Delito y huellas de la dictadura chilena en el espacio urbano de Santiago: Una investigacion de la caracterizacion y las funciones del medio ambiente en las novelas neopoliciales de Ramon Diaz Eterovic Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Collins, Shalisa Marie Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 02:46:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282889 Delito y huellas de la dictadura chilena en el espacio urbano de Santiago: una investigacion de la caracterizacion y las funciones del medio ambiente en las novelas neopoliciales de Ramon Diaz Eterovic by Shalisa M. Collins Copyright © Shalisa M. Collins 2005 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN SPANISH In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2005 UMI Number: 3177528 Copyright 2005 by Collins, Shalisa M. All rights reserved. INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3177528 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 The University of Arizona Graduate College As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Shallsa M. Collins entitled Dellto y buellas de la dlctadura cbilena en el espacio urbano de Santiago: una investigacio'n de la caracterizacion y las funciones del medio ambiente en las novelas neopoliciales de Ramon Di'az Eterovic and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 y ovvti s or os&v Prbmis date /¥/ OC MaL«olm A. Compitello date f//v/ oC Cbarles M. Tatum date date date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend t^ it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. f dVlAi'S vA'/Zi DiAertation Director: Jose' Promis date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. 4 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera agradecer a todos los miembros de mi comite de disertacion—Dr. Jose Promis, Dr. Malcolm Compitello y Dr. Charles Tatum—sus sugerencias y observaciones. Quisiera agradecer especialmente a mi director, Dr. Jose Promis, que me sugirio el tema en primer lugar hace varies anos atras y con quien comparto un especial interes en las novelas de detectives. Gracias por presentarme las novelas de Ramon Diaz Eterovic y por facilitar mi encuentro con el en Chile. Yo se que escribir esta tesis ha sido posible en gran parte por las herramientas anaKticas que he adquirido al tomar sus clases, por la excelente direccion que me ha aportado a lo largo del proceso de escribir y las incontables horas que ha dedicado a la lectura y relectura de mis capitulos. Yo le debo toda mi gratitud. Finalmente, esta seccion de agradecimientos quedaria incompleta sin mencionar la contribucion del autor que enfoco en estas paginas—Ramon Diaz Eterovic. Gracias por llevarme a conocer el barrio de Heredia, por contestar todas mis preguntas, por facilitarme materiales y por leer y comentar cada uno de mis capftulos. 5 DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband, Andrew, for his continual encouragement when I needed an emotional boost and his support and understanding for the time I had to lock myself away and write. And to our daughter, Elena. Though she hasn't yet made her way into this world, her little kicks, punches and squirms have been my constant companion through the writing of my last few chapters and have reminded me many times what is most important in life. Andrew and Elena, you two are my world and I love you with all my heart. 6 INDICE LISTA DE ILUSTRACIONES 8 RESUMEN (ABSTRACT) 9 CAPITULO I Introduccion historica y teorica 10 1.1 La ficcion detectivesca en su contexto historico 10 1.2 La no vela negra en Chile 19 1.3 El discurso detectivesco canonico 21 1.4 El discurso neopolicial 25 1.5 El espacio en el neopolicial 38 1.6 Notas - Capftulo 1 56 CAPITULO II 2.1 Descripcion fisonomica e historica de los referentes urbanos utilizados por Ramon Diaz Eterovic 59 2.2 Notas - Capftulo 2 93 CAPITULO III La configuracion del espacio 94 3.1 El punto de vista del narrador 100 3.2 El imaginario del lector en la creacion del espacio textual 113 3.3 La metamorfosis espacio y la funcion denunciadora 118 3.4 Las modaUdades narrativas y descriptivas para caracterizar el espacio 124 3.5 La indeterminacion del medio ambiente 128 3.6 La denuncia del gobierno 132 3.7 Conclusion 135 3.8 Notas - Capftulo 3 137 CAPITULO IV El espacio como mdice de la perduracion de las estructuras pohticas y sociales impuestas por la dictadura 139 4.1 Introduccidn 139 4.2 Desarrollo historico que lleva al regimen militar 144 4.3 La metamorfosis de las estructuras de poder en el espacio ficticio 147 4.4 El neoliberalismo y el fetichismo cultural 156 4.5 La imposicion del olvido y el rescate de la memoria 162 4.6 Conclusion 172 4.7 Notas - Capftulo 4 174 7 INDICE - Continuado CAPITULO V 5.1 El espacio como agente de las alteraciones conductuales y de la destruccion de los individuos 177 5.2 Notas - Capftulo 5 211 CONCLUSION 212 OBRASCITADAS 222 8 LISTA DE ILUSTRACIONES FIGURA 2.1 61 HGURA 2.2 62 HGURA 2.3 63 HGURA 2.4 64 HGURA 2.5 66 HGURA 2.6 67 HGURA 2.7 69 HGURA 2.8 71 HGURA 2.9 76 HGURA 2.10 78 HGURA 2.11 79 HGURA 2.12 80 HGURA 2.13 81 HGURA 2.14 82 HGURA 2.15 84 HGURA 2.16 86 HGURA 2.17 88 HGURA 2.18 89 9 ABSTRACT The academic interest of this study is to determine the functions and uses of space in the detective novels of the Chilean author Ramon Diaz Eterovic. Diaz Eterovic's novels belong to the category of contemporary detective fiction in Latin America called novela negm or neopolicial, a literary form that borrows conventions from its predecessors but that modifies them according to the needs of the social context in which they are written. Little study has been done on the use of space in this type of narrative in spite of the fact that contrary to common practice among writers of classical detective fiction, authors of contemporary detective novels in Latin America privilege the development of space over other components of the text. In the detective novels of Diaz Eterovic space functions as an index of abstract categories of meaning. I apply principally structuralist theories and theories on space and the role of memory, as well as some urban theory, to look at the mechanisms used by the narrator to convey an ideological message through the representation of his physical and social surroundings. Space functions critically, pointing to the period of the Pinochet military dictatorship (1973-1989) as the cause of social, economic, and environmental problems that plague the country both during the military regime and well into the post- dictatorial years. I also look at how the representation of space evolves as the series progresses and the content of the novels moves away from the referent of the dictatorship which informs them. Diaz Eterovic modifies the function of the detective novel to encompass not only a critical agenda but also as a means of preserving the collective memory of the recent past which is quickly being forgotten. 10 CAPITULO I Introduccion historica y teorica La ficcion detectivesca en su contexto historico Edgar Allan Poe, el escritor norteamericano considerado por muchos el padre de la narrativa de detectives^ o de misterio,^ publica su primer relato de corte detectivesco, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," en 1841. Antes de 1845 publica cuatro relates mas ^ * 3 que en su conjunto sientan las bases de la ficcion detectivesca clasica o canonica. Sus historias tendran un impacto profundo en las futuras generaciones de escritores de relatos de detectives pero esto no sucede hasta casi finales del siglo XIX. Elliot L. Gilbert senala que las historias de Poe no llegan a despertar interes en los lectores de mitad del siglo XIX porque el mundo que presenta Poe, en el cual los principios de la razon pueden esclarecer cualquier misterio, parece impractico y demasiado fuera de la realidad del momento.