Development of all-in-one detectors for interdisciplinary applications Valerio Bocci INFN Sezione Roma
Particle Detector all-in-One detector ~3-100 photons in few ns
Bio,Chemi,Thermo luminoscence flux measurements
~105-106photons/s
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma First Electronic particle detector 1919
Geiger- Rutherford tube 1908 version (Geiger-Muller 1928)
Lee De Forest Audion tube from 1908, the first triode. its ability to amplify was recognized around 1912.
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Scintillation particle detector
The Photomultiplier (1934).
The Photomultiplier are big, expensive, fragile and need high voltage(1000 Volt). Still the best detector for single photon counting up to now (2020) but…
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma The SiPM (Silicon Photo Multiplier) Photon detector
The idea behind this device is the detection of single photon events in sequentially connected SiAPDs.
The dimension of each single APD can vary from 20 to 100 micrometres, and their density can be up to 1000 per square millimeter.
Every APD in SiPM operates in Geiger-mode and is coupled with the others by a polysilicon quenching resistor.
Although the device works in digital/switching mode, the SiPM is an analog device because all the microcells are read in parallel making it possible to generate signals within a dynamic range from a single photon to 1000 photons for just a single square millimeter area device.
The supply voltage (Vb) depends on APD technology used, and typically varies between 20 V and 100 V, thus being from 15 to 75 times lower than the voltage required for a traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) operation.
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Optimize and realize a compact all-in-one photon detector
Readout of detectors using generic mixed design (Analog/Digital) SoC (System On Chip) as main element. SiPM Photon Sensor
1) General purpose but the custom use is possible thanks + customized firmware (just writing smart software). 2) Very low price also for single piece 1) Near single photon counting 3) Low cost development software (☺) 2) solid state 4) Real-time best technology available 3) Low voltage operation 5) CPU Inside and many internal communication interface (WiFi, 4) Fast (nanoseconds response) Ethernet, Bluetooth) 5) insensitivity to magnetic field 6) Fast and precise analog signal conditioning 6) Flux meter: using gated operation and counting 7) On- line analysis, data publishing and/or data storage (SDcard) pulse mesasuraments 8) Low power consumption, can be battery-powered
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma 2012 question:Is it possible to build a particle detector using a design based in a single SoC (System on Chip) ?
Scintillator Photons Sensor Custom Electronics Arduino DUE ArduSiPM Firmware (SiPM) (ArduSiPM Shield)
ArduSiPM first All-in-one Scintillator detector in literature (2014) DOI: 10.1109/NSSMIC.2014.7431252
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Architecture of a state-of-the-art SoC (System on Chip)
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma SAM3X8E Timer Counter modules
• Three 32-bit Timer Counter Channels • A Wide Range of Functions Including: – Frequency Measurement – Event Counting – Interval Measurement – Pulse Generation – Delay Timing – Pulse Width Modulation – Up/down Capabilities • Each Channel is User-configurable and Contains: – Three External Clock Inputs – Five Internal Clock Inputs – Two Multi-purpose Input/Output Signals • Internal Interrupt Signal Valerio Bocci INFN Roma SAM3X8E ADC module
• 12-bit Resolution • 1 MHz Conversion Rate • Wide Range Power Supply Operation • Selectable Single Ended or Differential Input Voltage • Programmable Gain For Maximum Full Scale Input Range 0 - VDD • Integrated Multiplexer Offering Up to 16 Independent Analog Inputs • Individual Enable and Disable of Each Channel • Hardware or Software Trigger – External Trigger Pin – Timer Counter Outputs (Corresponding TIOA Trigger) – PWM Event Line • Drive of PWM Fault Input • PDC Support • Possibility of ADC Timings Configuration • Two Sleep Modes and Conversion Sequencer Valerio Bocci INFN Roma SAM3X8E DAC module
• Two Independent Analog Outputs • 12-bit Resolution • Individual Enable and Disable of Each Analog Channel • Hardware Trigger – External Trigger Pins • PDC Support • Possibility of DACC Timings and Current Configuration • Sleep Mode – Automatic Wake-up on Trigger and Back-to-Sleep Mode after Conversions of all Enabled Channels • Internal FIFO
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Particle detector scintillation detector
MICRO device
Particle Detector ~3-100 photons in few ns SiPM
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma ArduSiPM measuraments Data Stream example: 1 Sec Only rate: $10 $50 $244 A1 A3 A2 A4 ADC+Rate: v1Fv1Dv22v27v1Dv19v20v23v20v1Cv19v1F$12 v18v1Ev1Ev1Bv19v1Bv29v19v1Av1Dv1Bv1Dv2Av18v1B$15 t1 t2 t3 t4 v15v20v21v21v1Dv1Fv1Av1Av1A$9 v19v17v1Bv18v1Cv1Dv1D$7
TDC+ADC+RATE: We split the measuraments in 1 second windows, taedvataf0v7tv9v3$3 acquiring number of pulses, amplitude and time of each one. Legend: vXXX ADC Value in HEX MSB zero suppressed Using a 200KBits/s serial stream tXXXXXXXX TDC value in HEX MSB zero suppressed $XXX rate in Hz We can meausure and dump (depending from amplitude and distribution of pulses):
• Only the frequency up to 40 MHz • ADC value up to 4-6 KHz • ADC,TDC and rate 1 -2 KHz
Using the SAM3X8 built-in ethernet it is possible to increase data acquisition performance.
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Intraoperative β- Detecting Probe
ArduSiPM
SiPM Control and readout Scintillator Android App
• Radioguided intraoperative beta probe, with scintillation material coupled with SiPM detector.
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Use of ArduSiPM in the CERN UA9 and CRYSBEAM activity (substitute old Scintillator and electronics for PM)
- As beam losses counter @ SPS - As beam trigger @ extracted beam line H8 (CERN)
• This work has been supported by the ERC Ideas Consolidator Grant Valerio Bocci INFN Roma • No.615089 “CRYSBEAM”. A School made Cherenkov light detector (Winner of CERN “A beamline for schools”2017) LICEO SCIENTIFICO STATALE T. C. ONESTI (prof Maria Rita Felici)
Wqter Box
Cherenkov SiPM Light Particle Beam
ArduSiPM
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Lancio EOS Space project 30 Giugno 2018 ITI A. Russo Nicotera, AB Project, INFN Sezione di Roma
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Lancio Mocris 2019 Liceo scientifico Cariati, AB Project, INFN Sezione di Roma
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Prototype for space application Cosmo ArduSiPM
Cubesat 6000 Km orbit
RadHard SoC Microchip V7 Pototype rendering of Cosmo ArduSiPM
Euso SPB2 33 Km Ballon
INFN + Microchip technology
Valerio Bocci 2020 Bio Chemi(luminoscence) flux measurements
MICRO device
Bio(luminoscence) flux measurements
SiPM
~105-106photons/s
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Comparable Much Better Varioskan Flash Atik 383L with LuminoSiPM-ArduSiPM
Luminescent biosensors for forensic applications based on new ultrasensitive Valerio Bocci INFN Roma In collaboration with analytical chemistry uniBo Silicon Photomultiplier detector (PhD thesis Marcello D’Elia ) GeneHunter (Portable device to detect SARS-CoV2 RNA traces in situ and in real time)
• INFN Roma: Valerio Bocci INFN Roma (PI), Francesco Iacoangeli ,Giacomo Chiodi CTER, Ing Luigi Recchia CTER. • Chimica Analitica UniBO : Prof. Elisa Michelini, Prof.M.Guardigli, Dr.M.M.Calabretta. • CNR IMM Catania: Dr. Sebania Libertino ,Dr.M.R.Plutino Ricercatrice(ISMN); Prof.M.A.Coniglio(Univ.Di Catania,IMM), D.Corso CTER.
GeneHunter's strategy is to combine isothermal amplification and bioluminescent detection in a new compact optoelectronic device that uses a highly sensitive photodetector, developed for high energy physics, to rapidly track the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater or in sewage sludge
LuminoSiPM photon counting Istothermal rolling circle BRET (Bioluminescence Resonance Energy amplification (RCA) Transfer)
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Possible detection of ovalbumin in paint media by chemiluminescent immunochemical light (cultural heritage application)
Tempera Painting was the main medium used during the Early Renaissance for smaller scale paintings on wooden panels. Any pigment which is tempered with a water soluble binder LuminoSiPM such as egg yolk, glair (egg white), gum arabic CMOS or animal glue is referred to as tempera paint.
The technique of tempera involved mixing egg yolk with ground color pigments to form an emulsion that could be thinned with water and applied with a brush. The resultant paint was The reliable identification of proteins and other organic substances (oils, gums, etc.), often carefully built up in thin layers and dried to a present in limited amount in paintings and other artworks, still represents an issue in analytical hard matt finish. It is a technique suited to the studies aimed at revealing working practices, dating artworks and supporting restoration actions. use of graceful lines, gentle tones and a limited Indeed, these substances, used since ancient times as binders, varnishes and adhesives [4], are palette of delicate colors. Tempera had a greater characterized by a wide chemical variety, and undergo significant physicochemical changes with luminosity and depth of tone than fresco but aging… less radiance and intensity than oil painting. Its Among the different techniques for the detection of immunocomplexes, chemiluminescence (CL) main disadvantage, however, was its quick has shown remarkable performances in terms of spatial resolution and detection limit. Indeed, CL detection does not require an excitation source, and therefore it is not affected by the drying time which made the smooth blending of autofluorescence arising from the sample components tones very difficult. Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Thermoluminescent dating of Ancient Ceramics (cultural heritage application)
SiPM
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma Conclusions
• The development of System on Chip (SoC) with mixed design (Digital/Analog) allows to build all-in-one detectors with minimal external components. • The applications can be multiple from particle physics, to molecular biology to cultural heritage • These systems are able to contain in a small box all the parts necessary for a complete acquisition system, including ADC/DAC, Counters, nanoseconds scale Timers, , local storage ,Internet of Things (IoT) Interface. • The CPU power is just now enough for typical pre elaboration of edge computing system. • The internal peripheral are very flexible and through careful writing of the firmware it is possible to obtain maximum performance. • This class of systems is growing rapidly and in the near future will include multicore CPU and AI accelerator ADCs and faster DACs. • The possibility of having handheld measurement systems will allow to carry out measurements in the field the connection capacity will allow the creation of extended measurement networks.
Valerio Bocci INFN Roma