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JI ~()IU Ll2~A\ IL UOL 7 JAN- DEC 1982 Ctil!§ ()fficlal JI ~()IU ll2~A\ IL UOL 7 JAN- DEC 1982 EMERSON BO 197 CtiB vfflclal JI t()IUll2~A\IL UOL.7 JAN- DEC 1982 The California Historical Radio CONTENTS Society is a non-profit corp­ oration chartered in 1974 to promote the restoration of and Tha.t Wo11de1t6ul Rad.UJ preservation of early radio and HoJVt Speake.it .... •• ... ......... 3 radio broadcasting. CHRS provides a medium for members to exchange The Rad.UJ!o. Concelt.t Recei.ve1t infonnation on the history of and Rad-lo!o. Spec..la.l ••• ••••.•••• 6 radio, particularly in the West, with emphasis in areas such as The MaAcon,lphone V2 collecting, cataloging and res­ Re6lex Recei.ve1t • • ••••••••••• ••• 8 toration of equipment, literature and programs. Regular swap meets Covell Photo • •••• •• ••••• • ••••••••• 11 are scheduled at least four The Ed.u.011 In.1tltu.te ••••• • • •••••• 12 times a year. A Repa.Vunan •••.••••••••••••• • •••• 16 Fe.a.twted Se.t • • •••••••••• • • •••• ••• 19 RutoJt.clt.W 11 Hh!U ••••••••••• ••••• 2 0 Pub.l<.catlo 114 •••••••• • • •• •••• ••••• 25 1982 AWA/CHRS Arotual Co116e1te11ce • •••• • • •••••• 26 AugU.6t 1982 CHRS Sunp Mee.t ••••••• 27 Contel!U © 1982, CHRS Inc. PJLu-U:!ent: J.i.m Clitne1t SeC.ILe.tivty: steve Se.tze1t VJL. ChaliJ.u V. HeitMld AJ.<xvui.: TJLea.6Wle1t: Flta.nk Li.veJUnoJLe: S.Wce Kelley (7978) J oUJV!l1l Ed.UoJL: Heitb IYuvn.I Joe HOJLva.th ( 1979) Bob Heitb.ig (1980) Tu.be Ed.UoJL: RU.6.1 W.lnenow ThoJVte Ma.yu I 19 81 l CotWU.bu.ting Ed.U.OJL: Va.ve BJLod.i.e Woody Wilion ( 7982) HonoJLaJr.y Li.6e.t.ime Membe1t: PhotogJL<tphy: GeoJtge Vwr.6ey Paul CoU!t:Ua.rtd Sm.i.th ( 19 78) GJL<tph-lch Layout: Bob Undha.y The CHRS Official Journal is CHRS Official Journal is published published and furnished free to by the California Historical Radio all members . The first issue (Sept. Society, Box 1147, Mountain View, 1975) is still available for $3.00; California, 94042 - 1147 . other early i ssues are $2.00 each. Membership correspondence sho uld Articles for the Journal are soli­ be addressed to Steve Setzer, Box ci ted from all members. Appropriate 1147, Mountain View, CA 94042-1147 subjects include restoration hints, Articles and historical data for infol"lllilti on on early radio broad­ copying should be sent to the casts and personalities, anec­ Editor, Herb Brams, 242 7 Durant - dotes about the pioneers, etc. #4, Berkeley, CA 94704 Anyone i nterested in assisting in produci ng the Journal should contact the Editor. In the years of 1923-1926 hun­ THAT WONDERFUL dreds of radio horn speaker manufacturers sprung up. The RADIO boom was on and by 1926, when approximately 5,000,000 radio HORN SPEAKER sets had been sold, the radio horn speaker was a common fix­ ture in the home . by Floyd A. Paul Horn speaker ads offered uto­ pia. Ads read as follows: The telephone earpiece was used "reproduction is never tiring," to reproduce sound in the late "fundamentally a perfect tone 1800's and early 1900's. Its reproducer, " "tone is further limitation was that each person clarified by hot currents of wanting to listen had to use an air c;oming from lighted bulbs" earphone or put a headset on. (from an ad for a horn table lamp speaker), "each note will From 1910 to 1920 horn-type be heard as though you stood speakers were developed that beside the performer," the allowed several people to listen neck is curved like a saxophone, to an electrical signal at the the most melodious of all in­ same time. Demonstration tests struments," "built to incor­ to the public of this type of porate the principles of the speaker proved that tens or hun­ violin and like that instru­ dreds (and even thousands) of ment--improves with age," people could listen simultan­ "creates stationary sound waves eously to public address type which in turn quench those systems. Then in 1921 and 1922 annoying radio noises." something else was happening. Radio was exploding into the Horn speaker manufacturing home market . By 1923 Radio was plants opened in most major "big time." The idea of listen­ cities and rushed their pro­ ing to radio through an ear­ ducts to market. The small phone left much to be desired. horn producer could not afford Many manufacturers sensed this a design engineer nor were and joined the rush to bring a there many to be hired. Much radio horn speaker to the mar­ design plagiarism occurred. ket. The development of the Many manufacturers made their horn speaker had been timely, own horns, in total. Many indeed. The horn speaker bought parts from part suppli­ rapidly caught on as a companion ers and assembled the final device to the radio, allowing horn speaker product. Miller the whole family to listen to Rubber Co. in Akron, Ohio who the radio together. made bell units for RCA and other horn manufacturers A typical horn speaker con­ claimed they made 41 different sisted of a weighted base con­ models of bells for various taining the sound reproducer, horn producers. or driver, with a vertical cone-shaped or goose-neck The horns and horn bells were housing which had a flared made from many different mater­ opening, or bell. The sound ials. Some of the materials originated from the driver, used were molded cloth fiber, passed through the neck of the hard rubber, cement, sea shells, horn into the bell and then wood, pressed wood, bakelite, radiated outward. Various plastic, aluminum, cast iron, types of driver mechanisms were brass, copper, paper mache, and used, such as earphone, magnetic sheet iron. armature, or voice coil types. 3 Some horn manufacturers made the author estimates that less several sizes and shapes of than 50,000 horns were in home horn speakers . The Magnavox use. The radio horn speaker Co.; for example , made over a filled a distinct place and need dozen different models. The in the development of radio but Atwater Kent Mfg. Co. made one gave way to technological im ­ sty le of horn but introduced provements and evolution. several size and colo r varia­ tions. Other manufacturers Today, the 1920's radio horn made one design, promoted the speaker has become obscure. product until sales faltered It is a collectible item for (or perhaps some designs never some antique radio c ollectors. sold well ) t hen dropped out of Some of the more common "big" the speaker business. name horn manufacturers' pro­ ducts are s ought after . Names By 1925-26 a new type of such as RCA, Magnavox, Music speaker was being introduced to Master, Amplion , and Atwater the public. This was the mag­ Ken t are among these. Smaller, netic cone-type speaker, a fore­ relati vely unknown horn manu­ runner of today's cone speaker. facturers like Southern To y Co., It offered greater volume and Yahr- Lange Inc., and Riley­ a better frequency response Kl otz Co. made one model, in than the horn speaker although rather small volume and they some of the early cone speakers are hard to find. For every were not much better than the one of these smaller company horn speakers. Then, too, they horns in collector's hands were smaller and better looking there are probably 100 Magnavox than the horn speakers and so or Atwater Kent horns. fit more easily with the other furnishings of the home . Some Refs: "Horn Speakers, " Floyd of these cone speakers are Paul, CHRS Journal, quite beautiful, mounted on Vol. 4, No . 1, 19 79 . carved bases or covered with a "Early Horn Speaker fancy grillwork . Development, " AWA Old Timer's Bulletin, Vo l.17, By 1927 horn speakers were on No . 3, Dec . 1976. their way out and gave way to "Loud Talkers," Walt the cone speaker. By 1928 it Sanders, Radio Age, was difficult to find horn January , 1978. speaker ads in radio magazines. "What Is a Go od Loud And in 1928-29 radio parts Speaker," Fred Canfield, catalogs carried surplus horn Radio News, August, 1928. ads . Ho rn speaker design carried over into the 1930's and later and is even used ***************************** today in specialized applica­ tions such as tweeters in high fidelity s ystems and paging systems and t heater usage wh ere the high efficienc y and dir ectionality wi th which the sound is radiated is important. In retrospect, during the y e ars 1921-27 horn speaker statistics are staggering. There were over 305 ho rn speaker manuf ac ­ turers, over 550 speaker models and probably over 5, 000 , 000 horns s old and used. By 1930 Westinghouse Loud Speaker 4 Dictograph Speakers : Left: common later model , painted bell Middle : early model , polished bell Right: very late model , hard rubber bell Ovenshire - this horn was one of the few made in Los Angeles Amplion AR 19 Western Electric Speakers: Left to right: KS636, 555 Driver, 193W Driver - lA horn , 521CW, lOD Photos by Floyd Paul 5 in the back, for battery connec­ THE RADIOLA CONCERT tions ; the sliding lid that formerly covered the headphone compartment now gave access RECEIVER AND t o the UV199 tube . The old v ar­ i ometer and bandswi tch were usable with only minor rewiring, RADIOLA SPECIAL and removing the crystal detec ­ t or assembly left room for a by rheostat, small variable capa­ citor, and spiderweb coil. It Alan Douglas was anything but elegant, and o ld W.S .A. hands must have winced at turning out such junk, Anyone who has restored a but it d id get rid of unsold Radiola Special already knows stock .
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