Um paraíso perdido (posthumous) 1992 – Canudos e outros temas (posthumous) 1997 – Correspondência de Euclides da Cunha (posthumous) 2000 – Diário de uma expedição (posthumous)

1902 Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos. Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1902. vii + 632 p. il. Ao longo de uma estrada. O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 18 jan. 1902. Olhemos para os sertões. O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 18 e 19 mar. 1902. 1903 Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos. 2. ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1903. vii + 618 p. il. Viajando… O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 8 set. 1903. À margem de um livro. O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 6 e 7 nov. 1903. Os batedores da Inconfidência. O Estado de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 21 abr. 1903. Posse no Instituto Histórico. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, 66 (2): 288-93, 1903. 1904 A arcádia da Alemanha. O Estado de S. Paulo, 6 ago. 1904. Civilização. O Estado de S. Paulo, 10 jul. 1904. Conflito inevitável. O Estado de S. Paulo, 14 maio 1904. Contra os caucheiros. O Estado de S. Paulo, 22 maio 1904. Entre as ruínas. O Paiz, Rio de Janeiro, 15 ago. 1904. Entre o Madeira e o Javari. O Estado de S. Paulo, 29 maio 1904. Heróis e bandidos. O Paiz, Rio de Janeiro, 11, jun. 1904. O marechal de ferro. O Estado de S. Paulo, 29 jun. 1904. Um velho problema. O Estado de S. Paulo, 1o. maio 1904. Uma comédia histórica. O Estado de S. Paulo, 25 jun. 1904. Vida das estátuas. O Paiz, Rio de Janeiro, 21 jul. 1904. 1905 Os Sertões: campanha de Canudos. 3. ed. rev. Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert, 1905, vii + 618 p. il. Rio abandonado: o Purus. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, 68 (2): 337-89, 1905. Os trabalhos da Comissão Brasileira de Reconhecimento do Alto Purus [Entrevista]. Jornal do Commercio, Manaus, 29 out. 1905. 1906 Relatório da Comissão Mista Brasileiro-Peruana de Reconhecimento do Alto Purus: 1904-1905. notas do comissariado brasileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Ministério das Relações Exteriores, 1906. 76 p. mapas. Da Independência à República. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, 69 (2): 7- 71, 1906. Os nossos "autógrafos". Renascença, Rio de Janeiro, 3 (34): 276, dez. 1906. 1907 Contrastes e confrontos. Pref. José Pereira de Sampaio (Bruno). Porto: Empresa Literária e Tpográfica, 1907. 257 p. Contrastes e confrontos. 2. ed. ampliada. Estudo de Araripe Júnior. Porto: Empresa Literária e Tipográfica, 1907. 384 p. il.

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Peru 'versus' Bolívia. Rio de Janeiro: Jornal do Commercio, 1907. 201 p. il. Castro Alves e seu tempo. Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro, 3 dez. 1907. Entre os seringais. Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro, 3 (1), jan. 1906. O valor de um símbolo. O Estado de S. Paulo, 23 dez. 1907. 1908 La cuestión de limites entre Bolívia y el Peru. trad. Eliosoro Vilazón. Buenos Aires: Cia Sud-Americana de Billetes de Banco, 1908. Martín Garcia. Buenos Aires: Cori Hermanos, 1908. 113 p. Numa volta do passado. Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro, 5 (10), out. 1908. Parecer acerca dos trabalhos do Sr. Fernando A. Gorette. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, 71 (2): 540-543, 1908. A última visita. Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro, 30 set. e 1o. out. 1908. 1909 Amazônia. Revista Americana, Rio de Janeiro, 1 (2): 178-188, nov. 1909. A verdade e o erro: prova escrita do concurso de lógica do Ginásio Nacional [17 maio 1909]. Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro, 2 jun. 1909. Um atlas do Brasil: último trabalho do Dr. Euclides da Cunha. Jornal do Commercio, Rio de Janeiro, 29 ago. 1909.

Obras póstumas À margem da história. Porto: Chardron, Lello, 1909. 390 p. il. 1975 Caderneta de campo. Introd., notas e coment. por Olímpio de Souza Andrade. São Paulo, Cultrix; Brasília, INL, 1975. xxxii, 197 p. il. Canudos: diário de uma expedição. Introd. de Gilberto Freyre. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 1939. xxv, 186 p. il. Ondas. Coleção de poesias escritas por Euclides da Cunha em 1883, publicadas em 1966, na "Obra Completa de Euclides da Cunha", pela Editora Aguilar, e em volume autônomo em 2005, pela Editora Martin Claret, com prefácio de Márcio José Lauria.

Please see for a more complete list: http://www.euclidesdacunha.org.br/abl_minisites/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start6489.ht ml?UserActiveTemplate=euclidesdacunha&infoid=100&sid=50

Various film and video adaptations have been made:

 EPOPÉIA euclydeacreana. Dir. de Charlene Lima e Rodrigo Neves. São Paulo: Cultura Marcas, 2006. Color. 1 DVD.

 DESEJO. Direção de Wolf Maya (direção geral) e Denise Saraceni. Rio de Janeiro: Som Livre, 2005. 1 DVD. Mini-series 17 episodes (657 min.).

 OS SERTÕES. Direção de Cristina Fonseca. São Paulo: TV Cultura de São Paulo, 1995. 1 filme (67 min.) (Série Leituras do Brasil).

 EUCLIDES DA CUNHA. Direção de Humberto Mauro. P&B. (14 min.).

 GUERRA DE CANUDOS. Direção de Sérgio Rezende. 1 DVD (170 min.).

 Deus e o Diabo na terra do Sol. Direção de Glauber Rocha, Walter Lima Júnior. Rio de Janeiro: Copacabana Filmes, 1964. P&B. 1 fita de VHS (125 min.).

 A MATADEIRA. Dir. e roteiro por Jorge Furtado. Color. 1 filme (16 min.).

 OS SERTÕES: ano 100. Tâmis Parron. São Paulo: SPVD; CCS; USP, 2002. Color. VHS (28 min.)

2017- Celebrating the love of reading Brazilian literature The year of #lovetoreadBrazil

Some books on Euclides da Cunha:

 Daniel Piza (1970-2011), author, journalist published Amazônia de Euclides in 2010 (LeYa) based on a tour he made retracing Euclides da Cunha steps in his expeditions in the Brazilian Amazon.  (Org) Leopoldo Bernucci & Francisco Foot Hardman- Euclides da Cunha: Poesia Reunida (2009)  The Scramble for the Amazon and the Lost paradise of Euclides da Cunha (2013) by S. Hecht  There have been numerous authors who produced biographies of Euclides da Cunha, for instance: Francisco Venâncio Filho, Eloy Pontes, Leandro Tocantins, Olímpio de Souza Andrade, Sylvio Rabello, Oswaldo Galotti, Walnice Nogueira Galvão, José Carlos Barreto de Santana, Roberto Ventura, Frederic Amory (Euclides da Cunha: Uma Odisseia nos Trópicos (2009 Ateliê Editorial)

2017- Celebrating the love of reading Brazilian literature The year of #lovetoreadBrazil

Further details can be found on the following websites: http://www.academia.org.br/abl/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?sid=126 https://shrineodreams.wordpress.com/2012/07/23/good-books-rebellion-in-the- backlands-by-euclides-da-cunha/ http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2010/vargas_llosa- bio.html(mention of Llosa’s life work including the book derived from Euclides da Cunha) http://www.euclidesdacunha.org.br/abl_minisites/cgi/cgilua.exe/sys/start.htm?Use rActiveTemplate=euclidesdacunha&sid=56

Attendance is free, but booking is essential: [email protected]