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Understanding Brazil a Reader 'S Guide UNDERSTANDING BRAZIL: A READER'S GUIDE MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS Foreign Minister Ambassador Celso Amorim Secretary General Ambassador Samuel Pinheiro Guimarães ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO FOUNDATION President Ambassador Jeronimo Moscardo International Relations Research Institute Director Ambassador Carlos Henrique Cardim The Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation, instituted in 1971, is a public foundation linked to the Ministry of External Relations and has the purpose of bringing to civil society information about the international scene and about subjects on the Brazilian diplomatic agenda9 Ministry of External Relations Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo, Sala 1 70170-900 Brasília, DF Telephones: (00- 55-61) 3411 6033/6034/6847 Fax: (00-55-61) 3411 9125 Site: www9funag9gov9br Understanding Brazil: a reader's guide Brasília, 2009 Copyright ©, Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Cover credit: "Duarte Coelho traz os Primeiros Cavalos" Juca (Ovídio de Andrade Melo) 46 x 35 cm International Museum of Brazilian Naïve Art Acrylic on canvas and card - Brazil, 1990 Technical team: Eliane Miranda Paiva Maria Marta Cezar Lopes Cíntia Rejane Sousa Araújo Gonçalves Translator: Susan Casement Moreira Graphic design and layout: Juliana Orem e Maria Loureiro Printed in Brazil 2009 Understanding Brazil: a readers guide / translator, Susan Casement Moreira9 Brasília : Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 20099 68p9 Tradução de: Livros para conhecer o Brasil - 2a ed9 ISBN 978-85-7631-151-5 19 Brasil História9 I9 Moreira, Susan Casement, trad9 CDU 94(81) Publication rights reserved to Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170-900 Brasília - DF Telephones: (61) 3411 6033/6034/6847/6028 Fax: (61) 3411 9125 Site: www9funag9gov9br E-mail: funag@mre9gov9br Legal deposit in the Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (National Library) according to Law n° 109994, of 14912920049 Contents Introduction,13 Translator's note 1- History of Brazil 1500-1627, 15 Frei Vicente do Salvador 2 - Culture and Opulence of Brazil, 16 André João Antonil 3 - General History of Brazil, 17 Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen 4 - History of Brazil, 18 Heinrich Handelmann 5 - The American Illusion, 19 Eduardo Prado 6 - A Statesman of the Empire, 20 Joaquim Nabuco 7 - Rebellion in the Backlands, 21 Euclides da Cunha 8 - Latin America9 The evils of origin, 22 Manoel Bonfim 9 - Nation Brazil: Reality of Brazilian Sovereignty, 23 Manoel Bonfim 10 - Chapters in Colonial History, 24 Capistrano de Abreu 11 - National Organization, 25 Alberto Torres 12 - Meridional Populations of Brazil, 26 Oliveira Viana 13 - The Decline of the Empire, 27 Oliveira Viana 14 - The Masters and the Slaves, 28 Gilberto Freyre 15 - Roots of Brazil, 29 Sérgio Buarque de Holanda 16 - Economic History of Brazil 1500-1820, 30 Roberto Simonsen 17 - Formation of Contemporary Brazil Colony, 31 Caio Prado Jr, 18 - Anthology of Brazilian Folklore, 32 Luís da Câmara Cascudo 19 - Brazilian Culture Introduction to the study of culture in Brazil, 33 Fernando de Azevedo 20 - The Baron of Rio Branco: personal biography and political history, 34 Álvaro Lins 21 - The Geography of Hunger the Brazilian dilemma: bread or steel, 35 Josué de Castro 22 - Formation of Brazilian Literature: decisive moments, 36 Antônio Cândido 23 - The Partners of Rio Bonito a study on the peasant in São Paulo state and the transformation of his way of life, 37 Antônio Cândido 24 - Colonels, hoes and votes: the municipality and the representative regime in Brazil, 38 Victor Nunes Leal 25 - Bandeirantes and Pioneers a Parallel between two Cultures, 39 Vianna Moog 26 - Tristes Tropiques, 40 Claude Lévi-Strauss 27 - The Dutch in Brazil 1624-1654, 41 Charles Ralph Boxer 28 - The Golden Age of Brazil: growing pains of a colonial society, 42 Charles Ralph Boxer 29 - The Power Holders formation of the Brazilian political boss class, 43 Raymundo Faoro 30 - Introduction to Brazilian Cinema, 44 Alex Viany 31 - The Economic Growth of Brazil: A Survey from Colonial to Modern Times, 45 Celso Furtado 32 - Amazonia and International Greed, 46 Artur César Ferreira Reis 33 - From Import Substitution to Financial Capitalism essays on the Brazilian economy, 47 Maria da Conceição Tavares 34 - Four centuries of large estates, 48 Alberto Passos Guimarães 35 - Integration of the Negro in the Society of Classes, 49 Florestan Fernandes 36 - History of Positivism in Brazil, 50 Ivan Lins 37 - Geopolitics of Brazil, 51 Golbery do Couto e Silva 38 - Politics in Brazil 1930-1964: An Experiment in Democracy, 52 Thomas E, Skidmore 39 - The Politics of Military Rule in Brazil 1964-1985, 53 Thomas E, Skidmore 40 - Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 54 Paulo Freire 41 - Dependency and Development in Latin America, 55 Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto 42 - Cinema: Trajectory in Underdevelopment, 56 Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes 43 - Ideology of Brazilian Culture (1933-1974), 57 Carlos Guilherme Mota 44 - Political Development, 58 Helio Jaguaribe 45 - Colonial Slavery, 59 Jacob Gorender 46 - Combat in the Darkness9 The Brazilian Left: from illusions to armed struggle, 60 Jacob Gorender 47 - Carnivals, Rogues and Heroes an interpretation of the Brazilian dilemma, 61 Roberto DaMatta 48 - Fifteen Years of Economic Policy, 62 Carlos Lessa 49 - The Business of Brazil: Portugal, the Netherlands and the Northeast 1641-1669, 63 Evaldo Cabral de Mello 50 - The Brazilian People the formation and meaning of Brazil, 64 Darcy Ribeiro 51 - The Construction of order: the imperial political elite Shadow Theater: imperial politics, 65 José Murilo de Carvalho 52 - The Brazilian ex-Leviathan: from the dispersed vote to concentrated patronage-politics, 66 Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos Introduction Capistrano de Abreu said that to have an intelligent overview of Brazil one first had to read a series of "conscientious monographs"9 An intelligent overview, therefore, however individual it may be, is always the result of a collective effort that seeks to understand the country's unity within the diversity of its political, social, economic and cultural processes, through its various analyses and interpretations9 Without any pretensions to define the canon of studies on Brazil, in this book the Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation recommends some of the most important works on the long list of such studies9 This translation of the volume Understanding Brazil: A Reader's Guide, originally published in 2006, has now been recast and broadened9 It provides not only information about the selected works but also biographical notes on their authors, since these biographies are also an essential source for those who wish to understand the history and identity of a country*9 *Translators Note Where editions of the books exist in English, these are listed by their English title in the contents list9 Within the text, the title is followed by an asterisk, followed by place and date of publication in English9 Otherwise, translation of titles is unofficial, and provided only to guide the reader9 11 1 - History of Brazil 1500-1627 Frei Vicente do Salvador (1564-1639) 1st Edition: 1627 / Current edition: Ed9 Itatiaia, 1982 Vicente Rodrigues Palha, known as Father Vicente, was born in Matuim, Bahia9 He studied with the Jesuits in their São Salvador School, then in Coimbra, at which university he gained a doctorate in Law and Theology9 On his return to Bahia in 1587, he was ordained priest, and was canon, vicar-general and Governor of the bishopric9 At 35 years of age he became a friar in the order of Saint Francis, Ilustração Sérgio e Toledo Klaus Novais changing his name to Father Vicente do Salvador9 He conducted a mission in Paraíba state, lived in Pernambuco state, and directed the Foundation of the Convent of Santo Antônio in Rio de Janeiro9 He lectured on Philosophy in Olinda, where he was Custodian of the order9 He was also Preacher and Guardian of the order in Bahia9 In 1618 he traveled to Europe, returning to Brazil in 16219 His History of Brazil, concluded in December 1627, was unpublished until 18869 The originals of his Crônica da Custódia do Brasil [Chronicle of the Custody of Brazil] (1584-1618) were lost9 The first History of Brazil written by a Brazilian, Father Vicente do Salvador, born in Bahia, dates from the early 17th century but was only published in the late 19th century (999)9 What led Brother Vincents book to wait so long for publication? Research into and reading of the work show that not only was it because the author was Brazilian, but because he narrated the history of his country from an entirely Brazilian viewpoint, including many criticisms of the Portuguese metropolis and its administration9 13 UNDERSTANDING BRAZIL: A READER'S GUIDE 2 - Culture and Opulence of Brazil André João Antonil (1649-1716) 1st Edition: 1711 / Current edition: 3rd, Ed9 Itatiaia/Edusp, 1982 João Antônio or Giovanni Antonio Andreoni, who adopted the name André João Antonil, was an Italian Jesuit9 He entered the Society of Jesus aged eighteen, in Rome, graduated in Civil Law from the University of Perugia and went to Brazil in 1681, where he became Rector of the College and Provincial of Salvador9 Despite his friendship with Father Antonio Vieira, he held different opinions on the enslavement of indigenous people, the Jews and the new Christians (he translated an anti-semitic Italian work)9 He was against the favoring of Portuguese members of the Society of Jesus9 Although publication of Culture and Opulence of Brazil was completely licensed, the book
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