COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES Is Devoted to Sharing Information and News About; ^Critical Mass Media and Communications Research

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0{. ICOy' or siiiw^Kinei

VOL. I, NO. 1 OCTOBER 1978

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COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES is devoted to sharing information and news about; ^critical mass media and communications research. Our goal is to help establish a netyprk among' those sharing a left, radical, progressive, t'larxist or critical approach to the study of mass media and communications. By- linking those sharing a critical approaphi», '''' COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES provides the opportunity for increased awareness of ' o therms work, a forum for sharing and developing ideas, as well as a stimulant for collective ' efforts, whether they be research, publications, working conferences, seminars or other such activity.

Judging from the responses to our inquiry letter, it seems clear that there is a real need for COMMUNICATIONS PERSPECTIVES. The many warm words of encouragement, information ' and names volunteered are greatly appreciated^ Yet, to be successful and effective, we

must rely on you for a continous supply of information and news, . COMMUNICATION PER- SPECTIVES is a collective effort because we must rely on everyone's participation. The amount and quality of the material received will inevitably c^estermine how useful this . newsletter will be. So, please continue to send information about new publications, ongoing and completed research, past and future events, or anything else that may be of interest to others. Although at this point it won't be possible to publish full-length articles, there are a number of new and current journals listed in this issue that may provide publication possibilities for these longer contributions. COMMUNICATION PER- SPECTIVES would be able to print short descriptions of such, articles, however. > .. We also would like to encourage book reviews and have included a brief list of bpoks- we-would-like-to-see-reviewed in this issue. Of course, these are only suggested titles; , reviews of any relevant publication will certainly be considered/accepted.

In order to facilitate the sharing of information among cotamlunication researchers, we ask each of our readers to complete the questionnaire found in this issue and return it to us. We plan to publish a directory of the names, addresses and research interests of our readers in the next issue.

Also, at present our funding from the Institute of Communications Research is limited to the first issue. Funding of future issues must come from other sources. Therefore we urgently ask our readers either to contribute $1 or more towards the cost of future issues or send us as many postage stamps as possible. Please make checks out to COM- MUNICATION PERSPECTIVES.

The deadline for the next issue is January 15,1979

The next issue will appear in early February 1979

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international communication, and materialist COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES theory/political economy. The peace research Co-editors: group, chaired by Tapio Varis, reviewed the Fr3d Fejes Eileen Meehan group's work on journalism and war propagar'a, the influence of transnational corporations, Thcaas Guback Jennifer Slack • Janet Wasko (Temple University) and the New International Information Order. The interest in these topics was reflected in Please address all correspondence to: the meetings of the international group in COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES which a number of papers were presented and Institute of Communications Research discussed. Indeed, a motion was offered be- 222B Armory fore the General Assembly of lAMCR members University of Illinois for the revival of an official section to Champaign, 111. 61820 deal with international questions. Breda U.S.A. Pavlic was asked to assume responsibility for coordinating the development of the international section. She probably will be organizing a working conference to further the CONFERENCE REPORTS growth of the section and to prepare papers for the next general conference of lAMCR in I:-I1'. Warsaw Conference 1980. Due to the special relevance of the theme chosen for the Caracas conference— The eleventh congress of the International New International Information Order: The A??cociation for Mass Communication Research Role of Research—one can expect that this (lA'ICR) met in Warsaw, Poland, September section will be quite active. Association ^-9. The conference theme was mass media President James Halloran asked Hamld Mowlaiia, and national culture. This topic was a member of the lAMCR International Council, treated in four plenary sessions under four to assist Pavlic in the revival of this diffcrant headings: ideologies, theories, section. metii?dologies; structure, content, values, impact; cross-cultural and international One of the most active and best attended of ccrrr.v.rilcatiGn flow—political, economic, the groups was the one on materialist theory/ technological factors; and cross-cultural political economy. For the past two years, coTni;vj.nicatlon— content, values, effect. The the members of the materialist theory group papers presented to the conference dealt have been meeting, exchanging papers, and with these concerns in terms of multiple circulating a newsletter. This group merged cultures within nations as well as the inter- with the political economy group to discuss action among nations. The papers generated papers of interest to both which had been serious discussion between the authors and circulated prior to the Warsaw conference. the official discussants so that each paper Although prepared for an intense working was critically evaluated with its Insights session, the members had not foreseen the and, occasionally, weaknesses highlighted. tremendous response by lAMCR members previ- Interventions from the floor aided in this ously unfamiliar with the group. Nicholas process, especially through the sharing of Gamham presented an abbreviated version of reser.rch results relevant to the particular his paper, "Towards A Political Economy of session. The discussions illuminated the Mass-Communication," and related it to some tensions and relationships between East- basic concepts in mass communication. This West and North-South perspectives. sparked a lively discussion which focused mainly on the definition of the audience as Mvch of the conference's productive work was a commodity. cairied out in section meetings, working groups, and ad hoc seminars. Of particular The group's co-chairmen Tamas Szecsko and of interest were the meetings of the groups on Robin Cheesman brought up the question communications and peace research, petitioning for section status. This was . '1\.\ C^f^

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discussed at length. The group voted to Graham Murdock, Centre for Mass Communica- seek the formal recognition. A committee tion Research, University of Leicester, to draft the petition was elected and 104 Regent Rd. , Leicester LE 1 7LT, Herbert Schiller was selected to present England the proposal to the General Assembly. In Jennifer Slack, Institute of Communica- the hope that the petition would be granted, tions Research, University of Illinois, the group elected three co-ordinators: Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA. Robin Cheesman, Tamas jzecsko, and Raquel Communication and Peace Research: Salinas. In the Asseiubly, the proposal wao Tapio Varis, Tammirinteentie, 01760 thoroughly discussed and the new section Vantaa 76, Finland. created. President Halloran suggested that Schiller be included on the co-ordinating lAMCR— for membership: committee due to his status as a Council Mrs. Peggy Gray, lAMCR, Centre for Mass member. This was amenable to all members Communication Research, University of of the new political economy section. Leicester, 104 Regent Road, Leicester LEI 7LT, England. Efforts within the new section are being made to continue and enlarge the news- Th ird Annual XJest Coast Communications letter's circulation. All inquiries and Conference information should be sent to Graham Murdock

(address below) . Tentative plans are being On the weekend of April 8/9th of 1978, made on both sides of the Atlantic for work- several hundred people gathered at Stanford ing conferences on the theme of the next University in Palo Alto, California, for the lAIICR congress. Cheesman is co-ordinating THIRD ANNUAL WEST COAST COMMUNICATIONS CON- pltn.aing in Europe and Jennifer Slack is FERENCE. In two days of panels and work- J OLga-Lizing a working conference in the •-'-.ops, progressive approaches to mass cul- • United States. ture, coininunity media, communications reform and media theory were discussed. Partici- In sum, the lAMCR congress provided re- pants included not only media researchers, searchers with an international forum in but many active media practitioners repre- whicli to address some of the major questions senting various independent/alternative/ in cur field. Debate xjas lively and produc- community media projects and media reform tive. Our Polish hosts were quite thought- movements. ful in providing the conference with an excellent setting which facilitated formal Featured speaker for the event was Stuart and informal contact. Considering the en- Ewen, who spoke about "Americanization and thusiasm of the eleventh congress' partic- Consumption: A Cultural Analysis." Also ipants and the upcoming working conferences, included in the p -ogram was the film pre- the 1980 congress in Caracas, Venezuela, miere of California Newsreel's latest film: holds great promise. "Controlling Interest: The World of the Multinational Corporation." Eileen Meehan This was the third such gathering on the Addresses : vjest coast. Let's hope there will ba a fourth in the near future! International Section: Breda Pavlic, University of Ljubljana, rc:::THCOM:iiG rvrNTS Faculty of Sociology, Political Science & Journalism, Titova Cesta 102, 'jIOOO Sunderland Polytechnic is organizing a na- Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. tional conference on communications studies around Easter, 1979. On the agenda will be Political Economy Section: such issues as critical social theory, em- Robin Cheesman, Media Studies, Roskilde pirical methodology, relationship of tex- Universitetcenter, Postbox 260, 4000 tual to social and economic media research, Roskilde, Denmark. radical approaches to professional training. - 4 -

throries cf soclolinguistics - all of which The document is derived from three previous r hov.ld 03 of interest to students of commu- versions, one of vjhich was considered at nicctions. For more Information, contact: UNESCO's 19th General Conference in Nairobi Jolra R. Corner, Department of Languages and in 1976, where it v:as tabled. One article Cultures, Sunderland Polytechnic, Chester that drew considerable objection declared Roci, Sunderland SRl 3SD, England. "States are responsible for the activities in the international Wg at ths University o^ Illinois are plan- sphere of all mass media under their jurisdiction." Opponents r:j.':2 to hold a vrorkin^ conference of the also Political Economy Section of the Interna- argued that th3 document was incompati- of tional Association for Maos Communication ble with guarantees press freedom written into national constitutions. Research (L'lMCR) on April 6, 7 and 8, 1979 - (Friday Sunday) . T\7o themes have been The new docur.ient is a thorough reformulation Gu^gestcd for the conference: the political of principles for international use of mass eccnomy of information and the state of media and contains no references to the re- critical communication research in North sponsibility of the State vis-a-vis media /^.^rica. Under the discussion of the polit- activities. In earlier versions, the State ical economy of information we envision a assumed an active role with media acting as Lre.akGc;va into three sessions: theoretical intermediaries in achieving certain objec- ap-^roichc3, structural/institutional as- tives. The revised draft puts the mass p^ctc, and cultural aspects/effects. One or media in a primary position, and refers bjth of these themes can constitute the directly to their moral, social, and profes- fccun of the conference, depending on the sional responsibilities. The tone of this in'jaicEt of those planning to attend and version seems to reflect the mandate given present papers. Anyone interested in pre- by the Nairobi meeting that the document senting a paper is requested to submit should "meet X7ith the largest possible meas- quickly a general statement about the paper ure of agreement." you vculd like to submit. Furthermore, any- International understanding and peace neces- one interacted in attending should let us sitate, according to Article I, "a free, re- know az wall. This way we can organize a ciprocal and balanced flow of accurate, g-cl nc.etin3 around vrhat people would like complete and objective information...." to discuss. (You need not be a member of Elsewhere, the document calls for tha "e*:- lAW-ijl to attsnd or participate. For an ex- tablishment of a new equilibrium and greater plnnation. of the work of the Political Econ- reciprocity in the flow of information," and omy Sciction, see the above report of the says that to bring this about "it is neces- IAI^IGR War L' aw conference.) Please address sary to correct the quantitative and quali- any infoiTiation, inquiries, etc. to Jennifer tative inequality in the flow of information S.lack, Institute of Ccriir.unications Research, to and from developing countries, and be- 222B Armory Building, University of tween those countries." Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A. Article X declares 'it is the responsibility As '.72 Icrirn more about the European meeting of the international community to endeavour of the lAKCu Political Economy Section and to create [how?] a freer and more balanced the mcetin- of the lAMCR International Sec- flow of information' and 'promote a profes- tion, we will pacs that information on to status for and you. sional journalists other agents [who?] of the mass media...." REPORT ON NEW UNESCO MASS MEDIA DRAFT Representatives of the American Newspaper Publishers Association, the International UI\ESCO has made public its "Draft Declara- Federation of Newspaper Publishers, the tion on Fundamental Principles Governing the World Press Freedom Committee, and the In- Contribution of the Mass Media to Strength- ternational Press Institute met in London in ening Peace and International Understanding September and concluded that the revised and to Combating War Propaganda, Racialism UNESCO draft is improved but still not sat- and Apartheid." It will be considered at isfactory. The ANPA believes the new ver- Ui'lSSCO's 20th General Conference, scheduled sion still implies that governments should for Paris later this year. i s .

- 5 - assure that journalists meet their profes- important international forum for the pres- sional responsibilities entation of research and discussion across the whole field of cultural practice. The the World Press Freedom Committee In June, main focus is on the mass media (television, which media delega- sponsored a meeting at radio; journalism) within their political, with U.S. Secretary of State tions discussed cultural and histo laical contexts. Their re- Cyrus Vance the threat to press freedom im- lationshiiS to literature, the visual and plied by the UNESCO draft. WFC Chairman performing arts, ,,..tiotography, publishing and George Beebe said Vance assured the group to more general artistic and cultural prac- that the U.S. delegation to the up-coming tices is of central reference. The journal Paris meeting will include a prominent media seeks to relate academic work to contempo- person who is "thoroughly familiar vrith the rary practice, particularly with regard to vjell-organized campaign among Communist and mass media and communication policy." , Third World countries to discredit the West- Concordia ern media and get the declaration passed." IKON : c/o Istituto Gemelli, Corso Vance reportedly said that the U.S. delega- 7, Milano, Italy. ' tion will be as strong as the one that IKON is a review of the study, analysis, "worked so effectively" in Nairobi in 1976. and criticism of mass communication at the national and international level. In the Tom Guback first issue (October, 1978) there will be a (On Sept. 26 the U.S. delegation was named. monograph on Mass Media and Cultural Imperi- will be The delegation includes: William Attwood , alism: in the second issue there a chairman of the board of Newsday , former monograph on the Political Economy of the

European correspondent for Collier' , former Mass Mejdia."

European editor for Look , former U.S. ambas- The Media Reporter : Brennan Publications, sador of Guinea and Kenya, and special ad- 39 Legh Road, Sale, Cheshire, M33 2SU, visor of the U.S. delegation to the United England Nations". John E. Reinhardt , director, Inter- The Media Reporter ..."is not a theoretical national Communication Agency (U.S.A.); journal but an attempt to link developing Sarah Goddard Power , chairperson, U.S. Na- research withj professional training and tional Commission for UNESCO; and Hale practice." Oriented toward articles about Chrr.pion , U.S. Undersecretary of Dept. of the British ,m^dia. Health, Education and Welfare.)

Jump Cut' : 3138 W. Schubert, Chicago, NEW AMD CURRENT JOURNALS Illinois 60647 or PO Box 865, Berkeley, California 94701, U.S.A. The following is a list of new and current " Jump Cut is always looking for articles and journals which have been suggested to us as reviews on film end broadcast TV and Video. being pertinent to critical communication We've been trying to run a series of arti- researchers. It also serves as a guide to cles introducing left thinkers who might npt possible places for the submission of arti- have much to say about film per se, but cles dealing with communication from a crit- whose ideas are important to developing a ical perspective. Descriptions are based on more sophisticated film analysis. We've run information available to us. For more de- such pieces on Enzensberger , Benjamin, tailed information, write directly to the Caudwell, and have one coming up on Adomo. journal. (We'd) like to hear ,from people who might . Also, please let us know of other journals like to write such survey and/or introduc,-, we can suggest in future issues. If possi- tory pieces for our readers." ble, please include title, address and a brief description of the journal. The Journal of Communication Inquiry :

of ism. The University of .jj School , Journal Media, Culture and Society : School of Com- Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, U.S.A. i, munication, Polytechnic of Central London, " The Journal of Communication Inquiry . . .rgr 18-22 Riding House Street, London. Theme , of fleets as its basic concern the broad ques- first issue, January 1979, is "The Media ^nd 'What are the possibilities for the Politics." tion, of communication inquiry? ' The "Media, Culture and Society provides an conduct - 6 -

journal is primarily concerned xvith the the- descriptions of the editorial policies and oretical (historical-cultural, legal-ethical) formats of some forty American and Canadian Issues of communication and grexj out of cultural publications. Each sal^cticn in- graduate students' concern that a more hu- cludes a self-description written by the manistically oriented journal than those editor(s) of the publication under review. publishing be made available as a forum for Current addresses, subscription rates, and both graduate students and faculty members. "^i cost of sample copies are alco iftfcluded.

.Cine-Tracts ; 4227 Esplande Avenue, Montreal *.,. Dan Georgakas and Marvin Surkin, yDgtroit : Quebec, H2W ITl, Canada. , j, I Do Mind Dying: A Study In Urban r.cvol:-'- ." . Cine-Tracts is a journal that intends to tion. Currently available from Smyrna Precs, ^'.intervene in the current issues of social Box 841, Stuyvesant; Station, Kew York, Nc:; theory and cultural practice." Articles on York 10009, U.S.A. $6.00 for hardback; $4.50

. ifi^m, film theory and politics. for paperback. Pr.rt of this brok is devoted rto a discussion of the role of th& radical : ; Cirteaste 333 Sixth Avenue, New York, New ' .'York 10014, U.S.A. pr.esf; in organiz^r-g automobile workers in Detroit in the l-.tz lS60's. Articles on and abiout films. • "We would like to encourage the free-lance submission of tedric Baifrage ~cA Jcnas Aronson, SonethJ.ng articles and reviews for future issues of To Guard: The Stormy Life of The National Cineaste . We are especially interested in Guardian 1948-1957 . To be published by receiving more contributions from blacks and Colunbia University Press this fall. The other minorities as well as women^, .If you book, a public and private history of the ^re interested in ^ writing for Cineaste, send newspaper, describes the trials of publish-

. a ^.stamped, self-addressed enveI6pe for a ing, a newspaper that dis^/^reed vehemently

, copy of •o\jv "suggested ^ guidelinbs for with U.S. policy during the height of the .writers.,'" Cold War. It contain.'^ vignettes of such figures as Paul Robeson, Anna Louisa Strong, International Peace Research Newsletter : Dr. W.E.B. Dv.Bois and others. IPRA, P.O. Box 70, 33101 Tampere 10, Finland. Although concerned primarily with peace re- . flerbert I. Schiller and Kaarle Nordenstrcng, search, the IPRA' Newsletter often deal's with National Sovereiguty and International Com- issues of interest to communlcatiori; scHpl- munication . A reader to be published by ars, especially those concerned with in^er- Ab lax Publishing. Co. ,. Norwood, New Jersey, .n^tional questions, i.e., transnational September, 1978.,,, corporations, the International information order, etc. Robert Jacobson, Munici p al Control of Cable

Communications . Currently available from A group of North American communication re- Praeger. The boc': makes a unique caê for searchers are currently in the process of public ownership of . cable systems. organizing a neW journal devoted to publish- Andreas Fuglesang, Doinr: Things Together, An ing articles on mass communication writt;en Experience in Corc-unicnting Appropriate from a critical perspective. At the present we do not have specific information about Technology . The "L-.ig H-.rjnarskjbld Foundation, report "this new journal. However in the next issue 1977. "This is based cr the 1976 we hope to publish more details. For addi- Workshop ofk Appro-riate Tecb>.ology in Vil- tional information contact: Noreene Janus, Ikge P^velopmant . Amour; the topics dis- I.L.E.T., Apartado 85-025, Mexico 20 D.F., cussed and analyzed are traditional technologies, r.nd field Mexic,a» .; , > social ped.îôgy method, .r i i shared interests cad vested Interests: an PUBLICATIONS T0;NOTE outline of a model for communication of i 'Another Development,' mass, ccamunication, Dan Georgakas, Left Face . Currently avail-' apiiropriate thln/.'iig and difference:; in con- able from Cineaste magazine, 333 Sixth Ave- cept formation.'' Book can only be ordered nue, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. $1.50, from: Dag Hammarskjolil Fcurj'.:.:..on, C -.:a The publication is a source book of radical Slottsgatan 2, S-752 .".a! Uppsala, Sweden, magazines, presses, and collectives actively. Price: Sw. kr!' 50 (Air nail). involvQ(J in the arts. It cDntaiTis ••"' ' 1-' •.. ,... i -i-i - 7 -

Andreas Fuglesang (ed.) Film-making In De- Regione Emllia-Roraagna, vlale Sllvanl 6,

velop Ing Countries : The Uppsald Workshop . 40122 Bologna, Italy. The Dag HammarskjSld Foundation, 1975. From Nicholas Garnhan, "Towards a Political Econ- the contents: The Function of Film as a omy of Mass-Coiranunications." Working toward Communication Medium, Visualizing the Educa- a new political economy of mass communicational Message, Film Research and Field tions. Includes sections on the Inadequacy Testing, Technical and Educational Problems of existing Marxist theory; the material,

and Needs, Filmatlc Deuocracy and Consclen- i the economic and tne ideolooical; the rela- tlsatlon. Price: Sw. kr. 40 (air mail) tion between mental and material production; See above for ordering address. mental production and capitalist commodity Christopher H. Sterling and Timothy R. production; the modes of the extraction and Halght, The Mass Media: Aspen Institute distribution of the cultural surplus; the

Guide to Communication Industry Trends . problem of time: and the industrialisation Praeger/Aspen Institute, 1978. This work is of culture. Contact: Nicholas Gamham, a statistical abstract of print, film and Head of Media Studies, School of Communica- broadcast media in the United States, with tion, Polytechnic of Central London, 18 brief comment on the more than 300 tables. Riding House Street, London W.I., England. Includes topics: Growth of Media, Content F^lix Gutierrez, "Mexico's Television Net- Trends, Employment and Training Trends, Au- work in the United States: The Case of diences, U.S. Media Industries Abroad. Or- Spanish International Network.' A case der from Praeger, $22.00 cloth or Aspen study of media Imperialism in rever:~!e. This Institute Publishers, $11.95 paper. study is a detailed examination of the back- Dallas W. Smythe, "Communications: Blind- ground, structure and activity of the Span- spot of. Western Marxism." Canadian Journal ish International Network in the United of Political and Social Theory 1:3, Fall States. SIN serves the Spanish speaking .1977. This article has sparkied considerable population in the United States and is 75% debate over the role of the aludience as owned by Mexico's Televisa television net- commodity. work. Contact: F^lix GutiSrrc;, Acrociate Professor, California State University at PAPERS TO NOTE Northridge, Northridge, Califoitiia 91224, U.S.A. Robert Jacobson, "Satellite Business Systems and the Concept of the Dispersed Corporation: RECENT dissp;::tat:::^s An End to National Sovereignty?" Details a possible threat by IBM to dissolve national Wlllard Daniel Rowland, Jr., The Political boundaries on its way to hegemony in the And Symbolic Uses Of Effects; A Social His- computer business here and abroad. Contact: tory of Inquiries Into Violence On Televi- Robert Jacobson, School of Architecture and sion And The Political Legitimation Of Mass Urban Planning, UCLA, Los Angeles, California Communications Research . Ph.D. dissertation. 90024, U.S.A. University of Illinois, 1978. The disserta- Robin Cheesman and Karl Ola Nilsson, "State tion "analyzes the practical consequences in Intervention in Ideological Production." for the three chief parties at Interest broad- Discusses the increasing involvement of the the television violence debate. The Swedish State in the production of ideology. casting industry is found to have carefully academic Contact: Robin Cheesman, Media Studies, guided both the applied and the of communications research. It has Roskilde Universltetscenter, Postbox 260, reailms 4000 Roskilde, used its investment in the scientific tool Denmark. , i as '&' symbol of its social responsibility Giuseppe Ridh^ri, "italyV A Democratization while subtly influencing the academic models ' of the Media?"'. Adi analysis of the present and findings so au to exonerate televisicn." situation of Italian broadcasting with a Contact: Wlllard Rowland, Institute of Com- discussion of the limits and possibilities munications Research, 22 2B Armory, University of recent refotms for a greater democratiza- of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, tion of the media. C

" Chln-Chuan Lee, Media Imperialism" Reconsid- Felix Gutierrez is presently doing work on - ered: The HomogenizinR of Television Cul Latinos and the media and would be interested ture . Ph.D. dissertation, University of in corresponding with anyone else on the Michigan, 1978. A review and critique of topic. Contact him at the Department of the media imperialism hypothesis with empir- Journalism, California State University at ical argument suggesting that it is not ap- Northr.idge, Northridge, California 91324, plicable to television. Contact Chin-Chuan U.S.A. Lee, Center for Commur. ication Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New PROJECTS Territories, Hong Kong. The Institute For Communication Policy ONGOING RESEARCH Development Walter Siembab and Robert Jacobson have Herb Schiller and Robert Jacobson are work- formed a non-profit research corporation, ing on a critical analysis of the domestic the Institute for Communication Policy De- and international data-communications mar- velopment, to help public interest groups kets and industries on behalf of the Insti- understand and respond to communication tuto Latinoamericano des Estudios Trans- issues. Jacobson writes: "So far we're the nacionales (ILET) . Their work is slated to only public-interest participant in the be completed early in 1979, FCC's incredibly important 'Second Computer Inquiry' along with IBM, AT&T, and 70 Margaret Gallagher is compiling a comprehen- other corporations and government sive and .analytical survey of past and cur- institutions. We're also rent research, training, action and lobby helping local public-access groups and the of California Cities programmes worldwide, relating to the role League to defeat industry-sponsored legislation in and position of women in the media industries as well as to their portrayal by the California which would effectively take local governments out of business of media. A major goal is to go beyond simple the we to description or analysis and propose policy cable regulation. Finally, intend become a participant in the UN's upcoming Con- measures and lines of action directed at ference Technology for Devel- development and social change. The results on Science and opment next year in Vienna... We look forward will form the basis of a working paper for working other groups with interests the UN-UIJESCO Seminar on Women and the Media to with Our planned for March, 1979. Gallagher requests in the area of communications policy. is: for Communication that readers alert her to any current or address Institute Box West- previous research projects and published Policy Development, P.O. 135, 308 wood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90024." work, action programmes (in training,, production creation of information networks, Clearing House on Transnational Advertising, etc.), lobby programmes directed at influ- Mass Media Transnational Activities, Inter- encing media policy or output, names of per- national Propaganda, etc. sons involved in the field who would be The Clearing House is a project undertaken useful contacts, and personal and profes- by the Study Group on Communications of the sional comments or experiences related to International Peace Research Association. the issue of women and the mass media. In The operating plan for the Clearing House return, she will be happy to share the con- states: "There is a pressing need, espe- clusions and outcomes of the project. Con- cially in Third World nations, for informa- tact her at Audio Visual Media Research tion about the activities of transnational Group, Institute of Educational Technology, advertising, mass media operations, market The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, research, computerized information process- England. ing and retrieval, and international propaganda. At the same time information about Joe Webb is nearing completion of a book- systematically length critical study of the structure of such activities Is not available; however, it does appear occa- the American newspaper industry and is work- and papers, ing on a longer study of the American sionally in the form of speeches public utility system. testimony before legislative committees, :

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annual reports of transriational corj^ora- : media imperialism, established .interests:

tions, etc. Bits and pieces of basic data. . usually have been able to respond only with, (statistical, organizational, financial) be- vague arguments based on the .heretofore sa-

come available to journalists and scholars: cred principle of "free flow of, :-.

i in various countries all the time'—often ifn communlcatloh.." i- i unpublished form. Until now, there has been However, if William' H. Read's book," Aimerlca's no mechanism for pooling and circulating Mass Media Merchan ts, is any iridlcation, it such data. It is precisely to provide this seems that this situation is changing. The mechanism that the Clearing House has be^n strategy now lanong established academic and created.' The Clearing House Is now in the ^government communication , researchers is to process of collecting such information. If accept the -fact of American dominance in the you have documents containing this kind of

. i-nternational structure of communication : , basic data, send copies to: ' Professor ' flow and to investigate and. analyze it in -a, Dallas n. Smythe, Secretary of the Study manner that is for the most part devoid of . I.P.R.A. , Dept". of Group on Communications, It ;would seem that, any critical I ^content- Communications, Simon Fraser University, the goal of this type of research is to min- Butnabjr, British Columbia, VSA 136, Canada. imize, the significance of the media imperialism the^ip by offering counter-explanations PEOPLE,^ ON THE MOVE of American media dominance that depend/ upon such as, "convergence," "interdepend- . Joe, ^febb has taken a position as head of the concepts Departmeht of Communications at the Univer- ence," •'modernization'" and so on. Generally, conclude that whereas there are sity of Evansville, Evartsville, Indiana ; such studies i problems and ijSsues involved in un- : '477.02 j U.S.A. numerous balanced international communication flpw, HerlS Schiller Is presently with the,Communi- in the long run everything is happening for

••'•tations Department, Hunter College, CUIIX, i

• ^ ^- :> . the' best. : ':•. r :; 6?5 Park Avenue, ^lew York, New. York; 10021,^ ' ;' -' •; a fellow 'at . • -- : this study while :.^U..S.A. , :k-, Rei:d undertook Harvard's Center for International Af tail's. Janet W^sko has, accepted a position teaching Wlth't'he encouragement of Samuel P. Hiintiii^- '' ' media economics at the Radio-TV-Film Depart- ' the Center's Associate Director and Philadelphia, tbn, ment, Temple University, Rockef elisor'" ' financial assistance from the Pennsylvania 19122, U.S^A. ^ Fbundation, Read conducted this '^tudy ais • payt of the Center's overall research prb- BOOK REVIEWS, 'y ^t^ on transnational processes. His Intet- William H. Read, America's Mass Media Mer- est .in fcomnianiCatlbns continues is he is the Harvard Pro-^' chants , John Hopkins University Press, Bal-r pre^«itly associated with timore, 1976. Reviewed by Fred Fejes, gram on Information Resource Policy, a - think-tank on communications policy .that One of the major lines of research success- serves the needs of large communication cor- fully pursued by critical conmiuriications re- poratlonis such as RCA, IBM, ATT, Time Incor- s'eai'chers during the paist decade has been an porated, and government agencies, such as the analysis of V7hat has come tp' be known as Federal Communications Commission ?nd the ... media imperialism. A fiiajor aspect of such' Postal Service—all of which support the; , analyses has been the examihation of the program financially.; rdie of /jaerican media exports throughout theworld. Interestingly enough, this is one in ierms of its empirical ptesentatlon, area of critical research where established America's Massi Media Merchants offers' little government, commercial, and academic inter- that' is' new. For 4:he; most part, the analy- ests have been slow and ineffective in their sis b'fAtner lean television, movie, and print response. To put it simply, the 'radicals" exports is a general reworking of material first defined the issue and have continued presented elsewhere by'crltical researchers. to dominate discussions, of it. To the vast Howeveir, what is bf major importance in this amount of data and detailed studies offered b6ok--and one reason why such bboks should by researchers to document the charge of be refad very closely by critical - 10 -

communication researchers— is not the basic publishers, etc.; had to perfect a style of empirical analysis but the arguments ad- content that could both transcend the radi- vanced to explain and justify international cally different ethnic and regional cultures media hegemony. No doubt Read's arguments, and embody values that were acceptable to v'.^ and others like them, will soon begin to all. Due to this experience of dealing with make their way into discussions and debates divergent cultural groups, U.S. media produ- about the international flow of cers were able to create products that had communications. no problem being exported overseas. To illustrate such arguments, let us take as This argument for cultural compatibility an example his explanation of the historical based on U.S. history is an intriguing one causes of the United States' pre-eminent and in Itself deserves further study. How-

.„ position in the area of media exports. Gen- ever in the context of this book, the argu- erally a critical analysis would argue that ment cannot be a serious explanation as Read the expansion of U.S. media exports is a nowhere touches upon the complexity of the form of cultural imperialism that is tightly relationships between the development of the tied to America's position and role in the American mass media and the development of world capitalist system. However, for Read various regional and ethnic groups, their the explanation is somewhat different, cen- class dynamics, and their assimilation into tering as it does on economic and cultural "main-stream" American life. Nor does he causes that are based in the unique histor- touch upon the extent to which American ical development of the United States. The media expansion overseas has been fraught economic basis. Read argues, for American with cultural problems and conflicts. expansion is found in the fact that such ex- On the xvrhole, the book deals with the media ports are a natural result of the U.S. being a "communications intensive" society in Imperialism thesis, not by confronting it directly, but by retreating to a level of ;\. which modern media products and their mar- that tend to keting methods were first, developed and per- mystifying superficialities fected for the American market. Such cloud issues previously clearly drawn. While he makes a number of interesting products and techniques were then used for points regarding transnational media, world overseas expansion. U.S. media exports are politics, and information elites, the book's . -an Integral part of the American communica- general conclusion is predictable and empty: •itions complex: "...the mass media that have "Regarding the relationship between American gone abroad from the U.S. are attached not commercial mass media and foreign societies, only to the parent organizations that offer my own conclusions are that in the absence them resources and rights, but in turn they of convincing cause and effect evidence, are linked to a djmamic U.S. communication transnational med?'.a can only be considered > complex." (p. 11) as contributing factors in the decision- Very fevj people can argue with this super- making process affecting societies, and ficial notion as It is difficult to see how secondly, that through the marketplace this could be otherwise. However an equally system by which Americk*s macs media mer- important reason for American media expan- chants communicate with th^ foreign consum- sion is the fact that American media prod- ers, both parties enjoy different, but still ucts tend to be "compatible" with foreign useful benefits." (p. 181) ^ cultures. The cultural compatibility of Nevertheless it is something we should pay U.S. media products is again due to reasons we will hear closely bound up with the historical devel- attention to, as most likely opment of the media in the U.S., particularly this again. during the period of the great European im- BOOKS TO REVIEW migrations. The United States, Read argues, is composed of numerous submarkets that have The following books are suggested for re- been comprised of different ethnic, racial, view. We will publish reviews of relevant and regional groups over time. In order to books as space permits. We do not have market their products nationally in the U.S., copies of review books available. Please filmmakers, newspaper editors, magazine obtain copies on your own. : : s

- 11 -

SUGGESTIONS FOR BOOKS TO REVIEW: George Boyce, James Curran and Pauline Wlngate: Newspaper History: From The 17th Century

To The Present Day . (Sage Press, 1978)

Steve Chappie and Reebee Garofalo: Rock 'N' Roll Is Here To Pay . (Nelson-Hall, 1977)

Chenhamo Chlmutengwende : South Africa: The Press And Politics Of Liberation . (Barbican Books)

Rosalind Coward and John Ellis: Language & Materialism . (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978) Cees Hamelink: The Corporate Village: The Role of Transnational Corporations In Inter-

national Communication . (IDOC International) Elihu Katz and George Wedell: Broadcasting In The Third World; Promise

and Performance . (1977)

Armand Mattelart, et al.: Revolucion Socialista Y Communicaci6n Masiva . (Edlciones Rocinante) Anthony G. Oetlinger, et al.: Information Resources For The 80' . (Balllnger Press, 1977)

Herbert I. Schiller: Communications And Cultural Domination . (1976) Christopher Sterling and John M. Kittross: Stay Tuned: A Concise History Of American

Broadcasting . (Wadsworth, 1978) Majid Teheranian, et al.: Communications Policy For National Development: A Comparative

Perspective . (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977)

Edward P. Thompson: William Morris, Romantic To Revolutionary . (Merlin Press and Pantheon Books)

QUESTIONNAIRE

In order to facilitate the sharing of information among critical communication researchers, Conmunlcation Perspectives will publish a directory in the next issue based on the response to the following questionnaire. Please fill out the form (type or print legibly ) and return it to us. Remember the deadline for the next issue is January 15, 1979. Also, please don't forget to send in your contribution to help defray costs. THANK YOU.

Name Position: Current address: Permanent address (if different) General research interests:

Specific research or projects currently engaged in:

Send to: Conmunication Perspectives, Institute of Communications Research, 222B Armory, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A. .

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-«,,( VOL. I, NO. 2 FEBRUARY 1979

H :,t.-l--. f i!)

Thte' response "to COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES by readets -has. been encouraging,.: We have received many letters expressing the belief that thernewsletter can fill a very important gap in coajinurii cation between ireseairchers in communication. We wish we could, answer all of your wonderful letteirs personally, but we really can't without turning into full-time editors.^ In addition to encouragement we have also received lots of information and a few book reviews for this newsletter. Keep the information coming. Finally, we have received quite a bit of money - enough to pay the postage for a, couple of issues. We would like to avoid the restrictions involved in charging a subscription' for tHe n_eW'sletter. But the support we have here is minimal - though extremely helpful. So if you c^n contribute

some,t;hing~and h^ven ' t yet— please do. Send checks made out to COMMUt^lCAiTION PERSPECTIVES. '' Your, coi)t,T4-.bu,t^totLS^— of all varieties—will keep the newsletter viable.

The majLl isi exc^vfpiatingly.slow. We know. For a time we were worried if anyone was actually going to get the newsletter at all. Unfortunately a printed raa,t5t^,i,rate is the best we can do. Our mailing costs would more than double to send the newsJi^tjter first class. We only hope that in spite of the slowness that everyone receives the newsletter and that the timing is adequate. When you send us information, bear in mind the fact that once we get the newsletter out it takes 4-t6 weeks for delivery in the'U.'S. drid 6-8 weeks in Europe and Latin America.

Quite a few of you sent responses to the questionnaire which are published in this issue. W^' hope the directory is useful,'" '^

The deadline fpr the, next i'^sue is'A^ril 30, 1979 iii- The next issue will be mailed Ift'early May 1979.

''' "i: )•) t to 1 . U ;

i - ' - :"j -.U-:-!:

COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVEiS JXf'H;; .CONFERENCE REPORTS. ,,""'Tl

i ; Co-editors: ., , , NIO Youth Conference on th e Mass Media ' ~ r'—y : r~ . Fried Fejes Eileen Meeham -; The International Youth pr:ganizati9ii for a Thotaas Guback (Jennifer Slack .;^ ,; New International Inforpiation Order-NIO Janet Wasko (Temple University), Youth-who have theiip, headgi^arters in Amster- Secretari'^kV* ' Marvene Blkckkorfe, Kay Turner dam, held a conferencie, ji.in.;fCopenhagen December Please addressr.all correspondence to: .7^10 on the topic "Mass >Je,dia in Europe and -af New International Opd^p,-" Among the 58 COMMUNICAXKW PERSPECTIVES UK!: participants representing 11 countries were Institi.\te| off ^Communications Research journalists, journalism students and commu- 222B Armor;y, .,./ nication researchers. Only three people, Uniyi^r,Siit,^f,of; Illinois ' . though, represented developing countries.

Champaign, lil. 61820 , J' \- ^'"[\ Thit Qonference took as ^ts -|Starting point U'S.fA. .

• fche.^recent UNESCO General Conf e;rer^p.e in

• '.•• n . 1 f - 2 -

Paris when the Interim Report of the Commis- quantitative and qualitative imbalances sion for the Study of Communication Problems within the mass media, and the new inter- (the Sean MacBrlde Commission) was presented national information order as part of the and where the Draft Declaration on the Mass New Economic Order. Media was agreed upon. In conclusion members of the conference The first speaker at the NIO Youth Confer- agreed upon the necessity of suggesting to ence was Gunnar Naesselund, former director the MacBrlde Commission that in its deliber- of the Department of Mass Communication in ations it pay more attention to the idea UNESCO. Naesselund reviewed the history of that a New Information Order must necessarily the discussion and debate on mass media and be seen as an inseparable part of a New Eco- international communication that has oc- nomic Order. Also the Commission should be curred within the context of UNESCO urged to consider the content of news as activities. equally important as the quantity of news flow He was followed by Torben Krogh, editor of so that the solution to the problems of the Danish dally "Socialistlk Dagblad." He the New Information Order is not merely seen discussed the role of transnational news as a correction of quantitative Imbalances. agencies, illustrating his talk with data Furthermore it was suggested at the confer- that showed the bias in the flow of world ence that every participant should take information. steps to widen the understanding of the need Afterwards Joe Wadda, Information Officer for a New Information Order as well as work to publicize and the goal of for the UN Development Program gave a pres- realize a more entation entitled "Global News Dissemination balanced news content. and the Flow of Information in the World." Susanne Lautrop, Denmark The next day Phil Harris, communication researcher presently working for InterPress FORTHCOMING EVENTS Service in Rome, spoke on alternative press CALL FOR PAPERS. The Seventh Annual Tele- agencies. He discussed the activities of communications Policy Research Conference the Non-Alllgned News Pool and the Inter- (tentatively scheduled for the beginning of Press Service. May, 1979) is now being planned. The con- He was followed by Kaarle Nordenstreng of ference brings researchers from a variety of Tampere University, Finland. Nordenstreng disciplines together with policy makers from discussed the hidden interests that were in- several branches of government. Those en- volved in the formulation of the UNESCO gaged in research which (1) has implications Draft Declaration on the Mass Media. He for telecommunications policy, and (2) will noted how broader economic and political be completed by early spring; are invited to submit brief changes have contributed to the change in a description of their work. perspectives among the industrial countries If a paper is selected for presentation at the of the West. While they are wlthdravjlng conference, the author will be reim- bursed for their attention from the content of the travel and conference living ex- media as well as from the political differ- penses if no alternative source of funding is available. ence between developed and developing coun- Please send abstracts as soon tries, industrial countries have now taken as possible to: TPRC Organizing Committee: the position of giving technical assistance c/o John C. Panzar; Bell Laboratories, for infrastructures In the developing coun- Murray Hill, N.J. 07974. tries. The global village theory is appear- The International Peace Research Association ing again. has announced that it will form a commission on Tapio Varls from Tampere University gave the communication at its next General Confer- final presentation of the conference, talk- ence, August 19-23, in Konigstein, Federal ing about the problems of satellites and Republic of Germany. Tapio Varls and Dr. their relationship to the process of detente. Misra will act as convenors. All IPRA members are encouraged to suggest themes, pa- In the working groups the following topics pers, and people to be invited. For more were discussed: the role of the state with- Information, write: Tapio Varls, Tammirln- in the mass media, the problem of teentle, 01760, Vantaa 76, Finland. '

"devoted to aritioaZ perspectives on mass oornmunications"

't;;'

••'<

VOL. I, NO. 2 FEBRUARY 1979

. 'V J.I .•;. [-lO

. . r

Thte response -, to. COMMUKflGATION PERSPECTIVES by rdddets has been encouraging. We have received many le^ttfers; expressing ittoe belief that "the newsletter can 'fill a very important gap in coBimunic^t,i,o.n between researchers dn doiiimunication.;i We wish we could answer all of your wonderfjul Letters personally, bub we t'eally can' t without turning into full-time' editors. In addition to encouragement we have, ,^lso- received lots of information and a few book reviews for this newsletter. Keep the information comingv Finally, we have received quite a bit of money - enough to pay the postagp f or, a couple of issues. We would like to avoid the restrictions involved in charging a subscription for the newsletter. But the support we hkve here is minimal - tnough extremely helpful. So if you can contribute, -, something—and haven't yet—please do. Send c,i;iecks; made out to COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES. Your contributions— of all varieties—will keep the newsletter viable.

The mail is excruciatingly slow. We know. For a time we were worried if anyone was actually going to get the newsletter at all.' Unfdrturiately a printed matter rate is the best we can do. Our mailing costs would more than cJpuble to send ,the newsletter first class. We only hope- that in spite of the slowness that everyone receives (the newsletter -and that the timing is adequate. When! you send us infornjationi bear in mind the fact that bnce we get the newsletter out it tak&s 4-^6 weeks for delivery- in the U.S. and 6-8 weeks in Europe and Latin America. "• "' ..,,,, ^ ^, ,' "<-'

Quite a few of you sent responses to the questiqijhBijre, which are published in this. j[;S sue. .,:

' ' We is . • . .. ,, hope the directory useful. . , r.,

The deadline for 'the next issue is April 30, 1979_

The next issue will be mailed in early May -1979.

) 1 '. -T-rr~Xxvrr^ '"*'• vn-' COMMUNICATION PEliSPteCtlVE'S ^" 'conference reports

1 I 1 V . "''''"' Co-editors: J NIG 'Youth Conference on the Mass Media "V'r.-T.;) ..-A- Srv.^X^'^" Fred Fejes EiJ-.^piJ^-.Me^Han ';.,'• The International Youth Organization for.,^., , Thomas Guback Jennifer Slack Information Order-1^ JOjr) ,, New International i Janet Wasko (Temple University) Youth-who have'tlheir headquarters in Amster- Secretaries: ''mi'vene Blackmore, Kay Turner dam, held a conference in Copenhagen December ''7'- 10 on the topic "Mass fMedia in Eiirbpe and Please address i^ll cforrespotldence to: '

'' na New International Order." Among the 58 '', COMMUNICATION ' l^'EfR:^FBCT IVe'^ participants representing 11 countries were Institute of CoTittiunicati,ons Research "^'^ jour^allists, journalism students and commu- 222B Armory '' .1.'^;/ nication researchers. Only three people, ., University of lliiiiof^' though, represented developing countries. Champaign, 111. "61820 U.S.A. ivr ' The, Conference took as its starting point the recent UNESCO General Conference in - 2 -

Paris when the Interim Report of the Coiranis- quantitative and qualitative imbalances slon for the Study of Communication Problems V7ithin the mass media, and the new inter- (the Sean MacBride Commission) was presented national information order as part of the and where the Draft Declaration on the Mass New Economic Order. Media was agreed upon. In conclusion members of the conference The first speaker at the NIO Youth Confer- agreed upon the necessity of suggesting to ence was Gunnar Naesselund, former director the MacBride Commission that in its deliber- of the Department of Mass Communication In ations it pay more attention to the idea UNESCO. Naesselund reviewed the history of that a New Information Order must necessarily the discussion and debate on mass media and be seen as an inseparable part of a New Eco- international communication that has oc- nomic Order. Also the Commission should be curred within the context of UNESCO urged to consider the content of news as activities. equally important as the quantity of news flow so that the solution to problems of He was followed by Torben Krogh, editor of the the New Information Order is not the Danish dally "Socialistlk Dagblad." He merely seen as correction of Imbalances. discussed the role of transnational news a quantitative agencies, illustrating his talk with data Furthermore it was suggested at the confer- that showed the bias in the flow of vrorld ence that every participant should take information. steps to widen the understanding of the need for a New Information Order as well as work Afterwards Joe Wadda, Information Officer to publicize and realize the goal of a more for the UN Development Program gave a pres- balanced news content. entation entitled "Global News Dissemination and the Flow of Information in the World." Susanne Lautrop, Denmark The next day Phil Harris, communication researcher presently working for InterPress FORTHCOMING EVENTS Service in Rome, spoke on alternative press CALL FOR PAPERS. The Seventh Annual Tele- agencies. He discussed the activities of communications Policy Research Conference the Non-Alligned News Pool and the Inter- (tentatively scheduled for the beginning of Press Service. May, 1979) is now being planned. The con- He was followed by Kaarle Nordenstreng of ference brings researchers from a variety of Tampere University, Finland. Nordenstreng disciplines together with policy makers from several discussed the hidden interests that were in- branches of government. Those en- volved in the formulation of the UNESCO gaged in research which (1) has implications for Draft Declaration on the Mass Media. He telecommunications policy, and (2) will be completed noted how broader economic and political by early spring; are invited to submit a brief description of work. changes have contributed to the change in their If a paper is selected for presentation at perspectives among the industrial countries the conference, the author will be reim- of the West. While they are withdravjing bursed for travel and conference living ex- their attention from the content of the penses if no alternative source of funding media as well as from the political differ- is available. Please send abstracts as soon ence between developed and developing countries, industrial countries have now taken as possible to: TPRC Organizing Committee: c/o John C. the position of giving technical assistance Panzar; Bell Laboratories, for Infrastructures in the developing coun- Murray Hill, N.J. 07974. tries. The global village theory is appear- The International Peace Research Association ing again. has announced that it will form a commission on Taplo Varls from Tampere University gave the communication at its next General Confer- final presentation of the conference, talk- ence, August 19-23, in Konigsteln, Federal ing about the problems of satellites and Republic of Germany. Taplo Varls and Dr. convenors. their relationship to the process of d4tente. Misra will act as All IPRA members are encouraged to suggest themes, pa- In the working groups the following topics pers, and people to be Invited. For more were discussed: the role of the state with- information, write: Taplo Varls, Tammirin- in the mass media, the problem of teentie, 01760, Vantaa 76, Finland. ,. ,

- 3 -

A number of left media people and organiza- International Association For Mass Communi- tions ar6" organizing "The U.S. 'Conference ,',' cation Research (lAMCR) at the University of for an Alternative Cinema" to be held in Illinois on March 30, 31 and April 1, 1979. early June in the New York city area. Among The general topic for papers is the political the organizers of the conference are Petet>' economy of information, but related topics

Biskind, editor of Seven Days ; Ralph Torii'fes, are also invited. The conference is to be filmmaker and Third World Newsreel member; relatively informal with emphasis on good

and Gary Crowdus, editor of Cineaste . The discussion and debate. You need not be a conference is planned to be an~,intensive member of lAMCR to attend. If you plan to ~ five day meeting, bringing together people __ attend, please contact Jennifer Slack, In- actively involved in the production, dis- stitute of Communications Research, 222B tribution, use, and criticism of films and Armory Building, University of Illinois, videotapes. The conference's primary con'- Champ -ign, Illinois 61820, USA. . The phone cern is to address social issues and con- ' number is (217) 333-1549. cerns rather than entertainment or personal expressions and will consist of workshops ME'I m CURRENT JOURNALS AND HEWSLETTERS screenings and panel discussions on areas of The following is a list of new and current practical and theoretical concern to those journals and newsletters which have been 'engaged in the development of an alternative suggested to us as being pertinent to criti- cinema in the United States. For more in- researchers. It also formation write: Alernative Cinema Confer- cal' communication serves as a guide to possible places for the ence c/o Cineaste, 333 Sixth Avenue, New submission of articles dealing with comniuni- York, New York 10014, USA. cation from ^ .critical perspective. De- The 1979 Ohio University Film Conference scriptions j^re based on infornation avail- will be held at the Ohio Univetsity Campus able to us. For rnbre detailed information, In Athens, Ohio April 25-29. Five panels write directly to the journal. .have been organized on the following topics: Also, pler.se let us know of other journals Third World films (chaired by Julianne we can suggest in future issues. If possi-

Burton) , feminist cinema (Marilyn Campbell) ble, please include title, address and a

politics and narrative form (Nick Bro^-me) , brief description of the journal. European filmmaking (Peter Lehman) and TRANET newsletter-directory: C/O Karen politics and the American cinema (Lehman) Paulsell, 2768 22-.d St., San Francisco, A special session on the relationship be- California 94110, USA. tween avant-garde and commetcial film is

. This newsletter-directory aims to establish also planned. Stephen Heath will chair this a TRANET (Tr-nnsnaticnal ITctwcrk For Appro- discussion between selected scholars and ex- priate/Alternative Technologies) , and to perimental filmmakers. None, of the panels promote dialogue between alternative tech- or screenings will be scheduled concurrently. . confer- For nology centers. Relevant papers, further information, write to: Lynne . publications, and people arc featuredt Goddard, Conference Coordinator, Ohio Uni- ences, versity Film Conference, P.O. Box 388, M.S. A.' Newsletter Bcilletin of the Media Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. Studies Asspciation: Forster Building, Sunder i?.nQ Polytechnic, Sundt^riand SRI 33D, The Third-World Moving Imagefe Project has Great Britain. announced that: Harold D. Weaver, Jr., will Distributed to me~.bsr3 of the Madia Studies be available for lectures/film screenings on

' Association, this newsletter addresses is- the west coast of the US from April 30th to ' sues of Importance to the group. The Jan- May 12th. Weaver is an authority on African uary 1979 issue, for excT.ple, includes de- cinema and Paul Robeson; his interests in- tailed reports of the last two conferences clude Black culture, education, film, and held by the^ association on the issue of politics. For further information or sched- Media Studies in schools and colleges and uling, contact: D.J. Goudreau, Third-World the issue 'of Media control. Also include Moving Images Project, P.O. Box 119, Amherst, conference and publication information. Massachusetts 01002, USA..

Marxist Perspectives : The Cliomar Corpora- There will be ai working of conference the . •' ,tion/MP, 420 West End Avenue, New York, New Political Economy Section of The ' York 10024 i USA. . ' ' . _

'- 4 -

" Marxist PcrspGctives emphasizes three ob- sending ,lis a copy of the publicatioti 6t' a'

. jectivec? Our determination to revitali^'6 publication announcement you Include infor-

' Marxist th'^-^CU't -and to replace dbgmatlsfn mation, about where to order and the price.) a healthy Bbse with respect; for . evidence and George Brightbill, Documents Librarian at of :-S.lcepti

open , our pages, to all honest voices tWat en- Street,' N.'W., Washington, D.C. 20036- $4.00 gage the igreat li-sues In a constructive way." per copy (4th Class postage paid) or $3^20

t ,. The Journal of Community Communications for more thati 10 copies.) . Sandy Emerson, pditor, C/0 Village Pegigrtjsi The 178-page volume lists and providess,.

P.O. Bo-x 998, Berkeley, Calif. 94703, USA. ! sources for over 1,100 Congressional hear- This iS; a forum for the exchange of notes' ings which h^'i/e focussed on the topic of and theories on community informatiott' sys-' "communications" from 1870 through X976. jtecis V7l;iich ajE seen as being "non-hierar- Included 'ar^' appropriation hearings for chical,." "This implies that people's access those Pêdferdl agencies dealing with communi- to information is less monitored, mediated cations, îs Well as all hearings dealing and controlled than when information is with censorship and obscenity. Excluded, dlssînated from a 'higher^ authority." however, are neM'spaper, magazine and book They, invite letters, articles, art ^nd publishing (except under other topics, such

• military coniiiiunl- . i^ i and . etc.) , '_[ as "ob?C.enity," poetry., . ; catiot^s prior to 1970. Titles are listed ' ' Chanba Nptes :, St . Clair Bourne, Publisher, chronolpglqally, with brief annotations pro- P.O. Box 1231, Hollyx.7ood, Calif ..90023, US4. vided for, ^ose, titles which are not self-

An int'erilational nev/sletter :abqut Black .; : exp^lanatory': thus, offering an Interesting fil±3J film-maker^' anjd relevant, levents overview of Congressional Involvement in the Socialict P.eview ; News Fronts Publishing var^OuSj .areas of communications over Co., 4228 Telegraph Ave,, Oakland, Calif. years. While, only committee hearings are volume, Brightbill is pre- 94609, USA. , Included in this " bibliography listing Con- i further Socialist Review brings togeth^v. J^ wide paring- a rfeiig'c?' 'of both left activists and left theo- gressional reports, documents and committee

: frosr xijorld to discuss prints. , , rists^ around the : ,, j I changes iti American political developments- Marxism and the 'Mag^ Media; towards a basic We demand-' bf 'our articles that they be in-,, bibliography Is back in print. Those fa- formed by 'the latest developmepts, in Marxist miliar witih this book knov7 that it is an and other theoretical "Work, tftat they be indispensable reference; source for those freed, fropi saQtariati polemics,' and that they doing critical research. It is an annotated pose their, positions in terms of contempo-' bibliography of nymerous articles dealing raiy conditions aad-possibilftles. " ' '; I with media industries, cultural imperialism,

International Development Review ; Palazzo;'; and Marxist approaches, to culture and the

Civilta del 'Lavor'o, EtJR,'^ , I ta ,;Eo orjier write: International 00144 Rome ly , a mass iiedla.

. USA. . New York, NY 10013, and'-i346 Connecticut Avenue, N..W,. , ,; General," pd:^ ^50,

. . $,i50,,postage) Washington, D.C. 20036', USA. j/ , (Price $5f,90,.plus A quarterly Journa'l of. the Society for Inr; CommXinicatioh and Class Struggle vol. 1. ed.

ternational Deveibpmeht (Sip) . ''Welcomes , , ; by Armand Mattelart and Seth Slegelaub. articles oi^ Wed la' in development, e|S,pecialily Thlsl volume' Is a marxist anthology of writ- . ' ., from; iThird'iWbrld writers.'" ', ings on communications, information and •:.:.: i ' - < . "'''"" analyze the ' ''' "' culture. Its purpose is to

PUBLICATIOriS' TD MOTE ' relationship between thp practice and theory (We are ver^'happy to list all publications of communication and their development with- which you send us.' However, we ask that in in the context of the class struggle. The ,

- 5 - first volume, entitled Capitalism,, Imperial- of raising money for the initial publication isin, provides the basic rnarxist theory es- costs of this book and welcomes contribu- sential to an analysis of the communication tions, no matter how large or small. To process and studies the formation of the send contributions and for information about capitalist ccmmunication apparatus, ideology, the book write: Independent Publishing Fund and:"mass" culture. It contains 64 articles of the Americas P.O. Box 3080, Grand Central and more than one-third are published for Station, New York, MY 10017 USA. the first tine in English and some texts The existence of two left-oriented publica- appear for the first time in any language. tion distribution services has been brought A second volume, entitled Liberation , to our attention by one of our readers. We SocisiIs^Gu'- , is slated for publication this were unable to get detailed information from yea?> , I'or order information write: Inter- them regarding their services but you could national -.GanGral, POU 350, New York, NY contacting 10013, USA. (Price for the first volume be put on their mailing lists by them. "New York Zoctrope," 31 East 12 St. $14. 95 I plus $.50 postage) New York, NY 10003, USA and "Carrier

Perspectives in Communication Policy and Pigeon," 88 Fisher Ave. , Boston, Mass.

Planning , edited by Syed A. Rahim and John 02120, USA. Carrier Pigeon does not take Middleton (East-West Center Communication orders from outside the United States. New

Monograph Numbet -Sj Sept. 1977) . Acollec- York Zoetrope handles a large number of ticn of fourteen. Assays dealing with the books dealing with film and television in rcle of communication policy 'and planning particular. Carrier Pigeon doesn't really ' in nati&n^l development.' iAmong the coun- focus on media but has an occasional rele- tries aiTjd,, rssi<>5is examined are Bangl?deshi vant book to offer. Indonesia, Canada, United iStates (Hawaii), Singapore, th« Philippines,-; and Latin PAPERS TO HOTE America. Among the authors- laire Syed A.

Raquel Salinas, ''Communication Policies. . Rahim, William M-^lody, Luis Beltran, Ithlel (Institute of. de Sola Pool, and Edwin Parker.- Order from The Case of Latin America." Stockholm, Research Ea^5:-We3t Connunication Institute, 1777 Latin American Studies, May analysis and East-West Ccad, Honolulu, Hawaii 96848. Paper number 9, 1978) An discussion of the development of national (No pi- ic:a.: given) communication policies in the context of the ' Juan Sargurevich., .Introducion a la Historia New International Information Order. Analy- de losTIedioG dd Comunicacion en el Peru ses the 1976 San Jose Conference and ('217 pagfes, 1911) Presents a critical over- Venezuelan attempts to formulate a national, view of the numerous changes that have oc- broadcasting policy. To order write: curred in fcass communications (newspapers, Latinamerika-Institutet i Stockholm, Fack radio and television) in Peru since 1968. S-102 30, Stockhcxm Sweden. 12 page bibliography. For ordering- infor- Liation write author: Juan Gavguervich, Raquel Salinas, "National Culture in Peri- pheral Prolcngacion Arenales 183, San- Isidro^ Societies: Promise or Reality." Al-' " though the goal of national communication' Lima; 27,: Peru. ,,ni i- • policies is to foster the development of The Independent Publishing Fund of the Amer- national cultures, so far very little atten- icas (t?FA) in conjunction with Vanguard tion has been directed toward a critical Books is planning to publish Harlan County examination of the concept of national cul- U.S.A. -'The Story Behind the Academy Award- ture. This paper attempts to analyze that Winning r'iln by Lynda Ann Ewen, Far from concept in the context of dependency rela- simply restating the events pictured in the tionships. See above for ordering film, Ms. Ewen will investigate and explain information. other pressing issues faced by America's miners a:nd by the entire American labor PROJECTS movement: non-union Western coal, recent Independent Publishing Fund of the Americas developments within the UNWA, the effects of The IPFA states that its purpose is "To the Taft-Hartley Act,^ the threat of right- . sponsor the publication of books and related wing' anti-union violcp-ce, and the role of publications dealing with critical, new. women workers. The IP .A is in the process ;

o -

iiaportaiit, and ccntroversial questions in place world wide." Send material to Dallas the social sciences, physical and natural Syrathe at the above address. sciences, arts iind letters; to undertake Instituto Latinoamerlcano activities to encourage and support efforts de Estudios Transnacionales to study, research and investigate inportant (ILET) Raul questions facing society with the purpose of Trajtenberg, Director of the Division of ensuring the publication of these findings- Economic Studies, ILET, is interested in establishing to sponsb'r the transletion and publication relations with other institutes'.'' and research centers concerned with the ac-''-" of importaht x-'orks from |:he United States ' ' and other countries that fall within the cumulation model presently predominant in dependent countries. Exchanges of range of ir.ter9St;s of,, th^q: association.'" publications as well as other forms of cooperation f The Fund is' based on meTnbership and pub- -• may be arranged by writing, Trajtenberg, ^i lish'c^g a 'nG--;;3letter. It hopes, to provide an to Apartado ...:<: alternative to "commercial publishers and to care of ILET, 85-025, ftexico ZOj D.F. A list of publications is available-:, ensure the. publication of books with a .

' "socicil-Ghpngc orientation." For informa- from ILET. : : .i-.u' tion, V7rit!e: IPFA, P.O. Box 3080, Grand '" ' '. ALAIC > Central St^ation,. -New Ybrky ' 'TdY 10017, USA. The Latin American Association of Communica- The Clearing House on. Transnational Adver- tising, KasG Media Transnational Activities, tion Researchers (Asociacion Latinoametlcana de Investigadores de la Comunicaci6n, ALAIC)

International Propaganda^, etc. ; was recently created in Caracas, November As noted in the last issue, of Communication Perspectives the Clearing House has been set ISth, in a taeeting attended by representatives of: The Venezuelan Association of. up to collect' apvl diss.^minate information

"Communication Researchers (AVIC) ; The Bra- and basic dat:i on the. operations of trans- ' national 'msdla conglonerates. The Clearing ' silean Association for Communication Re- search and Training", .The Colombian Associa- House h'ais issued its first inventory of tion of Communication The -r.' material v:hich is available by writing to Researchers; National Council for Research and Training r>' Dallas' 'Sray the, Departnent of Communications,' • Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British in Communication Sciences, of Mexico; The 'r Latin American Federation of Journalists Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6. Besides rdissemi'- (FELAP) • The Latin American Association- of nating such material, the Clearing House Development Journalists (ALACODE) ; The In- actively encourages communication researchers stitute for Communication Research (ININCO) - and other individuals involved Iri the media " ' to s£^d-,TnatQricl ibc the Clearing House. As of the Central University of Venezuela: The Latin American Institute for Transnational S^mthe 5,tates '!,-. .while the flood of infor- Studies (ILET); The International Center ... mation aboji.t itranstiatlonal commuiiicatiohs - for Higher Studies of Journalism in Latin is 3.11^ tiTound usj-^ws h' vfei not yet cultivated the habd.t-of observing familiar things in 'America

a/i'

,i;.-l>jr>J •nr .,r(i rl!: c:-d d-icj. '-^''.on-nrhiTig proccsr;e3 on theje mat- (Notes Towards an Investigation) ' and uses ters at the local, regional and interna- the notion of 'I.S.A. ' to ground his own tional level. treatment of television as an institution and as a set of representational or signi- The headquarters of /iAIC will be in Caracac, fying practices. Kis own gloss on just what at ININCO. Thuj, contf.cts i?.ay be establish- an I.S.A. does is that they "function pri- ing by writing to; Luis Anibal Gdnec, Pres- marily by the 'packaging' of consciousness idsnt ALAIC, Institute de Investigaciones de in ways congenial to the maintenance la Comunicacion (ININC3), Avenida El Bosque of the existing relations of production in Vio 13, La Florida, CaiTacas, Venezuela. the economic base.'' By subsequently examining specific programme forms and popular BOOK KEVIEl! historical drama series (including Days of - Colin M -LcATthur, Television :.d History , Hope - a four-part account of aspects of Brir ish F :'lm Injtitute Television Monograph worki-ag class history from the Great War to Nuii-ber G, 1978. the General Strike which caused controversy due to its radical interpretation of events This nGnDS~s.ph attempts to relate certain combined with a documentary naturalism of practices cf history-writing to certain narrative style) MacArthur develops his practic33 of television production, and to position. He shows how the use of particu- do so within a largely Althusserian perspec- lar techniques of characterization, narrative en ideological production, particularly tion and visual rhetoric work to 'close-off that part of such production concerned with television's perspectives on history to a the 'construction of the past'. Its central cpoctruTu of permitted pluraliuy. thesis is thiit: "the dominant practices in British historiography and in British tele- Seeking forms of television oppositional to vision p'jcduction •- through thei": subscrip- those he describes, MacArthur develops the tion to tha crapirical philosophical notion of 'progressive realism', a strategy po^itiorx - are highly congenial to the which he sees as at least partly manifest in maintenance of the socio-economic status q uo the Da\s of Hope series. Such a strategy and that, ir. so far as the practice of tele- xrould have to provide 'an appropriate mix of hictcry has an sicplicit theory, it too is r-athods and techniques designed to fore- similarly congenial." ground conceptual issues and provoke reflection' ana it is in discussing the By tele-history. MacAr'hur wishes to indi- possibilities for ouch a 'mix' that the cate a ranje of television productions from author connects with a debate (specifically 'history prograaiios' through 'historical as developed in the British filn journal reconstructions' to 'historical dramn' (that Screen )^ about narrative realism and the is, frc,:n the ccnventionally factual to the politics of representation in film and tele- conventionally fictio.-.al) all of which, he vision. argues, enploy a simixur approach to the 'historical'. This approach is based on Unlike some contributors to that debate, that "received practice and aesthetic con- MacArthur does not wish to write-off 'real- ;ntijn 'rhcreo". .experiential phenomena ism' as an irredeemably u.nprcgressive mode are given prirr.acy over equally real, but not of representation. He notes with disap- directly observable, deep structures." proval "a tendency among those seeking al- /jiong these 'deep structures', KacArthur ternatives to the dominant bourgeois forms would cev.trally locate class and mode of and practices to reject out of hand the production. whole catalogue of techniques and effects of bourgeois art and pose radical alterna- It may be clear from the above that the tives en a one-to-one basis." monograph engages \

DIRECTORY Istlcs and Communications. University of Salzburg, Sigmund-Haffner-Gasse 18/III, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Interests: Communicator Following are the names and inforraaclon sent to us by a analysis, communication policy, communication theory. Projects: nui^er of our readers in response to our questionnaire In Video and workers: A project of action-research; Content analysis of Austrian the last issue of Communication Perspectives . newspapers, radio and television; Activities of transnational corporations in Austria. James Aronson. Prof, of Communications, Hunter College, Interests: The Box 42, 695 Parlf Ave. , NY, NY. 10021, USA. Fred Fejes. Research Assist. /PhD Candidate. Institute of Anierldan tiewipaper, consent, policy and economic status. Communications Research, 222B Armory, University of Illi- Projects: Leaving for China Feb. 1, 1979, for six months of nois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Interests: Political Economy 'io help organize and set curriculum for a new Institute of Mass Communications, Latin American Mass Communica- ffdumallsm in Peking. Classes and program in English to tions. Projects: Multinational Advertising Agencies in train Journalists for work abroad and on English-language Latin America, Short wave broadcasting in Western Hem- publications in Chlca. Address there: Institute of Jour- isphere, Venezuelan broadcasting. ' nalism. Box 8811, Peking, People's Republic of China. Re- turning to Hunter Septenter, 1979. Margaret Gallagher. Lecturer in Media Research Methods. Institute of Educational Technology, Open University, 8111 Barlow. Chairperson. Communications Program, Mt. DC Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, England. Interests: Educational Washington, , Vern<>n College. 2100 Foxhill Rd. , NW, media; professionalism in broadcasting; transfer of com- 20007, USA. Interests: Mass Communications and Cylture. munication technology. Projects: Study of women and the Projiects: New Wor'ld Information Order, Chicago Blues Tra- m^ss media; effectiveness of educational media programs. 'I'-i.- dition. '

Morten Gierslng. Assoc. Prof. Bakkedal 26, 29oo Dr. John Beale. Senior Lecturer in Communication. Dept. Hellrup, Denmark. Interests: Television, - Intematlon- of Communication and European Studies, Brigjiton Polytech- al' development, impact on social structures, analysis of nic, Brighton, E-Sussex, England. Intersts: Philosophy programms. New Media (View Data, Satelite TV). Media of Conmiunlcatlon, Mass Media, Aesthetics. Projects: In- Imperialism. Advertising. Projects: Writing a book on tentions' in Communication, Pathology of Communication, ' television in USA; project on the consequences of the new Philosophy of' Humour. media; preparing project on the social significance of advertising. Gabriel Cohn. Professor of Sociology. University of Sao Pawlo, Brazil. Dhlyersidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de ' Doug Goldschmidt. Independent Consultant. 770 Bay St., Filospfla, Letras e 'Clencias Humanas, CP 8105, Sao Paulo, San Francisco, , CA 94109, USA. Interests: Political- SP, "Brasil. Interests: Theory of ideology and of the so- . economics of transfer of communications technology from cial ptodtictlon of meaning, mainly from a Marxist stand- industrialized countries to LDCs, relation of communica- point. ' Projedts': Study of the internal linkages in the tions industry structure to performance in U.S., U.S. media system of contemporary Brazil, as seen through the communications industry history, uses and abuses of com- structure and activities of the ;adyertising Industry. Fo- mxmications technology in economic development. Projects: cus of the analysis: the institutional setting for the UNESCO studies on communications technology transfer, re- prodijction of ide;olagy. [Planned research; subject to search on the relation of rural telephone systems to change . political-economic development (in cooperation with the 'ITU), uses of cost effectiveness analysis in evaluating John Richard Corner. Lecturer in Mass Communications. ' communications investments, critique of "information so- Sunderland Polytechnic. 2,Ashmore St., Sunderland, SR2 7DD, ciety" literature. England. Interests: History of Mass Communications in Bri- tain, Cultural Policy and Social Change, Broadcasting and Bob Gottlieb. Journalist. 1528 Yale St. ill, Santa the Documentary Mode, Relation between communlcational Monica, CA 90404, USA. Projects: The economic structure forna and the question of 'effects'. Projects: 'Code and of the entertainment Industry. Profiles of the major Cultural Analysis' - an examination of how linguistically- Hollywood studios. informed research has been brought to bear on the study of media forms, specifically with the use of 'code' and other- Lawrence Grossberg. Assist. Prof. Depc. of Speech Commun- semiotlc and structuralist concepts. The paper notes some^ ication, 244 Lincoln Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, problems wdth this approach, not least its difficulty in IL 61801, USA. Interests: Cultural Studies — Philosophy, connecting with previous materialist perspectives. - Criticism, Marxism. Projects: Towards a Radical Philoso- phy of Communication and Culture. Venicio Artur de Lima. Assistant Prof, at the Univeristy of Brpsilia, D.F., Brazil.* 1829-D Orchard, Urbana, XL Ebbe Grunwald. Assoc. Prof. School of Journalism, 61801, USA. Permanent Address: Communications Dept., Halmstadgade 11, 8200 Arhus N, Denmark. Interests: Lan- OnB, Brasilia, D.F., Brazil. Interests: Critical Commun- guage in the mass media. Projects: Developments and ications Theory, esp. Jurgen Habermas. Projects: Paulo trends in the journalistic art of writing. Freire's ideas on compwuicatlons and culture. *Currently graduate student at the , University of Illinois, Urbana. Michael Gure-vltch. Faculty of Social Science, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, England. Inter- Robert Dunn. Assist. Prof.' of Sociology, California St. ests: Political Communication; Social networks. University, Hayward. 2816 Webster St., Berkeley, CA 94705. U.S.A. Interests: Social theory, critical theory, mass Jukka Haapasalo. Senior Researcher. Finnish Broadcasting culture, television; Projects: Recently completed paper Company, PL95, 00251 Helsinki 25, Finland. Interests: "Science, Tecfinique & Bureaucratic Domination: Television Mass Culture, Societal Place of Mass Communications. Pro- and the Ideology of Scientism. " Working on theory of tel- jects: Introduction to Mass Culture; Secondary Analysis of evision and idedlogy; also trends in television advertis- Consumption of Mass Communications. ing.

Simon R. Hartog. Research Fellow. Goldsmiths College, Jan Ekecrantz. Lecturer. Sociological Institute, Univer- University of London. 49 Bonham Road, London SW2 5HW, sity of Stockholm, S-16191 Stockholm, Sweden. Interests: England. Irtterests: Film industry. Media and cultural Macro-sociology/political economy of communication and policy, specially Africa. Projects: A Short History of knowledge/information/ideology production. Projects: the (British) Films Acts. "Technology and Ideology In Communications'' ("forthcoming of - in Swedish) : theoretical and empirical studies book Alf Holter. Scholar Student. Skovsvinget 4A, DK-28oo news production. State i ideology, knowlefl'g* & social Lyngby, Denmark. Interests: Cultural aspects of mass- Information technologies, etc. (•some pre- structure, new communication, especially radio and television. The com- liminary parts, in English drafts). mercial and non-commercial influence on national and local broadcasting. Local and community broadcasting esp. tv. Haua Heinz Fabrla. Assist. Prof. Instlfutc for Publlc- . .

International, national and local tv-drama production. Jrfm Miller. Cand. Phil. Amager Boulevard 123, st, DK Projects: American tv-drama 1949-1977 with emphasis on the 23oo S, Copenhagen, Denmark. Interests: Public sphere aesthetic consequenses of commercialized production circum- theory. Projects: State investments in mass communication stances and broadcasting. systems and their influence on political participation in Denmark. Wulf D. Hund. Dozent. Hochschule fUr Wlrtschaft und Polltlk, Von-Melle-Park 9, 2ooo Hamburg 13, FRG. Inter- Bill Nichols. Director, Film Studies Dept. Queen's Univer- ests: theory of communication, theory of culture, history sity, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. Interests: ethno- of the working class. Projects: Der Begrlff der Arbeit graphic and documentary film, ideology and the fabrication Im hlstorlsch-dlalektlschen Materlallsmus und seine of Images, narrative. Projects: Current cinema— economic/ elne arbeltsanalytlsche Gesellschaftswlssen- Bedeutung fUr marketing changes in Hollywood ethnographic film and Marx- chaf t ist film theory ideology and the image—book project. Katsh. Assoc. Prof, of Legal Studies. University of Ethan Andre Paquet. Sec. gen. comite d'Action Clnematographique, Interests: Image Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. 205 est Prince Arthur, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Inter- Influence of communications media on of law on television. ests: Film, economics, esthetics, structures, critical Influence of legal institutions and values. Projects: theory etc. Projects: Selected Bibliography (annotated) coDDiml ions on historical development of law. cat media on writings about Film and Politics and Politics of Film. (IGE pub. S. Siegelaub) Carscen Kyhn. mag. art. (an academic degree between masters DK-25oo Valby, Danmark. of art and Ph.d.) Overbys All^ 19, Karen Paulsell. Student, S.F. State. 2768 22nd. St., San of broadcasting and tele- Interests: Penception/consumpt'oo Francisco, CA 94110, USA. Interests: Communication and media-messages. Communications vision. The "use-value" of development; appropriate technology; International communi- in the working class (especially in and comntunlcationforms cation-data & news; "R&D" for non-hierarchical communica- conflict-situations). Projects: 1. An analysis of the tion networks. Projects: Net-working communicators for message (and form) structure and its consequenses for the Aug. 1979 UN conference on science and technology for de- Corporation), 2. Cul- in DR (Danish Radio and Television velopment; writing a "user's guide" to the 1978 Public tel- tural and programpolicy problems involved with an eventu- ecommunications Financing Act; background research for 1) ally nordic televlslon-satellit , 3. A content analysis a comic book on AM communication history, and 2) where the - (quallflcativ) of Arbelter Illustrierte Zeitung (AIZ) alternative press gets its international news. published in Germany of members of the KPD (also some unorganized 'lefters') from 1925 to 1933. Fernando Perrone. Assoc. Prof. Universite-Parls-Nord. 34 Rue Mouffetard, 75005 Paris, France. Permanent address; Starupvej Susonne I.autrop. Journalist. Medlegruppen, 161, Rua Bela Clutra 103apl44-01415 Sao Paulo SP, Brazil. In- 8340 Mailing, Denmark. Interests: I am generally inter- terests: Content Analysis, Cultural Imperialism, Sociol- new ested in subjects concerning the information order, and ogy of Mass Media. Projects: Content analysis as technics related subjects. of detection of ideology - The"0 Estado de Sao Paulo" (a liberal newspaper?) Ben Manschot. Assist, prof, masspsychology University of Weteringschans 102 Amster- Amsterdam. Baschwitz-lnstltuut Dr. Mlroljub Radojkovic. Assist. Prof. Faculty of Politi- masspsychology. dam, Holland. Interests: massculture and cal Science, 1100 Beograd, Jove lllca 165, Yugoslavia. Projects: the Frankfurter theory on mass culture (Adorno, Interests: Contemporary Mass Media Systems, Comparative Horkhelmer cs) ; the influence of tv-f Ictlon on opinions Analysis of Mass Media Systems in Che World. about current affairs.

Dr. Syed A. Rahim. Research Associate and Project Leader. 94110 Francisco J. Martinez. Journalist. 44 Av. Levine, Communication Institute, JAB 2108, 1777 East West Road, Generally interested in ;iass Arcuell, France. Interests: Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Interest: Communication Policy about the Mexican Media, specif icly working on a project and Planning. Project: Communication policy and planning socio-eco. -political on a new television, and an analysis research project of East West Communication Institute. Information order. Juan Gargurevich Regal. Prof, of Journalism at the "Instl- Ellen ^fcCracken. Asst. Prof. Dept. of Comparative Litera- tuto Superior de Periodismo Jaime Bausate y Mesa" - Lima. ture, South College, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Permanent Address: Prolongacidn Arenales 183 - Lima 27 - MA 01003, USA. Interests: Effects of mass media on higji Peru. Interests: History of Mass Media in Latin America. culture; the media in Latin America; mass culture. Pro- Projects: Research on the I.A.P.A. ; Research on the unbal- jects: A study of the Argentine novelist Manuel Puig's ance of the flow of information. Heartbreak Tango as an antidote to traditional "feminine" mass cultural forms in Latin America. Herb Schiller. Prof, of Communication. Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., NY, NY 10021, USA. Permanent address: Uni- Eileen Meehan. Doctoral student. Institute of Communica- versity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92043, USA. tions Research, 222B Armory Bldg. , University of Illinois, Interests: International communications; Political econo- Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Interests: Television: content, my of communications. industry structures, audience perceptions, relationships with other institutions. Projects: Currently engaged in Seth Siegelaub. International Mass Media Research Center research on television violence. (IMMRC). 173 Ave de la Dhuys, F-93170 Bagnolet, France. Interests: Left bibliographic research on communications; James Miller. Assist. Prof, of Communication, Hampshire the publication of Left books on communication. College LC, Amherst, MA 01002, USA. Interests: Interdis- ciplinary theories of human social communications empha- Aubonrat Slriyuvasakdi. Instructor, Department of Mass sizing a cultural perspective on sjrmbolic interaction and Communications, Chulalonokom University. 55/41 Soi Kolit, the social construction of everyday life; critical analysis Phyatai Rd., Bangkok 4, Thailand. Interests: Communica- of mass communications, especially the social control of tion policy, communication and cultural impact, communica- media systems. Including sociological aspects of media pro- tion as a human right. Projects: Communication for Devel- fessions, organizations, and industries and their integra- opment in South Ranosit Area. tion into key political-economic institutions; the historical significance of Industrially produced culture; public Jennifer Slack. Research Assist, and PhD Candidate. In- policy making for the regulation of Celecomraunications; institute of Communications Research, 222B Armory Bldg., Uni- ternational coramunicacions. Projects: Critical study of versity of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Interests: the historical development and performance in broadcast- the relationship between structural aspects of society and related issues of DTP; active undergraduate at an teaching cultural values; the Innovation and development of communi- innovative, liberal arts college; editing a reader critical cation technologies. Projects: the relationship between on social control of mass communications (policy, profes- the structure of patent law and the innovation of communi- sions, economics, etc.) cation technologies . -

10 J»remf Tvmstall. Prof, of Sociology, City University, Television and London ECIV OHB, England. Current address: Communications History (continued from pg. 7)

(D-003) , University of California, San Dlago, CA 92093, USA. Interests: Journalists; occupations; world-wide media. operations. It Is also a useful Introduction to Marxist Projects: The Mass Media In California. research on television as the constructor of 'versions' of reality, focussing as it does on versions called 'history'. Iran Van Dlnh, Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. Dept. of Pan-African Studies, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. In Britain, criticism of MacArthur's book has stemmed Permanent address: 3216 Morrison Street NW, Washington, largely from three different positions. There are those DC, USA. Interests: Cultural Imperialism-Third World critics who find his stress on Ideological operations to I Commnlcatlons. Projects: Non-aligned nxivement and the be an under-estimation of the political economy of tele- New International Information Order. vision as a set of institutions and commodity production routines. This links in with a current debate in Britain Taplo Varis. Director, Taiqiere Peace Research Institute, about the role textual analysis should play in a material- Tamnelanpuistokatu 58 B, 33100 Tampere 10, Finland. Inter- ist approach to mass communications research, a debate re- ests: International relations, peace and security. Pro- sulting in part from the importance of 'cultural studies' jects: satellite communications, new international infor- work to radical media research over here. mation order. Secondly, at least one (marxist) critic has noted that MacArthur's version of 'bourgeois historiography' is too Rafael S. Vasquez S. Prof, of Mass Communication Research. monolithic and does not take account of the internal de- Communication, Central University Research Dep. School of bates and conflicts among non-marxlst historians about of Venezuela. Apartado 62530 Chacao, Caracas DF, Venezue- empirical method and the nature of history as a practice. la. Interests: Theoretical and Research problems of Mass This comment seems justified but has to be set against the ComDunlcation. Projects: Development Theories and Mass role of the monograph as an introductory argument on which Conmunlcation problem. to base debate, a role which requires some boldness of treatment at points in the thesis. Janet Wasko. Instructor, Temple University, Radio-Televi- 2 slon-Fllm Dept., Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. Interests: Thirdly, the Screen journal reviewer criticised the mono- political economy of media; media institutions. Projects: graph for its Althusserianism which, it was argued, led to banks and the film industry; American Marxist critique of a 'functionalist' and 'reductionist' perspective being mass communications adopted. The reviewer argued that such a perspective, despite the important stress on 'relative autonomy'; Mauro Wolf. Prof. D.A.M.S. via Guerrazzi 20, Bologna, "understands history writing and tele-history as nothing Italy. Permanent address: 6964 Davesco, Switzerland. mora than the forms for the expression of an already de- Interests: Sociology of mass communication, semiotics, fined content, forms which lack an effectlvity of their ethnomethodology. Projects: Genres in television (the own." The question of relating notions of the specificity and effectlvity of particular cultural activities to a debate) ; persuasion and mass-communication: some aspects of a theory of manipulation. theory of materialist determination is one which, has exercised many recent radical researchers in Britain and one which has produced a good deal of heated exchange. M. 6 Caolla£. Chairman, Mass Communication Subcommittee, My own summary on MacArthur's work, though, would be that Conradh na Gaellge. 39 B6thar Barton Tholr, Balle Stha it asks the right questions about television as institu- Cliath 14, Ireland.- Interests: Cultural Domination/Depend- tion and form and that it retains a useful if occasionally ency; Cultural/Lingual Minorities. Projects: Organising heavy-handed grip on notions central to any materialist opposition to cultural domination in Ireland; campaigning theory of media operations and this at a time when some for balanced flows of media material; opposing advance of researchers are so energetically in retreat from function- coimerciallsm in broadcasting in Ireland. Conradh na Gaellge alism that they find the very idea of 'determination' too is a nationwide movement with 200 branches engaged in polit- sensitive an issue to engage with directly. ico/cultural activity, particularly in promotion of the John Corner Irish language. Sunderland Polytechnic

Sunderland , England Manjunath Pendakur. Graduate student. Dept. of communication, Simon Fraser University. Bumaby, B.C. V5A 1S6 Canada. Interests: Communications and imperialism; film, tv and ad- ^See issues Vol. 15 No. 2, Vol. 16 No. 4, Vol. 17 No. 1. vertising industries in Canada and India. Projects: Under- 2Screen. Vol. 19 No. 3. development of Canadian cinema and national policy; the myth 'Here, the arguments of P. Hurst regarding a 'necessary of consumer sovereignty in television programming. non-correspondence' between the economic and other practices of the social formation have been widely quoted. ('Althusser and the Theory of Ideology' Economy and Society Vol. 5 No. 4.)

A number of readers have requested our bank account number to facilitate the mailing of contributions. Our account name, number, and bank address follow: Communication Perspectives Savings Account # 32-430-1 Champaign County Bank and Trust Company Urbana, Illinois 61801 U.S.A.

— Il^ 3?'^oP "devoted to aritiaat perspectives orf.,.mass ^oommuni6aizi0is"

dOTw 'Mr fm^E^mm^

VOL. I, NO. 3 JUNE 1979

The mailing list for COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES has grown considerably over the last few months. It is exciting to know that the information contained within the pages of this newsletter circulate to over 300 communication researchers throughout the world. For those of you who are new readers, we would like to reiterate that COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES is devoted to sharing information and news about critical mass media and communication research. Our goal is to help establish a network among those sharing a left, radical, progressive, Marxist or critical approach to the study of mass media and communication. By linking those sharing a critical approach, COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES provides an opportunity for increased awareness of others' work, a forum for sharing and developing ideas, as well as a stimulant for collective efforts, whether they be research, publications, conferences, projects, etc.

We consider ourselves communication researchers not editors. Therefore, we find that we are unable to answer personally all the letters we receive from readers. However, we do strive to answer your questions and queries within the pages of the newsletter. We have been receiving a steady stream of information to be included within the newsletter. We thank you all for taking the time to send this information on to us. Please continue to send information about new publications, ongoing and completed research, past and future events, book reviews and anything else that may be of interest to fellow critical communication scholars. Also, if you have any criticisms or suggestions regarding how we might improve this newsletter, send them along too.

A steady stream of money has been coming in as wtell — fortunately. Your monetary contributions are used to defray mailing costs. If you have not yet contributed, please do so. Checks can be made payable to COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES. If you require our bank account number to facilitate the mailing of contributions, our account name, number and bank address follow: COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES

' Saving Account /'32-430-1 Champaign County Bank and Trust Con^jany Urbana, Illinois 61801

''.''\ U.S.A. ,.

In this Issue we have included late responses to the questionnaire which we published in the last issue. Also in this issue, note that we would like to try to arrange for the exchange of reading lists and course outlines of communication courses taught by our readers. We hope that this exchange will help teachers in communication share the fruits of their labors.

The deadline for the next issue is August 31, 1979.

The next issue will be mailed in early September, 1979. e

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CONFERENCE REPORTS referred to the activities of organized journalists and researchers in Latin America. Chile: A Journalists' Seminar on Freedom of The media in L.A. are less oriented towards Expression and Transnational Communication the masses and less national, he said, and communicators are held back by a series of A Seminar on Freedom of Expression and Trans- structural restrictions from a truly respon- national Communication was held in Santiago, sible social role. Alternative media and Chile, on April 10-12. The event was organ- forms of communications must be looked for, i::ed by the Circle of Journalists of the Aca- and this is one of the main concerns of de^^- "emy of Christian Humanism, and sponsored by ocratic journalists and researchers, suppor- the Latin American Association for Development ted by regional and international organiza- Journalists (ALACODE) and the Latin American tions such as ALAIC, FELAP, ILET, U1

Seven specialists in the field of communica- The seminar \^as attended by some fifty jour- tions took care of analysing various facets of nalists who had intense debates following the main Issues. In a first session Raquel each presentation. The Chilean press, though Salinas, professor at the Latin American well informed ahead of time, refused to give Faculty for Social Sciences and head of a dove rage to the event. But Chilean televi- Unesco-ILET project in Chile, referred to the sion, through the national Channel and Chan- international debate on freedoms and rights in nel 13, covered the opening session and communications. Renato Hevia, director of the showed the reports during prime time.

Catholic journal Mensaj , took up philosophical aspects of freedom and democracy while This is the first event of this nature to be Jorge Cash, journalist and professor at VECTOR, held in Chile, and served well to introduce referred to the national situation. He high- issues such as the NIIO and other related lighted the groxjing control of advertising debates existing at the international level. over the Chilean media and the political re- Last year a more restricted seminar was held strictions on the exercise of freedom that on the NIIO but no reference was made to the have been imposed by the present government, local situation in that occasion, nor were invitations sent to a wider audience. A second session was devoted to the transnational phenomenon. Patricio Heller, re- The Circle of Journalists is a study group searcher at CIEPLAl^, provided a comprehensive of democratic journalists and as such enjoys view on the economic mechanisms at play, the support of the Chilean Catholic Church, while Fernando Reyes Matta, journalist and provided through the Academy of Christian director of the Division of Communication Humanism. The Circle has some one hundred Studies of ILET, referred more specifically members, working journalists, and plans to to transnationals in communications and the carry out a comprehensive programme of various restrictions that result from their activities for this year, including various existence and functioning over national seminars, publications, and lectures aimed cultures and communications. at enriching the limited information provided to Chilean journalists by universi- The third day was led by an analysis of the ties under control of the State. Chilean organisation of journalists. This was presented by Octavio Neira, president of the Also, the Circle aims at breaking dovm the Metropolitan Council of the National Associa- international isolation imposed upon demo- tion of Journalists. lie noted that this cratic journalists by national circumstances organisation actually gave up its identity and policies. For this purpose, it plans to and role in 1973, and added that a conception open contacts with progressive journalists favoring national security over the right to and researchers abroad. Contacts may be inform and to be informed eliminates every established by writing to: freedom of expression. This is a situation Juan Pablo Cardenas that the National Association has not yet President, Circle of Journalists properly faced, he said. Academy of Christian Humanism Ismael Valdes Vergara 348, of. 102 Finally, Jose Marfa Pasquini, journalist and Santiago, Chile executive director of the Latin American Association for Development Journalists, Raquel Salinas - 3 -

American Meeting of the lAMCR Political historical relationships. Grossberg consi- Economy Section dered how knowledge presents itself as objective, as information. How is It that Participants, from the United States and Cana- some things appear to be information and da, traveled to coiAine efforts at the working others not? The definition of Information conference of the political economy section of is structured by the specific social situa- the lAMCR on March 30, 31 and April 1. Discus- tion in which it exists. That kind of know- sions ranged to include structural/institu- .: ledge which has status in Western society is tional, cultural, and theoretical aspects of 'the fact.' 'Facts' are given gzeater vali- the political economy of information, and the dity than opinions or beliefs; Grossberg 's final day was dedicated to the state of criti- philosophical and theoretical insights indi- cal communications research in North America cate just how complex a viable theory of - ,. and direct^ions for research. information is.

In order of presentation, Manjunath Pendakur David Dreyer discussed his paper, "Marcuse's presented "The Canadian Feature Film Industry." Critique of the Communicaticn-Repressive This insightful study exposed the mutually Environment." Dreyer considered information arguing that advantageous relationship between major Holly- in a 'pluralistic' society, ).^ v;ood film distributors and the two main thea- specific forms of coinmunication make percep- .

' tre circuits in Canada. Pendakur argued that tlon of societal problems Impossible. This , because of existing financial arrangements, ignorance renders any articulation of dissent Canadian films have difficulty getting dis- difficult. tributed. Pusillanimous goveimment efforts to promote production of indigenous films have Oscar Gandy presented "Information Subsidies: been considered inadequate by, pressure groups Scale Economics and Public Policy" in which which have arisen primarily out of the labor he considered several models of the formation segment of the Canadian film industry. of public policy. Gandy argued that current theoretical perspectives are limited because Tim Halght presented a still-ln-the-works they obscure the basis for power of the mass paper, "Ruling Elites and Communications Poli- media. He proposed phat the policy process cy: The Case of the Communications Act Rewrite.' is premised on the provision of .-subsidized Based on the analysis of elites as proposed by information through a variety of channels and information subsidies operate on G. William Domhoff , Haight analysed the various that these Interrelationships among government, corporate the basis of simple economic rules. Informa- and private polidy formation groups (such as tion is provided at lees than the going mar- the Aspen Institute) which have set the agenda ket price with the expectation of a gain. for communication policy in the United States. This gain can be monetary, as in advertising, or in the form of favorable support of some On the second day, Dallas Smythe presented public policy. "Canadian Mass Media: Agents of Cultural Sub- ordination." Smythe provided a historical and The last paper discussed was sent by Robert cultural background of the vertically inte- E. Jacobson. In "Anc.chrciiism of Communica- grated relationship of the U.S. and Canada. tion Education", Jacobson commanted on the In developing the idea of Canada as the larg- impoverished state of communication educa- est U.S. colony, Smythe dispelled any linger- tion in America. The vocationalism and ing notions one might have had of Canada as an behaviorism which predcminates most American autonomous nation. The remainder of the pre- schools of communication make the study of sentation focused on the Canadian mass media, communication "socially worthless at best especially broadcasting, and Canada's adoption and downright dangerous at worst." If edu- of U.S. -modeled comnercial TV. Smythe argued cation continues to be skewed by these of thinking, than critical that the Canadian Broadcasting Company has , prevalent modes acted as an agent of cultural subordination as issues will remain peripheral and the pro- it has ultimately cultivated public tastes for ducts of our schools anachronistic. Jacobson commercial programming. urges the development of new programs of communication that are in step with contem- In introducing the theoretical section of the porary developments and core responsive to conference, Larry Grbssberg stimulated an Immediate and anticipated social problems. effort to arrive at a clearer understanding of the meaning of information as it arises in The final day of the conference was spent .

•" ir.'.- ' on the state of critical mass communications Dallas Smythe research in North America. The following" Department of Communications practical issues were considered: facilitat- .Sjimpn Fraseir University . ing access to and circulation of critical lit- '".''.'Bpjrnaby 2, British Coiumbia V5A 1S6 CANADA erature, published and unpublished; possibilities of a critical research data exchange; and •' ' Sfe'venth Annual Telecommunications Policy conference tio suggestions for another iAmCR Research Conference precede the summer of 19i80 Caracas convdht ion.

' ' \ : • Robin Kyle Nichols The conference was held this year in- the v:--> h'feart of the Popono Mountains at Skytop Copies of the papers may be obtained from jthe Lod'fee in Pennsylvania from April 29th-May '• .;'' 1st. The event brought together approxi- ^ authors r ., .^ , mately 250. goy^rpment officials,, industry David Dreyer fepresentatives-yi citizens' group leaders, ' 1314 Longworth House Office Buildiug '^'-^'^ . and communications researchers . Keynote U.S.A. •' Washington, D.C. 20515 , speeckes were delivered by Robben Fleming," {Jresident of the Corporation for Public •"> Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. Broadcasting; Sean MacBride, president of Howard University the International Gommission for th^ Study i Department of Radio, TV, and Film V •' of CoWnunications Problems for UNESCO^ and 2600.4th Street, Nl-J ' ' ' >.-J-' Arthur Fleming and Helen Franzwa-Loukas of i Washington, D.C. 20059 U.S.A. . the US Commission on Civil Rights. Also

J ' featured was an "armchair discussion" with ' '_' Timothy Haight ,, ..U'.i' Charles Fep.ri?, chairman of the Federal Depart;njent. of, Commuilication Arts tr^' '' " i Contttinications Commission, and Henry Geller, University of Wis edits in - Madison '' 1 head of the National Telecommunications and Vilas Communication Hall " ''' Information Afjministration. Fourteen pan- 821 University Avenue ' els were of fered,. including diich topics as Madison, Wisconsin 53706 U.S.A. teleVisxon and the social construction of 'r«aia'ty, internatippial communications after' Robert Jacobspn •, ! WAR€ '79, public broadcasting in the eigh--, i Department of Architecture ,! ties' and feeyond,;;;Lnformation underclass, - University of ; California Los Angeles ; traiisBotder dat;a, flow, and cross-cultural -l Los Angeles, California 90024 \U.S. A. telecommunications. This last panel included' three papers which may be of inter-

Manj unath Pendakur , , > est to^ CP readers. Herbert Schiller pre- Department of Cotamunicatiohs sented "Sources^ of Opposition to American Simon Fr^ser University ,. Information. Supremacy" which focussed on Burnaty^, British Colun±)ia V5A 1S6 CANADA the U.S. domination of international infor-

,': matiori technology and services as, well as the growing opposition from the. rival in-

. dustrialized market economies of Western n, COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES • ' )'j ;:t Europe, Canada, and Japan. Schiller also , ,;., ;

Co-editors: ,'. ;i . discussed the ambiguous stance generally {

,.(i VJorld countries. "Issues- Eileen Meehan , Fred Fejes . taken by Third In

. :' . in International Communication: Peoples, Jennifer Slack . Thomas Guback' Janet Wasko (Tqmple University) ') Commodities, and Political Processes", Dallas Smythe dealt with the issues of sys- Secretarial assistance: Marvene Blackinore temic I'ealism i,n the arts and sciences, the nhierarchial sti^ucture of authority (includ-. Please address all correspondence to: -.ving a discussion of the term "technology" COI^IUNI CATION PERSPECTIVES -As propaganda for capitalism), arid the Institute of .principle of cultural screens as part of Communications Researcl) ,..

' '. ....the process of cultural liberation. Oscar ' 222B Armory ,

' f University of ., .-r. Gandy 's paper "Economies of Scale and Cul- Illinois , .y. .

. ji.itrural Polluti,on" compared the' historical Champaigri, IL 61820 , U.S.A. conditions supporting American telecommuni- ctftion regulation to the protective measures: .

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-implemented by other nations In combatting cul- NEW AND CURRENT JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS tural pollution. Those interested in obtain- ;' ing copies of these papers shouldt contact the Boletin AVIC ; La Asociacion de Investiga- authors. There are also plans to publish the dores de la Communicacion, ININCO, Av. El

-, conference proceedings which should be availa- Bosque No. 13, La Florida, Apdo 60.102 ble after the first of nej^t year. Caracas 106, Venezuela. La Asociacion Venezolana De Inyestigadores De La Comuni- Janet Waskb- cacion - AVIC (The Venezuelan Association Herbert Schiller of Communication Researchers) celebrates Communications Department thi^ July the second anniversary of its is to the Hunter College, CUNY r; ;;r - founding. AVIC devoted further- 695 Park Avenue ing of research, discussion, and the dis- New York, New York 10021 U.S.A.. semination of information concerning the problems of mass communication and society,

Dallas Smythe - given above. ., ..;:-; both at . the national level within Venezuela and at the international level between the - developed and dependent of the Oscar Gandy given above. ,, ,, countries world. The Boletin AVIC is the newsletter published regularly by AVIC. AVIC welcomes FORTHCOMING EVENTS contact from all interne ted communication researchers

, The Non-Governmental Organizations Forum on

1 Science and Technology will be held in Vienna, Tabloid : Box 3243, Stanford, California Austria, from August 19th-29th. The Forum 94305, U.S. A;

: will meet concurrently with the UNCSTD Con- Tabloid is founded on the belief that

, : ference also being held in Vienna. The Forum "because advanced capitalist, society is

will address communication issues including diffuse i pluralistic, and dece,ntered that the transfer of comooinication technology, people can and do evade manipulation and national policies, planning, etc. The organ- work out: strategies for survival. Argu- izers of the NGO Forum are interested in get* ments against television, agalnsttthe ting communication researchers together at materialism of the media, sound like unin- this meeting. For information contact: '- teresting, truisms because they exaggerate the specific prac- ; Dr. A, Karim Ahmed, Chairman, NGO Committee the trivial and Ignore

.. on, Science and Technology, 122 E. 42nd St., tices that bear meaning. Because the

New York, New York 10017, U.S.A. (tel. 212- ' moment of conservatism is the moment for 949-0049) or Ward Morehouse, President, Coun-' stubborn discussion and analysis,, Tabloid cil on International and Public Affairs, Inc., alms to be a forum for discussion, a place 60 E. .42nd. St., New York, New York 10017 of many voices, where our daily mytholo- U.S.A. (tel. 212-972-9878)., gies are examined, wheie the critics of communication and culture from other countries may be heard through translations,

. NEW ASSOCIATIONS where theories are worked out, where people may keep In touch with the work of At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, a others." Tabloid seeks "to open a criti- number of students from the departments of cal dialogue; almong ^edla workers, media Journalism and Mass Communication, Communica- watchers, the' hotisei-bound, the university- tion Arts, and Agricultural Communication bound, the employed and the unemployed," have formed ah association to discuss issues in order to understand the "political de- '; ib international communication as well as terminations of our daily lives." Tabloid's academic and professional matters. The mem- vocabulary and concepts largely come from '' bfers of the International Students in Commun?-.. the works of critics such as Althusser, ' : ication also discuss the national situations Marcuse and the Frankfurt School. Tabloid of their home countries. They are Interested suggests, however, that "the political in contacting similar more infor- groups. For effects of culture and lifestyles are mul- mation, write to: Chairperson^ Heather Royes, tiple, ambiguous, complicated, and even International Student's in Communication, 215, contradictory." In order to grasp these N. Wisconsin Frances Street //305, Madison, complexities, the editors of Tabloid main-

53703, U,S-.A., , ; :.;,,.,, ' .

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tain that "we need to examine particular pracr which will arise, "widespread and detailed tices in detail and understand exactlywhy wh^t debate on the decisions made or being dis- we're being offered matters. Tabloid wants jt^o cussed by the individual governments and

work towards new ways not of dismissing our ;-:,- international organizations in the field of world but of examining it, using it, and trans- aerospace, radio and television are neces- forming it." Tabloid V7ill address itself to sary as of now." Richeri details some of such issues as the role of womieh in everyday the political, economic, legal and cultural life and mass culture, the production, channel- problems. ' Cpntact: Giuseppe Richeri, ing and consumption of diverse images of non- Regione Emilia- Romagna, via le Silvani 6, Western "otherness", and the problems of minor- 40122 Bologna, Italy. ity cultures in new forms of cooptation which define ethnic diversity "as a priquancy to be "Struggle Around 'New International Infor- consumed on the market." Position papers are mation Order'" by Kaarl Nordenstreng. available upon request. The first number, Nordenstreng outlines an approach for plac- which will be appearing this Fall, will be ing the problem of the "New International partly devoted to a discussion of institution- Information Order" into the "perspective of al obstacles to creativity in the media. Sub- basic developments on the interriational

scription fee is $5.00 for 4 issues. arena." When such context is provided, "it , seems that a struggle around the 'new inter- | national information order' is but a reflec- PAPERS TO NOTE tion of historical tendencies between conflicting socio-economic political forces." "A Minority Viewpoint: An Outsider's Analysis \ Nordenstreng points to three stages in the of the Report of the Carnegie Commission on development of the global relation of the Future of Public Broadcaisting" by Nolan A. forces' in the' 1970 's in both communication Bowie. policies and in the designs of world poli- Bowie assesses the recent Carnegie Commission tical strategies. He then places the his- on the Future of Public Broadcasting iii the tory of the UNESCO Draft Declaration within United States. The Commission's report, A '' '' these three stages. Contact; Kaarl Norden- Public Trust , criticized the present struc- streng, Institute of Journalism & Mass Com- j ture of public broadcasting and recommends a munication', University of Tampere, Kalevan- \ restructuring of the system.. Bowie argues tie 4, 33100 Tampere 10, Finland. that "from the perspective of Blacks, Hispan- ics, Asian-Americans, Native Americans, vjomen "Mass Media - A Preliminary Evaluation" by ' and public interest groups, the Commission's Lars Qvortrup, Mogens Schmidt, Lars Seeberg. new proposed plan has almost as many flaws as "This article introduces some of the crucial the present system of public broadcasting." ' • of discussion in the current marxist "-'^ themes Bowie points out the in. which new ways the media-atialysis. The starting point is a plan fails to face the realities of problems '^ critique of the positivistic media-analysis, oUch as minority access, financing, politici- exemplified here by the content-analysis zation of administration, elitism and But - what else? In recent years we have government influence. Bowie, Contact: Nolan seen many answers to that question. The Citizens Communication Center, 1424 16th St. article partly t^ries to put these solutions tW, Suite 404, Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. into a process of development. Partly -

I for the sake of the ongoing discussion - "Democrazia e Sistemi Radiotelevisivi nel the article deals critically with the seem- Futuro Tecnologico" (Democracy and the Broad- ingly; successful marxistic -media- theory. casting System in the Future of Europe: The , , It especially questions those versions of Technological Future) by Giuseppe Richeri. content-analysis which have been inspired (paper available in English) by structuralism or by the theory of the Richeri focuses on developments in direct public sphere." Contact Lars Qvortrup, radio diffusion satellites which he consi- Rasmus Rask Instituttet for lingvistik, ders "essential for the future of radio and Odense Universitet, Campusvej 55, 5230 television in Europe." Attention and infor- Odense M, Denmark. mation regarding direct radio diffusion satellites has been restricted to technologists, but Richeri argues that given the technolpgi- PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE cal potential of such systems and the political, economic, legal and cultural problems Armand Mattelart, Multinational Corporations . s,-^ - 7 - and the Control of Culture: The Ideological represents an important contribution to tlie

Apparatuses of Imperialism . (320 pages, 1979). development of a critical perspective on "Multinational Corporations and the Control of international communications. To order Culture deals with the increasingly central write: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 355 role of new interrelated technologies in the Chestnut Sti:eet, Norwood, New Jersey 07648 ' expansion of United States imperialism. It U.S.A.' analyses the evolution of the strategies of U.S. imperialism, specifically in what is now Vincent Mosco, Broadcasting in The United the fastest growing sector of production in States: Innovative Challenge and Organiza- 'contemporary capitalism: the electronics- tional Control (1979), 168 pp., $12.95. based multinationals involved In communications This study examines the manner in which and the 'media." Contetits': Preface;^ Multi- the FCC has responded to broadcasting nationals and heavy equipment; The producers of innovation with case studies dealing with electronic warfare; The diffusion of space tech- FM radio, UHF television, cable television nology; The new educators; American educational and subscription television. Generally, TV series-a one way street; Publishing and ' Mosco outlines how the FCC, as a complex cincaia overturned; The politicisation of ad- organization, has followed a very specific vertising; Targets redefined; Death and traris- organizational response to innovations figuration of Superman. To order, write: The which has generally led to a very narrow

Harvester Press, 2 Stanford Terrace, Hassocks and conservative; adaptation of innovations . Sussex BN6 8QX, ENGLAND. Cost: il2.50. that has furthered the concentration of political and economic power in the hands '

T'ae /,'6, October 1978 issue of Revue Francaise of jihe broadcasting industry and has D' Etudes Americaines is devoted to articles restricted a real choice in programming "' dealing ^th the theme "Mass Media and ideology for radio and TV audiences. To both stu- in the United States." Among the articles are dents of communication regulation and "I e vecu et I'imaginaire dans I'id^ologie de organizational behavior, this book pro- ir.?.£se aux Etats-Unis"'by Georges-Albert JAstre, vides an interesting and thoughtful analy-'' ''The Media and the Dream: The Progressive ' sis pf the FCC. To order write, Ablex

Rides Again," by Claude-Jean /Bie,rtrand and "Le . (see above) ccntenu ideologique des editor i^ux (J ^jEbdfty (1970-77)" by Alain Bonora. Other aridicles Reading Lists in Radical Political Economy' . are by Herbert Schiller, James Aronson and' Periodically the Union for Radical Politi- Ron Dor fman. (Summaries in English and Ftench) cal Economics publishes an extensive reading list and bibliography that is organized Kaarle Nordenstreng and Herbert Schiller j" ^Na- around various topics and issues in the tional Sovereignty and International Comtiiunica- study of radical political economy. Thes^ lists, while they do not often tion' (1979) , 30A pp., $21.50. This volume, reading Kuich was noted briefly in an earlier issue of give much attention to communications, are and are very Communication Perspectives , brings together 16 a good source of information articles dealing with various issues and prob- useful as background material to those lems in international communications, particu- interested in the political economy of larly those issues that focus on the problem communication,.. The 1977 Reading List (the. of information and cultural dependency in in- most recent ?y-,cb,yers a wide range of topics ternational communications. The book is such as "Theory ^ndkethod in Political Marxist divided into four sections ^ each revolving Economy", "Current Controversies in around a different general topic (i.e., Issues Social Science", "The Third World in the in Communication and National Development, World Economy", and "The Role of the State Direct Satellite Broadcasting, International in the Third World." This edition was Law and International Communication, and Fu- about 190 pages long and costs about $4.00. ture Development in International Communica- For ordering information for this publications) . Among the authors and articles are tion and other resource publications write Luis Beltran and Elizabeth Fox de Cardona, URPE, 41 Union Square West, Rm. 90.1, New "Latin America and the Free Flow of Informa- York, New York IQOO'S, U.S.A. tion"; Raquel Salinas and Leena Paldan, "Cul- ture in the Process of Dependent Development", Herbert Schiller, New Modes of Culture Tranh van Dinh, "Non-Alignment and Cultural Domination (1978, 24 pages, no price). Imperialism", plus articles by the editors. Not This work is a transcript of a lecture only is this book a very useful reader, but it given in September, 1977 to Conradh '

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na Gaeilge, xorite: Conradh na Gaeilge, 6, knowledge, and art, and m^jor articles and Iraid Fhearchair, Baile Atha Cliath, EIRE. 2, editorials published in Screen . The study covers Screen from the Spring, 1971 issue, rhe Institute Latlnoamericano de Estudios in \irtiich the journal announced a shift in Transnacionales (ILET) has recently put out a editorial policy based on the need for List of publications available from ILET radical theorizing, to the Spring, 1977 lealing with communication and economic prob- issue. The purpose is to examine Screen lems of the Third World. Among those publica- as a Marxist project." tions listed is a reader (256 pp.) edited by Fernando Reyes Matta entitled La Informacion PROJECTS en el Nuevo Orden Intemacional , and a number of other books and documents that would be of •t<:v ' interest to those working in this area. For Citizens Communications. Center Is ''a non- a list of publications and ordering informa- profit, foundation-funded,; public interest firm which tion write:, Institute Latinoamericario de law represents citizens groups Estudios Transnacionales, Apartado Postal • in regulatory and court proceedings involving varied 85-025, Mexico 20, D.F. communications issues. CITIZENS also informs individuals and groups of their ' Tights to participate in these processes "•':.• ' '^' RECENT DISSERTATIONS" ^.-v i and general reg.ulation education to develop

' ' . I : . _ , •consumer sophistication and leverage in Michael H. Anderson, The Madison Ayenue Con- electronic media decisionrtnaking. CITIZENS nection: A Study of transnational Advertising Charges no legal fee from clients but ex- and Political Development in Malaysia, Singa- pects reimbursement for out-of-pocket ex- pore, and Indonesia .- Ph.D. dissertation, 1979. penses, i.e., duplication costs, postage, ^ This is a study of transnatipnal advertising travel, long distance telephone charges." agencies in selected Asian countries based For more information, contact Nolan A. upon Galtung's theory of imperialism. The Bowie, Executive Director, Citizens Com- study describes the contemporary transnational munications Center, 1424-16th St. Nl-J, advertising structure globally and within the Suite 404, Washington, D.C. 20036, U.S.A. Southeast Asian context. It presents case studies of TNAA (Transnational Advertising From 1973 to 1975, the Community Memory Agency) dynamics inHalaysia, Singapore and Project provided the US's first computerized,, Indonesia. Comparisons between TNAAs and community information service. Located in

indigenous agencies are made based on 1977^ ; the San Ftancisco Bay Area, CMP installed 1978 field research, including more than, 200, terminals in a number of public places interviews with e^atriate and indigenous (stores, libraries, etc.) so that the gen- ' advertising experts. Findings confirm that eral public could use the terminals as a TNAAs do exercise power ovetr value- forming kind of community billboard. No restric- institutions and that advertising in these tions were placed on kinds of messages three host-nations does ejdiibit the general entered into the system, the selection of interactions structure that Gultung's model keywords by which users indexed their mes- hypothesized. : Contact .%^lthael H. Anderson, sages , or who could retrieve the informa- East-VIest Communication Institute^ 1777 East-r tion. CMP describes the store of messages West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. as "not only... the expected classified ads and meeting notices but also poetry, draw- Philip Gershon Rosen, The Concept of Ideol- ings , personal messages and bits of non- ogy and Contemporary Film Criticism: A Study siense, apocalyptic visions and Utopian of the Position of the Journal Screen jn the dreams, love letters, and reading lists."

• Context of the Marxist Theoretical Tradition .'^ Tfte initial phase of the project showed (Volumes I and II). Ph.D. dissertation. that "the public at large, without prior University of Iowa, 1978. training, can use an inforr.r on exchange "This study is a theoretical explication of system to define and meet their o\m^ infor- one of the most recent and significant Marx- mation needs." The CMP sees their system ist positions in film theory and criticism, as an alternative to the hierarchical in-

that of the British journal Screen . The study formation flow generally associated ^•rt.th consists of extensive summaries of and cpm- computer systems and the corporate manage- mentaries on two bodies of texts: classic ment of information. The Community Memory Marxist texts on ideology, consciousness. Systeni is conceptualized as one means of - — — - 9 - !;

increasing people's cibiitrol over their own and Urban Planning, University of Cali- lives by reducing dependence on "commer- fornia, Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A. cially generated and corporately controlled currently designing an For those (like me) who find themselves information." , CMP is expanded version of the Community Memory bewildered by the confusing array and sheer System vjhich will link individual teirminals quantity of projects passed off ks communi- into regional central processing units, which cation research in the US, jPietila's ciriti- may be accessed by terminals linked to other ^ cal commentary comes not a moment too soon. nodes. CMP invites discussion of its " Never mind that his analysis originates in approach, especially any comments on possi- Finland: Pietila's English is precise and bilities and problems of the system and its his aim— to demolish the "common sense" implementation. A short pamphlet' is also origins of communication pseudo-science available from tl;^em. The Community Miemory Idealized with remarkable accuracy. Naive Project,. 18 14- Ward St., Berkeley, CA "947.03, positivism and its stepchildren, survey and U.S.A. ••''; laboratory research, may yet survive as servants of the pommercial juggernaut; but

German Society for Peace and Conflict Re- those who have abandoned this so-called . . search: Yearbook on Detente Policy in Eurppe. 'mainstream' will ,find much to support a The Society is p fitting' together its 1979-80 new p>erspectlve on communication research Yearbook and is interested in receiving in this extended monograph. .;.,

papers on the sociocultural relations be- ' • '. ' tween Western Europe/USA on one hand and Pietila begins with a rendition of the

Eastern Europe/Sqviet'v Union on the other. popular theories of , communication that are

"The main pufpose ,of \ this yearbook is the ., the foundation of to'dayi's instrumental

systematical investigation, preparation, ..;,/ "communication science'';-'-especially the

and analysis of empirical information on ..^ mechati.is-tic Shannon-Weaver- model of human all-European relations from the point of commuijication to be ^ phenomenon somehow viev7 of detente and peace policy. The man- apart from other human activities: its ner of presentation strived for is that of workings can only be understood through \- observing ' interdisciplinary research , 'scientific reporting' in the form of a (1) ^ problem-oriented handbopk. The central con- communication processes', from a variety of

cept of our project is to develop 'measures' professional positions i or '(2) intrad isci- in peace policy' for all. aspects of' Ei^st- ' plinary research focusing on communication West relations by which progress and back- '\ activ'.ties. from the vantage of the "commun- lash of detente and peace policy 'are to be ication specialist." These two approaches

•jiade measurable. ; .'\^e thereby want to refer to communication researcih are mutually ex- to the efforts of definition of the politi- clusive, but they have ,one thing in common

cal practice. . .and to the different scien- a tendency to reduce the rich complexity tific approaches to develop indicators for of human interaction to a matter of "com- international transactions, conflicts, cri- munications", what Pietiias refers tp as'' ses, power, detente, etc»" Their interests "communicological" thinking. ,.j include change in Eastern and Western cul-

tures, national prejudices,, intersystemlc • Communicological thinking evolved ^J^rough information policy, 'tourism, migration, .efeCb' two traditions, one American ahii one German. For more informatioii writje to: Norbert: In the We^t, r-the '6dnnan tradition has be- Ropers, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Friedensr- come virtually ind'istinguishable from its und Konfliktf.orschung, Theaterplatz 28, American couuiterpart. The Ametican tradi- perceived . grew response t6 5300Bonn-Bad , Godesbet^,' FFjDERAL REP'UBLIC tion indirect '' ''' " ' OF GERMANY ,^-:\y .• • n^eds for effective war-time propaganda (during World- War I) and the^ fear of ref or- met-s, later turned to merchants' lust, for BOOK REVIEW tl^Q power of the growing mass media. It should come as no surprise that today's Viekko Pietila.", On the Scientific Status and tool^ of communication science (as prac- Position of Communication Research, Institute ' \'j —— . ticed in the US) are the same survey and for Mass Communication and Journalism R&-" ' •"laboratory methods'' employed in the 1920's, search. University of Tampere , Tampere , FIN- 19:^6 's, and 1940 's by the merchandisers LAND, 1978. (2nd edition; paper) . Reviewed of patriotism, war fever, and consumer by Robert Jacobson, School of Architecture goods. One need only read the lists of , — —

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sponsors and advisers to the nation's schools Pletila's arguments will move American com- of communication and mass media to see that, munication scientists (and those who emu- still. It Is the corporations and their mana- late theth throughout the world) away from gers vrtio underwrite communication education In their survey sheets, tables, and computer the US. ::; ,,' printouts and into the real world. Their whqle training and social position requires Pletlia argues skillfully that the current pre- that they deny the narrowness of their pur- dicament of American communication research suits, though the deluge of more and more is that, In becoming conmunlcologlcal and be- refined—and more and more meaningless havloristic, It has lost any tl>eoretical thread research should be almost unbearable by that might have held Its sc^tterdd patchwork now, even for them. Still, in the power together. Communication research In America such awareness provides for a growing band must either dissect one tiny aspect of human of rebels, Pletila's Communication Research Interaction with a multitude of disciplinary ' can do much to advance the necessary con- devices, or it must find in humdn interaction struction of a new kind of commiiliiication

an explanation for all other social phenomena. , research. The necessary result of these pursuits is i eclecticism and the cancerous growth of re- It may even be possible-, in the not too search beyond all |>6Sslblllty of its contain- distant future, to witness the birth of a ment in a persuasive theoretical framework,. real communication science. It's a goal That this research should lead to the con- worth working toward. crete betterment of human life is out of the question. * This theory and methods for its application are experimented with in much of Ple- Pietiia goes on to propose a new theoretical tila's other work, some of which is con- foundation for communication inquiry. This tained in a recent anthology. Current foundation is baaed on monistic—as 'opposed Theories in. Scandinavian Mass Conanunication to positivistic—concepts of the nature of Research, Berg, Mle, et. al., GMT, Grenaa, reality. Monism is a philosophical, structure Denmark, 1977. •''•'- emphasizing the unity of events, rather than - /-M ; ... . their separateness . Separatehess , in fact READING L I ST/COUf^SE OUTLINE is seen as something of an illusion conjured up by positlvist philosopher^ on behalf of 'As noted In 'our opening remarks, we would capitalism and later Incorporated in the like to facilitate the exchange pf reading media-inspired vision of the world. It is lists/course outlines among critical commun- not surprising that coBmunlcation conceived is. ication researchers. The purpose of this as something separate and apart from other exchange ±» to increase the dissemination processes in our society, such as economics r of Information about critical communication and politics. "More communication and better" research and to assist teachers in the for- is one slogan, as is "diversity in the media", mulation of reading lists and outlines for that means nothing in the way of concrete coinmunlcation courses devoted to a critical changes in the way we. liye our lives. perspective. If you have designed courses or constructed reading lists devoted to a Communication Research 's later chapters ela- critical examination of some issue or area borate upon the relatlpqships between pollti^ (e.g., communication and culture, mass media cal economics and communication in any society. and society, political economy of communica- Monism leads gracefully t6 Marxism and the tion, etc.), please send the following in- transition is convincing. A new, triply holis- formation to Comnunication Perspectives : tic and satisfying theory of communication is Pletila's next Course/Reading List goal. T^ile it remains only , Title of partial at this time, this theory, which em- Brief Description phasizes a historical and dialectical approach to an understanding of the complete material! Name xrorld, seems to place communication in its Address- appropriate, subordinate—but still important relation to that material world.* In our next issue, we will publish the responses. Those wishing copies may then It would be idealistic, in the worst tradition write to the respondeat. of liberal social science, to expect that , . ;,

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.ADDITIONS TO DIRECTORY in socialist countries. Projects: Research on Cuban Radio-TV; preparing an anthology The following are additions to the directory of Cuban Broadcast media. v^h.ich we published in February. IJe will continue publishing directory additions. If you Cees Hamelink. Staff member ILET, Mexico; are not yet lifted and wish. to be, please senji, assist, prof. Institute of Social Studies, The Hagui*;. 123 Burg. Hogguerstraat , Amster- information according to the foll<«Jing format ;-. dam, Holland. Interests: political economy nameJ position,,, current address ^ permanent address (if different) ^'gen^Val research inter- of international communications. 'Projects: i international finance and iriterna:ti6hal com-t 2sts, sped fi

..• munic^tions/natipnal communicatioh policies engaged iw- ...... and informatics. \ ;,, ,. ' '1 -.hn- '' ^^' ' '. Gunnar Andren. Research assistanty Department .. ..y ' '

38 75016 ' 106 Mireille Honein. Avenue Marceau, . of Philosophy, University of Stockholm, 91 , Stockholm, Sweden. Interests: Advertising; Paris, France. Tel. 723-41-62. Interests: : The construction of normatively relevant con- • the international information order, inter- ,{

• ,• national flox

aligtied countries and he.tween the Pool and :, the industrialized countries. (Special in-«..( Rev. Dr. AmbertoJ^cizar S.J. Professor of., ^ Public Opinion, Founder and First Director of,.. terest in the balance of information arid in t

, .. Pools of press agencies set 'by developing the School of Communication at Uriiversidad , ,

CatAlica Andres Bello, ;^ast President of the ,; countries.) Venezuelan Assocation of Communication Re-

: . Associate, "Insti- searchers, recently appointed by Pope John Josiane Jouet Research tut National de I'Audiovisuel" (INA) . 7 Rue Paul II as

Mayet, 75006 Paris, France. Tel. 567-74-30. . Media'. Address,: , Commission, for the Mass . Interests: Marxist theory' itt mass. communi- Universidad CatAlica Andres Bello Apartado • ... iiiterhsitional Comrabnicatlon aspects, 29068- Caracas 102, Veneziiela cation, the role of infprmatidliiTr "developing coun- cdmmvinicaticlri projects. Claude Jean Bertrand, maitre-assistant. 38 tries,; women's commuriication policies avenue gallieni - 78110 Le Vesinet, France.,., Research: government in France; the international flow of infor- - , Interests:, US mass media media criticism^ , Projects: study of US "journalism reviews",/ mation. vs press ombudsmen/world press' councils. Tarmo Malmberg. Assisting Associate Profes-^.j sor. University of Tampere, Finland. Inter- Sidney .IJii: Dean, Jr. Businessman, consultant of, communication and culture, in marketing and communications media, head of ests: theory semiotics, ideology in and out jof mass com- Ventures Development Company; Chairman lof the film. Projects: "Thought and Advisory Committee of the' Of fide' of Telecom- munication, Signs of the Time. An in- munications, City of New York. 27 Washington Language", "The Semiotics' of Culture and Square North, New York, NY 10011. Interests: troduction to the (both in Fintliish) , ''Dialecr Development of Cable TV, Community use of Communication" of Communication: a'Study on Cine-., Cable TV. Projects: Common Carrier status tic Mass ma and Ideology" (in Etiglish). of all carrier and distributive facilities ^^ such as broadcast stations, cable systems, Mosco. Associate Professor, Depart-, etc., and, if necessary ownership by one or Vincent Georgetown University, more public authorities. Interested in con- ment of Sociology, Washington, DC 20057. Interests: the poll- tacting people in New York with similar economy of interriatiorial communica- interests. tical tions; the regulation of innovations in the market. Projects: application Howard H. Frederick. Lecturer, Broadcast broadcasting Wallerstein's world capitalist system Communication Arts, San Francisco State Uni- of internatiehal communications; a versity, 1600 Holloway, San Francisco, CA model to critical overview of -mass media ifor a basic! 94132 (after Aug. 1, 1979: International " Communication Studies, School of International SocioXpgy teJjLt. T ', Service, The American University, Washington DC 20016). Interests: Broadcast Communication Luiz Pqnzaga Motta. Chairman, Dep to. de

I .l.o. . ; ,

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Comunicacao, Unlversidade de Brasilia, 70000, Sciences (FLACSO) , Casilla 3213-C, Santiago Brasil. Interests: mass media and national of Chile. Permanent address: Radal 694 cultures; communication and political ideol- (Pob. San Carlos), Puente Alto, Chile. In- ogy, mass media and the state; communication terests: cultural imperialism, sources and and politics. Projects: Ideological Control effects of inibalances and domination, par- and Newsroom Decision Making: Analysis of ticularly in news flows and broadcasting; Brazilian Editor's News Selection, Ph.D. dis- communication policies and general issues sertation, University of Wisconsin, 1977; The of the new information order. Projects: State and Media Control: Policy or Politics" Chilean Television: the choice of color. ongoing research project about media and the Study Case within the frames of UNESCO State mutual relationships in Brazil. Collaborative Project on technology Transfer in Communications, FLACSO-ILET. Josd Maria Pasquini. Journalist, regional

, representative for IPS Third World News Agency Jos^ Manuel P^rez Tomero. Prof . Facultad in Latin America; Executive Director of the Ciencias de la Informacion, Universidad Latin American Association for Development Autonoma Barcelona, Dept. Teorfa de la •:« Journalists (Asociacion Latinoameric'ana de Comunicacion, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. Periodistas para el Desarrollo, ALACODE) Interests: semiotica; political propaganda. Editor of ALACODE' s monthly bulletin (3000 Projects: study of the persuasion (Spain copies distributed to Latin American journal- 1976-78). ists, gatekeepers of main media and researchers) , Permanent address: ALACODE, Apartado Patrick Tupper. Assoc. Prof. Universtte de Aereo 28273, Bogota, Colombia. Interests: Paris VIII, Route de la Tourellej, 75012 - information imbalances, particularly in the Paris, France; Lecturer at the Centre de . field of news; training of journalists for Perfect ionridtnent des journalistes (CEPJ) development; journalists position in the media 33, rue du Louvre, 75002 - Paris, France. and society; alternative media and communica- Interests: mass media in Latin America; tion; search of new roles for journalists in a communication and development; new inter- new information order, particularly in the national information order, USA communica- Third World. tions and Third World; Third World communication's alternatives with respect to Karen Pausell,. Change, of address: 1728 developing countries. Projects: Persua- Lamont, Washington, DC 20010, U.S.A. sion and mass-communication (Study of the Case: Chile 70-73: some aspects of a theory

Lado Pohaf. Head of programme & audience of manipulation) ; Third World's strategies research, RTV Ljubljana. Permanent address: and the new international information order. 61 21o Ljul:)ljana, Demsarjeva 19, Yugoslavija. Interests: pommunication research—m. media, radio & TV, advertising, social effects. Projects: social function & dysfunction of TV advertising in Yugoslavia.

Rosemary Porter. Graduate student. Temple '

University. , 3A4 Harrison Ave. , Elkihs Park, PA 19117, U.S.A.

Giuseppe Richeri. Consultant to the Govern- ment of Emilia-Romagna Region. Regione Emilia- Romagna-viale Silvani 6, Bologna, Italy. Interests: new comm. technology, satellites, European Common Market, and jS •; participation-decentralization. Projects: Impact of communication satellites on traditional mass-media: tendencies in European countries.

Raquel Salinas. Communication reseacher, prp- fessor at the Latin American Faculty for Social . Cor "devoted to crn-tical pepspeatives on mass oommun-ioations"

.,..ji-i^''' ...

.'l-'

;iiili;i9iiflii

VOL. II, NO. 1 SEPTEMBER 1979

Ui.t ••* _j ^1 CURRENT EVENTS

. ,Cuban Broadcast Media Opens Up to Created largely by American commercial American Communication Researchers interests, the Cuban broadcasting sys-

'-ri tem was the first in Hispanic America narcot-; In Cuba, the media exhort rather than ,; to have radio and among the first to disenfranchize, ize, empower rather than ^n.i have television. By 1959, when Fidel stimulate cooperation rather than compet- Castro came to power, there were 156 ition. They contextualize World events commercial fadio stations vying for an jrather than fragmentize them. audience of only eight million. Madison Avenue advertising agencies used Cuba These were 'the major impressions of a -as a testing ground for commercial group of twenty-eight broadcast media techniques. One still hears the workers and communication scholars who American-style hyperbole in the Cuban spent ten days in Cuba meeting colleagues stations' I.D.s: "La Onda de la Alegrla" in media fields. The trip was organized (The Radio Wave of Joy); "Canal 6 desde by the Broadcast Communication Arts Dept- la Havana, Cuba, Primer Territorio libre ment of San Francisco State University. .in America" (Channel 6 . from Havana , Cuba, This was the first time since the Revol- .First Free Territory in America) ution that Cuban broadcasters have welcomed their American counterparts into During the struggle to overthrow the ty- studios and meeting rooms to discuss rant Fulgencie Batista, Argentine-born Cub an-American tiiedia cooperation. doctor Ernesto "Che" Guevara, the revolutionary theoretician and, later, martyr, saw radio as an indispensible tool in the process of liberation. He launched medium-wave Radio Rebelda (Rebel Radio) from COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES Castro's mountain headquarters in 1956 to broadcast directives, speeches and Co-editors: news of the armed struggle. Eileen Meehan Fred Fejes Jennifer Slack Thomas Guback Today, Radio Rebelde is one of six nation- Janet Wasko (Temple University) al radio nets coordinated through the Instituto Cubano de Radio y Teledifusion Secretarial assistance: (Cuban Institute of Radio and TV Broad- Marvene Blackmore casting). Rebelde is the most politicized, Anita Specht with copious news and' commentary, programs on, international and domestics politics, Please address all correspondence to: and, of course, much Cuban jazz. Radio COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES Progreso and Radio Liberacion program for Institute of Communications Research youth and women, respectively. Radio 222B Armory Mdsica Internacional mixes a variety of University of Illinois Latin and classical music. But Radio Champaign, IL 61820 Reloj (Radio Clock) is the most intriguing to American ears. Over an incessant U.S.A.

0-.( : .

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metronome and gong every sixty seconds, equipment on the American standard. tThy Cuban radio newscasters read three or more didn't Cuba switch to the Eastern Europe- stories per minute and give the time. an standard? One Cuban broadcaster responded that Cuba is in the Americas Over the shortwave spectrum. Radio Havana and wants someday to communicate with Cuba competes in an ideological battle its North American neighbors. Incom- with the Voice of America's Spanish aer- patible standards would prevent this. vice. Some of our Cuban hosts revealed that they consider VOA's morning news- Communication Perspectives readers will be cast an essential part of their daily interested to know that the International media diet. VOA's lively five and one- Communication Association conference in half hours a day reaches all of Cuba from Acapulco in April, 1980 will include 50,000 watt transmitters in the Florida papers by scholars of Cuban mass media. Keys. Its morning shov7 is so popular in In our tour were Jorge Schement (Radio- Latin American that it is rebroadcast on Television-Fili.i, University of Texas at hundreds of stations in Latin America, Austin) , John Nichols (Journalism, Penn often with commercials! State), A.J. Langguth (Journalism,

University of Southern California) , Caren For its part, Radio Havana Cuba broad- Deming (Broadcast Communication, San casts a three hour program in English Francisco State). to North America that can be heard well from coast to coast. With over thirty We collected more than a hundred hours stories, its newscast is astoundingly of Cuban radio and thirty hours of Cuban diverse. Some events it carries never television on tape. I have edited a reach the American news consumer: Preg- thirty-minute "Selections from Cuba nant women demonstrate at Three Mile Television" on 3/4" videotape with news, I Island; Puerto Rican pro-independence variety, entertainment, live reports and fighter insists he be tried as prisoner more. It is available at cost for $25. of war in New York court; Brooklyn police Also available are original recordings bust heads at picket line of milk de- from Radio Rebelde from 1956-59 for $5. livery drivers. Please send requests to me at : Inter- national Communication Studies, School of Miami television is easily received in International Service, The American Univ- much of northern Cuba. Yet most Cubans ersity, Washington, D.C. 20016. rarely watch it because of the variety of entertainment and public affairs on Howard H. Frederick Cuba's own two national networks. A The American University glance at TV program logs in the daily Granma newspaper indicate at least 75% of the fare might be called "entertain- Political Economy Section of lAMCR ment," but most of these programs contain political messages. The current favorite At the meeting of the International Council of in of the dramatic serial, "'En Silencio Ha Tenido lAMCR, July, the chairman Que Ser," amid all the tears and emotion, Political Economy Section were appointed:.. concerns a agent who infiltrates into Robin Cheesman (Denmark) and Tamas Szecsko Florida to gather intelligence before (Hungary) the mercenary invasion at the Bay of Pigs. Preparations for Section activities at the Because of their American parentage, next conference of lAMCR (Caracas, Venezuela, Cuban broadcast media still retain August 25th/29th 1980) will now start. The for American genres and formats. The U.S. programme the Caracas conference will broadcast standard of 525 scanning lines be settled at the International Council April, 1980. is still used in television. In an extra- meeting in It seems possible ordinary fraternal gesture, Soviet and that the Political Economy Section could Hungarian electronics factories produce have three half-day sessions in Caracas. Cuba's TV's, cameras, switchers and studio The general theme of the conference is "New Structures of International Commun- ication". It should be easy to establish . .

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a connection between section activities 5. Methods and Techniques of Cultural and the general theme. Analysis

A most preliminary proposal for session Working Group II: Political Economy of themes of the Political Economy Section: Culture 1. Mbnopoly, Concentration and Control - The State and the Information Media. . of Cultural Industries Culture Workers and Valorization - Capitalist Strategies for Communication 2., of Cultural Goods Development. 3. Modes of Collective Production and - Political Economic Perspectives of the Constitution of Common Values "New International Information Order". 4. New Technologies and New Markets for Communication Systems Suggestions on Section activities in 5. Internationalization of Cultural Caracas - and beore - are very welcome. Industries Papers are invited, and if you plan to present a paper in Caracas, please in- Working Group III: Cultural Policies form the following person about this as 1. A Typology of Cultural Policies soon as possible! ," and Effects

._ . 2. Public arid Private Cultural Power: Contact: Practices and Institutions 3. Cultural Action and Participation Robin Cheesman 4. Cultural Policies and Models of Roskilde University Center Civilization P. 0. Box 260 DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Working Group IV: Creation and Creativity Session themes not identified.

'^ CONFERENCES , -., .; For further Information and paper titles, please write to the principal organizer The Burgos Conference of the symposium: Prof. Jos^ Vidal- Beneyto, Departmento de Teorla Soclol- An international symposium, "Cultural ogica, Facultad de Cienclas Polltlcas y Industries and Models of Society", met Soclologla, Universidad Compultense, in Burgos, Spain, July 3-7. It was spon- Cuidad Universltarla, Madrid, Spain. sored by UNESCO, the Council of Europe, and the International Research Committee on FORTHCOMING EVENTS Communication, Knowledge and Culture of the International Sociological Assoc- iation. More than 150 participants came Fourth Annual Conference on Marxist Theory from thirty countries. The symposium was organized around four Working Groups whose The Fourth Annual Conference on the sessions discussed Invited papers on spec- Current State of Marxist Theory will be ific themes. held at the University of Louisville, November 15-17. Papers and discussion Working Group I: Categories of Analysis sessions will be devoted to two general Themes of Sessions areas: 1) philosophical and meta-theoret- 1. Mass Culture, Popular Culture, cal inquiries into the nature of Marxist Elite Culture theory, and 2) applications of broadly 2. Establishment Culture, Counter- defined Marxist theory to historical and culture, Anti-Culture contemporary societies. For Information 3. State Culture, Regional and National write: Morton Wenger, Department of Culture Sociology, University of Louisville, 4. Transnational Culture, Cultural Louisville, Kentucky, 40208. Identity and Inter-Cultural Relations , '

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Call for Papers on Latin America Media on Latfn' America, August 1979. For more information and copies write: Raquel ' A panel, "Mediaj Culture and Society; la,,, Salinas, Radal 694 Pob. San Carlos, '

lratl^ j^erica," is being organized for Puente Alto, Chlle> > the 1980 Nat'iohkl Meeting of .the Latin American Stydied Association, which vill "Radical Social Theory and the Commun-' be held at Indiana University in Bloom- icatiotis Revolution," by Vincent Mosco and ington, November 1980. This panel will Andrew Herman. (Prepared for the Fourth ass$s3 ithle role of the mass media (radio, Annual Conference on the Current State of television, film and the popular press) Marxist Theory, November, 1979). This as an economic and political institution paper contributes to overcoming the lack .and as a cultural force iti modern Latin of a Miarkist analysis of the communications American societies. Contributors are revolution by analyzing the applicability expected to deal with the development of recent devielopments in Marxist theory and structure of the various media in for understanding the growth of commun- Latin America and/or their cultural im-r, ications media. "Specifically, the paper pact. In addition, one or two papers focuses on four central areas of contetnp- dealing with the theoretical issues con- orary Marxist social theory rand shows how cerning the study and evaluation of the work in these areas suggests an agenda of media ip Latin America are welcomed. Marxist communication research. These Proposed paper topics are subject to areas are the world capitalist system, a review process. Deadline for paper the state, the labor process, and the topic submissions is January 1, 1980. private or leisure sphere. A major theme •Contact: Fred Fejes, Institute of Comm- linking these diverse^ perspectives is unications Research, 222B Armory Building, that the communications revolution ts University of Illinois, Champaign, IL shaped by regional and class struggles, by

. 61820. powerful capitalist forces molding that " -'-^ '•• .' revolution to meet accumulation and ' ' :'.;•'.. . legitimacy needs and non-capitalist ' ' PAPERS TO NOTE , .. , , forces resisting hegemony and using communications to build, a new social "Latin America in March Towards Alter- Topics and works dealt with In native News," by Raquel Salinas. This order. ,this paper include: Media Imperialism paper summarizes the latest developments and the World Systems theories in the Latin American news field. The research of Wallerstein and Amin, the instrument- first section discusses the background - ,r (Miliband and Domhoff) and struct- and the preparation for the creation; of alist (Poulantzas) view of the state and the Latin American Agency for Special uraliist analysis of mass media, the Information Information Services (ALASEI), a new Society and hegemony of knowledge in the Latin American news service.' The second workplace, the use of leisure time, the presents results from a survey of reactions^ audience as a commodity. For copies of Latin Americafi media owneiris and 'press contact: Vincent Mosco, Dept. of Sociol- service users ta the creation of ALASEI. -^ ogy, Georgetown University, Washington, This survey was sponsored by UNESCO and D.C. 20057. the Latin American Association of Commun-

ication Researtjhers . Ftespondents gener- '"Cultural Values, in Telecommunications 'ally felt that present news and itiformation Policy: The Case of Kenya," by Robert setvices were: inadequate and they welcomed For trier. Arguing that the three major the creation of AJLASEI. the third section communication systems— oral, print and ' of the paper summarizes and comments upon eiectrohic--have different cultural some of the main advances And obstacles In values arid biases with correspondingly the field of Latin. America infoVraation and different social and political Implications news services. This paper; was 'prepared the author notes that developing nations for the Fifth Nordic Research' Cbhference are trying' to make a quick transition . , n \ ;

'-e- i :'{-. OV

-iur.t. .-5- • "''" PUBLICATIONS TO !!OTE

froni oral cultures to print and electronic, f- "The Transnational Corporation and the cultures simultaneously, an attempt that j International Flow of Information: results in serious conflicts, dislocationpj Challenges to National Sovereignty," by ' and problems for national development. Herbert Schiller. Current Research on

Examining the case of Kenya, the author Peace and Violence , 1/1979. Using trans- concludes that the country has determined-,;,; national data flow and remote sensing as ' technology is a " that telecommunications , examples, this paper argues that "...a najor tool in achieving development gqalg,.. combination of modern communication

Unfortunately this ha? led to cultural, .^ technologies have been developed. . . which

erosion and foreign economic penetration^ ; ignore and by-pass national decision- Recognition of the ritualistic nature of making. They are not, however, at the communication would allow the Kenyan disposition of some benign international leadership to understan-' both the differ- , authority. .. On the contrary, these ant communications cultures that exist ,;/V| advanced methodologies of communication in the country and the problems associated. , are available now, for the most part, to with penetrating these cultures with te^e- already-dominant United States governmental ccmmun'.cation technologies. This paper and private economic interests and instru-

is an interesting arid, at timesj provo- r mentalities. At the same time as these cativG attempt to apply some of the aspr, technologies reinforce the transnational ects of a cultural approach' to communi- . . corporations, they serve also to weaken cations to the problp.ms of national . the authority of; the national state." development. For copies contact: Rob^irt . Fortner, School of JournaMsm, Drake ,^ ,. Broadcasting,'' , "Public Policy in Venezuelan -, University, Das Moinds', lA 50311>.. by Fred Fej es . ( InterAmerican Economic Affairs ,' 32:4). The first part of this Adveit'tising. Agencies "Multinational- in , paper summarizes the development of radio Latin AmericA," by' fred Ffijes. The first- and television broadcasting in Venezuela of this pajier is a general overT. section , since 1930 with particular emphasis on

, view of the causes and consequences of ; . the political and economic factors involved. the e:cpansion of the international advert- The second section examines the current ising agenc}'- business since I960. The state of Venezuelan broadcasting as second section fociises on the growth in revealed by the 1975 RATELVE Report. Latin Asierica of multinational advertising Emphasis is placed on the strong position agencies, primarily 'Nbrth American^ It of private broadcasting companies vis-a'-rvis presents country-by-country data on the government regulation and the state broad- growth of such agencie3 since 1960 -and, casting system. The paper concludes with

- ' a b:?ief discussion of the social and, , an assessment of the possibilities or

cultural erfects of theiif presence, : Fpx:, national broadcasting policies that would copies contact: Fred j'tej.es. Institute of orient the Venezuelan broadcasting media

Conmiunications Reh'fearth^' 222B Armoryi Bldg. , towards meaningful'. de'velopmental goals. University of Il'liriCJis, Champaign ,IL: 61820. ,. For copies write: . .Fred .Fejes, above, h t- •. address. .; .. , ;: ,,-. "CoTrjuunication Accompanies "Capital' Flow, " by Herbert Schiller, (Paper prepared for the "Political Power, Public Access and the UNESCO International Commission for the Future of Communications," by Vincent

Study of Co'irimunicatlon Problems) . This Mosco. ( Public Telecommunications Review , paper reviews the expansion and present July/Aug. 1979) This paper presents an position of international advertising and analysis of the Communications Act of multinational advertising agencies. Part- 1979 and the manner in which the interests icular attention is given to advertising and goals of communication corporations, agencies in Third World countries and the such as RCA, AT&T, CBS and others, have resulting social and political problems. shaped the provisions of the proposed law. For copies write: Herbert Schiller, Of particular importance is that the Communications (D-003) , University of proposed law would negate all gains made California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093. in the last ten years by advocates of citizens' access to the media. s, .

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RECENT DISSERTATIONS INTERMEDIA . "An interdisciplinary journal of the arts, resources and communication, Raphael Cukubunna Anasiudu, The Benefits one of the few magazines dealing with work and Problems of African Countries' Partici- in the context of art as communications experience. Created as a vehicle to link pation in INTELSAT . Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois, 1979. The first the new art movement with variety of alternative movements. . objective of this study is to survey how .to stimulate a unified African countries utilize the INTELSAT alternative force of artists, writers, facilities for domestic, intra-African communicators and radicals that will some- and intercontinental telecommunications how work to change or alter the path of and to examine whether the introduction the current entropic system... a good port- of this new communication technology has ion of each issue is devoted to presenting revolutionized or merely reinforced the innovative and experimental art works. . patterns of flow of telecommunication that we also print reviews, criticisms, articles, African nations inherited from the colonial manifestoes, by, for and of interest to era. The second objective is to show that artists and communicators." Five issues as a result of the unequal distribution of have been published, the latest being wealth and technological resources among ENTROPY, containing material that comes at nations, a lop-sided development exists art from other disciplines, particularly in INTELSAT with technological benefits communication, philosophy and politics. flowing to a few advanced countries. For information and subscription write: African INTELSAT members, as mere clients INTERMEDIA, P. 0. Box 31-464, San Francisco, of INTELSAT services, benefit little from CA 94131. Intelsat's impact in the technological and industrial area. The third objective is NETWORK . This newsletter is a spin-off of to determine to what extent INTELSAT' the Resource Section of INTERMEDIA (above). formal and informal structures and Each issue averages about 16 to 20 pages decision-making processes are open to and lists hundreds of art groups, publi- input from smaller countries that lack cations, support organizations, individ- the technical skill and control of impor- uals, resources, media groups, etc. Anong tant resources. The primary sources of listings covered are Film, Photography, data are INTELSAT'S operating documents, Video, Public Access, Television, Radio correspondence, and interviews with and Media Action Groups. Subscriptions: INTELSAT and COMSAT officials. Other $5.00 for 6 issues. Write: NETIJORK News- data were gathered from the UN, ITU, letter, INTERMEDIA, P. 0. Box 31-464, FCC and Congressional sources. Contact: San Francisco, CA 94131. University Microfilms, 300N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 (forthcoming). Cuadernos de Comunicacion y Informaci6n . Edited by Juan Gargurevich, this new Latin American journal is dedicated to an exam- NEW AMD CURRENT JOURNALS ination of the role of communications and informatinn in progressive social transformation. The first issue (July-September Quest: a feminist quarterly , one of America's oldest journals of feminist 1979) contains the following articles: theory, is adding in each issue a feature "Mariategui y el Periodismo" by Juan section on media and culture. The jour- Gargurevich; "La Imposicidn del Dominio nal is interested in feminist theory and en la Esfera de la Comunicaci6n" by Herbert criticisms on all aspects of the mass Schiller; and "La Guerra de los Medios media using different theoretical ap- Masivos" by Enrique Gonzales M. In proches but written in a style that is addition to a book review section, there accessible to a general audience. Sub- is a section entitled "Noticiero" which contains useful information about develop- missions and ideas: Jayne Loader, Quest , P. 0. Box 8843, Washington, D.C. 20003. ments in Latin American mass media and communications research and available research resources. International ,

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sukscription price (air inail) The Structure of Mass Communication (Mass US $16 (make checks payable to Juan Communications 101, University of Calij^-

Gargurevich) . Address: Guadernos de fomia-Berkeley) . 1) Introduction and

Comunicacidn y Informaclon , Prolongacion Media History: The Rise of the Consuming Arenales 183, San Isidro-Llma 27, Perul Society-Advertising and Its Significance; The Rise of Radio and the Beginnings of Television. 2) The Structure of COURSE OUTLINE EXCH/UIGE Enter- tainment Production: The History and of Networks; Power In the last issue of CP we asked those of Structure Television Process in the Production of Enter- our readers who have taught or are teaich- and of News ing courses devoted to a critical ^Kamr- tainment. 3) The Structure Production: The Organization of News* ination of some communication issue or , of area (e.g. communication and culture, Ideology and the Ideal Objectivity. mass media and society, political econ- 4) An Approach to the Question of the Effects of Media: The Matter of Hegemony. omy of communitations , etc.) to send us Systems, and Imag- a copy of their course outline or a 5) Alternative Actual inable. Todd Gitlin, address above. course title. The purpose of this was.-r ; . .

to facilitate the exchange of course^ ... outlines among critical communication The Political Economy of Mass Communications in the United States (Communicatinns 180, researchers and teachers;. We are print- -, University of California-San Diego). ing the following course outlines and . ,. titles based on the responses we re- Historical Background; 20th Century: Cable TV, ceived to this request. For a copy of Press, Radio, Television, Cassettes, Satellite TV and Computer the course outline please write directly - Communications-Technology for War and to the respondent. Again we urge our, Consumerism; Crisis' in Monopoly Control;

readers to send us their course outlines , Prospects for a Deiiiocratic reconstruction and we: shall print them in the next issue. of Communications. Herbert Schiller, The New Communication Technologies: University of California-San Diego, The ;i D-003, Designing the "information Future ." Third College, Communications La 92093. (Speech Comm. 454, California State Jolla, California

University, Los Angeles). A brief ; , Introduction to Communications (Commun- history of the "new communication tech- c nologies" and a critical examination o^ ications 20, University of California- , ; San Diegbj . Selected Topics: The the so-called "iniformation age' they arej^. j Social and M&terial Bases of Human helping to brliig about; implications of; Culture and these developments for communication ,,<> Development; Language, Cbmmunifcatibns; Publics, Audiences, Free practitioners and others in the years ,. ahead' what can and will be done about Expression and Developing Capitalism' the "Information Future." Robert Radio: Fusion bf State and Corporate Business; Politics and Media in the . Jacobson, School of Architecture and ->. Fortune 500 Age.' Coimnunications Theories Urbana Planning, University of Cali- ; .-, in a' Changing World : Present and Future fornia-^os .'.npeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024. Issues of Technology, Social Control, - -1 _ . . , £, :f National Sovereignty and Cultural Auto- Mass Communications (Sociology 290, j .fr non\y in the Indilstrially Developed and University of California-Berkeley). ' ^>> Thifd Worlds. Herbert' Schiller, address Outlines of , a History of Mass Coraraunl- , aboVe. cation; 2) The Rise, Social Position and Meaning of Commercial CultuEft in the 20th Century; 3) Entertainment -,> AOOITIOMS TO TliE DIREClTORY and Ideology; 4) News and Idealogy. Todd Gitlin, Department of Sociology, The following are additions to the direc- University of California-Berkeley, tory that we published in the February and Berkeley, CA 94720'. June issues. If you are not yet listed and wish to be, please send information ,

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accordlng to the following format: posi- Jayne Loader. Filmaker, journalist. The tion, current address, permanent address Archives Project, Inc., 4717 Arlington (if different), general research interests, Blvd., Arlington, VA, 22203. Completing specific research intereets or current a feature film on pro-atomic and Cold War projects. propaganda and culture. Also interested In Marxist and feminist filiji theory, role Alvaro Barro8-L6nez. Journalist, Commun- of the family in American film, media ication Researcher, Staff Member ININCO- presentations of the Left. UCV, Venezuela. Address: ININCO-UCV, Apartado de Correos 60.102, Caracas 106, oie Prehn, Cand. phil. Holding a post- Venzuela. Interests: History of the Mass graduate scholarship at Institut for sprog, Media in Latin America related to the social kommunikation og kulturhistorie, Aalborg conflicts during 20th century; cultural Universitetscenter, PObox 159, DK-9100 imperialism and the Latin American commun- Aalborg, Denmark. Permanent address: ication system; the 'popular' genres: Jernaldervej 239 B, DK-821o Aarhus, comics, pulps, soap operas, etc.; mass Denmark. Generel research interests; media, political propaganda and adver - television- and radio news, television tisjbbg, alternative communication. consumption (receptionaesthetics) , social- Recently cocspleted research' isation theory. Project: Perspectives in "National Elections and Television/A the development of visual communication Research about the Image of the Candid- with special regard to alternative usage ates on TV." Still working on the second of cable tv and video on community level. phase of the same project and on a new Interested in contact with people working one about soap operas in Venezuela. with the same sort of problems.

Robin Cheesman, Associate professor. Media BOOKS TC Studies, Roskilde University Center, }TE P. 0. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Mattelart, Armand. Multinational Corp- Interests: Political economy of communi- orations the of Culture: The cation^ national and international and Control Ideological Apparatuses of Imperialism . communication policies. Project: cen- Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities tralisation and de-centralisation in broadcast media. Press, Inc., 1979. 304 pp. $37.50.

updated translation of Thomas Guback, Professor, Institute of This volume is an a work first published in France Communications Research, 222 Armory Bldg. in 1976. detailed, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820 The massively heavily documented study to "specify contours of USA. Interests: economic structure of attempts the mass communication industries; inter- the ideological offeiisi,ve of the ruling classes at the stage of the international communication flow. Current present national accumulation of capital, to dis- research: structure and policies of the film industry. cern the mobility of its agents, and to determine the transfers of power which Robert Jacobson. Research Associate, the present phase exacts." School of Architecture & Urbana Planning, evolution University of California, Los Angeles The first chapter examines the of and (UCLA), California 90024. Interests: the large multinational engineering and ways in Communication planning as a theoretical areospace manufacturers, the which a society determine and practical profession; the political their entry into new of and of economy of new communication technologies; modes production distribution mass culture. The production of electronic the role of communication systems in the warfare apparatus by the same agencies maintenance of the world capitalist ordet, producing culture is discussed in and alternatives; and criticisms of the mass chapter exposes the development ''information age" propagandists. 2, which of the phrase "national security" as a -

-9- convenient umbrella to justify the prod- For these local bourgeoisies, modernity uction of electronic weaponry. The tech- and the North American plan of manu- nology thus developed is transferred to facture and expansion, are equivalent. "civilized" uses (the production of mass culture via the media), and exported, using The political function of advertising the same marketing and distributing channels is examined in chapter 7. The inter- used to move weapons internationally. nationalization of advertising, and its role as a major vehicle of the multi- Chapter 3 details the International dif national corporations' ideological offen- f u-irr. of space technologies as the global sive, is illustrated with numerous exam- communications business experiences a re- ples, particularly from Third World volutionary expansion into space systems. nations. In these developing countries, The export of national systems, the mili- national opinion, goals, and progress often tarisation of communications, and the are decided by multinational corporations, inexorable move toward computerized, and then packaged and "sold" to the nation«ls interlocking global information systems by large a^lvertisine agencies- The controlled by a small group of multi- practice of acquiring a share in a national national corporations are all shown to company has become the method of choice for be part of this process. North American companies' expansion into foreign markets. In most cases, this leads The fourth chapter outlines the growth of to the North American company eventually multinational corporation-sponsored educa- taking over the foreign company, which tional institutions, designed to train then becomes another link in the inter- pro-business technicians, propogandists national chain of culture production agencies and others. The multinationals' production of educational hardware (audio- The final chapter analyses the struggle be- visual equipment) and software for use tween the giant industrial multinationals by a world-wide market, and the resul- and the giant service companies for control tant homogenization of education and of the global information/culture prod- culture is examined. Chapter 5 continues uction network. To order write: Humanities the investigation of the use of the new Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716. technologies for mass cultural production by looking at a new production system Bob Roberts for mass tele-education. This corporate Temple University sponsored tele-education series, developed in the U.S., is intended to serve as a universal model for the industriali- zation • of education on an international scale.

The consolidation of holdings in the cinema and the press as part of the process of the internationalization of cultural production is covered in the sixth chapter. The author points out that internationalization of cultural production is not simply the growing penetration of the market by North American enterprises. It is built up to the extent that local ruling classes, particularly in developing third world countries, are persuaded of the efficacy of the schemes and norms of pro- Auction that have proved themselves in Western (primarily U.S.) applications.

/yu-A^-vu^O 3^'A. Communication /dbx Perspectives ^ ^

VOL. II, NO. 2 DECEMBER 1979

. [iF-^-'- .ai-ilo!.

-xv i;j3r.;')' -''^ IMPORTAMT NOTICE TO OUR READERS

**fhe financial burden of publishing Communication Perspectives has hung over us since our first issue in October 1978, and for the most part it has not been resolved on a permanent basis. From the beginning we have received support from the Institute of Communications Research at the 53^ University of Illinois, and from ja[mimber of kind and generous readers who have provided us with very ^weipful' contributions totalling $228.

Our press run is 400 copies, pf which -215 are mailed outside the U.S., 125 within the U.S. and the rest distributed locally or held in reserve. Postage alone for each issue is about $75, and that only enables us to send CP by surface. mail, which is extremely slow for our overseas .jtr^cii^ readers. Fac^d/with the ineyitablei the Co-editors of CP feel that the

newsletter should not, and cannot ^ continue to rely upon the generosity of donors for financial support. We believe it is time for this newsletter to become self-supporting and we trust our readers share this conviction.

Thus our decision is to institute a very modest annual subscription fee of $3.00 (U.S.) that will cover production and mailing costs and will allow us hopefully to send the newsletter overseas via air mail printed

matter. ,; i;' -

We understand that many of our foreign readers may be in circumstances that' will not permit them to obtain a paid subscription due to currency _restrictions and other difficulties. If that is the case, then we ask those individuals to send us four (4) International Postal Reply Coupons to cover the Postal charges to the rieclpient's country.

We regret having to e^1:ablish this system, but it seems to be the only way in which CP can continue to be published on a regular basis without having to depend upon gifts and charity. On page 9 of this issue you will find a subscription form. Please complete that form and mail it to us together with your fee. '^ s

,'J The Co-editors

L PLEASE COMPLETE THE SUBSCRIPTION FORM ON PAGE 9. —

CoTwnmioation Perspectives page 2

COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES MAILING LIST Ai' POLICY ILET to Expand Mailing List Within the past few months we have received The Instltuto Latlnoamerlcano de Estudios number of reqiiests for a copy of our mail- a Transnacionales (ILET), a research insti- ing list. While we have felt that each of tute located in Mexico, Is very Interested these requests was for an extremely worthy In expanding its mailing list, particularly cause in line with the purposes and goals of to Include those communication researchers both this newsletter and critical communica- and other individuals located in the United tion research in general , we have decided States and Carjada who would be Interested after much deliberation and argument—not in the work ILET is doing. Within the past to make the names of our readers available few years ILET and the communication re- to anyona under any circumstances. We feel searchers associated with it have made sig- that we do not have the right to release to nificant contributions to the continuing others the names of our readers without debate on international communication their consent, and that permission we have Issues. Currently ILET is involved In a never sought. Those of our readers who have number of major research projects concemltig wished to be identified have opted to be communications and media in the Third World. listed in our directory, which has been Among its current research interests are the appearing in each issue. transnational structures of communication, the New International Information Order, For those who wish to reach Our readership, alternative communication, arid communica- we rsmind j^ou that the pages of Communica- tions and media in Latin American countries. tion Perspectives are open to all announce- In addition to research on communication ments of meetings, seminars and publlca- issues, researchers At itET also have tioiiB, requests for Information, reports focused on transnational corporations, and so on that are in line with the general North-South Economic relationships, and the goals of critical communication research. New International Economic Order. Thus w3 urge you to send us such material and it will be printed. People on ILET's mailing list will receive periodically such items as lists of ILET The Co-Editors publications and research reports, a list of ILET's present research activities, and announcements of future seminars and research projects. Those wishing to have T^Z^JNICATION, PERSPECTIVES their names added to the ILET mailing list should write: Instltuto Lr.-.inoamerlcan de Co-editors: Estudios Transnacionales, Apartado 85-025, i.sxico, Eileen Meehan Robin Kyle Nichols Mexico 20, D.F. , Jennifer Slack Fred Fejes ThoEss Guback Janet Wasko '-' ^ (Temple University) FORTHCOMING EVENTS Fifth Annual Midwest Marxist Scholars Con- Secretarial assistance: ference Marvene Blackmore The Fifth Annual Midwest Marxist Scholars Anita Specht Conference is scheduled to be held in Minneapolis at the University of Minnesota, Please send all correspondence to: May 1-4, 1980. The theme of the conference COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES will be "The Scholar as an Ally of Labor: Institute of Communications Research The Role of Education, Culture, and Technol- 2223 Armory Building ogy in the Class Struggle." Among the topics University of Illinois on which papers will be presented and discus- Champaign, Illinois 61820 sions held are progressive culture in strug- U.S.A. gle; critique of the function of popular mass culture; activism and scholarship; the scholar's role in the struggle for a Conmmioation Perspectives page 3

c'crT-^cratic educational system; and academic opportunity for personal contact among pro- repression and ideological control. For gram producers and experts, and a forum for more information contact: Prof. William discussion regarding future cooperation. Rowe, Dept. of Anthropology, 215 Ford Hall, Forty countries participated in the festival, University of Minnesota, 224 Church Street, each with three TV programs that were repre- S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55414, U.S.A. sentative of trends in the development of national broadcasting systems. At least Research/Study Tour of Caribbean sixty programs were shown during the week of the festival. All of these will be contrib- The International Commanication Studies 'pro- u t ed to a Program Bank of Non-Aligned gram of the School of International Service, Countries, from which any member can take The American University, announces a re- and use programs free of charge. It is the search/study tour of "Communication and hope of the Non-Aligned Countries that the National Development in the Caribbean" from program bank arrangement will mitigate the May 3-24, 1980. The tour will include present reliance on programs from developed Jamaica, Haiti, Cuba and Mexico. Partici- countries. An important aspect of the fes- pants will meet leaders in broadcasting, the tival was the discussion of actual experi- press, international relations, education, ence in TV broadcasting in the Non-Aligned and development in these countries. The Countries. Topics of discussion included tour will conclude in Acapulco, Mexico with 1) TV: an instrument of national indepen- the 30th annual conference of the Interna- dence and better understanding and coopera- tional Communication Association, entitled tion among Non-Aligned Countries, and 2) "Human Evolution and Development." TV in the service of education: a component of national, political, economic, and cul- Twelve students and professionals/scholars tural development. Also, some papers by will be selected based on their ability to participants were distributed. For further speak French or Spanish and/or their will- information, contact: Dr. Miroljub ingness to do original research. Applica- Radojkovic, Fakultet Politickih Nauka, Jove tion deadline is February 29, 1980. Stu- Ilica 165, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia. from The dents will take six to nine units Dr. M. Radojkovic American University. Tour cost is $1200 which includes airfare from Miami, most meals, accommodations (double occupancy), PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE programs and lectures. The tour will be led by Dr. Hamid Mowlana, expert in internation- "TV Ideology and Popular Culture," by Doug- al communication, and Mr. Howard Frederick, las Kellner. Socialist Revolution , Number specialist international broadcasting in 45 (Volume 9, No. 3), May-June 1979. This and Caribbean studie;. article analyzes "how television images, narrative codes, and mythologies convey For more information, contact Howard hegemonic ideology arid legitimate American Frederick at the School of International society." Kellner argues that the images Service, The American University, Washing- and narratives of American TV contain con- ton, D.C. 20016, U.S.A. tradictory messages, reproducing the conflicts of advanced capitalist society and ideology. The author concludes with some CONFERENCES - -:: exploratory analyzes of what forms emancipatory popular culture might take. First TV Festival of the Non-Aligned Coun- tries "Local Radio and Television Stations in Italy," by Giuseppe Richeri. International The first TV festival in Yugoslavia was held Commission for the Study of Communication October 5-10, 1979 in the Municipal Assembly Problems, No. 67. The development of local of Herceg Novi in Montenegro. The festival over-the-air broadcasting in Italy during was not competitive in character; rather, it the past four years not only has transformed was a review of the best schievements of the the radio and television system, but also broadcasters of Non-Aligned Countries, an has had repercussions on the whole network Communication Perspeatives page 4

of mass communication media. |n order to the French television system in the mid- understand what factors fostered this phe- 1970s and presents data showing how the nomenon, Rlcherl discusses the "reform" of multiple services have functioned and Radlotelevisione Italiana, (RAI) that began affected the ORTF. Future trends in in April 1975. Parliament reasserted the Rritish television also are analyzed, with

State's monopoly on ov^e^rthe-air rkdlo and oparticular reference to the BBC and ITA. i

television broadcasting. However, this was ^Available from Franco Angell Editore, viale r followed shortly by the, xj;une 1976 (f^t'ision iMonza 106, Milano 20127, Italy; single of the Constitutipinal Court,' wHlch ruled issue price is 3,800 l-ire. .ic-,;> that such a monopoly was not legitimate at , a local level. This ruling set the prece- .; I'Audio-rVdsuel et D^veloppement" is the sub- dent for the denationalization of' the n.ject of the July-September 1979 issue of

broadcasting sector and kindled a host of > lothe quarterly Revue Tiers-Monde [Third World reform efforts. At the same time, the HeviewJ. This number is under the direction

availability of new electronic techniques ' 1 of Yvonne Mignot-Lefebvre, who also contrib- of audio-visual production and dissemina- uted -the introduction and one^ of the arti-

tion facilitated the expansion of local cles t The collection declares that "the stations. A new ruling by the Constitu- risks of dependency and the reinforcement

r-j tional Court (Decision No. 202, July 1976) : of a one-way flow of information, from the ,.

recognized the legitimacy of private local ' center. to the periphery, are important and

over-the-air broadcasting operations and warrant-,being studied closely." The first ,.. contained precise provisions governing the section of the issue is a critical analysis regulation of. this sector. Richeri wSirns '' of centralized systems of communication, that Italy may be moving towards a broad- f^ controlled by the state, and/or by indus- casting system in which private local sta- trialized countries and multinational cor- tions serve an relays for oligopolistic porations. Particular attention is given networks competing with the State monopoly. to Ivory Coast, Colombia, and Mozambique. He argues that such competition' would The objective is to examine various kinds create difficulties for non-commercial of transfers-- technological, structures and

community stations and would not serve to organizations , knowledge , professionalism, develop the broadest social function of a etc. ,The second section, based upon several communications system. different national experiences, inquires whether a two-way flow of communication has "Modelli, di emittenza radiofonica locale in been made possible in some Third World Europe" [Structures of local radio broad- countries. A third section, which brings casting in Europe] is a 33-page paper pre- together documents concerning the global sented by Giuseppe Richerl at a colloquium influence of the "Third Cinema," includes on Public and Privaf' Organization and results of an infernational survey edited Local Radiotelevision, held in Florence by Guy Hennebelle. On sale from Presses (Italy), November 9-10, 1979. Citing the Unlversitaires de France, Service des _ United Kingdom, Sweden, Yugoslavia, Ireland^ P6riodiques, 12 rue Jean-de-Beauvais, 75005 and France, the study coihpares structures ParlSj France. Single issue price not given, and organizations of radio services, pro- but a foreign subscription for 1979 was 150

gramming, and the origin and future of fraucs*- . , local radio. The author points out how private, commercial broadcasting continues

;. to challenge state, public monopolies. -,,_j'. NEW AND CURRENT JOURNALS , For further information write: G. Richeri, Regione femilia-R'oma^na, vlale Silvani 6, third world is the English edition of 40i22 Bologna, Italy. -'^-" cuadernos del tercer mundo, which is also

-'0 ' ' -i ., : r- ; published in Portuguese. The journal is the "Francia e Inghilterra: 1 'benefici' della result of cooperation among an independent, concorrenza* [France and England: "Benefits' non-profit association of militant profes- of Competition], also by Giuseppe Richeri,. sional journalists frbrti over forty countries,

appeared in the April 1979 number of Ikon .! based in Mexico City. The taonthly journal The article examines the reorganization of has a circulation of 15,000 throughout Latin Communication Perspectives page 5

America, The July 1979 copy sent to CP for cross-plugging, or how entertainment con- review is the second English edition. The glomerates sell the same product in all aim is to reach a wider audience, particu- their branches; non-commercial radio

larly English-speaking readers in Africa, turns 30 ; and how Apocalypse Now changed Asia, the Middle East, and the Carrlbean, and didn't change moviemaking. There are as well as in Europe, Canada, the U.S., and also Interviews with such people as Jane Japan, third world is part of a large- Fonda, Howard Cosell, Clancy Slgal, and scale project that aims to provide alterna- Andrew Sarris. The cultural editor of In tive information about the realities and These Times is Pat Auferheide. Manuscripts

experiences of Third World countries : to and news reports are welcomed. For sub- provide Third World people with an aware- scriptions ($19/year) write: ITT, 5615 W. ness of the causes of underdevelopment and Cermak Rd. , Cicero, IL 60650. For editori- the means to overcome it; and to promote al material write: ITT, 1509 N. Milwaukee, cooperation among progressive sectors Chicago, IL 50622, U.S.A. throughout th^ world,.. Subscription rates '(including airmail); 10 issues for $22, 5 issues for $12, single issues for $2.50, ORGANIZATIONS^,. and back issues for $3. For information and subscriptions, write: PERIODISTAS Resources for Communication, headed by DEL TERCER MUEDO, Apartado 20-572, Robert F. Cramer, is an organization which offers professional help In the management.^ M&tico 20, D.F., I'Igxico , of Information resources. It has a docu- Alternatives Vorlesungsverzeichiiis (Alter- mentation service, PAGE, which is an acro- native Free-Neighborhood-Universities Cata- nym for Persons and Groups Everywhere.

log, or AFC) . The AFC is a catalog that This non-profit research service was accepts for publication all offers to established to share the data about com- teach or requests for learning that do not munication and human development Indexed violate hiiman rights or pertain to party Srom 100 pub ications and news services. politics. The AFC assumes that all teach- PAGE information services are available ers who participate in the program will on a free basis, in which Informal "Alerts" be seriously Interested. Each program and ''Bulletins" are provided to subscribers will operate Independently with no inter- or to persons and groups on an exchange ference or control by the editor of AFC. basis, and on a fee basis, which provides In general, no degrees or certificates specific names and addresses and/or bibli- are issues. The AFC makes possible a ographic references at a charge of $2.50 cooperative federation of regional educa- per page. For more information write: tional activities without centralization. Resources for Communication, 341 Mark West As a transnational network, AFC facili- Station Road, Windsor, CA 95492, U.S.A.

' tates communication between people of different nationalities, something which is particularly useful to people in iso- BOOKS TO MOTE lated situations and locations. The AFC has a strict policy of nondistriminatlon. Telecommunications Policy and the Citizen

For further Information contact : Bernhard edited by Timothy Haight (1979; 266 pp.). SUIN DE BOUTEMARD, Wilhelm-Baur-STR. 14, This volume is a collection of essays D-6145 Lindenfels/Odenwald 1, Federal devoted to a critical analysis of the the , Republic of Germany. recent attempt to drastically revise United States Communication Act of 1934. In These Times is an independent socialist As one contributor notes, while the global newspaper published on a weekly basis, trend is toward greater regulation of the reporting on mass communication and popu- communication/media Industries to achieve lar culture. Articles typically place a social goals, just the opposite is occur- phenomenon, trend, issue, or product in ring in the United States where serious a social context, for example, how PBS efforts are being made to deregulate programming is affected by network deci- these industries. The essays in this sions; independent film today; volume analyze various ways in which the Coimrunioation Perspectives page 6 proposed new communications bill would have best served still by little or no government harmed the interests of the public and lead regulation. Although the editor is unable to even greater concentration and corporate to raise and discuss any more of the criti- control of the U.S. media. Unfortunately, cal questions, this volume is invaluable as is often the case with books dealing with for the detailed economic information it current Issues, events outpace the printer. presents on the major American media. To For the present, rewrite attempts have order write: Harmony Books, Crown Publish- failed to get off the ground in Congress. ers Inc., 1 Park Avenue, New York City Fortunately, however, the essays in this 10016, U.S.A. Paperback price: $8.95. book generally succeed in raising and discussing a. number of basic issues that The Political Economy of Human Rights . transcend the legislative history of the Vol. 1: "The Washington Connection and rewrite. - The essays on the whole are par- Third World Fascism" (A58 pp.); Vol. II: ticularly good In their discussion of the "After the Cataclysm: Post VJar Indochina" relationship between the public and the (410 pp.); by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. privately controlled media and in the ; : Herman (1979). Writteh by the noted M.I.T. analysis of the politics and the corporate linguist and a finance professor at the issues involved in the rewrite. To order, Tfree press/media versus government control. Argentina fared during the five year period Indeed the concluding chapter tends to 1973-1978 which saw the return to power by argue that, in spite of economic concen- Peron, his death, and the return to authori- tration and control, the public good la tarian military rule. The bulk of the book ,

Communiaation Perspectives page 7

Is comprised of a descriptive day-to-day such changes are more a matter of form than account of events involving or affecting substance. The author counts it as a valvia- 'the media. With a fourteen page introduc- ble asset to the U.S. that English, tied '••tion that outlines the political background as it is to the culture of technology, is 6f the period, this volume is a valuable fast becoming the world language. While he source of information that illustrates the cautions English-speaking Americans to be effect of political inst.ability and repres- discreet in their satisfaction about this

's ion' on the media. Included in this volume trend, he muses that perhaps the world may is a list of the partisan journals that be "over the hump of psychological (politi- sprang up between 1973 and 1978, giving the can and cultural? Ed.) reluctance to let- name of the editor, date- of initial publi- ting one language serve an international cation, and a brief description of the role." I^Ihile he admits that the U.S. may ideology and character. To order write: perhaps be guilty of cultural imperialism, :-"The Fund for Free Expression, 205 East 42nd he nevertheless sees with satisfaction St., New York, NY 10017 U.S.A., $10.00 or that American cultural products are creat- Index on Censorship, 21 Russell St. ing a global entertainment culture, noting London WC2B 5HP, England, t5. with approval that, "Stars like Charlie Chaplin, John Wayne, Greer Garson, Clark

The British Media and Ireland - Truth ; the Gable 3 Elizabeth Taylor and Alec Guiness First Casualty (1979, 55 pp.). This short are already global society figures." Al- booklet is a collection of reprints and though Fisher tends to celebrate a one-world articles by British media professionals entertainment and technocratic culture, he and communication researchers who focus on calls upon Americans to change their think- the manner in which the British media have ing about the usefulness of trying to dealt with the conflict in Northern Ireland, export U.S. political culture. He suggests noting in detail the ways in which the news that Americans must be more tolerant of about Northern Ireland has been repressed, authoritarian (and repressive?) Third World distorted, and manipulated. There also are governments as such regimes are usually a number of articles that deal with the necessary, given the state of economic and manner in which Ireland and the Irish have political development in those countries. been portrayed in the media, both' histori- It is such viewpoints, along with the cally and at present. To order write: author's talent as a clear and concise Information on Ireland, 1 North End Road, writer, that make this book useful and a London W. 14 England. Cost: 50p must for those interested in how Establish- ment thinking on communications is clranging. American Communications in a Global Society To order write: Ablex Publishing Co., 355 by Glen Fisher (1979, 161 pp^^.). For those Chestnut St., Norwood, New Jersey 07648, interested in current Establishment think- U.S.A. $17.50. ing about the U.S. position in the debate on world communications, this volume provides a useful introduction. The author REQUEST FOR INFORf^ATIOM is & former member of the U.S. Foreign Service and currently with the Georgetown Fred Fejes of the University of Illinois University School of Foreign Service. He is presently engaged in research involving presents a very broad and thankfully well an historical study of the attempt by written discussion of the current issues North American networks (CBS, NBC) to in international communications that develop short wave radio broadcasting to acknowledges the fact that the debate is Latin America s.s an advertiser-sponsored far more complex than a siiiple struggle commercial service. The major areas of of "free-flow" vs. "authoritarian control." study are: network Involvement in short Indeed, this book would seem to suggest wave radio broadcasting 1930-1948; export that semi-official thinking on these advertising to Latin America by North Ameri-

matters has progressed far from the primi- can Affairs ; U.S. government propaganda to tive black and white sin^licities of Latin- America during World' Var II (the Freedom House and others. Nonetheless Rockefeller Office) ; and the post-war deci- one wonders after reading this book whether sion to use short wave radio as a government .

Communioation Perspectives page 8 cervice and the early history of the Voice of Permanent Address: Carretera de Sardanyola, America. Any information, papers, records or 18, 42 2§, Sant Cugat del Vall^s (Barcelona), other material related to any of the above Spain. General Research: Mass communication topics would be greatly appreciated. Please and society; structure and aspects of inter- contact: Fred Fejes, Institute of Communica- national communication. Projects: Mass tions Research, 222B Armory, University of communication research in Latin America

Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, U.S.A. (1960-74) ; New International Information Order and new strategies in Latin America. ADDITIONS TO THE DIRECTORY Preben Sepstrup, Associate Professor, Insti- The following are additions to the directory tute of Marketing, the Aarhus School of Eco- that we published in the February,, June, and nomics and Management, Ryhavevej 8, 821o September issues. If you are not yet listed Arhus v., Denmark. Interests: Consumption and wish to be, please send information of information, consumer information, adver- according to the following format: position, tising, public information; societal and current address, permanent address (if dif- long run effects of advertising. Project: ferent), general research interests, specific Ideologic and other social effects of adver- research interests or current projects. tising. Content analysis of historical and actual material.

Stuart Ewen. Writer and professor of com- . munication. Hunter College, CUNY. Address: Benedict Tisa. Position: Nonformal Educa- Box 453, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, tional Coiranuni cation Consultant. Address: New York, New York 10021, U.S.A. Interests: 616 Lees Avenue, Collingswood, New Jersey Social history of mass media, with a particu- 08108, U.S.A. Working mostly at the grass las focus on the rise of a mass culture roots levels in the Third World and the U.S., within the U.S.; the problem of cultural Tisa works with communications projects domination: social theory; advertising; using appropriate low-cost communication First World propaganda; cultural resistance technologies to transmit non-institutional and structural alternatives. Writings: information. The projects are community-

Captains of Consciousness : Advertising and orienteid and based on practical experiences.

the Social Roots of the Consumer Culture Research : Has done research in visual per- (NYC, 1976, 1977); "The Bribe of Franken- ception in Africa and Asia. Current Pro-

ctain" ( Journal of Communication , Fall, jects: Research in the use of lov7-cost 1979); etc. Current Project: Book, In the slides and cassettes, solar-powered field

Shadow of the Image , a social history of audio-visual equipment, and the use of mail the U.S. mass culture, commercial imagery, in communications. and the spectacular commodity society (special focus on automobile and fashion COURSE OUTLINE EXCHANGE imagery) To be published by McGraw-Hill. In the last two issues of CP we asked those Roque Faraone. Position: Chargd de Con- of our readers who have taught or are teach- ferences A I'Ecoles des Hautes Etudes en ing courses devoted to a critical examina- Sciences Sociales (former Ecole Pratique) tion of some area or issue of communication Current Address: 4, r^s, du Pare 91.300 studies (e.g. communication and culture, MASSY-FRANCE. General Research Interests; mass media and society, political economy of Latin American mass media; comparative communication, etc.) to send us a copy of economic and political basis of mass media their course outline and reading list. The in capitalist and socialist societies; purpose of this is to facilitate the exchange international news. Current Projects: of information among critical communication Dialogue "North-South" in French press. researchers and teachers. We are printing summaries of the following course outlines Marcial Murciane. Position: Professor based on the responses we received to this Adjunto del Dto. de Teorfa de la communica- request. For a complete copy of the course cion. Current Address: Facultad de Dien- outline please write directly to the respon- cias de la Informacion, Universidad Autonoma dent. Again we urge our readers to send us de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. their course outlines and we shall print : i

Communication Perspectives page 9

summaries in the next issue. Also we want British Mass Media: 11. British Mass Media: to express our thanks to those who have al- National and Polarized; 12. Contrasting ready sent us copies of their course outlines. Media Histories; 13. British toss Media: Politics, Oxmership and Control; 14. Trade Global Communications and International Unions, Occupations and Audiences; Countre- Affairs (Sociology, Georgetown University). vailing Forces?; 15. Royal Commission on Course Topics: How the U.S. Government Makes the Press, 1974-1977; 16. The Annan Report Policy on Global Communications; The U.S. on Broadcasting, 1974-1977. Ill) The Mass International Telecomnunications Industry Media in Other Countries; 17-18. France

(Manufacturers /Carriers) ; The Major Users: and West Germany; 19-20. The Media in the Military and Civilian Governments Finance, United States; 21-22. Media Imperialism; Commercial Aviation; Challenges from the 23-24. Marxism and Functlonalism Revisited. Communist Semi-Periphery; Challenges from the Jeremy Tuns tall. Professor of Sociology, Periphery; Challenges from within the U.S.; Department of Social Science and Humanities, UNESCO and the New World Information Order The City University, Northampton Square, INTELSAT and World Satellite Networks; WARC London EClV OHB, England. and the Future of International Communica- tions. Vincent Mosco, Dept. of Sociology, Political Economy of Communications (Com- Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. munications 468, University of Illinois). 20057, U.S.A. 1. Introduction; 2. Knowledge, Research, and Documentation; 3. Rise of the Market Mass Communications (Dept. of Social Sciences for Entertainment and Information; 4. The & Humanities. City University, London). I) Arts in a Capitalist Economy; 5. Organiza- Mass Media: Perspectives, Theories & Methods: tion and financing of the Post Office; 6. 1. Is Mass Communication Possible?; 2. "Mass" Postal Service since Reorganization; 7. and "Critical" v. "Administrative" Communi- Initiation of Public Utility Regulation; cation Research; 3. The Marxist Media Cri- 8. The Nature of Public Utility Regulation; tique; 4. The Frankfurt School and Mass Cul- 9. Patents, Competition, and Monopoly; 10. ture; 5. Functlonalism and Mass Media; 6. Antitrust and Communication Industries; 11. Effects on Media Audiences; 7. Uses and Spectrum Management and Telecommunications; Gratifications of Audiences: 8. Political 12. Motion Picture Industry; 13. Publishing Parties, News and Public Opinion; 9. The Industries; 14. Recorded Music Industry; Analysis of Media Content; 10. Administra- 15. Issues in International Communication tive V. Critical and Quantitative v. Quali- and Domination. Thomas Guback, Institute tative - The Additional Example: Studies of of Communications Research, 222B Armory Journalists and Communicators. II) The Building, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, U.S.A.

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Send this form with If you must send your fee directly to our bank subscription fee to: account, the name, number and address is given COin-TUNICATION PERSPECTIVES below. However, please still send this form Institute of Communications directly to us so that we may have a record. Research COl^MUNICATION PERSPECTIVES ACCOUNT #32-430-1 222B Armory Champaign County Bank and Trust Co. University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A. Cliampaign, Illinois 61820, U. S.A. Communication Perspectives Institute of Communications Research University 'Of Illinois 222B Armory. Champaign, Illinois 61820 676702 i-

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; ' n .. -.fj:, !, Perspectives

VOL. II, NO. 3 APRIL 1980

TO OUR READERS

SUBSCRIPTION FEE

As announced in the last issue of Communication Perspec'tiv^B Vg^ have ~decided tO' institute a $3.00 annual subscription fee to cover the- ptoduci^fion and mailing costs of the newsletter. Since that annbun'dement we" -dire' happy to re'port

. that we have received a large number of replies from our reiaders who sent us subscription fees, thus insuring the survival and, hopefully, "the' improvement of, this newsletter. Starting with the Summer 1980- issue!, CommuniC'ation Per-

spectives will be mailed according to our subscription lists. ^ i

To those of our readers who have mailed their subscriptions, we thank you for your support. Moreover, to those of you who sent us a contribution in addition to the subscription fee, we are especially grateful. To those of our xeaders

who have not yet sent us their subscriptions, we urge you to do so at onbe inil :>'- order that you may not miss the Summer 1980 issue. A subscription form is on page 11 of this issue. Please complete that form and return it to us together with your fee.

A NEW DIRECTORY ' ..^^.:.- .

One of the most popular and useful sections in Communication Perspectives has been the Directory. ,We have published Directory entries for over eighty individuals from Europe, North America and Latin America engaged in critical com- '

munication research and practice. Along with their names and addresses, the. • r, entries have listed their interests and current research and/or professional -! r ; projects. The greater portion of these entries have been published in the ' -E.'.J'i

i- February and June 1979 issues. However, since that time we have had a riumbe'r;"' : i^'^ of new readers and some of the earlier information mav'have become outdated.' /noi' Moreover we would like to make the Directory an annual feature. Thus we ask each of our readers to complete the Directory questionnaire found on page 11 and return it to us. Even if you have had your name listed in a recent issue of the Directory, for the sake of completeness, we ask that you fill out' this form. c

WE NEED MATERIAL ;:'• -

Since the beginning of publishing Communication Perspectives we have been "."}' receiving a steady stream of information and material to be included in this*

newsletter. We thank you all for taking the time to send information. To ': those Of you who have not sent 'anything, we remind you that this newsletter relies' solely on the iriformatibti sent by readers. So please send information about new publicatioiis, ongoing and completed research, past and future events. Communication Perspectives page 2 or anything else that may be of interest to Kling (Computer Science, University of those sharing a left, radical, progressive, British Columbia) . Also invited are Abbe marxist or critical approach to the study Mowshovritz (Computer Science, UBC) , Todd and practice of mass media and communica- Gitlin (Sociology, University of Califor- tion. We are particularly interested in nia, Berkeley) and Arthur Asa Berger publishing notices, announcements, or (Broadcast Communication Arts, San Fran- abstracts of articles dealing with some cisco State University) . There will be a aspect of the mass media and/or communica- nominal registration fee for accommoda- tion from a critical perspective, particu- tions and meals. For information, contact larly if these articles appear in the more the conference coordinator, Michael Real, traditional journals and periodicals. at (714) 755-3060. The Co-Editors Political Economy Section/IAMCR

The 12th conference of the COriFEREHCES International Association of Mass Communication Research- West Coast Critical Communications Confer- ers (lAMCR/AIERI) will be held in ence Caracas, Venezuela, August 25-29, 1980. The general theme of the conference is The fourth annual West Coast Critical Com- "New Structures of International Communica- munications Conference is on! This event, tion: The Role of Research." The Political traditionally held at Stanford University's Economy Section is currently organizing a Institute for Communication Research, is program for the conference. Three themes being hosted this year by San Diego State have been suggested to serve as the basis University's Department of Telecommunica- for the section's three half-day meetings tions. The conference will take place to be held at the Caracas conference: The May 9-11, 1980 and will discuss such State and the Information Media; Capital- issues as political economy and communica- ist Strategies for Communication Develop- tion policy and education for critical ment; and Political Economic Perspectives studies of communication. Keynoters of the "New International Information include Herbert Schiller (UCSD) and Rob Order." Suggestions are invited for themes and for papers to be presented at the section's meetings. Both the themes and the papers should be meaningful in themselves and relevant to the general theme of the conference. If you have any interest in contributing ideas or papers (even if you cannot attend the conference COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES in Caracas), or if you have any ideas con- Co-editors: cerning the future work of the Political Economy Section, contact Robin Cheesman, Eileen Meehan Robin Kyle Nichols Media Studies, Roskilde University Centre, Jennifer Slack Fred Fejes P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Thomas Guback Janet Wasko Information about the conference and lAMCR (Temple University) in general can be obtained by writing Secretarial assistance: Peggy Gray, Centre for Mass Communication Research, 104 Regent Road, Leicester LEI Marvene Blackmore 7LT, England. Anita Specht World Communications Conference Please send all correspondence to: WORLD COMMUNICATIONS: DECISIONS FOR THE COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES EIGHTIES will be held in Philadelphia, Institute of Communications Research May 12-14, at the Hilton Hotel. George 222B Armory Building Gerbner, dean of the Annenberg School of University of Illinois Communications at the University of Penn- Champaign, Illinois 61820 sylvania, is the organizer. About fifty U.S.A. papers will be presented under such broad headings as: 1. Current and Cross-Currents - —

Corrmuniaation Perspectives page 3

in Media Flow; 2. Policy Issues in Develop- modeled on the successful Midwest Marxist ment Support; 3. Communicatioris Technology Scholars Conferences now in th?lr fifth and Rural Development; 4. What is the 'New year. The New York ;.ro§eting will be held International Information Order'?; 5. at Hostos Community College in New York; ''Transnational Data Systems; 6. A Post-WARC City. For information write: Eastern ' View of the Spectrum; 7. International Marxist Scholars Conference, 202 West Organizations and Systems; 8. Telecommuni- 49thvSt.^;Rm. 1201, New York, NY 10018,

cations Policy Developments in Western U.S.A. T .; Europe; 9. The I^ole of the IndividuaI-- y<'' Personal l^eedsa^d, Rights; 10. Tradition CURRENT-EVENTS ,-: and Revolution—^Theoretical Perspectives. the Struggle for Irish Television It is anticipated that there will be high level participation from many countries -For over 800 years Ireland has been a vic-

and that the meeting will be a. virtual tim of English colonialism and imperialism. summit meeting of leaders in world communi- By the end of the last century the Jrish cation. More. information from: Elvij^a nation had disintegrated, the native, lan- Lankford, Conference Manager, Annenberg guage— Irish—had all but disappeared and School of Communications, Uniyersit;^ of the classical social, cultural, and psycho-

...Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104!, . U.S.A. logical characteristics of a colonised, people were rampant. The first two decades African Studies Symposium ' of this century, however, were years of Several divisions and departments of the renewal of cultural identity, national University of Illinois are sponsoring the coTisciousness, and political and military 7th annual symposium in the African Studies struggle for Independence. l>Jhen direct Program. This year's theme is LITERATURE, control of all Ireland became no longer FILM. AMD SOCIETY IN AFRICA—DIALECTICS OF feasible, Britain protected her Interests ARTISTIC CREATIVITY AND SOCIAL CONSCIOUS- by setting up the "Northern Ireland" state NESS. The program begins Wednesday evening, within borders containing a majority of An . April 30, with the American premiere of descendents of British colonists. Sarah Moldoror's latest film, Un Dessert alliance, was then, formed in 1922, vrLth the

Pour Constance , and: concludes at noon pn bourgeois section of the national movement. Saturday, May 3. Individual sessions, The underground all-Ireland republic, the with invited papers and discussions, are r "Republic of Ireland which effectively .-.•devoted to the following topics: 1. Litera- "ruled much of the country, was disestab- ture and Fllm-T-The Question of Language lished and a bourgeois state, the Irish and Audience; 2. Oral Narrative and Film Free State, was placed in charge of the Problems and Possibilities; 3. Images of mainly nationalist part of the country. Women in African Literature and Film; 4. Opposition was crushed with unprecedented Literary and Cinematic Explorations of savagery. The Irish Free State was com- Oppression and Liberation; 5. Literature pelled by the force of public opinion to and Film—Problems and Possibilities of afford considerable support to cultural Production and Distribution. The following "decolonisation, particularly in the field a recovery films also have been scheduled.? Samblzanga , of education. This resulted in the 1970s Omar Gatlano , Ceddo , Harvest,; 3000 Years , 'of the Irish language and by

Xala , and Povo Organizado . ;, Many of the about 30% of the population could speak film-makers will be present. More informa- It, while a large percentage of the re- tion from: Professor Evelyne Accad, Depart- mainder were receptive blllnguals. The ment of French, University of Illinois, Irish television' service Radio Telef£s Urbana, IL '61601, U,^S.A.. Eiifeann (RTE) was set up in 1961 allegedly to coxinter th6 cultural influence of the Marxist Scholars Conference British' TV services beamed to large sec- The First Annual Eastern -Marxist Scholars tiottS of the "population. But all the Conference will be held in New York City techhology, skills, and knowledge were October 17-19. The theme of the confer- Imported from Britain and the USA. Al- ence is ''Myths, Illusions, Realities:, though it was publicly owned, the new Marxist Critiques of Capitalist Culture service had to find about half its revenue in the United States." The gathering is in advertising while competing for a large Communiaat-ion Perspectives page 4

•» section of its viewers with the three Brit- an illegal radio station. In response the ish TV services. Not surprlsinp.ly, the new RTE Authority has just announced it will increase its of i- service was dominated by Anglo-American output Irish-medium pro- material, which now accounts for over 60% grammes to 20% of all home production of output. which in turn is to be increased to 50% of total output of TV material. For informa- Iti 1973 a bizarre development in Government tion and publications write: Maolsheachlalnn policy provided the catalyst for a national Caollaf, Conradh na Gaeilge, 6 Sraid campaign in line with the movement for a Fhearchair, Baile Atha Cliath 2, Ireland. New World Information Order. For^ reasons Maolsheachlalnn Caollaf

associated with the efforts of the British . Government to re-establish its grip on Ire- CURRENT RESEARCH land, the Irish Government decided to rebroadcast the three British TV services Manuscripts Wanted for CINEMACTION throijighout the country in competition with CINEMACTION is both an association and an .;. RTE. Despite overwhelming support by the informal group of film critics, directors, ,..• print media for the Government's proposal, and teachers concerned T

, The Government backed down, but not before should deal v/ith the following questions: the responsible Minister, Conor Cruise- 1) How are nev7 techniques used by film- O'Brien, had stipulated that a minimum of makers involved in political and social h' 80% of the material on the new channel action? 2) Are there new publics being mustbe of British or U.S. origin. Since reached? 3) How to expand audio-visual ,, 1976 the Mass Media Sub-committee of centers and nevr forms of free access by Conradh na Gaeilge developed has a broad different social groups? Articles should h r campaign against Anglo-American domination be limited to 10 pages. Deadline for sub- •• , of TV and against the commercialism that mission is June 15th. For further infor- is threatening to gain a foothold in the mation write immediately to Annie Benvenlste, ovmership of radio, vrhich is still publicly 30 Avenue des Gobelins, 75013 Paris, France. owned. The positive demands are for an increase in home-produced TV material, a COMMENTS ^ balanced intake of material from all world sources, and a full spectrum of programmes "The Strange Luncheon with Professor Jay in the Irish language. At present, pro- Blumler ' grammes in Irish occupy less than 4% of The Midwest Communications Minlconference TV time. Conventional campaign methods are is hardly a setting in which one would combined with unconventional actions expect an international figure such as Jay including occupations of RTE premises, Blumler to launch an attack against criti- climbing of broadcasting towers, refusal to cal communications research in general and pay TV licence fees resulting in Imprison- the British critical researchers in ment of several members, and operation of —j —

C&rmrrunication Perspectives page 5 particular. However, this is precisely what especially research, on the political econo- occurred at the Sixth Annual ''idxrestern Mini- my of communication. Divided into three conference held in April at the University sections, the first part of an issue usu- of Wisconsin, Madison. ally described and critiques publications from Italy and other countries that are The Tfiniconference represents an attempt by relevant to communications as well as pre- the major communications prograirs in that sents overviews on cpnununication research region of the United rotates to acquaint their in various countries (e.g. , FRG, France, graduate students with the research done in Spain, various Latin American nations, USA). other programs and with like-minded students The second section is dedicated to the anal- enrolled in other schools. Ag suchj the con- ysis of problems and processes at the ference stresses social interaction around national level and to articles analyzing common problems in research. This rather special topics such as the press, theatre, informal event has, in the last two years cinema, radio, television, sport, music, and included a luncheon honoring a scholar-in- book publishing. The third section presents residence at the hosting department. After a s3nnposium of articles addressing a par- the usual luncheon fare the youthful particular topic, e.g.i cultural imperialism, ticipants have been addressed by such grand the Italian reform of radio-television, mer- old men in the field as Wilbur Schramm on the chandising of cultural products, technology Indian satellite project and Jay Blumler on and sources of information, and the McBride trends in media research. -- report on world communication. Among the contributors have been A. Abruzzese, G. In pointing out where research was needed to Barile, R. Bertoiazzi, F. Casetti, M. de bolster the current mainstream tradition Moragas, P. Fllchy, N. Garnham, R. Grandi, here identified as uses and gratifications T. Guback, F.. Iseppi, A. Mattelart, L. Blumler argued that mainstream researchers Paldan, A. Pilati, I. Ramonet, R. Salinas, must become involved in institutional and H. Schiller, T. Varis, and M. Wolf. For organizational research. To his audience of subscription information write to the editor, mainly neophyte effects researchers, Blumler Giovanni Cesareo, Franco Angeli Editore, stated tliat institutional and organizational Viale Monza 106, 20127, Mlano, Italy. research were too important to leave in the hands of researchers who were blinded by POSITIONS AVAILABLE theit own ideology. In his references to There are three job openings in a project the work of British critical researchers, of the International Center of Higher Stud- Blumler identified ttro failings: first, the ies of Communication for Latin America lack of research measuring audience effects (CIESPAL) at the Facultades y Escuelas de and, second, their inability to account for Comunicaclon in Quito, Ecuador. This the role of groups other than a unified rul- five-year project is currently in its first ing class in the complex hegemonic structure year and these particular jobs will begin of society. iU! though obviously not Blumjer's in January 1981. Applications from quali- terms, the gi^t of his argument can be char- fied candidates v/ill be considered for the acterized 'iti' this manner. Blumler has essen- following specializations: a) methods and tially charged the British critical research- techniques of communication research; ers with doing interesting v;ork, although b) city planning of communication; and misguided by their vulgar materialism. c) institutional conmunication. For a description of the positions and further Blumler' s ktitack was marshalled agiitist a information, immediately contact: Dr. Luis body of research unknovm by the fnajority of Eladlo Proano, Director General, Departa- his audience. The tragedy her^ is two-fold: mento de Formacion Profesional de CIESPAL, one can only laimetit what these youthful Apartado 584, Quito, Ecuador. researchers have riot tead and what this grand ol

zations sought are film production, radio ^, (IMKRC) and International General (IG) have production, TV production, low-cost alter- put out another issue in their bibliographi- r.-';a media (cassettes, slides, etc.), devel- cal series on critical communication research.

- opment communication theory and practice, The purpose of the series is to provide com- and communication research methods. A pro- prehensive, multilingual, annotated listings gressive perspective and an appropriate of past and current marxist studies on all Master's degree essential. Apply vrith all aspects of communication. Those of our particulars to Director, Caribbean Insti- readers who have seen and used the earlier tute of Mass Communication, University of issues in this series know what an invalu- ' tlie West Indies, Mona, Kingstcn 7 Jamaica. able research resource they are. Each

• issue contains more than 500 entries BOOKS TO NOTE indexed by subject, author, and country. Cost of No. 6-7, $6.50. Cost of earlier Marx & Engels on the Means of Communication ; issues: No. 1-2-3, $5.00: Ko. 4-5, $4.00. A Selection of Texts edited by Yves de la add shipping costs of 10% with minimum .aye. This is a collection of Marx's and of $.50. To order, vrrlte either Inter- Engels' l?asic texts on the means of com- national General or International Mass munication» information, and transportation; Media Research Center, address above. Its purpose is to contribute to the development of a materialist analysis of the media The Sunday Times Thalidomide Case: Con- and to combat dojnina-'.t bourgeois communica- tempt of Court and the Freedom of the Press tion theory. It (Jemonstrates how the analy- by Murray Rosen (197^,. 130 pages). This tical method of historical materialism can report, prepared jointly on behalf of the be used to-,,ynderstand the complex relations Bfitish Institute of Human Rights and between the media and society that arose Writers & Scholars Educational Trust, deals .dwring the ;l^th century. This is relevant with a milestone case in English law with to developing a critical method in order respect to the law of Contempt of Court, to unde;Eistand the communication forms the role of the European Convention on developing in our time. The contents of kuman Rights, and the, present state of free the boqk include an introduction by Yves particular legal , expression within the de la Haye; selected texts by Marx and orders. Rosen summarizes the evolution of Engels on a) relations of exchange and the Sunday Times Case , vrhich began with their history, the role of merchant's the Attorney-General's . applicatioTV' to the capital, and the' means of communication in Courts to prevent publication of the Times the piro'ductloh-circulation contradiction, Nevjspapers Ltd.'s article tracing the b) thie rolfe 6f\the means of communication history of the testing and marketing of in tVi^ modification of social relations, the drug thalidomide. The justification the' creatibri of a 'new type'' of person, the of the ban was that publication of the advent of coinpetition, and the destruction article would constitute Contempt of of traditional forms of community, c) the 3- Court, "a general term which covers , wide appearance and expansion of the modem variety of conduct obstructing or tending means of communication, especially the to interfere with the administration of railway, and their consequences, d) the justice." It was contended that the arti- transportation industry as the articulation cle would prejudice the long pending liti- betv7een production and circulation; and a gation between the drug company and the selected bibliography. To order write: parents of children affected by the drug. INTERNATIONAL GEHERAL, P.O.Box 350, New The decision to ban was upheld as high as York, NY 10013, U.S.A. or International, the House of Lords. The case was then Mass Media Research Center, 173 Av de la taken to European Commission of Human Dhuys, 93170 Bagnolet, France. Order Rights and finally the European Court of number: 0-88477-013-3. Cost: $4.50 plus Human Rights t h - the injunction was 10%, with a minimum of $.50 per book to declared discriminatory. The European Court cover postage and handling. has no real jurisdiction in England, but it is very Influential and the decision has Marxism and the Mass Media: Towards a rendered the restructuririg of the Contempt Basic Bibliography No. 6-7 (April 1980). of Court Doctrine inevitable. In addition The International Mass Media R.esearch Center .

Communiaation Perspeotives page to summarizing the case, Rosen examines the immensely in type and kind, not only from evolution of the Contempt of Court Doctrine country to country, but even across media and the way in which it has operated as a within an individual country. In light balance between fair trial and press free- of his analysis, the various past and dom; the way in which other jurisdictions current attempts (a la Freedom House and handle fair trial-free press conflicts; the the Inter-American Press Association) to influence of the European Convention; and classify the media in various Latin Ameri- the implications of the case. For copies can countries as either "free'' or "unfree" of this spiral-bound book write to INDEX seem not only unconvincing, but fundamen- ON CENSORSHIP, 21 Russell St., London, tally vrrong-headed. As the author argues, WC2B 5HP, England; or 205 E. 42nd St., New although previous studies have focused on York, NY 10017, U.S.A. The cost is 4 or the type of government restrictions US $8. placed on the media, "'...the present studies repeatedly show that two important Keeping the Flame; Media and Government variations can occur—media can influence in Latin America by Robert N. Pierce (1979, or even bully the government, and even 270 pp.). As there is currently a paucity when the government tries to restrict the of literature in English on Latin American media, their response to the effort often media, any full-length study of the subject can have more to do with their freedom is welcomed. Moreover, when a study has as than any other factor.'' its subject Latin American media-government relations and succeeds not only in eschewing Pierce's own attempt to offer a four-fold the sirple minded rhetoric and inflated typology of media-government relations generalities that so c'ten surround this based on the media's posture toward the topic, but also in analysing with care the government (the Disclosive-Adversary Pos- political, economic and social realities ture, the Cautious Posture, the Collabora- within xirhich such relations exist, then tive Posture, and the Absorbed Posture) indeed such a study is doubly welcomed. shows the difficulties inherent in any It is for these reasons that Pierce's book generalizations as examples from each on media and government in Latin America type can be drawn from almost every country. should receive the serious attention of It is somewhat startling, for example, to every communication researcher and media find Pierce classifying the journalistic professional interested in Latin America. media of both Haiti (a poverty-ridden dic- tatorship) and Venezuela (a seemingly pro- Pierce is not what one would call a criti- gressive, oil-rich democracy) as "cautious." cal communication researcher, as his point But as Pierce notes, the media in both of view perhaps could be best described as countries tend to avoid impartial editorial a skeptical liberalism. His main goal in criticism of the government and/or disclo- tVtis work is "...not to discover what is sive reporting, although for different wrong with media-government relations in reasons. Latin America, but rather what exists ." (author's emphasis). Through a comparative IfJhile one can no doubt find fault with analysis based on case studies of Argentina, Pierce's scheme of classification and his Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, conclusions, this study is nevertheless a Costa Rica, and Venezuela, he highlights the refreshing look at a topic all too often influence of varying factors on media- subject to cliches and tired thinking. To government relations, noting not only what order write: Communication Arts Books, attitude the various governments take tov/ard Hastings House Publishers, 10 East 40th their national media, but also what attitude Street, New York, Wi 10016, U.S.A. the various media take toward' their own government PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE Within the past few months two film cata- The major value of this study, aside from logs have come out that may be of interest the great deal of useful information found to our readers. The first is the 1980 in the individual case studies, is that it Film Catalog of UNIFILM. UNIFILM is a convincingly demonstrates that media-govern- new distribution company that was created ment relations are very complex and differ Corrmunication Perspectives page 8 r'.'; the merger of the Tricontinental Film and contained a number of articles dealing Center and the Latin American Film Project. with the teaching of mass communications The 80 page, illustrated catalog lists over from a critical perspective. In the 200 titles of short, medium and feature words of the introduction by Richard length films in 18 different subject areas, Ohmann, "These articles are about teaching from African Studies to Women Studies. As mass culture politically, and using mass UWIFILI-t has a special commitment to seeking cultural forms to teach a liberated poli- out and making available socially relevant tics." Among the articles are "Teaching and artistically innovative films, this cata- Cosmopolitan : Theory and Practice" by log would be of value not only to those seek- Ellen McCracken, which deals with teaching films for classroom use, but also for ing students how to critically examine a wider purposes. For copies of the catalog mass ciilture artifact, the fashion maga- and other information x>?rite: UNIFILM, 419 zine Cosmopolitan ; "Teaching Mass Media" Park Ayenue South, New York, NY 10016, U.S.A. by James Donald, which outlines an approach to^the teaching of mass media from a criti- The setond catalog is titled Reel Change: cal perspective, stressing the integration A Guide to Social Issue Films edited by of theoretical learning and the students' Patricia Peyton. It indexes over 500 dra- media practice; and "As the (White, Middle- matic features, documentaries, shorts, ani- Class) World Turns: Teaching Soap Operas" mation, videotape and slide shows. Although by Susan Radner. Copies of this issue the guide is not connected with a specific aire available for $2.00 apiece. Write: distributor, it does provide information Radical Teacher , P.O.Box 102, Kendall where specific films may be obtained. Square P.O., Cambridge, MA 02142, U.S.A. The paperback price is $6.95 plus $1.25 for postage and handling. Copies may b6 ordered "News as Ideology and Contested Area: from The Film Fund, P.O.Box 909, San Fran- ToWaird a Theory of Hegemony, Crisis, and cisco, CA 9A101, U.S.A. Opposition" by Todd Gitlin. Socialist Review 48 (Vol. 9, No. 6) November- Last December the United States National December 1979. This article is a dis- Commission for UNESCO sponsored a 3 day tillation of Gitlin' s forthcoming book. conference titled TOWARD AN AMERICAN AGENDA The l^ole World Is Watching ; Mass Media FOR A NEW WORLD ORDER OF COMMUNICATIONS. in the Making and Unmaking of the New

The conference was hosted by the Henry W. Left , University of California Press, 1980. Grady School of Journalism of the Univer- In the article Gitlin examines the origin sity of Georgia. The panel topics included nature, transformation, and role of what ''Freedom and Order in Future International he calls "news frames.'' Frames are "per- Communications," '"The Free Flow of Infor- sistent patterns of cognition, interpre- mation: Re-examining a Traditional Value," tation, and presentation, of selection, ''The Business Community's Stake in Global emjihasis, and exclusion, by which symbol- Communications," "Communications Revolution handlers routinely organize discourse, in an Interdependent World: A Growing Flow whether verbal or visual.'' The theoreti- and Attempts to Restrict It." The partici- cal foundation of Gitlin' s analysis is the pants included U.S. government officials, Gramscian idea of hegemony, as further some well-known communication researchers, elaborated by Raymond Williams and Stuart business men and women involved in Inter- Hall. Gitlin outlines the "force-field national communications and a number of of intersecting political pressures" within well-meaning liberals. An interim confer- which the media 'carve out an ideological ence report is available and a final report sphere in which they are free to move as which will include copies of the papers and they please." The news routines that respondents' comments is being planned. are developed will tend to represent For copies write the U.S. National Commis- material in ways which do not conflict sion for UNESCO, Department of State, with the dominant hegemony; but the domi- VJashington, D.C. 20520, U.S.A. nant routines into question, as the dominant routines actually serve to undermine A recent issue of the journal, The Radical hegemony. At this point, the State is To "cher - a_ newsj ournal of socialist theory more likely to intervene, and the media and practice had "mass culture" as its topic can be caught between loyalties to class :

Communiaation Perspectives page 9 and to professionalism. Gitlin siiininarizes (Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin). this process in the growth and demise of the This course combines historical investiga- New Left in the United States during the tion of the rise and development of new 1960s. He also considers recent frames used forms of popular culture and media of by the media in covering the movements communication; theoretical analysis of against nuclear power and nuclear weapons. film, radio, music, and television; The hope is that radical movements can and aesthetic analysis of criteria to criticize will learn to take advantage of "this web or defend artifacts of popular culture. of conflicting yet i iterdependent corporate Emphasis will be on the interaction of and state powers." media and communications, forms of popular culture and social conditions in America. COURSE OUTLINE EXCHANGE The course provides opportunities to study dominant American mythologies and ideolo- In the past issues of CP we asked those of gies and thus to c-riluate critically the our readers who have taught or are teaching constituents of our national culture by courses devoted to a critical examination of studying the major forms of American film, some area or issue of communication studies music and television. For more informa- (e.g. , communication and culture, mass media tion write: Doug Kellner, Department of and society, political economy of communi- Philosophy, University of Texas at Austin, cation, etc.) to send us a copy of their Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A. course outline and reading list. The purpose of this is to facilitate the exchange Underdevelopment, Culture and Media (Communi- of information among critical communication cations, Stanford University). This course researchers and teachers. We are printing is an introductory seminar that focuses on summaries of the following course outlines the role of the mass media in the ideolo- based on received this the responses we to gical-cultural incorporation of Third World request. For complete copy of the course a countries into the transnational capitalist outline please write directly to the respon- world system. The section titles are I. The dent. Again we urge our readers to send us Causes of Underdevelopment: Colonial Links, their course outlines print and we shall Neo-Colonial Transnational Capitalist Links, summaries in the next issue. Also we want Aid, Internal Social Structures and Pro- to express our thanks to those who have cesses; A. Colonialism, B. Neo-Colonial already sent copies of their course outlines. Transnational World System; II. National Development and Culture; III. Transnational International Broadcasting and Film: Prob- Media; A. Overview, B. Broadcasting and lems in Creating the Hew International Film, C. Computer Systems and Satellite Information Order (Radio-Television-Film, Technology, D. Press and Print Media, E. University of Texas at Austin) . 1) The Media Professionalism. Bella Mody, Insti- Beginning of the Debate: Free Flow of Infor- tute for Communication Research, Stanford mation; 2) The Impact on Culture: Homogeni- University, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A. zation and/or Imperialism; 3) The Problem of News: Flow and Bias- 4) The Problem of BOOK REVIEW Film and TV: Structure and Control: 5) Transnational Advertising and Media Develop- Cecilia von Feilitzen, Leni Filipson and ment; 6) The Information/Data and Music Ingela Schyller, Open Your Eyes to Chil- Industries; 7) Can Technology be Trans- dren's Viewing: On Children, TV and ferred?- 8) Self-Reliancc as a National Radio Now and in the Future , Stockholm: Communication Policy?; 9) Role of Informa- Sveriges Radio. tion in National Development. Emile G. This book tjas written for a cause. McAnany (until Sept. 1980 c/o Dr. Francois According to the authors, they published Orivel, IREDU, Batiment des Sciences this highly read^^le account of the Mirande, B.P. 138, 21004 Dijon Cedex, situation of children in Svjedish society France) , Department of Radio-Television- in an attempt to redress the April 1977 Film, School of Communication, University report of the Swedish government Commission of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A. en Broadcasting which mostly ignored the child audience. The author's comment Philosophy of Communication and Culture ——

Communication Perspectives page" 10

"one of our alms was to encourage debate last two chapters of the book, the before the parliament half a year later... authors argue persuasively that the 1977 the Commission's u^e of research data Broadcasting Commission's neglect of about the child audience was poor and children is part of the broader society's insufficient. If the Commission to a general willingness to ignore children. larger extent had set out from facts They argue that the responsibility to about children, it should in several meet the needs and Interests of children cases have arrived at other conclusions by providing them stimulation, adequate and proposals." opportunities for development, and emancipation rests with all decision-

This book is highly persuasive. The makers in society and , even more particu- authors propose alternatives for how larly, with the broadcasters. A few broadcasting in Sweden might better meet quality children's programs are not the needs of child audiences. These pro- sufficient to care for the needs of posals are based on research evidence child audiences, rather the authors survey and experimental—on the use of argue that the responsibility for the radio and television by Swedish children, child audience belongs to both the the influence of these media on children's children's programming division and lives, and the general lot of children those responsible for adult programs in Swedish society. since children predominantly watch adult shows. To purchase, write: Television is the main medium used by Sveriges Radio, Audience and Programme children. Children start watching TV Research Department, S-105 10 Stockholm, early (about 3 years of age) and tend Sweden. to watch more TV than adults (two and Ellen Wartella one-quarter hours per day for nine to University of Illinois twelve-year-olds vs. two hours per day for adults). In contrast to the 1977 government report, which recommended Increased transmission times in television and exchange of programmes via satellite with other Nordic countries, these authors conclude that such proposals would only serve to increase children's dependence on television. The authors For those of our readers suggest, rather, a reduction in transmission times, perhaps even an evening without who v'ish to be listed television. In short, they suggest that freedom of choice in programming should m THE Directory mean more than a choice between similar television programs. For children, the PLEASE FILL OUT necessary freedom of choice should be between television watching and other THE DIRECTORY FORM activities. ON The report of how children use television and radio and its influence upon their THE lives is very reminiscent of current and recent public debate in the U.S. FOLLOW IMC PAGE regarding television and violence. How- ever, the authors bring a much broader perspective to the issue by situating the media question within the larger issues of society's general neglect yet responsibility— for the needs and interests of its children. In the :: :

Communication Perspectives page 11

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VOL. Ill, NO. Itl AUGUST 1980

A REMINDER ideology; mass media and acculturation; art as cultural artefact. Other topics All subscriptions to CP take effect with the may be suggested. Sessions organized next issue. If you have not yet subscribed, around the presentation of film, video, please complete the form on the last page of photography, etc., are also welcome. The this issue and send it to us with your fee. deadline for submissions is November 15, 1980. Contact: Dr. Sari Thomas, Coordin- To those who have mailed their subscriptions, ator, CCC 1981, Department of Radio-TV- we thank you for your support. Moreover, to Film, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA you who have contributed in addition to sub- 19122, USA. scribing, we are especially grateful. Fifth Annual Conference on the Current FORTHCOMING EVENTS State of Marxist Theory Call for Papers on Culture and Communication The University of Louisville in Kentucky The fourth Conference on Culture & Communi- will host the fifth Conference on the Cur- cation will be held in Philadelphia, Penn- rent State of Marxist Theory from November sylvania, from April 9-11, 1981 at Temple 13-16, 1980. A wide variety of issues University. Abstracts and proposals are will be addressed from a number of marxist Invited on any topic relevant to the follow- or marxist-derived perspectives. For ing general areas: communication theory information, contact: Prof. Morton Wenger, models, philosophy, the relationship of com- Dept. of Sociology, University of Louis- munication to other disciplines; research ville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. methods in the study of culture and communication—all methodological issues including CURRENT EVENTS of the use media in social science research; Production Assistants' Strike Successful interpersonal communication; government, business, and culture; communication and From April 9 to May 12, 134 production assistants struck the Finnish Broadcasting COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES Company, shutting down production and tel- evising of all programs except public Editorial Board: affairs. FBC broadcast reruns, unfinished, Jennifer Slack Fred Fejes and outdated programs to remain on the air Thomas Guback Eileen Meehan The PAs, who are mostly women, demanded Robin Kyle Nichols Janet Wasko wage increases and parity with comparable (Temple University) employees in the FBC. The settlement Issue Editor: Eileen Meehan included 25% pay raises for trainees, sal- ary increases for other PAs, and improved Staff: annual vacations. According to a press Thomas Guback Denis Gosselin release, "a very significant victory is Jennifer Slack Eileen Meehan the public recognition of the position and Mike Nielsen importance of the PA in the functions of Secretarial Assistance: M. Blackmore the Finnish Broadcasting Company. In future negotiations, the employer is Please send all correspondence to: forced to bear in mind our solidarity and COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES strength." The PAs are 100% unionized. Institute of Communications Research The strike received moral and financial 222B Armory Building support as well as demonstrations of soli- University of Illinois darity from other workers in media and the Champaign, Illinois 61820 USA arts in the Nordic countries and elsewhere. Ccrwnmication Perapecti"e3 paga

EXECUTIVE SALARIES

With inflation exacting its toll, high Interest rates, and prices that outstrip wages. It is refreshing to discover that some employees apparently have managed to keep their heads above water. Listed below for major companies with interests in mass media are high-level executives and their compensation composed of salaries, directors' fees, commissions, and bonuses for the year Indicated. The amounts shown exclude stock dividends (if any), Insurance and fringe benefits, entertainment expense accounts, car fare and lunch money, and In some cases, corporate help on financing of home purchases. (Didn't someone claim that Inflation is fueled by demands for higher workers' wages?) PUBLISHING S i;7.J44 James Mcllhenny, executive THE WASHINGTON POST COMPA^^Y riy/9) vice president DOW JONES & COMPANY, INC. (1978) S 371,700 Katharine Graham, chalrma McGRAW-HILL INC. [sic] $ 299,128 Warren Phillips, chairman (1978) 338,300 Mark Meagher, president 175,744 Ray Shaw, executive vice $ 302,980 Harold McGraw, Jr., chair- 295,000 Peter Derow, president, president man Newsweek 183,600 Donald Macdonald, senior 193,000 Alexander Burke, Jr., 293,386 Joel Chaseraan, president vice president president 225,000 Robert Campbell, chalnmin 140,915 George Flynn, vice presi- 165,750 Daniel Crowley, executive Newsweek dent vice president 118,940 John McCarthy, vice presi- 170,760 Joseoph Dionne, president. dent Information Systems BROADCASTING AND CABL E 178,005 Gordon Jones, president. GANNETT CO. INC. (1979) Publications AMERICAN BROADCASTING COMPANIES INC. $ 454,000 Allen Neuharth, chairman (1979) THE NEW 372,000 Karl Eller, president YORK TIMES COMPANY (1979) $ 750,000 Leonard Goldenson, chalrn 241,250 John Heselden, senior vice $ 393,855 Arthur Sulzberger, chair- 650,000 Elton Rule, president president man 545,000 Frederick Pierce, preside 241,250 Douglas McCorkindale, 276,866 Sydney Gruson, vice chair- ABC Television senior vice president man 308,000 Everett Erllck, senior vt 203,750 John Qulnn, senior vice 271,364 Walter Mattson, president president president 252,409 James Coodale, vice chair- 305,000 Michael MeUardl. vice man president HARTE-HANKS COMMUNICATIONS INC. (1979) 188,894 John Pomfret, senior vice president $ 367,650 Robert Marbut, president CBS INC. (1979) 265,980 Larry Franklin, senior vice $ 789,109 William Paley, chairman president PLAYBOY ENTERPRISES INC. (197 9) 732,312 John Backe, president 125,208 John Johnson, vice presi- $ 301,000 Hugh Hefner, chairman 363,309 Gene Jankowskl, vice presi dent. Radio Group 476,000 Derick Daniels, president dent 129,932 C. Ben Rodgers, vice presi- 231,819 Marvin Huston, senior vice 345,812 John Purcell, executive dent. Consumer Distribu- president vice president tion 614,608 Victor Lownes, president. 215,000 Walter Yetnlkoff, vice 135,000 Wayne Kearl, vice presi- Playboy Clubs president dent, TV Group 189,000 Nat Lehrman, senior vice president METROMEDIA INC. (1979) HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY (1979) PRENTICE-HALL INC. (1979) $ 400,000 John Kluge. chairman and $ 159,278 Harold Miller, chairman president 96,760 Richard Gladstone, senior $ 224,089 Frank Dunnigan, president 257,000 Clemens Weber, executive vice president 104,056 Howard Warrington, chair- vice president 101,922 John Rlordan, senior vice man 184,000 Albert Krlvin. senior vlc( president 95,331 George Costello, executive president 89,723 George Breitkreuz, senior vice president 150,000 Alfred Schwartz, senior vice president 74,146 Donald Schaefer, group vice president 96,229 Robert Janas, vice presi- vice president 121,635 Ross Barrett, senior vice dent 66,732 Leo '''')ert, vice president president KNIGHT-RIDDER NEWSPAPERS IN'C. (1979) TIME INC. (1979) RCA INC. (1979) ( $ 357,791 Alvah Chapman, Jr. presl- $ 507,550 Andrew Heiskell, chairman $ 428,750 Edgar Griffiths, president dent 450,150 James Shepley, president chief executive offlcerl 229,792 Byron Harless, senior vice 396,550 Arthur Temple, vice chair- 291,667 Jane Pfeiffer, chalnnan 1 president man [sic] 208,974 Lee Hills, editorial chair- 282,131 J. Richard Munro, execu- 238,750 Roy Pollack, executive vie man tive vice president president 271,526 Bernard Riddor, Jr., chair- 324,050 Charles Bear, group vice 235,833 Julius Kuppelraan, executlV| man president vice president 196,070 Robert Singleton, senior || 210,000 George Fuchs, executive 1' vice president TIMES MIRROR COMPANY (1978) vice president

? 420,000 MACMILLAN INC. (1979) Franklin Murphy, chairman 400,000 Otis Chandler, publisher STORER BROADCASTING COMPANY (1979) $ 147,745 Alan Baker, vice chairman 38 5,000 Robert Erburu, president $ 238,338 Bill Michaels, chairman 181,778 Robert Barton, president 281,159 Jack Meadows, vice preal- 227,945 Petor Storer, director 230,482 R.iyinond Hagel. chilrmiin den t 209,865 Terry Lee, president 174,2 38 Jeremiah K.nplan, senior 255,335 Matthew nirmin.'.h.im Jr., 134,350 Arno Mueller, pr(!sident. vice president vice president Cable Commtiii 1.-.! t lous Comnunicatipn Perspectives page 3

$ 155,395 Kenneth Bagwell, president. 112,642 Victor Kaufman, senior vice WARNER COMMUNICATIONS INC, (1979) Television Stations president $3,865,,809 *Steven Ross, chairman TAFT 469, BROADCASTING COMPANY (1979) FILMWAYS INC. (1980) ,330 Jay Emmett, office of the president $ 235,435 Charle.s Meechem, Jr., $ 237,500 Richard Bloch, president 469,,330 Emanual Gerard, chairman office of 150,000 Robert Grunburg, execS'utive the president 163,310 Dudley Taft, president vice president 469, 330 David Horowitz, office of 131,165 George Castrucci, execu- 150,000 Salvatore lannucci Jr., the president tive vice president senior vice president 418, 616 Bert Wasserraan, senior 125,057 Ro Grignon, executive vice 105,000 L. Douglas Nolan, vice- vice president president. Television chairman *Annua]. salarysa; is $330,000. In 1979, 109,637 Carlyle Wagner, executive 91,923 Samuel Arkoff, president, there wass a bonus of $3,515,809. vice president. Radio Filmways Pictures' MOVIELAB CABLECOM-GENERAL INC. (1979) INC. (1979) GULF & WESTERN INDUSTRIES INC. (1979) [parent of Paramount $ 167,032 Saul Jeffee, president $ 96,400 Richard Forsllng, president Pictures] 58,000 John Kowalak, executive 74,600 Jack Brooks, vice president $ 445,081 Charles Bluhdorn, chairman vice president 57,396 Gerald Cahill, vice presi- 268,904 Martin Davis, executive 85,500 Arnold Diamond, former dent vice president vice president 55,852 Gerald Tschikof, vice 268,904 Don Gaston, executive vice president president TECHNICOLOR INC. (1979) 362,603 David Judelson, president TELE-COMMIINICATIONS INC. (1979) 191,675 Dan Maddox, chairman, Asso- $ 420,000 Morton Kamerraan, chairman ciates First 337,500 Arthur Ryan, president $ 92,000 Bob Magness, chairman Capital Corp. 100,000 Guy Bjorkraah, chairman, 91,500 John Malone, president METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER INC. (1979) executive committee 90,267 Richard Blanco, .chairman. TELEPROMPTER CORPORATION (1979) $ 386,300 Fred Bennlnger, chairman Graphic Service 318,700 Frank Rosenfelt, S 566,026 Jack Cooke, chairman president, 62,200 R. Stevens Shen, vice 321,982 Russell Karp, president chief executive officer president 372,760 210,730 William Bresnan, senior , Alvln Benedict, president, vice MGM Grant Hotel COMMONWEALTH THEATRES president , INC. (1979) 120,697 Barry Simon, vice president 144,800 Barrie Brunet, executive $ 83,011 Richard Orear, chairman 120,697 Richard Sykes, i/ice presi- ; vice president 107,200 James Aljlan, senior vice 69,521 Douglas Lightner, vice dent ;- president chairman 63,851 Dale Stewart, president UA-COLUMBIA CABLEVISION INC. (1979) MCA INC. (1979) $ 160,000 Robert Rosencrans, president [parent of Universal Pictures] GENERAL CINEMA CORPORATION (1979) 107,500 Kenneth Gunter, executive $ 299,000 Richard Smith, president vice president $ 330,000 Lew Wasserraan, chairman 330,000 227,408 Melvin Wlntman, executive 77,500 Marvin Jones, senior vice Sidney Sheinberg, president vice president president 275,000 Ned Tanen, vice president 200,000 175,500 J. Atwood Ives, senior vice 77,500 Steven Sinn, senior vice J. Eugene Brog, vice presi- 165,000 Jay Stein, vice president president president < 169,000 Herbert Hurwitz, senior TRANSAMERICA vice president VIACOM INTERNATIONAL INC. (1979) CORPORATION (1979) [parent of United 106,596 Samuel Frankenheim, senior Artists Corp,] ,. , $ 250,000 Ralph Baruch, chairman vice president $ 720,000 John Beckett, chairmaji 200,000 Terrence Elkes, president ; 400,,OpO James Harvey, 135,000 Kenneth Gorman, vice presi- executive INFLIGHT SERVICES INC. (1979) dent vice president 385,000 $ 63,947 Lawrence Milles, president 105,385 George Castell, vice presi- Dana Leavltt, executive 59,280 C. Bruce Newbery, chief dent vice president _; , 223,500 Earl operating officer 103,846 Ronald Llghtstone, vice Clark, vice chairman 53,045 Donald Zimmet, senior vice president 150,000 Gary Depolo, senior vice president president ,.-.150,000 Blair 65,331 Donald Havens, chief execu- WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC COMPANY (1979) Pascoe, senior vice president tive officer $ 341,660 Robert Kirby, chairman 262,494 Douglas Danforth, vice TlffiNTIETH CENTURY-FuX FILM CORPORATION UNITED ARTISTS THEATRE CIRCUIT INC. (1978) chairman (1979) $ 235,000 Robert Haify, 218,742 G. Hurlbert, president. president Power Systems $ 655,098 Dennis Stanfill, chairman 256,393 Marshall Naify, chairman 186,900 Salah 213,750 T. Murrin, president. 269,238 Alan Ladd Jr., senior vice Hassaneln, execu- Public Systems president tive vice president 104,700 A. Cfiildhouse, 177,492 E. Clarke, president. 342,437 Alan Livingston, senior senior Industry Products vice president vice president ]99,585 Edwin Bowen, senior vice 71,543 Gladstone Wliitman, finan- president cial vice president FILM 169,808 C. Joseph LaBonte, senior vice president WOMETCO ENTERPRISES INC. (1979)

COLUMBIA PICTURES INDUSTRIES INC. (1979) $ 148,876 Mitchell Wolfson, chairman WALT DISNEY PRODUCTIONS (1979) 146,717 Richard Wolfson, executive $ 221,000 Leo Jaffe, chairman $ 136,152 Ronald Miller, vice president 247,000 Francis Vincent Jr. presi- executive dent vice president 139,674 Van Myers, senior vice 110,166 Richard president 187,596 Robert Stone, chief oper- Nunis, vice presi- 105,422 Arthur Hertz, senior ating officer dent vice president 188,750 Joseph Fischer, executive 244,858 Donn Tatum, chairman 82.078 Stanley Stern, senior vice vice president 244,868 E. Cardon Walker, president president Conwn-ioation Perspeativea page 4

CONFERENCE REPORT CURRENT PROJECTS Canadian Communication Aaaoclatlon/L' Associa- The National Federation of Community Broad- tion Canadlenne de Communication (CCA/ACC) casters Program Service, founded in 1975 as a non-profit tape exchange, distributes and The founding conference of the CCA/ACC was promotes audio programs produced by inde- held May 31- June 2, 1980, at 1' University pendent audio artists and Journalists. Re- du Quebec i Montreal in Canada. Nineteen cent programs distributed by the service workshops and three plenary sessions were have featured representatives of the Ameri- held exploring the following themes: can Indian Movement discussing a wide array 1) communication policy* 2) media studies; of injustices, independently produced jazz 3) communication theory; 4) social and inter- artist Betty Carter performing her music personal communication; 5) communication and and discussing the exploitation of Black development. At a separate organizational artists, and an elegy-eulogy for anti- meeting, the interim board, which had organ- nuclear activist Karen Silkwood. ized this conference, stepped down. A Constitution was established and a new The service boasts a substantial archive of board of directors elected by the membership. audio materials produced over the past twenty years, which are catalogued in The unanticipated large turnout was a testi- Sourcetap , available at many university mony to the need for such an association in libraries. For communication scholars, the Canada. Sessions were well-attended and service provides a rich source of audio conducted in both English and French. materials. For independent radio producers, Unfortunately, copies of many of the papers the service will promote and distribute were unavailable and the collections of their productions as well as lend assistance abstracts were incomplete. Nevertheless, in securing both funding and inexpensive the conference was unique and important in production materials. For further Infoma- providing a forum for the exchange of views tion, contact the National Federation of between Canadian communication researchers, Coinnunity Broadcasters Program Service, 17 Canadian policy makers, and representatives East University Avenue, Champaign, Illinois of communications corporations. Three of the 61820, USA, or phone 217-359-9535. more interesting papers presented x»ere "The Information Economy in Late Capitalism" by Mike Nielsen G. Warskett (Carleton), "De 1' exploitation NEW AND CURRENT JOURNALS ^conomique des seigneurs de la culture de masse'" by Rend Jean Ravault, and "Capitalist Alternative Futures; The Journal of Utopian Underdevelopment: 'F.:l:c' ^fusic and the Pro- Studies seeks Inquiries and contributions duction and Reproduction of Popular Culture from interested communication researchers. in Atlantic Canada" by R. Brunton, J. Sponsored by both Rensselaer Polytechnic Overton (Acadia), and J. Sacouman (Acadia). Institute and the University of Michigan, the journal is a quarterly and began publi- Despite extensive discussion of radio, tele- cation in spring 1978. Interdisciplinary vision, and press in Canada, little attention in orientation, the journal was conceived was paid to film in Canada and representa- in order to bring Utopian thought of the tives of neither the Canadian film industry present into confrontation with that of the nor the National Film Board of Canada x^ere past, and to assess the ways in which Utopias among the presenters. This is regrettable aspirations have shaped and continue to given the historical importance of Canadian shape human activities. The journal wel- coproductlons in the international film comes speculative as well as scholarly con- ! market. Overall, however, the conference tributions. Persons wishing to submit was both useful and informative. For infor- articles and essays should write Alexandra mation about the CCA/ACC, contact: Professor Aldridge, co-editor, 102 Rackham Bid., Uni-

William Gilsdorf , Coimnunication Studies, versity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street USA. Persons wishing to review books should West, Montreal, Quebec, CANADA H4B 1R6. write Howard P. Segal, associate editor, at the same address. To subscribe, write Altera Denis Gosselln native Futures, Human Dimensions Center, -

Communications "Perspectives page 5

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, MY ; Fill'.. Good practical guidance and solid 12181, USA. Subscription rates for one year columns. The December /January 1980 issue are: individual $lb] institutional $17" add reports on "Peer Panel Gagged at WNET' and $1.50 for foreign postage; checks should be "Minimum Legal Response to Independent sent to the Rensselaer address. Needs Outlined in CPB Memo.'' More information; AiVF, 99 Prince Street, New York Approfcech .is a quarterly publication of the City, New York 10012, USA. International Association for the Advance- ment of Appropriate Technology for Develop- lOJ Newsleteer , published by the Interna- ing Countries (lAAATDC) , a non-profit organi- tional Organization of Journalists, zation based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, appeared for the first time in June 1980. which began publication in November 1978. It reports activities of the lOJ and other lAAATDG's objectives include the socio- federations of journaliats, and also pre- economic and country-specific technological sents book reviews and news notes. I-lore and scientific advancement of the developing information: lOJ, Parlzska 9, Prague 1, countries, and the exploration of ways and Czechoslovakia. ^-'-'^ means of hamasslng local resources vjhile preserving the natural environment in these RECEMT DISSERTATIOMS countries, through directed research, dis- Janet M. Wasko,, Rielationships between the cussions and publications. Appro tech American Motion Picture Industry and Bank- Intends to reflect these objectives and at ing Institutions . Ph.rD. dissertation. Uni- all times encourage practicalism and high versity of Illinois, 1980. This study pro- academic standards for the materials it vides a historical overview of the inter- publishes. It covers topics on the various action between the American film industry aspects of appropriate technology and their and banking institutions from the early perceived for utility development. All development of the film business in the articles submitted for consideration must be 1890s through the 197bs. The discussion for typed with double spaces and not be more each period of film history Includes the than 2,500 words long. Send articles to: types of financing provided by banks, the The Editor, Approtech (lAAATDC), The Univer- conditions under which such financing has sity of llichlgan, 603 East Madison, Ann been arranged, and the amount of funds Arbor, MI 48109, USA. To join lAAATDC and involved. Other relationships t«rf.th banks receive Approtech , write Membership Secre- and bankers are also explored, including tary, at the same address. Memberships for stock ownership by banks/bankers, inter- one year are: individual $10: students $5; locking director relationships, and other institutional $200- patron $100. types of interactions. Specific banks and bankers involved for each period are dis- Access Atlanta Newsletter is a quarterly cussed, with consideration given to the designed to promote and facilitate use of types of Influence and control exerted by public access channels on cable television these financial institutions on the indus- in Atlanta. Itoterial it publishes may be try' s structure and policies, as well as on relevant to other situations. Winter 1980 films and filmmakers. is the first issue. More information: Access Atlanta Inc., P.O. Box 5289, Atlanta, PUBLICATIOMS TO NOTE Georgia 30307, USA. The Foundations of United States Information

The Center for the Study of Communication Policy , a 17-page paper, was released in and Culture publishes a quarterly survey of July by the National Telecommunications and communication research. The Summer 1980 Information Administration. The document number is devoted to the New International was prepared as a US government submission ^ on Information Order . More information: CSCC, to the OECD's "High-Level Conference " 221 Goldhurst Terrace, London N\'J6 3EP, Information, Computer, and Communications England. Policies for the 1980s," and was part of the US submission to the recent "World Con- The Independent is published 10 times yearly ference on Transborder Data Flow Policies" ' by the Foundation for Independent Video and held in Rome. The document views information — . :

Communication Perspectives page 6 from two approaches' (1) legal foundation socialists. As a result of the diverse of information dissemination and access, and ' orientation of the contributions, the end (2) the economics and management of informa- result is a number of essays that often tion. A copy can be obtained from: NTIA, confound, if not contradict, one another. Public Affairs Office, 1800 G Street iW, - The richness of the collection results from - ^ ; '^ Washington, D,C. 20504, USA. • just this diversity, hovrever. A dialogue is begun here—betx^jeen theorists and practition- "Public TV's C.I. A. Show," John S. Friedman, ers—which should contribute to the formula-

The Nation , July 19-2'j, 1980, pp. 73-77.. tion of sound media practice and theorizing. Because the ideological commitments of foun- Jennifer Slack dations are rarely apparent, "corporations and institutions whose images are tarnished Raymond Williams: Politics and Letters; now seek such 'neutral' intermediaries to Intervievjs with New Left Review (London convey their views." An exemplar of this New Left Books, 1979; Distributed in the may be found in American public television's US and Canada by Schocken Books, New York). presentation of the Free to Choose series, These critical, probing interviews, con- v/hich provides a showcase for Milton Friedman ducted at Cambridge in 1977 and 1978, and his conservative economic theories. The explore in depth the work of the British author traces funding for this and similar socialist writer, Rajmiond Williams. The series to the Smith Richardson Foundation, a book is divided into five sections: biog- nonprofit foundation with close ties to the raphy, culture, drama, literature, and poll- Central Intelligence Agency and the Depart- tics. While Williams' written works provide ment of Defense. John Friedman argues that the thread which lends structure to the sponsorship of particular programs should be interviews, the location of Williams' work replaced the sort of by general support in his life and thpught provides the real suggested in the latest report the n by substance of the interviews. For those who Carnegie Commission. : follow Williams' work, these interviews offer invaluable insight into the relation- BOOKS TO MOTE ship between William's background, British Media, Politics & Culture: A Socialist View and vjorld politics, and the evolution of his edited by Carl Gardner (London: Macmillati ideas.. The section on culture is probably Press LTD, 1979). This collection of essays the most valuable to communication research- is the product of a series of. public forums ers, as it addresses the theoretical and held in autumn 1976 by the National Union bf political iss.ues relevant to the development Journalists and Equity in the International' of Williams' cultural ..theory. In this sec- Marxist Group. The essays sketch various tion, the origins, strengths, and weaknesses ^ strategies for socialist activity in the media of Culture and. Society ,. The Long Revolution , in a socialist society. The contfihutions and Ke3rwords are explored. In addition, in vary considerably in the .depth ot their analy- the section on literature, the discussion of sis. Some are relatively straight-forward Marxism and Literature adds significantly to statements about the nature of the media understanding of Williams' notion of cultural e.g., the media are racist—and some are practices as forms of material production, a simply calls for socialists to act. A number crucial formulation in his cultural theory. of the essays, however, attempt to utilize Sadly lacking from these interviews, however, contemporary theoretical developments to-, is any discussion of Television: Technology inform their analyses of modern media and i*.) > and Cultural Form , Williams' one work which their prescribed strategies for change.. ' :': is concerned specifically with a medium of There is an attempt in this collection to^ ccmmunication. cover a wide range of media; thus there are Jennifer Slack . essays dealing with film, television, theatre, music, and the press. Likewise, contributors, BOOK REVIEWS though they are largely media practiticners or Les Industries de 1' Imaginaire: Pour une political activists concerned with media, Analyse Economique des Media , Patrice Fllchy, barken from the ranks of media practitioners, Institut National de I'Audiovlsuel, Presses academicians, theorists, feminists, and Universltaires de Grenoble, 1980. 277 pp. Communiaation Perspectives page 7

Fllchy has provided a good basic descriptive vrill need to ally itself id-th American capi- book, buttressed with statistical material tal, and it V7ill be just another conduit for and solid analysis, dravm around the audio- the proliferation of American material. visual field: radio, TV, film, recorded music, Thomas Guback videocassette, videodisc, etc. The volume's theme, abundantly elaborated, is that the The Development and Growth of the Film Indus- character of cultural industries is marked by try in Nigeria , Alfred Opubor and Onuora contemporary capitalism. Although this is Nwuneli, eds. Published for the Nigerian hardly news, Flichy develops his argument on National Council for Arts and Culture by an international level. Third Press International/Okpaku Communica- tions Corp., 1995 Broadway, New York, NY Flichy, a researcher at the Institut National 10023, USA. 119 pp. $13 hard, $6.95 soft. de I'Audiovisuel in France, uses an institu- macro-economic tional approach to present a Edited by members of the Department of Mass structure of media, view of the behavior and Communication at the University of Lagos, the pointing to their economic and financial con- book consists of papers presented at the 1979 internationalization. He centration and their seminar on the Film Industry and Cultural contends that each new system of communica- Identity in Nigeria. The seminar was moti- tion, from telephone to teletext, has been vated by a desire of the NNCAC to bring to- accompanied by considerable literature pre- gether information on the development and senting it simply as an extension of existing growth of Nigeria's film industry.and to con*- systems, or as a means by which new social sider the role film can play in the economic, according to relations can emerge. This, political, and cultural development of Nigeria analysis Flichy, does nothing but obscure an and similar countries. Although the Nigerian of the role of innovation in communication. government has an almost total monopoly on For each new system that is a candidate for mass media, it has paid no attention to the : implementation, is first necessary to iden- it production and exhibition of theatrical fea- tify a use. His objective is to study this ture films. Consequently, the book outlines transformation from innovation to commodity. ways in which government and other groups can He points out that contrary to the phases of cooperate in developing a film industry. research and invention, which are primarily technological, the logic of transformation One contributor notes that the film "business" is a product of Industrial strategy which is still almost completely controlled by shapes the way audiovisual systems are used. foreigners" : the American Motion Picture Export Company (Africa) and two Lebanese The book's first part deals with basic sys- firms. However, this aspect of the problem tems and explains —disc, film, broadcasting— receives surprisingly little attention in the their development as commodities in capital- book. Indeed, another author urges that film ist society. The second part considers so- co-production agreements be signed with "Amer- called second generation hardware Super — 8, ica, Britain, and India" so that "costs will cable and pay TV, satellites, videocassettes, be reduced and the much-needed technological and videodiscs. Finally, Flichy examines in- exposure would be established. Another ex- dustrial structures and strategies, pointing tremely optimistic paper refers to "American to media conglomerates and major corporations and Latin American markets" that could be which he names The 200 Audiovisual Families. exploited by Nigerian films drawing "heavily on nostalgia and sentimental affinities Considering American media domination and new between the AO million blacks of those technology, Flichy argues: "It was often regions and black Africa." Despite such thought, especially in France, the during shortcomings in the way the basic problem period when television was being developed, is posed and analyzed, this book is still that the existence of national hardware was very useful as it demonstrates the conflict- guarantee of development of national pro- the ing attitudes and priorities that plague gramming. With the arrival of new media that media development in many Third World are expanding quickly global market, on the nations. The book is a practical confron- this type of reasoning will probably be shown tation with the problems of one msdiun. to be false." No matter whether Japanese or European hardware eventually predominates, it Thomas Guback y.'jn :

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Communiaation Perspectives page 9

DIRECTORY CUESTICHITAIRE

In order to facilitate the sharing of information among critical communication researchers and media professionals. Communication Perspectives will publish its directory in the next issue based on the response to the following questionnaire. Please fill out the form (type or print legibly ) and return it to us. Even if you have had your name listed in a previous issue of the Directory, for the sake of completeness we ask that you complete this form and send it to us.

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^'^^ Communication Perspectives

VOL. Ill, NO. 2 NOVEMBER 1980

CONFERENCE REPORTS debate held th^ following evening when both presented their motivations for research lAMCR CARACAS CONFERENCE and other relevant comments. (For a tape and Scientific The 12th General Assembly of that debate, send two C-60 blank tapes of International Association Conference the plus $1 for postage to Howard H. Frederick, for Mass Communication Research was held School of International Service, the Ameri- August 25th through August 29th at the can University, Massachusetts and Nebraska Parque Centrale in Caracas, Venezuela. Avenues NW, Washington, DC 20016 USA.) Over 300 participants from 39 countries met for the presentation of papers and discus- The second session of the conference in- sion of the theme, "New Structures of In- cluded formal presentations on the theme, ternational Communication? The Role of "Where Do We Go From Here? Future Direc- Research.!' The conference was officially tions in Research, Theory, and Methiod and opened Monday evening by Dr. Luis Herrara Application to Problems, Planning, aifid Camp ins. President of Venezuela. Practice." Papers were presented by Tomo Matelanc (Yugoslavia), Everett Rogers (USA), The first session of the conference focused Hector ScMiucler (Mexico), and Kjeld Veirup

on a critical assessment of research, (Denmark) . Discussants for the session including papers presented by Oswaldo were Dennis McQuail (Netherlands) and Caprilles (Venezuela), Ithiel de Sola Pool Raquel Salinas (Chile). (USA), Cees Hamelink (Netherlands), and Tamas Szecsko (Hungary), with responses by Meetings of the various lAMCR Sections Herb Schiller (USA) and Eapen Eapen (India). (Social Psychology, Legal, Bibliography, The discussion was especially lively between International, Professional Training, etc.) Pool and Schiller, prompting a less formal were held on August 27th, unfortunately during the same time periods. The Politi- cal Economy Section attracted about 60 par- COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES ticipants and discussion centered on a working paper by Alvara Barros-Lemez, Jorge Editorial Board and Staff: Luis Ornstein and others (Uruguay) on "The Jennifer Slack Eileen Meehan New International Information Order: Latin Thomas Guback Wasko Janet America and the Process of Democratization Robin Kyle Nichols (Temple U. of Communication." The paper emphasized Fejes Marty Allor Fred the importance of developing national com- Mike Nielsen (U. of Illinois, munication policies within the discussion Denis Gosselin Chicago Circle) of a New International Information Order. Issue Editor: Eileen Meehan The lively discussion that the paper engendered included considerations of conditions Blackmore Secretarial Assistance: Marvene and experiences in several Latin American countries. In the afternoon, the Political Please send all correspondence to: Economy Section joined the Communication PERSPECTIVES COMMUNICATION Satellite and Technology Section for the Communications Research Institute of presentation of papers by A.M. Wachmeister Building, 222B Armory (Sweden) on "NORDSAT (the Nordic Direct University of Illinois Broadcasting Satellite System) Versus Champaign, Illinois, 61820 USA Nordic Cultural Co-operation and National

Yearly subscription: US, $3; foreign, $3 ****************** or 4 International Postal Reply Coupons. ERRATUM: The last issue. III NO. 4 We do not have billing facilities. should be numbered III NO. 1. -•***************** * , prjs 2 Cojwmmiaation Perspectives

Cultural Policy," and Dallas W. Smythe (Cana- in Mass Media- Media Systems and Alternative da) on "The Electronic Information Tiger or Communication; The Nev; International Infor- the Political Economy of the Radio Spectrum mation Order and National Communication Pol- and the Third World Interest." The ensuing icies; Western Communication Research and discussion centered on both the decision- Theory in the Third World; Public Opinion making processes involved with the introduc- and Democracy; Ethics in Journalism; and tion of new communications technologies, and Professional Education. An Informatics on the role that the existing relations be- Working Group was set up in Caracas, with tween developed capita''ist countries and the participants from the Political Economy, Third VJorld played in the determination of International Communication, and Communica- those processes. The section agreed on two tion Technology sections. For more informa- themes for papers: "IJhat is the Relationship tion contact Cees Hamelink, 123 Burgemeester Between Theoretical and Empirical Work in the Hogguerstratt, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Development of a Political Economy of Mass Herbert Schiller, Communications (D-oo3) Communication?" and "I4hat are the Material University of California, San Diego, LaJolla, Conditions for Democracy in Communication?" CA 92093 U.S.A.; or Hector Schmucler, And, three regional meetings were proposed: Torre de Mixcoao, Edific A 8, Dep. 801, an April 1981 meeting in Roskilde, Denmark; Mexico. an August 1981 meeting in Austin, Texas, USA: and a January 1982 meeting in Sao Paulo, The Final Plenary Session of the conference Brazil. Members of the section will be kept included a draft report on future UNESCO informed as plans develop. (To join the research, a report on the UNESCO/IAMCR section, contact Robin Ch'zasman, Roskilde Foreign Images Study, and reports from the University Centre, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 various workshops and small group meetings. Roskilde, Denmark.) Declarations concerning the repression of human rights of journalists in Latin America On the fourth day of the conference, there were read and supported by the conference was a discussion of the MacBride Commission participants. Report, with Juan Somavia (Chile), a member of the Commission, presenting comments on the The conference on the whole was well- report and background on its preparation. organized and carefully coordinated, with generous hospitality offered by the Vene- Other conference participants— Opubor zuelan hosts and hostesses. (Nigeria), Eapen (India), Wegl (F.R.G.), Janet Wasko Roncagliolo (Peru), Smythe (Canada) — generally agreed that it was a positive step to NEW ASSOCIATIONS direct international ami national attention The Swedish Association for Mass Communica- to ccranunication policies, yet pointed out tion Research was founded in 1977 as an numerous drawbacks and limitations of the interdisciplinary forum. It initiates dis- Report's recominendations. cussions around questions of theory and method, stimulates the cooperation of The General Assembly met in the afternoon to scholars and practitioners, provides infor- elect the International Council and handle mation about communications research, and other organizational matters. A somewhat contacts official bodies so as to improve heated debate evolved over the theme for the conditions and finances of mass communica- 1982 conference in Paris. I'Jhile several tion research. The group also seeks to delegates (mostly from the USA and FRG) increase knowledge abroad of Swedish activi- supported the idea of 'Communications Sci- ties in this field. Since 1973, the associa- ence: Tradition, Change, and Continuity," tion has arranged six sj^nposia in Nordic the more popular theme— "Democracy and Com- countries, and plans a seventh in Iceland in munications"— suggested by Latin American 1981. More Information from the chairperson: researchers, was finally adopted by the Cecilia von Feilitzen, Audience and Program Assembly. Research Dept., Sveriges Radio, 105-10

Stockholm. , Sv/eden. The final day of the conference was devoted to meetings of small groups, workshops and CURRENT PROJECTS round tables on a variety of topics, including: Political Communication; Public Involvement The Council on Interracial Books for • .

^Communication Perspectives page 3

- New;,.yoj:k-based group of Third researcher at Roskilde University Center, . Children , ,^ World Activists from various cultures, will Denmark. ' See his pitectory entty for his

' '"_ current address. . start a putilic campaign in 1981 against . .,.Xijvtin comicbooks t £-. i^red Fejes, member of the' CJP staff," has Tiatin is the young, roving journalist Joined the faculty' at the University of ^^ created by Herge, the Belgian cartoonist. Illinois, Chicago Circle. He planS to "' The Council points out that most of the Tin- remain an active member of our staff.

... tin series depicts Third World people in a

' .,racis,t-and euEocentric perspective. The COURSE OUTLINE EXCHANGE ' in many Third .c0j5i.cs are widely distributed First Amendment Issues (CAT 645, Miami Uni-

World nations, as , part of, multinationa,! . versity) . 1. Freedom of Expression as a publishing... ,. if;r^^ ->- Complex System; 2. Perceived Threats to Public Morality; 3. Perceived Threats to Participants from the Third World are asked National Security; 4. Perceived Threats to to contribute to this campaign and write Public Order; 5. Perceived fhreats to Repu- essays on the impact of racism in Tintin tation and Privacy; 6. Perceived Threats to comics in countr;ie;s. More information: the^r Fair Trial; 7. Perceived Threats to Diver- Council on, Interracial Books for Children, sity in the Marketplace, to- Fairness and to 1841 Broadway, New York City, NY 10023 USA. the Electoral Process; 8. Opposing Ideas About Free Expression. William Hanks, 200 The Red Feather Institute operates as a clear- "VJilliams Hall, Communication and Theatre', papers written by inghouse for unpublished Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 USA. progressive and critical social science researchers in the United States. Ti?hile Mass Media and Government (CAT 444, Miailii focusing primarily on the field of sociology, University). 1. Overview; 2. Broadcasting the Institute welcomes papers from critical Policy Issues; 3. Broadcasting Policy communication researcher's i Papers sent to Issues: TV; 4. Broadcasting Policy Issues: the Institute will be included in a catalog Radio; 5. Cable-TV; 6. Print Media. of available papers and photocopies of the William Hanks, 200 Williams Hall, Communica- papers will be mailed upon request. As far tion and Theatre, lliami University, Oxford, as we knoxv, this service is offered free of Ohio 45056 USA. cost. For more information about the Insti- tute and to receive a copy of its catalog of Introduction to Communications Media current papers available \«^ite: T.R. Young, (Hunter College of the City University of The Red Feather Institute, P.O. Box 97, Red New York). 1. The Mobile Society and the Feather, Colorado 80536 USA. Rise of the Media: 2. Media and the Future: Visions of Terror; 3. Theories of Mass Com- A unit of the World Health Organization is munication: By I-Jhom: For Whom; For What?; preparing guidelines for radio broadcasting 4. Print as Popular Culture; 5. Industrial of health messages in developing countries. Capitalism and the Roots of the Masis Media; 6. The l9th Century and the Cult of the The empjiasig is on local radio, particularly Image; 7. How Ya Gonna Keep 'Em Down on the VHF (.tK) below 1 kw of power, with possible Farm: The City as Spectacle; 8. Corporate use of solar, arrays. Such stations should be Structures and the Production of- Culture; compatible with needs of rural communities 9. Images of War; 10. Television News: "-' and stimulate involvement of local people in Window on the World?; 11. Media as Empire; program production and ^roup listening. 12, Media and the Ideology of "Progress"; 13. Media and Consumption; 14. Media and Advice is asked about caise' studies ,eiquip- Private Life. Serafina'3athrickV- Stuart meht suppliers, financing, political prob- Ewen, Larry Shore, Di^artment of Communica- lems likely encountered, etc. More informa-n tion, Hunter College of the City University tion: Hi dhiman. Technical Officer^ Miater- of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY nal and Child. Health, World Health Organisa- 10021 USA. tion, 1211 Geneva 27, iSwitzer land. The Music Industry: Cultural Production and PEOPLE ON THE HOVE the Industry of Human Happiness (Hunter Robert Jacobson is currently a guest College of the City University of New York). .

-page 4 Communication Perspectives

1. Introduction; 2 and 3. Historical and nature of foreign investment and have tried Theoretical Overview: The Early Years; 3, 4 to persuade host countries of benefits to be and 5. The Fifties and Sixties; 5. Theories derived. The last few years, however, have of Popular Culture, Mass Culture and Popular seen a great increase In foreign investment Music; 6, 7 and 8. Structure and Economics of in the United States. Not unexpectedly, some the Music Industry; 9. Lyrics in Popular Americans have become upset about foreign Music; 10 and 11. The Seventies; 11. Legal control of U.S. farmland and industries. Aspects, Home Taping and Piracy; 12. Music, Culture and Social Change; 13 and 14. VJomen This recent federal government study explores and Blacks in the Music Industry; 15. The the issue in some detail. It observes that International Music Industry. Larry Shore, "the United States will in the foreseeable Department of Communication, Hunter College future be confronted with continually in- of the City University of New York, 695 Park creasing levels of foreign Investment and the Avenue, New York, NY 10021 USA. problems and benefits which it brings."

PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE "The Congress and the public have expressed serious concerns about the impact and effects "Critical Theory and Planning Practice," of foreign investment in the United States. John Forester, American Planning Association They are concerned about the possibility that, Journal 46:3 (July 1980), pp. 276-286. if the assets or the natural resources of large U.S. firms end up under foreign con- This paper uses Jurgen Haberma.s' communica- trol, those firms could be operated in ways tion theory of society to critique planning ultimately harmful to U.S. national interests" practice (as in city planning). Socio- economic, political structures are, according PAPERS TO MOTE to Habermas, essentially communicative structures as well; and in a non-democratic sys- "Reform is Change Spelled Backwards: Squaring tem, communication is "systematically but Up for an Information Revolution," Robert unnecessarily distorted." Forester suggests Jacobson. (See Directory entry.) that our understanding of the activities of the planner be broadened from their mbtely In a position paper presented at the Irvine technical activities to their communicative '80 Workshop on Computers and Social Change •activities. l-Jhen planning is not critical, last June, Jacobson criticizes current when the systematic distortion goeis uricor- efforts to generate a Federal information :yrected, planners tend to communicate in such policy as naive, atheoretical, and reformist. "f a way that they discourage responsible com- Jacobson urges the discussion of alternative munity and individual involvement, organiza- information structures and the development tion, and cooperation. Planners, Forester of a theoretical^ framework for pushing for- argues, need to assess their particular ward social transformation and easing the socio-economic, political situation (assess, transitions that will accompany it. for example, the special, private, or class'

interests involved in a particular planning ' BOOKS TO NOTE project) so that they can overcome the sys-' Medias et Societe, Francis Balle (Editions tematic violation of the norms of "ordinary" Montchrestian, 158-160 rue Saint-Jacques, communications, promote democratic communi- Paris, France, forthcoming; in french) cation, and thereby build political support and promote democratic planning practice.

' This broad study attempts to focus on the "-'i j media as social institutions and their iffi The Adequacy of the Federal Response to For- influence on public opinion. Heartened by eign Investment in the United States , 20th the desire of societies to improve communi- Report by the Committee on Government Opera- cation techniques; Balle asks,"l'niy could j tions, House of Representatives, Washington this new hope of both Northern and Southern ' DC, USA, August 1, 1980. societies alike not contribute to the deter- minatmon of a particular orientation for i Direct American investment abroad has pro- media studies?" voked serious outcries against U.S. multinational corporations. Americans, on the other hand, have stressed the benevolent Commmioation "Perspectives page 5

BOOK REVIEWS ties Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716 USA, 1979, $37.50). This recently published Mass Communication Review Yearbook Vol. 1, s book presents a series of articles by edited by G. Cleveland VJilhoit and Harold de researchers associated with the Institute of Bock (Sage, 275 South Beverly Drive, Beverly Development Studies at the University of Hills, CA 90212 USA, 1980, $35.00). The Essex that represents recent thinking and appearance of this yearbook marks a develop- research within the dependency approach to ment of sorts. In contrast to the ICA year- the study of Third World problems. This book series, this voluuie, a compilation of book is particularly useful to communication forty-seven articles, is devoted entirely to researchers as it presents an excellent intro- mass communications. In contrast to Sage's duction and overview of the work being done other annual mass communication review, this within this critical area. The foreword by volume represents an attempt to present the the editor of the book and the article by diversity of research areas and methods pre- J. Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela sent in the field of mass communication ("Modernization and Dependence: Alternative research. European research and researchers Perspectives in the Study of Latin American are given almost equal space with their North Underdevelopment") gives the reader a American counterparts. The major sections in detailed but comprehensible introduction to the book are Theoretical Perspectives, the major theoretical tenets of the depen- Research Strategies, Political Communication, dency model, while articles by Osvaldo Sunkel Information Seeking, Crime and Violence in and Dudley Seers elaborate on particular Mass Communication, Impact of Mass Communi- theoretical issues. A discussion of mass cation: Television, International Compara- communications and the role it plays in sys- tive Research, and Policy Research. This tems of dependency is given by Rita Cruise attempt to somehow present a book that encom- O'Brien ("Mass Communications: Social Mech- passes the entire field perhaps reflects a anisms of Incorporation and Dependence"). A new level of maturity in the field. broader discussion of the cultural effects of dependency is found in the piece by Osvaldo Yet a price is to be paid in order to reach Sunkel and Edmundo Fuenzalida ("Trans- middle age. With few exceptions the numer- nationalization and its National Conse- ous articles are marked with the sameness of quences") . Other pieces focus on militarism purpose: that is to develop the study of in the Third World, the relationships between mass communication as a legitimate social the state and multinational corporations, and science based on the model provided by such a discussion of strategies of self-reliant supposedly successful fields as sociology, development. Overall, while only the piece psychology and economics. The inclusion of by Cruise O'Brien explicitly deals with the European researchers, who until recently were mass media, communication researchers inter- considered primarily az dutiful students of ested in the problems of Third World coun- North American research, is evidence that the tries will find this entire collection to North Americans have been unsuccessful in provide the comprehensive and critical con- this enterprise and that the aid of allies text within which Issues of mass communica- across the Atlantic is necessary. One vjon- tions in the Third World must be discussed. ders whether the perspectives offered by Latin American, Asian, and African communi- Fred Fejes cation researchers have been purposively CALL FOR PAPERS excluded, either because they didn't have the decency to write in English or because they TABLOID: A Review of Mass Culture and Every- didn't conform to certain notions of what the day Life is accepting papers for its forth- study of mass communications is. Tifhile North coming special issue on working class culture. American and European dissenters are given a Past issues have included such articles as perfunctory hearing, most of the book is "Media & Imperialism" by Herb Schiller and devoted to a detailed exposition and working "The Free Radio Movement" by Dana Polan. Sub- out of the social science perspective. mit articles to: TABLOID, P.O. Box 3243, Stanford, USA. Fred Fejes CA. 94305,

Transnational Capitalism and National Devel- opment , edited by Jose J. Villamil (Human!- ,

page 6 Communication Perspectives

DIRECTORY

In....tesponse to our questionnaire In the last Communication Perspectives, the following readers have sent information regarding their positions, current addresses, permanent addresses (if different), general research interests, specific projects in order to facilitate the sharing of information among communication researchers.

Marty Allor. PhD candidate, Inst, of of Communication's Science and Research, 6000 Frankfurt/Main- 90, FRG. [Perman- Communications Research, University of University of Lima, and University of San ent address: (15516 R. Com. Elias Assi, Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Martin, Lima, Peru. Jos^ Navarro #133 509 Sao Paulo, Brazil.] Interests: Interests: Cultural studies, material- Urb. Vista Alegre, Lima 33, Peru, 'inter- Counter-communication; popular and pro- ist communication theory, film and TV. ests: Change information about new re- letarian culture; ideology and ideo- Projects: To rearticulate materialist search and mass communication theories. logical struggle; media-imperialism. analysis of cultural texts. Projects: Investigation on the prole- Leonel Corona. Researcher. APDO Postal tarian culture and on the alternative In These Times— attn. Pat Aufderheide, 22-016, Mexico D.F. Interests: Politi- communication. Cultural Editor, 1509 N. Milwaukee, cal economy of science and technology. Chicago, IL 60622, USA. An Indepen- Projects: Productive forces and capital Howard H. Fredei;icki Instructor, de'nt socialist newsweekly, one-quarter accumulation in Mexico. International Commuijication Studie_s, to one-third of which is devoted each School of International Service, The week to cultural topics. Regularly Peter Dahlgren. Universltetslektor, American University, Washington, DC publishes feature, news and review School of Journalism, Stockholm Univer- 20016. Interests: Development communi- articles on mass media; special inter- sity, Gjorwellsgatan 26, 11260 Stockholm, cation in the Third World; Marxist ests include the accountability of Sweden. Interests: News media, language, social science methodology. Projects: public television, development of ideology, and the state. Projects: TV The impact of development communication public and community radio, implications news and the pedagogy of ideological technology on foreign relations in the of new technology, and film industry. resistance. Caribbean basin.

Samuel L. Becker. Prof, and Chairman, Sidney W,.. Dean, Jr. President, Ventures Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. Grad. Asst. Prof.,

Dept. of Communication and Theatre Arts, Development, Co. , 27 Washington Sq. N. Dept. of Communication Arts and Scien- University of Iowa, Iowa City, lA 52242, New York, NY lOOll, USA. Interests: ces, Howard University, Washington, DC USA., Interests:- .Mass communication proces- All coimnunicatl-ons parameters: especially 20059, USA. [428 Q St., NW, Washington, ses ["I suspect I am not a 'critical com- political tec hno-economic; broadband DC 20001, USA.]- Interests: Mass media munication researcher' in your sense of cable public policies. and public/media economics. Projects: the terra, but I am Interested in that per- Media and health policy (Information sub- spective."] Projects: Completing book man- Venicio Artur De Lima. Ass-t. Prof., Dept. sidies) /audience production. uscript on mass communication processes. Comunicacao, UnB, 70.910, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, D.F., Brazil. Inter- Nicholas Garnham. Prof., Head of J. 0. Boyd-Barrett (Dr.). Lecturer, ests: Critical communications theory, Media Studies, School of Communication, Faculty of Education Studies, Open esp. alternative models for democratic Polytechnic of Central London, 18/22 University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes communication. Projects: 1. communica- Riding House Street, London W.I., U.K. MK7 6AA, England. Interests: Mass tion education in Brazil (sponsored by Interests: History and political econ- media and cultural dependency. Projects: ABEPEC— Brazilian equivalent to AEJ) ; 2, omy of culture and mass communications. News agencies in the 1980's. forms of popular communication (planned). -Projects: History of the development of the culture Industry ;in Britairt:

Eric Breitbart. Project Director, 484 John Doolittle. Asst. Prof., Schobl of 1890- . ' , ...... First St., Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA. Communication; American University,

Interests: Work and family life. Washington, DC 20016, USA. Interests: .Todd Gitlin. Asst. Ptof . Sociology Prcijects: Film project funded by N.Y. TV news and children. Dept./ Director, Mass Communications Program, University of Council for the Humanities on Taylorism California, , and its relation to modern manufacturing Rick Ducey. Grad. Asst., Dept. of Tele- Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. Interests: technology; first uses of film in indus- communication, Michigan State University, -The meanings of popular culture (enter- trial settings. East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. Interests: tainment and news); theory of hegemony; Mass media technology, economics, pUblic relations between mass communications Aggrey Brown. Director, Caribbean Inst., policy. Projects: Mass media environ- and political/economic structures; con- for Mass Communication, University of ments. ceptualizing med-ia effects. Projects: the West indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Research into the ideologies of tele- Jamaica. Interests: Race, power, poli- Barbara Eisenstock, Ph.D. Asst, Prof, vision entertainment. tics and, the, mass media in the Caribbean. (part-time), California State University Projects: Outlining book on mass media Northridge; Consultant, Applied Communi- Luis-Anlbal Gomez. Prof, and research- and national transformation; conducting cations Networks; 533 North McCadden er, Apdo. 51.339, Sabana Grande, 1050-A a procpss evaluation of aln experimental Place, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA. Caracas, Venezuela. Interests: Inter- agricultural radio station in Jamaica. Interests: Formative evaluation; media national and intercultural communica- literacy. Projects: Formative evaluation, sociology and psychology of com- Giovanni Cesareo. Journalist/Researcher, tion PBS' "The New Americans." munication, comm. and development, flpw of news, new int. inf. order, public present Editor of IKON, Corso Concordia , '' 7, Milano, Italy, [via Cardinal Federico Fred Fejes. Lecturer, Dept. of Communi- opinion, propaganda, advertising, 7, 20123 Milano, Italy.} Interests: Rela- cation and Theater, Box 4348, University transnational corps, in advertising. tion among cultural & material conditions of Illinois, Chicago Circle, Chicago, IL in communication processes. Projects: A 60680, USA. Interests: International Douglas Gomery, Assoc. Prof., Sandburg book about the news production In daily communication; communication and the Hall, University of- Wisaonsin-Milwaukee, papers and weeklies. Third World; media imperialism. Projects: Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Interests: "Media Imperialism and the Good Neighbor: Economics of m,iss media. Projects: ."^imlta Economic history 6f film, economics of S. Chakravarty. Crad . student, US Shortwave Broadcasting to Latin Ameri- 1822- B Orchard Place, Urbana, IL 61801, ca, 1930-1945" radio and television. USA. [Permanent address: 10, J.C. Bose Marg, Lucknow, India.] Interests: Cul- Giro Marcondes Filho. Prof., Escola de Denis Gosselln. Research Asst. /PhD Inst, of Communications tural studies. Projects: studying. Comunicacois e Artes, Universldade de Sao student, Research, 222B Armory Bldg., University Paulo. Ginnheimer Landstr. 40 App. 131, Max R. Tello Chariin. Researcher, Prof. page 7 Communioation Perspectives

versity of California-Santa Barbara, CA IL 61820 USA. communication systems in the Nordic of Illinois, Champaign, 93106, USA. Interests: Role of media in economy of mass com- countries. Interests: Political Interpersonal interaction; ethnographic munication, lesal and policy aspects of Inst, of analyses of audience activity; radio audi- broadcasting; media industries in Canada. Ragini Joshi. PhD candidate, Communications Research, 222B Armory ence composition/attitudes. Projects: Social uses of television research pro- Prof., Dept. Bldg., University of Illinois, Champaign, Lawrence Grossberg. Asst. gram; interpersonal USA. [1978 Coltman Rd., #5, processes involved in of Speech Communication, 244 Lincoln IL 61820, 44106, USA.] Interests: the selection of media content; conversa- Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Cleveland, OH communications, international tion as the theoretical link between ide- 61801, USA. Interests: Philosophy of Third World communica- ology and the social uses of media; atti- communication and culture (hermeneutics, flow of information, critical Symbolic treat- tudes toward "new wave" music. Marxism, semiotics), cultural studies tions theory. Projects: and war for purposes (rock'n'roll). Projects: A material- ment of the military Indian mass Elizabeth Mahan. Doctoral candidate, philosophy of communication; a semi- of national integration in ist Dept. of Radio-TV-Fllm, University of reading of rock'n'roll. media. otic Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Interests: Communication and informa- of Communi- Ed Keller. Freelance researcher/writer; Thomas Guback. Prof., Inst, Comparative Research Associate, Yankelovich Skelly tion policies. Projects: Armory Bldg. , Uni- cations Research, 222 regulation in policy W. 23rd St. (2N), New study of broadcast versity of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, and White, 300 USA. Interests: Public in Mexico and the U.S. USA. Interests: Economic structure of York, NY 10011, decision-making in mass mass communication industries; inter- broadcasting; critical analysis of Tayyab Mahmud, Lecturer (on leave), national communication flow. Projects: media institutions; Projects: 1. Dept. of International Relations, Univer- Structure and policies of the film First Amendment theory. public information dis- sity of Islamabad, Pakistan. Presently industry. Investigation of semination (esp. mass media) regarding graduate student, Dept. of Political Relationship between Science, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Timothy Haight. Asst. Prof., Dept. of nuclear energy; 2. political attitudes. HI 96822, USA. Interests: Imperialism; Communication Arts, University of media content and state in peripheral societies; politics Wisconsin-Madison, 821 University Ave., Kellner. Assoc. Prof., Dept. of of communications. Projects: PhD in Madison, WI 53706, USA. Interests: Douglas of Texas, Austin, Political Science. Dissertation topic Telecommunications policy, critical Philosophy, University Interests: Mass media "Politics of the New International Infor- theory, media reform, communication TX 78712, USA. culture, film and television, mation Order." behavior of oppositional groups. and popular radical alternatives. Projects: Book on society; articles Armand Mattelart, Prof., University of DeeDee Halleck. Exec. Committee, Assn. role of TV in American of television criticism; public Paris (Vincennes), 7, rue Payenne, Paris of Independent Video and Filmmakers, on theory 75003, France. Interests; National activist and organizer in the area of access TV. state and transnationalization; popular Public Television Legislation, 165 W. Ullamalja Klvikuru. Instructor in Mass communications network. Projects: Cable 91, New York, NY 10024, USA. Interests: Munkkiniemen puistotie 1 TV and transnationalization in Europe Putting together a television/video Communication, Finland. (more particularly Belgium) ; popular com- cassette magazine in the area of com- B 17, 00330 Helsinki 33, culture, foreign munication networks in Mozambique; cul- munications issues with the Center for Interests: News, mass Anglo-American tural industries in Latin America. New Art Activities. Show will be domination. Projects: mass media. broadcast on cable and made available influence in the Finnish Jose A. Mayobre M. Journalism, Prof, of for revolving lease. Projects: Prof., Institut Communications, Researcher, Diplomat. Issues to be addressed in weekly edi- Hans J. Kleinsteuber. UniversitSt First Secretary (Communication and Infor- information order; art, fur Politische Wissenschaf t , tions are: new of Venezuela 2000 Hamburg mation) . Permanent Mission media and the state; women and broad- Hamburg, Von-Me lie-Park 15, Communication to UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75007 Paris, casting; data and revolution, etc. 13, FRG. Interests: politics, esp. new technologies (cable, France. Interests: International Mass political economy of communi- Communications and media. Projects: William E. Hanks. Asst. Prof., 200 satellite), News and diplomacy - the press as a tool Williams Hall, Communication and Theatre, cations. and extension of foreign policy. Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. Chung Kong. Prof, of Communication, Interests: Citizen-group influence in Ana University, Park Forest Eileen R. Meehan. Doctoral student, Inst, telecommunication; higher education uses Governors State South, IL 60466, USA. Interests: Mass of Communications Research, 222B Armory of CATV access channels; freedom of and sex-role stereotyping; adver- Bldg., University of Illinois, Champaign, speech and press. Projects: 1. Case media methodology. Projects: Tele- IL 61820, USA. Interests: Negotiation study of citizen-group influence on tising; sex-role socialization pro- processes leading to the development of CATV franchlsory in Pittsburgh, PA; vision and ject involving Japan, Korea, Philippines, legal doctrines or policy guidelines; 2. Survey of college and university and U.S. mass media and culture. Projects: Exten- uses of CATV access channels. Britain sion of First Amendment protection to Lenglet. Communication Special- advertising; critique of organizational Horst Holzer, Dr. Prof., Nadistr. 45, Frans B. Dutch Embassy, P.O. Box 1905, communication research. 8 Munchen 40, FRG. Interests: TV- ist, Royal The communication, children's TV, "New" Lusaka, Zambia. [Leestraat 41, Baarn, sup- William H, Melody. Prof, of Communica- communication technologies, cable- Netherlands.] Interests; Development technol- tion, Simon Eraser University, Burnaby, communication in the FRG. port communication, educational Canada, V5A 1S6. ogy, new world communication order, dev. British Columbia, Advising Zam- Interests: Political economy of Cmns; Robert Jacobson. Guest Researcher, coram, training. Projects: for policy formulation; technology; develop- Medieuddannelsen, Hus 033, Roskilde blan govt, on use .of media/comm. ment. Projects; Competition policy and Universitetscenter, Postbox 260, DK- agric, /rural development; dev. coram, industry structure; radio spectrum; Cmn 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Permanent training sessions. and economic development, address: UCLA School of Architecture & ntermedia Maga- Urban Planning, Los Angeles, CA 90024, Karley W. Lond. Editor, I San Francisco, CA Alberto Ancizar Mendoza. Director of Merging communication zine , P.O. Box 31464, USA.] Interests: Studies, Pontificia 94131, USA. Interests; General communi- Social Communication theory and planning practice, i.e., della cation problems, particularly within the University Gregorlana, Piazza communication planning . Social impacts Pilotta 4, 00187 Roma, Italy. Interests: Projects: I am "art world." of new technologies. Current problems of the mass media; new UNESCO-sponsored study of Communication working on a James Lull. Asst. Prof., order of information policies. Projects: "open," participatory planning for Studies Program, Dept. of Speech, Uni- page 8 Cormnmioations Pepspeativea

Interdisciplinary approach to social influence on how American films are made. ment; humanistic based technology communication. assessment. Bill Nichols. Director, Dept, Film Stud- James Miller. Asst. Prof, of Communica- ies, Queen's University, 2447-A Russell, Miroljub Radojkovic, Asst, Prof,, tions, Hampshire College, School of Lan- Berkeley, CA 94705, USA. Interests: Film Faculty of Political Science, Belgrad, guage and Communication, Amherst, MA and social history, film and ideology. Jove Illca Str, 165, Yugoslavia. Inter- 01002, USA. Interests: Structure and Projects: Studies on ideology and the ests; Comparative mass media systems in control of mass communication systems, image CfUm, TV, magazines, art, photog- the world, policy studies, organizations and profes- raphy) and in 50 's cinema and the cold sions, theories of industrialized cul- Josep Rota. Director, Communication ture. Projects: Study of OTP; book on the Research Center, Universldad Anahuac, social control of mass communication; Kaarle Nordenstreng. Prof., University Mexico 10, D.F. [Margaritas 312 Casa 22, teaching and curriculum planning for com- of Tampere, Box 607, 33101 Tampere 10, Mexico 20, D.F., Mexico.] Interests: munications at an innovative liberal arts Finland. Interests: International com- 1. Effects of mass coiranunication, with college. munication, theory. Projects: Inter- particular emphasis on national develop- national law of communications, theories ment and social change, 2. Structure and Bella Mody, Asst. Prof., Institute for of the press. use of the mass media, 3. diffusion of Communication Research, Cypress Hall, information (both at the national and Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, David L. Paletz. Assoc. Prof., Dept. of international levels). Projects: 1. A USA. Interests: Use of mass media to Political Science, Duke University, 214 large (over 300 variables) study on the perpetuate underdevelopment; evaluation Perkins Library, Durham, NC 27706, USA. relationship between the development of research; use of mass media for develop- Interests: Politics and media; effects the mass media, particularly television, ment project support. Projects: of the media on power and authority. and a number of indicators of social Designing an agriculture support radio Projects: Terrorism; interests groups change in Mexico between 1944 and 1976, station in Jamaica; writing a book on and media; nature of objectivity. 2. completion of a textbook on Communica-

media and undevelopment. tion Research Methods , specifically Yorgo Pasadeos. PhD candidate/Teaching aimed at a Latin American audience. Leslie G. Moeller. John F. Murray Prof. Asst, (Univ. of Texas —Communication). Emeritus, School of Journalism and Mass P.O. Box 8322, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Rohan Samarajiwa. Grad, student, Dept, Communication, University of Iowa, Iowa Interests: International communication of Communication, Simon Fraser Univer- City, lA 52242, USA. Interests: Mass (info, flow, media and development); sity, Burnaby, B.C., Canada, V5A 1S6. communication and society; interaction of media ownership and control/management; Interests: Transnational news agencies, journalist and society; mass media and readership research; readability new international information order. level of public information and compe- research. Projects: Dissertation (in Projects: Structure of news agency tence of the citizen; mass media and progress) : International news flow operations and the non-aligned news development (in all nations). Projects: through newsmagazines. agencies pool, The future of the daily newspaper: problems and options. Anne Peters. Assoc. Prof, of Sociology, Herbert I. Schiller. Prof, of Communi- California State University, Dominguez cations, University of California, San Vincent Mosco. Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA. Interests: Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Projects: Sociology, Georgetown University, Women, sexuality, pornography. Projects: International communications; the infor- Washington, DC 20057, USA. Interests: A feminist history of pornography. matisation of the economy. 1. The application of radical perspectives to communications issues, 2. The E. Barbara Phillips. Assoc. Prof, of Mogens Schmidt. Lektor, University of relationship of state and public to the Sociology, and Member, Urban Studies Aarhus, Denmark. Instltu t f. Nordlsk means of communication. Projects: Program, San Francisco University. 1043 Sprog og Litteratur, Nlel s Juelsgade 84, 1. The application of a structuralist Oxford St., Berkeley, CA 94707, USA. 82oo Arhus N., Denmark. Interests: perspective to the study of state-media Interests: Social construction of reality; Yellow journalism in its social historic relations, 2. The impact of military urban communication networks. Projects: context; television, its codes and and quasi-military agencies on telecom- Interdisciplinary urban studies text. effects; content analysis In a social munications policy, 3. The performance City Lights (to be published in Feb. 1980 and historic frame. Proj ects: Materi- of presidentially appointed directors by Oxford University Press). allstic history of the ma ss media in to the Comsat board. Denmark; codes of televis ion. Rosemary Porter. Grad. student. Anthropol- Sharon M. Murphy. Head, Grad. Studies ogy Dept., Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA Preben Sepstrup. Assoc, Prof., Aarhus in Journalism, School of Journalism, 19122, USA. [344 Harrison Ave., Elklns Park, School of Economics, Ryhavevej 8, 821o Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, PA 19117, USA.] Interests: Communication 6. Aarhus V, Denmark. [lulsbv^jvej 44, 827o IL 62901, USA. Interests: Intercultural culture, US communication policy, Dow Jones H^jbjerg] Interests: Consumption of infor- communication, mass media and national publications, Marxist communication theory, mation, consumer information, advertising, development, minorities and media. public information, societal & long run Projects: American Indian press history, Catherine Portuges. Lecturer, Dept. effects of advertising. Projects: Ideo- women in media, Nigerian press and Comparative Literature/ Director, logic & other social effects of advertising national development. Women's Studies Program. 25 Jeffrey Lane, Amherst, MA 01202, USA. Interests: Seth Siegelaub. Director, International Robin Kyle Nichols. Doctoral student. Psychoanalysis, feminism and film. Pro- Mass Media Research Center, 173 ave. de Institute of Communications Research, jects: Portrayal of women in American la Dhuys, F-93170 Bagnolet, France. 222B Armory, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. films with psychological themes, espe- Interests: The documentation of Left Interests: Economic structure and poli- cially 40's and 50's. studies on all aspects of communication tical trends of communications indus- and culture. Projects: The development tries; emerging technologies and impact Ole Prehn. Cand. Phil. Instltut 3, of our research center, library and pub- Aalborg on existing industries; social needs for Universitetscenter , P.O. Box lishing program engaged in Left studies and uses of communication. 159, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark. Inter- on communication and culture. ests: Television and radio news; televi- Mike Nielsen. Teaching Asst. 1205 E. sion, consumption (reception aesthetics); Benno Signitzer (Dr.). Researcher and Pennsylvania, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. socialisation theory; media and communi- Lecturer, Dept. of Communications, Salz- Interests: Media access, particularly cations politics. Projects: Local cable burg University, Sigraund Haffner Gasse film and radio. Projects: Historical television in Great Britain and Denmark; 18/111, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. study of I.A.T.S.E., the film workers new electronic media and local society; Interests: International communications, union with attention to that union's marketing aesthetics of electronic equip- Austrian media structures, information ,

Communioation Perspectives page 9 and documentation for communication Jeremy Tunstall. Prof. (Sociology), research. Projects: "Austria In the City University, Northhampton Square, International media system: relations London ECN OHB, England. Projects: and dependencies." Mass media in California; foreign correspondents; media policy. John Sinclair. Senior Lecturer in Soci- ology, Footscray Inst, of Technology, Janet Wasko. Asst. Prof., Temple Uni- Melbourne, Australia. 13 Canning St., versity, Radio-Television-Film Dept. Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Interests: [current address: c/o Embajada de Political economy of communications; Australia, Paseo de la Reforma 195, Piso media institutions. Projects: Labor unions and media; patterns of ownership 5, Mexico 5 D.F., Mexico.] Interests: Culture, social consciousness and ide- and control. ology; political economy of international communication, especially of Harold D. Weaver, Jr. Director, Third- advertising; methodologies for the World Moving Images Project, P.O. Box analysis of media content and the study 119, Amherst, MA 01002, USA. Interests: of audiences. Projects: On leave from Third-World cinema, cultural imperialism Footscray to undertake PhD project at (communications and education), visual La Trube University, Melbourne, concern- media and society. Projects: Refer- ing "cultural Imperialism." Currently ence work on African cinema (esp. French-, in Mexico collecting material for case Spanish-, and English-language sources), study involving relationship of MNC's, biography of Paul Robeson, Cuban cinema's state, class and television, and carry- relevance to the Third World. ing through research on television advertising: its ideological content, Michelle A. Wolf. Asst. Instructor, PhD the interests it serves, and its impact candidate, Dept. of Radio-TV-Film, Uni- on Mexican society. versity of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Interests: Children and Jennifer Daryl Slack. PhD candidate, television; international communication; Inst, of Communications Research, 222B telecommunications policy. Projects: Armory, University of Illinois, Cham- Study of the role of mental imagery in paign, IL 61820, USA. Interests: Mass children's learning from television; media and society; invention and inno- consideration of international & policy vation of communication technologies; implications of research on children political economy of communication; and television. cultural studies. Projects: Property rights in computer software; causal models used in characterizing the relationship between communication technology and society; patents and the invention and innovation of communication technologies.

Rudolf Strobe (Dr.). Communications

Researcher, il61 Old Fairburn Rd. , Col- lege Park, GA 30349, USA. Interests: International communication; communication/planning and national development; mass media and society; communication theory/methodology and research.

Federico A. Subervi-Velez. PhD program student. University of Wisconsin, Madi- son, School of Journalism and Mass Com- munication, 5115 Vilas Hall, Madison, WI 53706, USA. Interests: Communica- tion sociology: political economy of mass communication, communication and development, macro communication theory, intercultural (ethnic) and international communication. Projects: PhD dissertation: The mass media use by Puerto Rican, Mexican, and Cuban residents of Chicago. Research paper: Operationallzing general societal variables for studying the mass media as the dependent variable.

Benedict Tisa. Nonformal Educational Communications Consultant, Box 205 Col- lingswood, NJ 08108, USA. Interests: Low cost communication systems. Cultural applications in project support communications. Working mainly in third world. Projects: Just completed working on a rural development project in Jamaica. Will work on communications project in Haiti in '81.

Attention North American Researchers

At the lAMCR conference in Caracas, there was some discussion among North American researchers working in critical communications about the possibility of creating a formal organization in the United States to:

1. Bring together researchers and media activists to share ideas and coordinate efforts;

2. Represent our interests and serve as a permanent forum for our activities and research;

3. Plan strategies for collective participation in future lAMCR conferences and in other communication organizations;

4. Coordinate research with progressive communication , organizations in other countries, e.g., ILEX in Mexico.

The suggestions and participation of critical researchers is essential. Specifically, your responses to the following questions are sought by the two persons coordinating this organizing effort: Noreene Janus (ILET, Apartado Postal 85-025, Mexico 20, D.F.) and Janet Wasko (Department of Radio-TV-Film, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA).

1. At this stage of the development of critical research in the United States, should such an organization be independent or should it attempt to secure an institutional base within an already recognized association based in the United States?

2. I- ;he organization is to be Independent, what concrete commitments can you make to organizing this effort at the local, regional, or national level? Can you assist in securing conference facilities, providing institutional support, etc.?

3. If the organization is to be based within an association existing in the United States, which one would you recommend— the Association for Education in Journalism, International Communi- cation Association, Speech Communication Asso- ciation, or some other? Why? VThich would you oppose? Why? r !.-••; !f ' If! i"

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VOL. Ill, NO. 3 -/. :'] FEBRUARY 1981

CRITICAL COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS • corporation; Karen Paulsell is coordinatd,ng t ORGANIZING IN THE U.S. that work. Persons from the Washington D.C.,, area took the job of rewriting the proposed separate but compXementary. efforts, In two draft of purposes to reflect the concerns critical communication researchers have discussed at the meeting. Witli Vincent . in the eastern and mid- begun organizing Mosco coordinat;lng this task, the group has States. The effort to' ', western United been meeting to prepare a statement of pur- independent organization was be- i build aa poses for presentaJ:ion in April. The work guri^ b.y Janet Wasko (Temple University) atiA of coordinating .activities during the con- Noreene Janus (ILET) at the lAMCR confer- ference and at the meel;ing is being done by ence Caracas. At Temple University in in Tran Van Dinh. Phtladeiphia on December 14, 20 persons , , met to' discuss the goals and possible ac-

kt this point, the organizejrs of th^ CCA , tivities of the Critical Communication see the association as buil^:|.ng on the Association and also to divide up the work West Coast and Midwest Critical Communica- necessary for the organization's foiinding tion Conferences by bringing together meeting on April 11, after the closing ,, scholars, workers activists, and to ex- . sessions of the Conference on Culture and' change ideas and criticisms, to coordinate Communication in Philaileiphla-.' '' Fer's&risi ' collective research, and to develop stra- " i from the New York area assumefd' 'the""task ' tegies for collective participation in of doing the technical work necessary fofrts various public debates. The CCA is also securitig the CCA status' as a non-profit' • interested in developing ties with pro-

gressive groups outside the U.S. . For more COMMUN,ICA,TION PERSPECTIVES Information about the CCA in general, contact Karen Paulsell (480 6th Ave.,. Brook- Ed itdrial Board: ! lyn, N.Y. 11215, 212-598-3338 'at Ney York Thomas Guback • -f Marty Allor Trn University or 212-499-3719 at home) 1 tor Eileen Meehan Fred Fejes information regaiaing'the (liraft of pur- Jennifer Slack (U. of Illinois, poses, Contact M/iriceiii: 'ikosco (Dept. of (U. 'O'f Michigan) Chicago Circle) Sociology, GeorgfetOwn University, Washing- 2005^'^' is sue Ed itor : Mar ty' Alloir ton D.C'i 202-625-4205). Information on the April meeting is available from Tran Editorial Associates:- i Ji Van Dinh (Pan' African Studies Dept., Temple /<; Janet Wasko o(i Mike' Nielsen: i bo . i Univeir^lty, Philadelphia , Vk 19122) . The , (Temple U. ) ri /Denis Gosselln\';d sr task of "h^tworking Information for the en- Robin Kyle Nichols Joe Dicker .; :joivi'i tire effort hdis been assumed by Paulsell. :.< • r ( (San Diego) Tom- atareeter; i sx vo o3 ! :"^n.

" ' ': ' .- : 1 .! -I- 'I .i'-j or- OftjOT::. On a different front, the effort to organ- Please ^isend all cbrrespondencei ito: ^ -r rr-M:/ ' ize a group within the International Com-

COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIViE'S . ; o-J; -t h.uo munication Association (ICA) has been Institute of Communications Research guided by the need to bring critical re- 222B Armory Building- ^—, ,,-,,: -ror' ^' searchers into closer contact with critical

Univetsiity of Illino.is •: :: i .-iinf. z> 505 E.Armo,riy Street ,::; ,, Champaign,^ Illinois,.618 20 USA Editor's Note': Due to a change in U.S.

Yearly subscrlpitlott: U. S. , $3; foreign Postal regulations we now have to include surface mail, $3 of 4 International Pos- a street number in our address. The tal Reply Coupons,' '6^' $5 for air mall. address at the left is the one that should We do not have billing facilities. be used; for all future correspondence^ page 2 Cornmunication Perspectives

theorists and also to develop a scholarly Agency under the auspices of the Fulbright- forum for critical v7ork within the field of Hays Act of 1961. Tvjenty international communication studies. At the 1980 ICA graduate students from nine universities meeting, the association's president, xjere invited to participate in this seninar. Everett Rogers, called for the development These seminars are aimed at providing inter- of a dialogue betv;een empirical and critical national students the opportunity to meet researchers. Given ICA's apparent recep- government, press and communications indus- tivity to including critical work, Larry try representatives and offering potential Grossberg and Fred Fejes are attempting to future leaders of foreign countries an ori- bring together researchers in theory and entation to the ways of the US. researchers in practice. Already active in ICA is the Philosophy of Communication In- The majority of the speakers offered analy- terest Group, a working group originally ses of American politics and communications comprised of twenty persons and organized industries, packaging their presentations by Richard Lanigan, Grossberg, and others. as a promotion and defense of the American For the last two years, the Philcom Group ideologies and philosophies at work. has been meeting to explore problems in Issues discussed included: the relationship philosophy and their implications for re- between mass media and government, the in- search practices. At the next convention fluence of advertising on the media, com- in Ilinneapolis from May 21-26, Grossberg munications regulations, satellite tech- and Fejes will present a proposal to ex- nology, the free flow of information, public pand the Philcom Group into a group on opinion polls, and the First Amendment. Philosophy and Critical Practice. All interested researchers are urged to parti- Many of the students felt that they were cipate in this founding meeting. Besides being subjected to a public relations exer- organizational matters, papers will be precise rather than an opportunity to partici- sented in the Philcom Group on such sub- pate in meaningful dialogue. For example, jects as recent developments in critical Julius Barnathan, President, Broadcasting & theory and mass communications, phenomen- Engineering, American Broadcasting Compan- ology of film, structuralism and post- ies, gave an elementary slide presentation

structuralism, discourse analysis j the on new technologies, basing his arguments critical theories of Habermas, etc. on the premise that a democratic nilieu offers a more favorable climate for the For information on the Philosophy and Cri- development of communication technologies tical Practice Group, contact Fred Fejes than one in which governmental control is (Dept. of Communication and Theatre, Box exercised. 4348, University of Illinois-Chicago Circle, Chicago, IL 60680; 312-996-5084) or Larry Bill Smith, a Media Representative for Grossberg (Dept. of Speech Communication, Exxon Corporation, explained hov7 business 244 Lincoln Hall, University of Illinois, in general, and Exxon in particular, does Champaign, IL 61820: 217-333-1855). For not deserve the negative image it has re- information on the ICA conference, contact ceived in the media. By pointing out how Robert L. Cox (Executive Secretary, ICA, the business community performs many public Balcones Research Center, 10100 Burnett services, such as sponsoring quality public Road, Austin, TX 78758- 512-835-3061). television programs, and that advertisers exercise no censorship on commercial pro- Eileen Meehan gramming, Smith spent his hour raising the 'Good Corporate Citizen' flag. CONFERENCE REPORT

INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON Other speakers represented a variety of pub- MEDIA lic and private sector interests: including The Foreign Student Service Council (FSSC) Mary Bitterman, Associate Director for held an International Leadership Seminar Broadcasting, Voice of America, speaking on from October 18-24, 1980 in Washington, D.C, the goals, purposes and services of the VOA; The seminar, one of three held each year, the National Security Council Press Officer; was on the topic "Government and the Mass a pollster from Louis Harris & Associates; Media," and was made possible by a grant a Uashington communications la^i/yer; an from the US International Communication official of the US International Communlca-

\i —

Communication Perspectives page 3

.--t ion' Agency; an FCC Commissioner: a Nation- have conducted to prove it is hopelessly al Public Radio program host; a private flawed, despite their strong claims to the consultant for the US government; and a contrary. Even more serious, Hirsch' s work

Washington correspondent for Per Spiegel . raises the question of whether the Annen- berg researchers have deliberately misled Although the seminar seemed v/ell organized, the scholarly community by selective pre- some participants questioned its success. sentation of findings which Support their The lack of a critical perspective and the point of view, and by facile alterations of

. propagandistic overtones of the sessions the "theory" they propound so that it could called into question the seminar's effec- incorporate contradictory evidence. tiveness. Rather than promoting international education, understanding and Hirsch is able to raise such important friendship among the people of the globe, Issues because he has analyzed the same and offering an opportunity for dialogue, data which often have been used by Gerbner the seminar may only have provided an oppor- et al. in their Violence Profile articles. tunity for American boosterlsm. These data are available to all scholars from the archives of the National Opinion j Denis Gosselin Research Center. Other researchers, such as Wober in Britain and Doob and McDonald CURREriT CONTROVERSIES IN RESEARCH in Canada, have done research that contra- A DEVASTATING ATTACK ON 'CULTIVATION dicts the cultivation hypothesis, but their ANALYSIS' work has been dismissed by the Annenberg George Gerbner, Larry Gross, and colleagues team because the studies were not strict at the Annenberg School of Communications replications of their o\-m xrork. That argu- at the University of Pennsylvania have been ment will not hold, in the case of Hirsch's monitoring television content for a number xjork, since he uses the same data v;hich

, of years and have sought to discover the were used or were available to Gerbner and extent to which selectively recorded tele- associates. vision symbols "cultivate" perceptions of the "real world" in people who are "heavy The details of Hirsch's analysis are too viewers" of the medium. For example, these many to recount here, but he nqtes among investigators have argued that heavy view- other things that: 1) people who report ers should hold the view that the v/orld is that they do not view television often give a "scary" place, on the basis of the number what Gerbner et al. have called "television of acts of violence and other kinds of con- answers" to attitude questions, more than .-tent to which they are exposed while viev?- do those who say that they do watch the ;ing, regardless of their real life condi- medium: 2) any controls for "real life" tions. That viewers of television might experience, such as education and health, develop certain world views on the basis "x-rash out' the relationship between report-

of that experience (especially if there is ed : TV viewing and "world view" (i.e., the no way to test those views in personal life) relationship is probably spurious); 3) an is a plausible and interesting hypothesis. almost random variable, astrological sign, Gerbner et al. have expended considerable relates as well or better to reported TV effort over the past several years attempt- viewing than do the "world view" questions ing to demonstrate empirically that it is (i.e., the relationship between TV viewing true. and "v7orld view," if it exists, is so weak as to be substantively meaningless); Paul Hirsch, a sociologist and mass media 4) groups of people who should be especial- scholar at the University of Chicago, has ly affected by viewing TV content —because probed and reanalyzed the corpus of work of more of "their kind" are victimized on TV the Annenberg team in scrupulous detail in are not more affected than other groups and a two-part article in Communication Research are often less affected; 5) —that Gerbner (vol. 7, //4, Dec. 1980 and vol. 8, //I, Jan. et al.'s most recent concepts "malnstream-

1981) . The result of his painstaking re- ing" and "resonance" —make the "theory' so search is not a demonstration that the "cul- encompassing that any empirical result will tivation hypothesis" is necessarily false, support it. In sum, Hirsch has given the

but i that the research which Gerbner et. al. Annenberg team a good elementary course in page 4 Communication Perspectives

testing. week courses on community development, poll litical economy, women and planning, inter- Network executives have taken comfort in this national planning, environmental and health event. They should not. Hirsch points out planning, quantitative techniques, and com- that he has not attacked the idea of culti- munications. The faculty includes David B

vation per se , but rather its formulation Barkin, Richard Booth, Ira Brous, Sarah and "testing" by the Annenberg researchers. Elbert, John Forester, Gary Freeman, Ches- He has advocated more careful and competent ter Hartman, Sander Kelman, Tim Kennedy, 'empirical research, which is informed by the Linda Lacey, Jacqueline Leavitt, Manning

perceptions of humanists who study television , Marable, Chris Meek, Yvonne Scruggs Perry, A number of these, too, have found Gerbner James Petras, David Shearer, William Tabb, et al. 's analysis of TV content a simplistic Alfred Watkins, and William F. VJhyte. actuarial exercise. The scholarly community Tuition is charged. For further informa- should take heart in Hirsch' s upholding the tion, write or call: Professor Sander ideal of scientific replication, but media Kelman, Department of City and Regional researchers should ask themselves why it Planning, 106 West Sibley Hall, Cornell took so long for someone to undertake this University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Tel.: 607- enterprise. The time lag does not speak well 256-6212. of the practice of scholarly debate in our field. CURRENT PROJECTS Peter Miller THE NATIONAL BLACK PROGRAJIMING CONSORTIUM, University of Michigan INC. has been formed to serve as a center for the collection and distribution of FORTHCOfliriG EVENTS quality Black programming. Through the The Chilean Association of Peace Research distribution of Black programming from the (ACHIP) is planning to hold a conference by Consortium library, NBPC vjill seek to the end of March 1981. The conference will acquaint national audiences with the con- deal with general issues and problems per- tributions and/or problems relevant to taining to interdependence and national de- Black people. Programs are distributed velopment, including the question of self- to participating public television sta- determination and development of Third World tions, other public telecommunications .countries. The three day event vjill consist systems, academic institutions, and organi- of four main plenary sessions: 1) interde- zations. NBPC will also act as a clearing- pendence and national development; 2) mili- house for information pertaining to Black tary integration in the South and related programming. Contact: Chetuan L. Shaffer, matters; 3) nation-state and international Services Coordinator, The National Black communications; and 4) human rights (national Programming Consortium, Inc., 700 Bryden and international) and international pro- Road, Suite 135, Columbus, Ohio, 43215, cesses. A member of the International Peace USA. Tel,: 614-461-1536. Research Association, ACHIP, created in San- tiago de Chile on January 23, 1980, seeks to The INF0RJ1ATI0N CENTER is a nonprofit ser- promote interdisciplinary research on the vice designed to put community activists sources of various types of violence, its in touch with producers and distributors effects on individuals, groups, or nation- of films, tapes, slldeshows, and print states, and on its alternatives so as to material on a v/ide range of social issues. strive towards peace. ACHIP welcomes anyone The Center also gathers and disseminates wishing to attend, and anticipates being evaluative data on the effectiveness of able to provide accommodations for those who specific works in community settings. Con- do. For more information including time and tact: The Information Center, 192 Broadway, place, contact: Raquel Salinas Bascur, Radal Room 708, Hew York, NY 10038, USA. Tel.: 694 (Pob. San Carlos), Puente Alto, Chile. 212-964-1350.

Cornell's Department of City and Regional FANTASY FACTORY VIDEO OF LONDON has devel- Plannin^g is again, putting on its PROGRESSIVE oped a programmed instruction course in PLANNING SUWIER PROGRAM. The 1981 schedule "Portapak-based Video Production" under a extends from June until August, and includes commission from UNESCO's Division of Struc- a variety of one-week, three-week, and six- tures, Contents, Methods and Techniques of Cofmruniaation Perspectives page 5

Education. Sue Hall and John Hopkins of Fan- The new mailing address of Citizens will be tasy developed the course to enable a trainer c/o Georgetown University Law Center, 600 "-'to teach small groups of "students" hovi to New Jersey Avenue, NW, Washington, DC produce in-camera and electronically edited 20001, USA. Tel.: 202-624-8390. video productions using portable equipment.

-; The training package Includes a half hour PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE videotape, one trainer's manual and six stu- The RED FEATHER INSTITUTE soon will issue dents' manuals that cover subjects such as several special collections in its nei-j Cri- the care of videotapes, shot composition, tical Sociology Series, a companion to the editing, logging of shots, use of micro- Transforming Sociology Series. Topics in- phones, etc. The course V7as field tested In cluded are sociology of human rights; cri- England, India and Australia and modified tical dramaturgy; sociology of medicine; based on those experiences. The learning marxism and liberation theology; critical modules can be arranged according to the methodology; and four volumes on cultural needs of the user. From the literature we marxism. The first of these, available in received here at CP, the "Portapak-based April 1981, is a selection of articles from Video Production" course seems written in Media, Culture and Society . This 253-page simplfe and straightforward language and anthology, entitled Cultural Marxism: An might save much time and expense for groups Introduction , is edited by T. R. Young, V7ho working in community video or self-help pro- also wrote the introduction. The second jects in Third World countries by providing and third volumes xjill deal, respectively, a ready-made training program. Prices vary V7ith the Leicester and the Birmingham according to criteria established by UNESCO. groups; the fourth is open at this time and Contact: Fantasy Factory Video, 42 Theobald's manuscripts are solicited. More informa- Road, London WCIX 8NW, UK. Tel.: 01-405- tion from: T. R. Young, Red Feather Insti- 6862. tute, Red Feather, CO 80545, USA.

• RESIST , an organization established in 1967, RFI offers copies of certain articles has given more than 1000 small grants to free-of-charge to members of the profession groups working for peace and social change. during the month of their announcement in The maximum grant is nov; $500, and the aver- Footnotes and in other newsletters. Modest age has been around $250. According to costs apply at other times. RESIST, it "is hot like a regular founda-

: tion. [w]e remain a political organization, "Programming Protection: The Problem of and try to make our decisions about grants Software," Jennifer Daryl Slack, Journal in light of what vre consider the strengths of Communication 31:1 (Winter 1981): 151- .and weaknesses of our movement today." More 163. information from RESIST, 38 Union Square, Somerville, MA 02143, USA. As Jennifer Slack states in this article, "the birth and shaping of the information CURRENT EVENTS age may be taking place not only in the The public interest lav? firm, For Responsi- research laboratories, but in the complex ble Media: Citizens Communications Center, legal arrangements that are quietly defin- has merged with the Institute for Public ing new conceptions, structures, and tools Representation of the Georgeto\m University for the control and exploitation of infor- Lax7 Center. The Citizens program will oper- mation resources." In particular, chang- ate in the future under the name "Citizens ing definitions of intellectual property

' Communication Center of the Institute for and legal arrangements that are being Public Representation'" and its advocacy pro- forged to protect that property may well be gram will continue in the areas of activity one of the more important constitutive fea- traditionally addressed by Citizens. Nolan tures of the information age. This article A. Bowie has resigned as Executive Director reviews and critiques the history of the of Citizens and will soon join the Institute's attempts to define and protect computer Board of Directors. Charles R. Halpern, the software as intellectual property primarily current Director of the Institute for Public through utilizing and adapting patent, Representation, will continue in that capac- trade secret, and copyright law. ity with the merged Institute-Citizens entity. page 6 Communication Perspectives

m-t AMD CURRENT JOURr'ALS the domain of popular culture, and its teaching; Gransci and the concept of hegemony; The JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RADIO delivers an power and photography; questions of author- eclectic blend of both theoretical and prac- ship in the mass media; and analyses of tical information about the art, politics, news coverage of politics. Correspondence and economics of independent audio produc- should be sent to: The Editor, Screen Educa- tion and distribution. Special emphasis is tion, 29 Old Compton St., London, England given to the politics of the US public radio WIV 5PL. Subscriptions for both Screen and scene, but other topics recently covered Screen Education should be sent to: The have included "Sound Montage and Radio" by Society for Education in Film and Television Carlos Hagan and an article on storytelling, at the above address. "A Flight of Words" by Brother Blue. Most articles are written by active audio pro- DEMOCRACY , subtitled, "A Journal of Politi- ducers who have first-hand knowledge of the cal Renewal and Radical Change," has begun problem of trying to do original and inven- publishing as of January 1981. This quar- tive programming in a commodity-conscious terly journal's contributing editors come media environment. Articles are welcome. from diverse fields political theory, law, Subscriptions are $10 for a yeat (12 — history, sociology, and economics. Accord- issues). The Journal of Exploratory Radio , ing to its promotional material. Democracy 15 Pleasant Place, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. is "committed to the need for radical Tel.: 617-864-2538. change." Editors and contributors "share a vision df full democratic participation, SCREEN . Critical researchers working within equality and freedom that can only come • Cinema Studies need no Introduction to about through an overhaul of the system as Screen : for the past decade it has been one it so fitfully and unfairly operates right of the most influential English language now." The first issue contains articles journals of marxist film theory and criti- by Christopher Lasch, "Democracy and the cism. Drawing upon the work of Althusser, 'Crises in Confidence'"; David Dickson, Metz, and Lacan, Screen has attempted to "Technology and Democracy"; Norman 0. Brown, '^ synthesize historical materialism, semiotics, "Universal History xjith Cosmopolitan In- and' psychoanaly '.s. Its on-going project tent": and others. Future issues will take has been' to' enrich the materialist critique up themes such as Democracy vs. Mass Cul- of cinema, viewed as a social institution, ture, The' Future of Democratic Institutions, with a developed position on the specif i- and Democracy and Military Power. An arti- cally tektual issues of representation and cle on the rock music industry by Todd meaning pr6duction. Along the way it has Gitlin is scheduled for the near future. offered a challenge to the way. we think The cost is $12 per year, although the about ideology and the ideological role 'of journal has a special Introductory rate of the mass media. Wifi the latest volume. $10. Write: Democracy , 43 West 61st St., Screen 's editorial policy' has chatlf^ed to New York, NY 10023, USA. include a v;ide'r range of approaches' and' issues. Recent numbers have intluded arti- BOOK REVIEWS cles on: photography; feminist film prac-

tice; pornography; TV drama-documentary; TELEVISION—ENJEUX SANS FRONTIERES , A. copyright: and film distribution and exhi- Mattelart and J. M. Piemme (Grenoble: Press bition in the UK. Although Screen doesn't Universitaires de Grenoble, 1980). The encourage unsolicited manustt'ipts, papers objective of the book, the authors assert,

can be sent to: The Editor, Screen , 29 Old is to present information and analyses to Compton St., London, England HIV 5PL. stimulate thinking about conditions for an alternative communications policy. They

SCREEN EDUCATION ' s original focus was pri- want to open the debate, and do not accept marily pedagogical, but, in the past few it as closed^—a condition that bourgeois years, it has begun to break dovm the arbi- economic and political poxjers would prefer trary distinctions between theory, res'earch to maintain. and pedagogy— challenging our received notions of objects of study and approaches to Although the book is mainly about Belgium, teaching about them. Recent articles have ±t is not a specific case study, but rather dealt V7ith such issues as: the status of a study based on a specific case. The —

Communication Perspectives page 7 authors argue that multinational television the mode of production) was underdeveloped that ±3, TV via satellite— is moving the in Marx's work, and remains today a central struggle to a new supranational level. Be- area of debate among critical researchers.. cause of this, national television systems Too often this debate has taken on the form (and in Europe, especially those operated of open polemical argument between camps by the state or a state corporation) will dravm along disciplinary grounds. ff-ce particularly disrupting problems: a) the end of a public monopoly; b) the ero- The papers assembled in Ideology and Cul- sion of pluralism; c) the grovrth of cultural tural Production were presented at the s':jiri:i.':-..dization; and d) a crisis of perspec- 1978 meeting of the British Sociological tive for the left. Association on the theme of Culture. And, while they are not v/holly representative of New video technology, the authors point out, the range of critical approaches to the dees not affect merely dissemination of en- study of culture, the articles, taken as a tertainment and news; all of TV is in a pro- whole, with the contradictions that exist cess of redefinition. Although communica- between them, raise a significant number of tion has been a business for some time, the issues we need to reevaluate. From this commercial relations will be radically modi- perspective, the lead editorial article, fied by the structural transformation of "Representation and Cultural Production," in'rernational exchange. The problem has to and Richard Johnson's "Histories of Cul- be assessed and dealt with in both economic ture/Theories of Ideology: Notes on an and political terms. Impasse" are the key texts. In their essay the editors discuss the terms around which T'..3 book's introduction traces the genesis debates have arisen. Specifically, they oH the "cultural industry" concept, first ask of the relationships between modes of offered by the Frankfurt School, and shows production and modes of signification (of how it has been embellished and modified. the specificity of the determination of In doing this, the authors also provide a practices of cultural production). Johnson's brief critique of the direction of, and im- essay offers a critical evaluation of both petus fcr, communications research. the Structuralist and Culturalist camps within British Cultural Studies, question- The volume's title apparently is a take-off ing them on both epistemological and poli- on a very popular TV program throughout tical grounds. Europe—Jeux Sans Frontieres (Games Without Frontiers) — in which teams from various Other essays in the book deal with more countries compete in crazy games and zany specific research questions. In "Ideology stunts. Mattelart and Piemme revise this and the Mass Media: the Question of Deter- to Stakes Without Frontiers, in view of the mination," Peter Golding and Graham Murdock emergirg multinational and commercial char- argue for a relatively direct level of deter- acter of the medium. mination between economic organization and media output. In "Ideology, Economy, and Thomas Guback the British Cinema," John Hill sketches out the issues that need to be raised if the IDECL03Y AND CULTUPvAL PRODUCTION , edited by ideological analysis of the cinema is to Michele Barrett, Philip Corrigan, Annette avoid the twin pitfalls of economism and Kuhn, and Janet Wolff (New York: St. Mar- theoreticism. Other papers focus on such tins Press, 1979). A necessary element of issues as the process of stereotyping and on any critical materialist approach to the the relationship between the State, the Fami- study of communications must be a certain ly, and Sexuality. degree of reflexive critique. The questions we need to ask of the set of practices The point of a reflexive critique should not be ^nd institutions labelled "communicative" tc r-cciate the reel diffcrcnc'cc that exist be- gross traditional disciplinary lines, and tween positions in the dirccti<^n of a liberal demand a sensitivity to the complexity of notion of consensus; rather, it should aim at the effectivity of communications in the an evaluation of the political implications \ social formation. The specific nature of of our ^^7ork—of its effectivity as a directly th2 relationship between the base and the political practice. Ideology and Cultural superstructure (of culture and ideology to Production represents an important beginning of such a critique. ^^^^^^ ^^^^ , . . .

page 8 Ccmruntjaticn Perepeetivea

PEOPLE ON.,TH^ MOVE 94500, USA. [2816 Webster St.. Berke- ests; International connunicat ion; com- ley, CA 94705.] Interests: ideological riuniiatlon and the Third World; media .Jennifer Daryl Slack, member of CP Edi- apd psychological aspects of TV. imper tallsm;" transnat lonal corporations torial Board, is now A^at. Prof, of Com- and media in the Third '.orld; communi-

i oKinlcacion, University of Michigan, Col-,t 'Cecilia von Feilltzen, Researcher, PhD, cation policies. Projects: the economic lege of Engineering, Dept . of Humanities, Audience and Programme Research Dept. dependency of the Brazilian broadcast East Engineering 81dg., ' 079 Ann Arbor, Swedish Broadcasting Corp., S-10510 media on transnational corporations. MI 48109, USA, Jennifer will remain. an ,. Stockhola, Sweden. Interests: children • of the Board. i 1 active member and rass communication; theories of mass Ellen McCracken, Asst. Prof,. Dept. of connunicatlon. Proj ects: children and Conpafat ive LiJterature, South College, On leave from Temple University, Janet Class cor^unicat ion ; chairman, Swedish Univ. of ,^!assachusetts, Amherst, MA Wasko will use her time in Europe gather- Assn. for Mass Corjnunication Research. 01003 , USA. Interests: literature and ing data on the film industry and teach- the mass medcia, contemporary mass cul- Assumpca ing at Maxla College, 23 Ken- Morten Ciersing, Assoc. Prof,, Dept. of ture, critical approaches to mass cul- sington Square, London W8 , England. Comparative Literature, Section of Mass ture, the media' in Latin America. Pro- CoclEunicat ion. University of Copenhagen, jects: contemporary women's magazines T. R, Is on sabbatical Young from Red Njaisgade 80A, 2300 S, Denmark. Inter- in US. Feather Institute for 1980-81, and from ests: electronic media , commercial and Colorado State Un iverslty. Requests for publ ic 4t^velopment ; advertising's influ- J. R. Miller, Pres., ni-scinatlon Inc., Red Feathet artlc les are being handled by ence on media. Projects: development of P.O. Box 7204, San Diego, CA 92107, staff of the Inst itute. Send manuscripts TV in USA; new media; consumer infonna- USA. Interests: -travel, narketing, for Transfonning Sociology Series to tion in electronic media; significance senior citizens.' Garth Massey, Soc lolog^, Univ. of Wyoming, of ads in magazines; member of Danish Laraml?, WY 82071 , USA. Personal corre- Lars Qvortrup, Assoc. Prof., Ramus governmental ; committee on the media. spondence should go to the Sociology Raak Institute of Linguistics, Odcnse

Dept , Univeraity o'f Exeter, England University, . Doug'Coldschmldt, Asst. Dir., Rural CampusveJ 55, DK-5230 Odense Satellite Program, Academy for Educa- M, Denmark. Interests: local DIRECTORY ':.• tional Development, 1414 22nd St., NW, media; contferlt analysis; marxlst theory. Projects: local radio in In response to oiii'' questionnaire in past , Washington, DC 20037, USA. Interests: Scandinavian and European Conmmioation Perppeptivee^ the following, political economy of telecommunications, countries. uses of ' reader 8 have sent information about their communications technology for Giuseppe Richerl, via Fondazza poeitions^ addresses^ permanent addressee rural development. Projects: developing 48, Bologna, Italy (Tel.: 051-399653). \if different]^ general research inter- and managing a program to use varied [vlale Silvanl 6, Bologna, Italy (Tel.: ests, specific projects in ordex' to telecommunications technologies in sup- 051-559723).] Interests: new communi- faeilita.te the' sharing of information port of rural development activities. cation technologies, national and among conjuunication researc}iers. in- Bertram Cross, Prof., Public Policy and ternational communication politics, broadcasting comparative analysis, James Aronson, Prof., Journalism, Hunter Planning, Urban Affairs Dept, Hunter ColL, broadca^ ing decentral izatlon . Pro- College, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 790 :-adison Ave., New York^ NY 10021, USA, jects: diirect broadcast ing satellites 10021, USA. {ZAi E. Fifth St., New York, Interests: analysis of present & alterna- in EuVope; impact of new technologiea NY 10003, USA.]. Interests: the printed tive power structures & establishments in on tpia^ It ional broadcasting syptema. press: critic Ism and analysis. Projects: US, in other First World countries, & In book on journalism in China. Seconds Third l/orld countries, with par- Raquel "Salinas , ticular attention to the role played by Bascur Communication Researcher Assoc; Institute of Latin Jo Bardaelj Re'searcher, Policy Advisor varying forms of communication; transnat'l. American Studies in Stockholm, Sweden. (Dutch Broadcasting Corp.), NOS .P.O. Box corpora ions as systems of communication [Radal 694 (Pob. San Carlos), Piientev 10, 1200 JB rillveraum, Holland. Inter- i power; communication as part of decl- Alto, Chile.] Interests: commun icn- ests: public broadcast ing policy, polftl- sionr.iltln^ proccssL-s; & al tcrn.it ivcs to tlon policies in Third World, NIIO; cal economy of mass media, government repressive corporate states (botli "friend- technology transfer in coTmnun ications;" policy towards' media, relation media and ly" i "unfriendly" fascism) in their many political economy of mass media. "every day life-culture," new media devel- new forms; communication & policy planning at the local level as part of plan- opments . Proj ec t s : d ir ec t broadca st ing Jorge A. Schnitman, Vis. Scholar, Center satellites and their consequences for ing froo the -bottom sideways. for Latin Amn- cultural d em6cracy and broadcast ing in economy' and policy; internal lonal com-: don, New Cross, London, SE 14, England. British po st -war period with spec if Ic munlcation. Projects: political econ- Intcrcbts: mass media, lnage/text| new reference to breaking o f BBC monopoly. omy of "direct satellite broadcasting," Lcchnulogy. Projects: vldieo-tejct lanaty- "transborder data flow," "international sIb, holographic development s. Torben Dltlev^en, . Absuc Prof., Institute news exchange." of Languages, Commun Ications, and Cultural T. R. Young, Prof,, Spclology, Colorado History, Aalborg Uii iverslty Center , P.O. Sergio Mattos, PhD Student, Dept. of St. Univ.. Rt. 1, Red Feather, CO Box 159, DK-9100 Aplhorg, Denmark. Inter- Radlo-TV-Fllm, University of Texas at 80545, USA. Interests.:' jiodldlogyibf ests; cultural studies, literary history (on Austin leave from Federal Univer- knuwltdgIge; piedJLa, and hucvP pwnsclpua- , and soc lology , text theory. Projects: *^ sity, of Bahia, Brazil), C102 Colofkdo ness, pojolitlcs of science', ci'lt leal popular read liHi in 19th century Denmark. Apts., Austin, ' TX 78703. [ ( Parque , ,,,, theory, .-rpjl ia i""stud ie^. Proi-ects: 'Re's'Id. Sta.'. Madaluna, Bloco 15 apto. 101, editlnt; four volumes on cultural Bob Dunn, An hoc . Prof., Sociology, Cajl-. ,40.000 Salvador, Bahla, Brazil.] inter- marxt:^n In Great Britain.

fornla ' State rnivi'r:.lt y , ,Ha/ward, CA .;,'*.•••-- ' Cormunioation Perspectives ... :: paqe 9

I.e. A. PHILOSOPHY Ai'D CRITICAL PRACTICE GROUP;

STATEf^EF'T OF PURPOSE

The Philosophy and Critical Practice Group is or,":anized for the purpose of developing a critical materialist approach to the analysis of communication and society. While we seek to employ a mode and method of Inquiry that draws upon the broad tradition of a marxist-based critique of contemporary society, as a group we do not identify vdth any one particular perspective or tendency vjithin that tradition.

The goal of our activity as a group is to develop and apply, both' throuf»h theoretical Inquiries and empirical investif.ations, a 'critical materialist perspective to the study of the cultural soclolofricai, political^ and economic issues of communication and media in contemporary society. Throuf^h such study, we seek to uncover and analyze the roles that communication plays in contemporary social structures of dominance and dependence and to further define roles for communication in strategies for overcoming and eliminating such structures.

As theoretical and empirical,, inquiry are intrinsically bound tof.ether and necessary for the further articulation and pror,ress of an overall materialist perspective, we view as necessary and essential discussion', inquiry, and debate concerning the theoretical basis of our interests and work. In this x<^ay a theoretical understanding of a materialist approach to communication may be more fully developed and serve as a puide to our empirical endeavors. Likevrise, we viev; as essential the study of . specific -sotial' phenomena \jhich VTOuld serve to test and.,. iXlu^strate at an empirical level, larger theoretical

formulations. ' - '

In pursuing this activity, we- hope to expand the larpeir materialist based critique of contemporary sqeiety througl). the development ''of a keener under- standirig and appreciation of the role that communication' plays in the processes of maintenance and change at all levels of society. Conversely, vie also seek to enlarge the scope of the contemporary study 'of communication by demonstrating the relevance and importance of applying a critical materialist perspective to the structures and processes of communication.

" ,-,•;-; -v., V."- :/. ... -'i '^ ''

• •''. Comments and suggestions to. pred Fejes ' (See address in lead article.) page 10 Communicat-Con Per xteatvoes

CRITICAL COMMUNICATION ASSOCIATION:

STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

Preamble

The Critical Communication Association is an organization o£ progressive communicat;lon workers. We seek to promote democratic information systems that can advance the fullest possible collective participation in the decisions that affect our lives. For it is only through such democratic communications structures that we can overcome cultural hegemony and build a world based on economic Justice and peace. To do this we must challenge dominant power structures and the Ideologies that support elite controlled communications structures. This work is especially urgent :because monopoly control over the means of communication promotes not only cultural hegemony, but the concentration of wealth and power and the danger of global military destruction.

" Our purposes are:

1. To encourage the development of critical communication theory and to promote a political economic analysis of communication in society.

2. To dirept attention to the interrelation of politics, economics, science, and communication techniques, including the uses of the electromagenetlc spectrum.

3. To support critical communication research activities in the United States and to offer alternative means of communication appropriate for democratic society.

4. To bi;lng together critical communication theory and practice and to overcome artificial divisions among communication producers and researchers imposed by the dominant undemocratic society.

5. To work with other progressive organizations toward action strategies and toward collective participation in public fora.

6. To Join with other communication workers around the world in applying critical theory and research to the struggles of oppressed peoples everywhere for cultural autonomy and democratic control of Information resources.

Comments and suggestions to Vincent Mosco (See address in lead article.) : :

Comnrunii. ^tion Perspectives poae 11

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VOL. IV, NO. 1 JULY Tf81

ASSOCIATIONS national organization was necessary for critical communications at this point in UNION FOR DEMOCRATIC COMMUNICATIONS its development as a field, some argued The Critical Communications Association/ that the membership should be drawn from for Democratic Communications held JUliion media practitioners, labor unions, and its first national organizing meeting on researchers in order to develop communica- April 11 in Philadelphia after the conclud- tion between left/critical persons in gen- ing sessions^ of the Conference on Culture eral. This position suggested that a cer- and Communication. Seventy-five persons, tain number of places on the organization's mainly from the eastern and midwestern sec- governing board should be reserved for tions of the US but with some west coast practitioners and workers. Noting that representation, met tp, discuss the problems the vast majority attending the meeting of building a national organization. The were academic tesearchers,' some argued group split into six discussion groups to that critical researchers need to organize consider how the association should be or- themselves, develop their own channels of ganized, who should constitute its member- communication, and begin to relate their ship, what the purposes and goals of the work to the concerns of practitioners and association should be, and what it should workers. This position argued that re- be named. Some diversity of opinion on all searchers need to build a unified front these points was reflected in the reports that can then be of use to practitioners presented by the discussion groups to the and workers, many of whom are already or- group as a whole. While all agreed that a ganized into associations and unions. The debate was lively but, due to limited time, COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES no conclusion was reached. The group as a whole voted to set up an organizing com- Editorial Board: mittee to explore this issue and to report Marty Allor Fred Fejes back to the membership with recommenda- Thomas Guback (Wayne State U.) tions. Twelve persons were nominated and

, Eileen Meehan Jennifer Slack accepted by acclamation: Serafina Bath- (U. of Michigan) rick, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., Dept.

Issue Editor': Marty Allor of Com. , Box 66, New York, NY 10021; Dallas Smythe, 21808-86 A Ave., Langley, Editorial Associates: BC Canada; Oscar Gandy, Howard Univ., Janet Wasko Mike Nielsen Dept. .of Com. Arts & Sciences, Washington (Temple U.) Denis Gosselin DC 20059; Tom Guback, Inst, of Com. Res., Robin Kyle Nichols Carla Heath Univ. of Illinois, 222B Armory Bldg., 505 Champaign, IL 61820; Tim (San Diego) Tom Streeter . E. Armory Ave., Haight, Univ. of Wisconsin, 821 University Please send all correspondence to: Ave., Dept. of Com. Arts, Madison, WI COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES 53706; Noreene Janus, ILET, Apartado 85- Institute of Communications Research 025, Me'xico City, 20 D.F. Mexico; James 222B Armory Building Miller,' H^iripshire College, Sch. of Lan-

•;' & Amherst, MA 01002; Linda University of Illinois , guage Com., 505 East Armory Avenue Mitchell, ':t^0 Box 5571, San Diego, CA 92105; : Champaign, Illinois 61820 USA Vinny Moscti, 556 N. Piedmont St., Arling- ton, VA 22'207; Karen Paulsell, NYU-Inter- Yearly subscription: US, $3; foreign sur- active Telecdm. , 725 Broadway 4th fl.. New face mail, $3 or 4 international Postage York, m 10003; Manjanuth Pendakur, Dept. R^lily Coupons, or $5 for air mail. We do of Radio-TV-'pilm, Northwestern Univ. , i£2t_have_billing_ facilities; \____ page 2 Corrtmmication "Perspectives

Evanston, IL 60201; Janet Wasko, Temple/Maria pointed to the diversity of philosophical Assumpta College, 23 Kensington Sq.> London positions held by present PhilCom Group W8 England. This committee met the following members, and the noncompatibility of some morning and selected Union for Democratic of those with a materialist approach. Those Communications as the organization's name. arguing in favor of the proposal pointed to Four subcommittees were set up to deal with the fact that fully half of the papers pre- the issues of affiliation and activities sented at this year's meeting were marxist/ (Bathrick, Haight, Miller, Mitchell, Paul- materialist in their approach. The resolu- sell), organizational structure (Candy, tion that was adopted directed the group's Haight, Mosco, Paulsell, Wasko), communica- Bylaws committee to rewrite the statement of tions (Bathrick, Guback, Miller, Paulsell, purpose in a way that more adequately re- Pendakur) , and purposes /goals (Candy, Cuback, flected the concerns of marxist/materialist Janus, Pendakur). The last subcommittee is theoretical positions. In its rearticulated working on refining the statement of purposes form the PhilCom Group now represents an that CCA/UDC had circulated earlier (see CP excellent forum for the presentation of III: 3). Because of the considerable debate work in marxist/materialist, theory, for over the relative merits of a strong, more work on the relationship between critical politically direct statement as opposed to a theory and research practices, as well as an less direct, more inclusive statement, this opportunity for critical theorists to begin subcommittee is particularly interested in to share concerns and problems. For more receiving comments and suggestions. Regional information about the PhilCom Group contact meetings of UDC members in the east have in- its current Chair: Lawrence Grossberg, Dept. volved some discussion of this problem. A of Speech Com., Univ. of Illinois, 244 Lin- meeting is currently being organized in the coln Hall, Urbana, IL 61801. midwest to consider the statement of purpose, Marty Allor and to develop a midwest regional network of critical researchers. Anna Zomosa and Marty CONFERENCE REPORTS Allor are coordinating this effort; August 8th has been tentatively set as the date for CONFERENCE ON CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION this meeting. In either late August or early The 1981 CCC provided a wonderful opportun- September, the organizing committee will meet ity for critical communications researchers to discuss the ideas, comments, suggestions, to present and critique work, to exchange and opinions voiced during regional meetings ideas , and to continue developing interper- as well as those received by committee mem- sonal networks v/ithin the field. So many bers via mail or telephone. For more infor- papers of interest v;ere presented that space mation on the UDC, contact any of the mem- prohibits detailing them. Fortunately, se- bers of the organizing committee. For infor- lected proceedings from the conference will mation on the midwest regional meeting-, con- be published by the ABLEX Publishing Cor- tact Anna Zomosa (1129 Elisabeth #1, Madison, poration in 1982. Conference director Dr. WI 53703) or Marty Allor (Inst, of Com. Res., Sari Thomas is currently preparing for the

Univ. of Illinois, 222B Armory Bldg. , 505 E. next CCC, which will be held in Philadelphia Armory Ave., Champaign, IL 61820). in 1983; solicitations for papers/symposia should be mailed by late Spring, 1982. For Eileen Meehan further information, contact Thomas at Dept. of Radio-TV-Film, Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PHILOSOPHY OF COMMUNICATION GROUP OF I.C.A . TO REARTICULATE STATEMENT PA 19122. At their business meeting during the last SAN DIEGO CONFERENCE ON CULTURE AND COMl-flJNI- I.C.A. Conference, the PhilCom Group took up CATION the issue of a membership liaison vjith criti- The San Diego Conference on Culture and Com- cal communications researchers. There x^^as was held at the Hotel San an extended discussion that focused on the munication, 1981, weekend of February 20-22. extent to which the two groups of research- Diego over the of the conference was to facili- ers shared common assumptions and research The purpose tate exchange and development of communi- practices, as well as the concerns of both the cations theory and practice through work- groups as to the structural problems of such shops panels paper and video presentations a merger. Those arguing against the merger , , ^

Commmiaation Perspeotives page 3 featured speakers, and informal interaction. Satu^rday morning's plenary session was one The conference was open to the public and of the more high-charged conference events, over 200 people attended. featuring "A Tribute to Herbert Marcuse" by Carol Becker, Chicago Art Inst.; "Policy on The conference opened on Friday evening with Information and Ideology: Spiral of Terror a plenary session featuring keynote speeches (Pt. 2)" by Dallas Smythe, Temple Univ.; by Lee Thayer, Univ. of Wisconsin, on "Com- "New Computer Technologies and Accountabili- munication and Communicability" and by Stuart ty" by Rob Kling, UC Irvine; and "Whose In- Even, Hunter College, New York, on "Bill- formation Age?" by Herb Schiller, UC San boards for the Future." Following was a Diego. Schiller's presentation was particu- theatre presentation, "The American Media larly lively in form and poignant in content, Family," created and performed by a group inciting a heated audience response. He from UC Santa Barbara. cautioned that "Information Age" is a decep- tive term because this is not so much an Beginning early Saturday morning, over a hun- Information Age as it is an age during which dred events filled the weekend agenda, con- information is being used. He continued by sisting of a wide range of presentations, exposing the objectives of control, profita- workshops, and panels categorized into such bility, surveillance, and coercion underly- subject areas as access, critical theory, ing the development of technologies. television studies, film, intercultural communication, popular culture, gender and femi- On Sunday, there was an open-ended critical nism, and advertising and persuasion. theory session used to discuss the conference and critical positions. The quality of cri- The conference offered a kaleidoscope of tical research as represented at the San events and a means to interact with people Diego Conference was briefly debated. The with diverse interests in the field of commun- bulk of the session, however, centered on ication. From a critical standpoint, however, the pending formation of a National Critical the sessions generally lacked left, radical, Communications Assn. and a discussion of its progressive, or marxist perspectives. purposes as stated in a working draft of its Granted, the conference was not Intended to preamble. be a critical communications conference, per provides se . Moreover, the very size of the confer- A thirteen-page conference program ence created organizational difficulties. a complete list of conference events and pre- Still, even in those five sessions desig- senters. For program copies ($1) or infor- nated for critical theory, only a few presen- mation about audio and video tapes, contact ters cited other than mainstream references, Mike Real, Dept. of Telecom, and Film, San challenged the existing structure of the Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA 92182. media, assessed the institutional bases of information and technology, considered solu- :;ii. R. K. Nichols, San Diego .tions for change, or attempted to evolve meaningful theoretical frameworks. Over the SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY-CARBONDALE course of the weekend, it became clear that HOSTS SYMPOSIUM ON "INTERNATIONAL~~~~PERSPEC- there was a lack of consensus about what TIVES ON NEWS .' constitutes critical research. The School of Journalism-Carbondale sponsored a six-day symposium from April 5-l0, entitled One of the highligjits of the conference was "International Perspect;ives on News" on the Stuart Ewen's slide presentation, "Bill- SIU-C campus. The Symposium, which drew boards for the Future." In a form he calls participants from all over the US, Africa, ''critical Imagery," Ewen improvised the bill- Asia, Europe, and Latin America, was jointly board concept to serve as a means for person- funded by the US International Communication al and critical expression. In the course of Agency and the East/West Foundation. It was circulating the billboards, Ewen created a attended by faculty, students, media practi- network for the exchange of critical perspec- tioners, and the general public. Topics tives (some of them have been published in covered in presentations included the need Radical America, Spring 1981, Vol. 15, No. for the New Information and Communication 1&2, pp. 55-64). page Communication Perspectives

Order, American and Western bias in the world tions. Jerry Rollings of the Machinists press, e thro cent rism, the responsibility of presented the results to a DC/Philadelphia journalists as educators and social critics, contingent meeting in Vinny Mosco's house. communication, and national development We were linked to a group meeting at New in the third world. Among the presenters York Univ. where Brian Winston, a NYU were Jose Mayobre, Jeremy Tunstall, Kaarle professor, shared with us the results of Nordenstreng, and Hanno Hardt. The proceed- his research on how British media similarly ings of the Symposium are currently being present a systematically distorted image of edited for publication at a later date. For British working people and their unions. further information, contact Dr. Sharon Murphy, VJinston worked with the Glasgow Univ. Media Symposium Director, Sch. of Journalism, SIU-C, Group. Their findings are published in Bad

Carbondale, XL 62901. News , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul (1976) and More Bad News (RKP; 1980). The 25 par- THE INVISIBLE :!AJORITY ticipants in the audioconference session agreed that the concerns raised by Rollings One of the best kept secrets in communica- and Winston ought to be central items on the tions research is the work of the Interna- research and action agenda of critical com- tional Assn. of Machinists and Aerospace munications people. Rollings was enthusias- Workers. For the last two years the Machin- tic about the UDC and pledged the union's ists Union has conducted a massive television support, financial and otherwise, to our monitoring project to assess the images of efforts. working people and their unions on US television. Some 1500 lAM members in 43 states Here are some more resources for uncovering monitored prime time television during Febru- the blind spot on these issues: ary 1980. Material for the content analysis To get a tape of the DC/Phila/NY audiocon- included 53 different series, 24 movies, 24 ference send 2 C-60 or 1 C-120 cassette tape specials, the early evening national network and $1 to cover postage to: Howard Frede- news , and the late night local news . These rick, 4545 Connecticut Ave. NW, Apt. 510, are the major findings; Washington, DC 20008. 1. Unions are almost invisible on television. To learn more about the lAM Media Project 2. When presented at all, unions are violent, write to: Jerry Rollings, lAM Media Project, obstructive, and degrading institutions. No 1300 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 909, Washing- references were found to the vital role unions ton, DC 20036. have played and continue to play in improving The Machinists also run a media "hotline" the quality of life for working people. service to provide up-to-the-minute informa- 3. Television generally ignores the impor- tion on media industry, regulatory, and tance of goods production in the US. Work public interest Issues: Continental US rarely happens; no things get made. Further- (except Illinois): 800-323-1708; in Illinois: more, the TV occupational structure is totally 800-942-1617. These toll-free numbers are out of line with reality: there are 12 times available Monday through Friday, 9AM-5PM more TV detectives than production workers. Eastern Time. „. ^ 4. TV news is overwhelmingly slanted in a Vincent Mosco^, corporate direction. Monitors assessed the KEEPING. AN EYE ON THE CORPORATE COmUNICATORS corporate or union slant on five issues: inflation, energy, foreign trade, health care, We all know that the media and media people . and tax reform. Of the three networks, CBS are not neutral, that news is not "objective," favored the corporate position 3-1, NBC 5-1, and that arguments for objectivity play a and ABC 7-1. very important ideological role in corporate and/or government domination of communica- A second round of monitoring has just been tions. What we may know less about are completed; lAM will have these results avail- explicit efforts on the part of corporate able soon. interests to use communications media to their economic and political advantage. The lAM Media Project was discussed at a June 7 audioconference meeting of Washington DC, Recently, the Foundation for American Com- Philadelphia, and New York members of the munications was brought to the attention of newly formed Union for Democratic Communica- the CP Board, and we felt that it might be Communication Perspectives page 5 of interest to our readers to pass on some representatives from both media and business. information about the efforts of this Foun- Following is a partial list of contributors. dation. FACS, as it is referred to, consi- So much for "objective" communications. ders itself a "national educational insti- Alcoa Corp. Philip R. Jonsson Fdn. tute." It was established in 1976 and its Allstate Ins. Co. Esther A. & Joseph purpose is "to enhance corporate effective- Arizona Republic / Klingenstein Fund ness in communicating via the media." In a Phoenix Gazzette Loctite Corp. recent flyer distributed by FACS the corpor- Amer. Telephone & Los Angeles Times ate effectiveness-media situation is des- Telegraph Marriott Corp. cribed thus: "Corporations face a critical Atlantic Richfield McDonald's Corp. need to communicate more effectively with Corp. Mobil Oil Corp. their key constituencies through mass com- BankAmerica Fdn. Newsweek munications: television, radio, newspapers, Bechtel Fdn. Occidental Life Ins. magazines and the wire services, l^ile it California Federal Olin Fdn. was true in the past that communications was Savings Pacific Gas and a higjily specialized aspect of the organiza- Capital Cities illiectric tion, it is now clear that key management Communications Pacific Telephone must understand and participate in the com- Chase Manhattan Bank Panhandle Eastern Pipe munications and public affairs efforts of Cheseb rough-Ponds Line Co. , business." Chevron USA, Inc. J.C. Penney Co. Adolph Coors Fdn. Pennzoil Co. To achieve this goal, FACS sponsors educa- Crocker Nat'l. Bank The Ann Peppers Fdn. tional programs for reporters and editors on Crown Zellerbach Procter and Gamble Fund vital issues such as the economy or energy, Cecil B. deMille Fund Rockwell International seminars for business executives and other Dow Chemical Co., USA Sarah Scaife Fdn. interested individuals on how the news El Paso Co. Security Pacific media operate, and media counseling for non- Exxon USA Charitable Fdn. profit organizations. A considerable num- Fluor Corp. Shell Companies Fdn. ber of their conferences and seminars have Gannett Newspaper SmithKline Fdn. been held jointly with organizations such as Fdn. Southern California Michigan State Univ. , the Michigan Press Garrett Corp. Gas Co. Assn., Gannett Newspaper Foundation, the Gates Fdn. Square D Co.

Colorado Broadcasters Assn. , and a host of General Electric Standard Oil Co. of others. For example, a conference held in General Motors Corp. Ohio early April, jointly sponsored by FACS and Getty Oil Co. Sunnen Fdn. the UCLA Graduate Sch. of Management was to W.R. Grace & Co. Teledyne, Inc. consider issues such as why and how business Gulf Oil Fdn. Texaco must engage in the "War of Ideas;" managing Hewlett Packard Co. Texas Educational Assn. Infofmation in a crisis; responding to ad- Fdn. TICOR verse publicity; the role of media in shap- Hughes Aircraft Co. TIME, Inc. ing public perceptions of business; the rise Hydril Co. Union Oil Co. of of newsocracy; and new responsibilities in Irvine Co. California journalism. In addition, throughout the The J.M. Fnd. United California Bank spring of this year there were a number of DeWitt Wallace Fund (Readers' Digest) US regional conferences for journalists designed to "help" journalists understand For those interested in "keeping an eye on the complexities of the economy and of energy the corporate communicators" FACS publishes issues so that they would not remain useless a newsletter titled MORE FACS. For more in- "generalists." Subjects included in these formation/edification contact FACS: Founda- conferences were: inflation— is it controll- tion for American Communications, 3383 Barbara able?, interests rates— are they coming down?, Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90068, USA. the economics of energy; and recessions—are they inevitable? TRAVEL NOTES OF A EUROPEAN SCHOLAR COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH FOR THE 80's; FACS is supported by more than 70 founda- U.S. ORDERS tions, news organizations, and corporations. FULFILLING THE US universities and institutes Its governing board of trustees includes Touring some '

par:: 6 Ccrrmunication Perepeativea B=at*=sssss£B:s==a=;=3=:sssc;=

to learn about current trends in Internation- so eager to learn German, because I don't al Communications Research is a rather dis- want to mess around with these Third World

illusioning experience in these days : the slops all life long.' Ignoring the fact pleasure of travelling, meeting old friends that an assignment to Berlin might be danger- and discussing new thoughts is constantly ous in these times, his statement reveals being undermined by the lamentable state of the truth: that all the former 'communica- mainstream research in 1980. Its protagon- tion and development' strategies are pretty ists are no longer waiting for orders: they much passe nowadays, whereas the tough ruling have received them and are now eager to exe- of the rest of the world, with the possible cute their master's commands. Even worse, help of a few wealthy and obedient allies, some academics are the masters: 'I pride is in— through the very same ends needless myself to be a pretty good bureaucrat' boasts to say. the director of a prestigious international communication program in Boston, who until Consequently, George Washington University's

recently worked there on the payroll of the proudly announced new ' Telecommunications

State Dept. , 'to oversee that they get their Policy Program' is not only most heavily re-

feet do\TO to earth. flected in SIGNAL , the 'Journal of the Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Asso- But where there is a 'dompteur/ there are ciation,' but also offers classes in which the tamed and where there is a supervisor, the communications career seeking DC J, bureau- there are directions which, in this case, crats are taught by a high ranking NTIA ad- road: do not confuse scientific research ministrator that a powerful global spectrum with freedom of thought, but make it avail- management is the answer to every problem able to the very earthbound advancement of in international communications. US foreign policy— for better or worse. VJhat if, just supposing, the results of your re- So, the one and only paradigm ir. mainstream search do not exactly correspond with the for- US International Communications Research in mer requirement? The solution is very easy, these days is to accommodate the results of and how to go about it can be learned at its an entirely biased science to the very dis- best just a few blocks away, where the 'Great tinct requirements of US foreign policy, Legitimizers' dx^ell. Old and young, high- thus subordinating the alleged freedom of handedly they have discovered that 'every (?) thought to an explicit partisan practice of human behavior has (!) to transpire through political power. If even the more liberal the process of communication' and then have institutes for communication research teach decided to better concentrate on the more subjective ideals rather than objective powerful side of that process. knowledge, capitalistic policies rather than historic understanding, they themselves need This approach involves the remarkable advan- to be named ideological training camps rather tage of henceforth being able to dissolve than places of scientific thought, bourgeois vjhatever issue is in vogue into a problem of training camps not only for academically this very biased conception of the 'process spoiled American youth, but also for tomor- of communication' and fortunately finding row's expected leaders of Latin America, oneself always on the winner's side: where Asia, Africa, and Europe as well. funds are ample and research is measured in term^ of its profitability to its patrons. It only seems to be a contradiction if communications students in this tradition tend .^re these the only supposedly scientific, in to be apparent apolitical experts in gather- fact compliant, executors of International ing data, compiling statistics, and handling Communication Research in '80; where do we computers, for in fact they suffer an inten- find their trend and agenda setters'.' Just tional lack of the absolutely indispensible travel via Nev; York and New Jersey down to prerequisite to all these skills: a sound Washington DC and you certainly will run into theoretical framework, which only given a quite a few of them, at A.T.& T. , IBM, Citi- conclusive answer to the actual function of Corp, EXXON, etc.i and the Depts, of State communications in a specific society, and and Defense. There is the ambitious young within the terms of how this very society fellow at an international government agency, works. One finds hundreds of methodologi- for example, who frankly admits that 'I am cally most sophisticated Ph.D. theses, for . : .

Cormuniaation Perspectives page 7

example, each of them one stone in the con- be forwarded to: Oscar H. Gandy, Jr., llox/ard fusing puzzle of bourgeois science;, few of University Dei^t. of Corx.unicr.tion Arts & thcra providing any new insights in their fci.-nces, WaGhincton, DC 20^59. subjects—but all of them without any understanding of why they are doing what they are PROJECTS doing,, and in which historical and social MUSIC AND MUSIC INDUSTRY STUDY GROUP cbri|te:!;t We are interested in setting up an informal group of people Involved in the research or However, there are exceptions to that main- teaching of popular music. Such a group stream approach to US communications re- .. could initially serve as a clearinghouse search— typical in fact of all social sci- to share resources and as a medium to connect ences throughout the capitalist world. They isolated individuals with common interests. are exceptions within the hub of a theoreti- Anyone interested should contact Larry cally profound, scientifically, and politi- Grossberg, Dept. of Speech Com., 2A4 Lincoln cally aware framework in Urbana, XL and Hall, 702 S. Wright, Univ. of Illinois, Philadelphia, PA. Farsighted and already Urbana, IL 61801, or Larry Shore, PO Box Xi;ith fine results the former., upcoming and 1481, Hunter College, 695 Park Ave., New expanding, the latter is full of neir ideas, York, NY 10021. We would like to encourage promising projects, and challenging thinking people from any discipline whose work is in abounds in both of thera. 5-19-81 this area to contact us. Please include some statement of research interests and/or ji "^m^. teaching perspectives (such as a course

syllabus) ' FORTHCOniNG EVEMTS

The Tenth Annual Telecommunications Policy PAPERS TO MOTE Research Conference will be held April 25- THE CHALLENGE OF COOPERATION: A STUDY OF April 28, 1982 in Annapolis, Maryland. Re- ALTERNATIVE COMI-IUNICATIOM IN LATIN AMERICA searchers from various disciplines, along . Claudio Aguirre Bianchi and Goran Hedebro with federal policy makers and representa- (Stockholm: U. of Stockholm, Inst, of Latin tives of affected industries, will attend. American Studies Research Paper #17, I4ay, '80, (Postbo:: 6909, S~102 Stockholm, Sweden) Those wishing to present a paper are invited to submit 1-2 an abstract of pages, describ- Challenge of Cooperation , in a short 55 pages ing the research and its relevance to policy (not including appendices) , provides a com- considerations in one or more of the follow- prehensive and critical overview of attempts ing areas to set up alternative news and informational - international competition in telecommuni- agencies in Latin i\merica against prevailing cations hardware and services communication systems emanating from North - the social impact of new telecommunica- America and Europe. Unfortunately, at the tions systems on particular sectors of the time of the writing of this booklet most of economy and the society as a whole the alternatives were still in the discus- - regulation, deregulation and re-regula- sion stage. Except for ASIN (Action of tion in telecommunications: historical analy- National Information Systems) , an associa- sis of the policy targets (diveorsity, effi- tion of already existing nev^s agencies in ciency, etc.) for broadcast and common Latin America touting mostly government in- carrier regulation. formation, the other prospects (ALASEI, a development oriented autonomous news agency; Submissions should include author(s) identi- RITLA, a technological information service; fication, institutional affiliation, and and. the Third World Information Service) have support for the research (^^^*y), and he yet to take material form. sent by October 1, 1981 to?^"K;nth Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, Aguirre Bianchi and Hedebro do not abandon c/o Prof. Janusz A. Ordover, Dept. of Econom- hope, hovjcver, merely because national elites ics, New York Univ., New York, NY 10003. cannot assume the initiative in challenging the transnationals. Though they are not Any suggestions for plenary sessions/approaches explicit about it. Critical Tlieory would toward policy in the new environment, can also suggest that national elites can never be . — page 8 Communication Perspectives expected to take the lead in pre-revolution- Peoples Translation Service, A228 Telegraph ary struggles. Instead one must look to the Ave., Oakland, CA 49609. $22 year (indi- people for their own liberation. Challenge viduals); $35 year and up (sustainers) ; $45 of documents a number of opposi- Cooperation year (libraries and institutions) ; $40 year tional media practices in Latin America, some (foreign airmail other than Canada and of them occuring right under the noses of the Mexico) most repressive regimes in the world. That these efforts— at local press, local broad- Cin^-Tracts , published in Montreal four casting, community education, and political times a year (on an irregular basis) , is the communication—often fail, to be replaced by most important North American journal deal- other efforts, is testimony to the acute ing with the problems and Issues raised in dialectic that is being worked out on the attempts to relate cinema studies and cul- capitalist periphery. tural studies. The journal has contained articles dealing with a wide range of issues, It may be too much to ask of such a short including: readings of individual film work, but Challenge of Cooperation does not drawing on Lacanian psychoanalysis, discus- present an adequate theory connecting devel- sions of the domination of Canadian culture opment with communications structures. We by the US, discussions of the relations be- all know intuitively that liberated communi- tween film technology and ideology, and cation will serve liberated societies, but political economic analyses of the film in- which comes first, the chicken or the egg? dustry. Over the past several years Cind- And if they are, simultaneous processes, how Tracts has published the work of people like: can we as communication researchers slip the Raymond Williams, Stephen Heath, John Berger, narrow bounds of our professional label and Kristin Thompson, David Bordwell, and Saul become development planners, activists, and, Landau. Manuscripts are accepted, but are finally, revolutionaries? This question not returned (they should be sent In tripli- should be uppermost in our minds, always; calt, double spaced). Single issues are hopefully we will find the answer in practice. $2.50, subscriptions are $8 a year ($10 Robert Jacobson foreign, including US), ^e address of the Roskilde Universitet editorial and business office is 4227 Esplande Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2W ITl. NEW AMD CURRENT JOURfJALS BOOKS TO NOTE Nevjs front International is a bi-weekly news- TELEVISION:' COIJTENT AND CONTROL letter that consists primarily of translated PRIME-TIME . articles about countries other than the Muriel G. Cantor (SAGE Publications, Beverly United States written from the other coun- Hills, CA,' 1980) tries' perspectives. The focus of News front Intended as a text, book— indeed, the third International is to provide Americans with in F. Gerald Kline's SAGE series of texts accurate, comprehensive, non-sectarian left- this book is a fair presentation of the or- oriented information about events occuring ganizational and interorganizational con- outside the United States that link what is texts that control the production of tele- happening in the United States with what is vision programs, specifically drama and happening elsewhere in the world. Given the situation comedy. Cantor, examines the his- political nature of the translated articles, torical development of television program- it is not surprising that most of the informing, its roots in radio and theatrical mation included in the newsletter is unavail- film, and also the humanistic and sociologi- able anywhere else in English. Recent issues cal analyses of television content. Al- have included translated sections of articles though appreciative of qualitative work by from a broad range of publications from a such scholars as Horace Newcomb , Cantor broad range of countries such, as West Germany, defends the content analytic approach of Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Spain, Austria, George Gerbner despite v^hat she character^ and Mexico. Also included are selections izes ag "problems in canceptualization, from the IPS wires and relevant English lan- measurement, and sampling."' Taking as her guage publications such as Latin American point of departure the question "who is re-, Reports . Subscribe by contacting the volun- sponsible' for the negative images found by teer staff that publishes the newsletter: the Annenberg team. Cantor focuses on "how

i: •.•,>,- , ,

Communication Perspectives page 9

the content is produced and on the controls is its attention to the complexities of the and constraints on the creators and dissemin- deployment of power in America. In develop- ators of drama. Television drama is not ing his thesis Gross traces both institu- being presented as a social problem, but tional and class connections between govern- rather as both a form of culture and as an ment and business, as well as the resulting economic commodity." Unfortunately, Cantor social policies that so threaten the possi- fails to locate the organizational and inter- bility of democracy. The book consistently organizational relationships within any lar- attempts to relate concerns with political ger Institutional context, i.e., within cap- practices, economic organization, and the italism in general or within the advanced policing of public life. It is a thought state capitalism of the United States. In provoking treatise on contemporary America. evaluating work, on the relationship between Marty Allor . content and audience. Cantor relegates critical and marxist approaches to the nether BOOK REVIEWS land, placing such work close to the elitist critiques produced by mass society theorists DEPENDENCY ROAD: COMMUNICATIONS, CAPITALISM, and far from the superior, scientific work of CC-'GCinUSITESG AliD CA T/,DA , TallaG Sii.yth^ (Nor- mass communication sociologists traditional uood, NJ- Ablex Publishinc Corp., 1980) such as Wright. Cantor clearly fails to recognize the ideology within which 'objec- The book aims: to describe the ways by mainstream approaches operate. This is tive' which Canada has developed as a dependency unfortunate as the book is an otherwise sen- of the United States; to analyze the role of sible treatment of how content is constrained the media in this dependency relationship and shaped by economic relationships. As within the capitalist core; and to chal- such, it is still superior to most text books lenge, and raise for debate, a variety of oh television. _, , Eileen Meehan.,1. propositions about Marxism and especially its application to the social relations of com- SECOND CLASS, WORKING CLASS; AN INTER- munication. NATIONAL WOMEN'S READER (Peoples Transla-

tion Service, 4228 Telegraph Ave , Oakland . This is a substantial task and ultimately is CA 94609). Cost: $3 plus .50 postage. the reason why the book seems to oscillate now and then between attention to Canada and -Women working with Peoples Translation Ser- a concern for the intricacies and evolution vice, in response to the paucity of informa- of marxist theory, which Smythe finds out- tion on women by women in the international moded and sometimes irrelevant to monopoly press that gets translated and printed in capitalism of the late 20th century. The the US, initiated this volume. A collection book occasionally turns to extensive descrip- of documents , analyses, and interviews on tions of developments in the USA, but Smythe women translated from the international press ' argues that these are not purposeless detours Class, Working Class focuses on the Second because Canada has been shaped and managed problems of working women. by American policy. FRIENDLY FASCISM; THE NEW FACE OF POWER IN A major point that Smythe makes throughout is AMERICA , (MY: ii. Evans & Co. , Bertram Gross 1980) that Canada is the most dependent of the developed countries and that, for all practi- Bertram Gross has been working on issues of cal purposes, it might as well be considered public policy, both in government service and part of the US economy. At the same time, over the last four decades. A academla, Canada also has characteristics typically central concern of both his governmental and found in underdeveloped countries. From its work has been the possibility of scholarly beginnings under British tutelage to its real economic and political democracy in the present absorption by its southern neighbor, United States. In Friendly Fascism , his Canada has grown to be a country without latest book. Gross discusses the trends he either an authentic sense of nationhood or a sees leading the United States down the road recognizable identity of its own. Only to a new form of oligarchical control. In French Canada, and particularly the separa- this age of all too facile trilateralist con- tist movement, according to Smythe, offer spiracy theories, the strength of the book possibilities for liberation from the page 10 Comnvnication Perspectives

American yoke, and he believes that a social- A connecting linl: throughout the book, how- ist mass movement there could offset demands ever, is the concept of audience- as-commodlty. for power by the francophone bourgeoisie. (This is not the place to restage a debate on this proposition. Readers are invited to The four middle chapters deal most concrete- see contributions by Smythe, Murdock, and ly with Canada, and especially its communi- Livant in Canadian Journal of Political and

cation system. Smythe demonstrates how. Social Theory , 1:3, 2:2, and 3:1.) Smythe newspapers, magazines, books, film, broad- argues that in the capitalist core, "the casting, and telecommunications have devel- mass media produce audiences and sell them oped with guidance from American interests, to advertisers of consumer goods and ser- and in many cases, direct investment and vices, political candidates, and groups in- intervention. A notable omission, though, terested in controversial public issues. is the recorded music business, which not These audiences work to market these things only forms the backbone content of radio, to themselves." In Smythe 's estimation, but also is the extension of US and British this is the primary function of media, but companies that have created an international his attention to media not supported by youth market. Clearly, the music industry advertising (film, book, recorded music) is in Canada is not an exception to the rule slight indeed. Although the concept has of foreign domination, but its degree of heuristic value, its generalization needs similarity to book publishing, in anglo- more support than the book provides. phone and francophone regions, seems to call for exploration, too. Smythe opens for debate a variety of theoretical issues. He charges that the base/ About half of the tenth chapter is devoted 'superstructure dichotomy is ahistorical and

to the concept of cultural screens : "as- unrealistic. Evidence of this, he says, "is pects of a national cultural or ideological the fact that the mass media of communica- system which serve to protect its cultural tion which Marxists tend to place in the realism against disruptive intrusion." 'superstructure,' when they notice them at This would seem to be an excellent starting all, are a principal part of the 'base.'" point for an extended discussion of how However, Smythe also posits: "In the North such screens could be developed and imple- American core area the distinction between mented in Canada. However, Smythe elects base and superstructure has disappeared." to by-pass that opportunity, and the bulk of He chides marxist scholars in the capitalist the discussion centers on policy in China core area who "continue to be fixated on the and the battle in UNESCO over the free flow need to deal with consciousness in terms of doctrine. the dichotomy between the economic base and an ideology-producing superstructure. This This example, in my estimation, points to a tendency which pervades the European scene, structural problem in the book. It is best e.g., in the work of Althusser, has some re- to see this work as a collection of essays sidual validity as applied in the real on related themes, rather than as a study world in Europe.... ^-Jhat escapes the atten- ostensibly about Canada, even though the tion of adherents of the base-superstructure introduction claims the latter. Readers paradigm is the fact of uneven development exposed to Smythe 's articles, papers, and of capital in the realm of culture and . con- talks during the last dozen or fifteen sciousness." Smythe suggests that "a criti- years will find much familiar material in cal theory of communication should begin this book, whose content is best described with recognition of how audience power is pro- by its subtitle. For example, the Blindspot c!ucjd ir. reel tine'' andthr.t ''C should avoid article has been amplified and is the basis ' t'i_ roc!-.y cliffy; of Glcvish d.;;- jnd-:ncy on of a few chapters; the sections on the poli- arc'"2?.c notions borrowed from Europe." tical nature of technology and realism in the arts grew from papers on those subjects; Theoretical advances by Marx and Engels were the Electronic Information Tiger is the made in a European context of competitive appendix; etc. In no way does this diminish capitalism, and they are outdated in today's the importance of the book, but it does cast core area of monopoly capitalism, Smythe the content into a particular organizational declares. Accordingly, a 19th century-style form. working class no longer exists in the core. , s

Cormnmication Perspectives page 11

The liberation movement, therefore, must have revolutionary process in Chile that fore- its roots in the communities of Blacks grounded the role of ideology and communica-

Chicanos, Puerto Ricans, Quebecois , and North tions in the struggle for popular power. American Indians. The women's movement has For those interested in developing alterna- potential, once it develops a realistic tive and oppositional media practices, theoretical base. there is much to be gained from Mattelart.' exposition of the problems encountered by

This book demands careful attention, not only Left forces in Chile. ,; for the forceful position it takes on issues such as technology, dependency, and the But for those interested in developing a status of Canada, but also for its call toi . revolutionary theory and practice of com- reassiess Marxist theory in the context of munications research, there are another set monopoly capitalism. Smythe provides an of contradictions apparent in this text. agenda for inquiry and debate. To be sure, I^That Mattelart 's reflections produce is not it is controversial, but ultimately it will an integrated, organized theory of the role be clarifying. The book is an important of ideology in the Chilean revolution. It contribution for teachers and students alike. is an attempt to convert the interventions of Leftist forces into the fragments of a Thomas Guback theoretical discourse. In their fragmen- tary nature, they draw on a number of MSS MEDIA. IDEOLOGIES AND THE REVOLUTIONARY sources within ma rxist theory: Lenin on the MOVEMENT , Arraand Mattelart (London: The Har- party and the press ; Mao and Brecht on the vester Press, 1980: Distributed in the USA role of Art and Literature; Lukacs on the by Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ) process of reification; and of course, Marx and Engels. This theoretical eclecticism is With one exception (a postscript written in both healthy and risky. An epistemological 1978 on the role of communications in the reading of the text then, reveals a set of transition to socialism in Mozambique) , the theoretical contradictions that are cru- material in this book discusses the role of cially important in the development of a communications in the revolutionary struggle marxist theory of the role of communications in Chile in 1970-73. The essays explore a in the social formation. Contradictions number of issues that became increasingly exist between: concepts of Culture and important to the forces of the Left in their Ideology; different conceptions of Class; attempts to utilize mass communications to different views of Art ; and of the nature of counteract the ideological hegemony of the the social formation itself. But the key ruling elites. The discussion ranges from contradiction resides in Mattelart 's use of an analysis of the structure of control of both a Utopian marxism (drawing on the the Chilean media, through the ideological German Ideology , and more analytic tradi- implications of the predominant forms of ) tions of marxist critique. An epistemo- bourgeois mass communications, to an explicit logical reading of Mass Media can offer concern with the forms of intervention taken critical communications researchers a start- in the attempt to utilize mass communications ing point for further reflection on the in the service of the revolution. kinds of theoretical and political interventions we should be making. The key theoretical term to describe the project of the book is 'contradiction.' In Marty Allor the Preface to the English language edition, Mattelart suggests that the progress of the PROBLEMS IN MATERIALISM AND CULTURE by revolution exposed a number of dichotomies Raymond Williams (London: New Left Books, that couldn't be predicted by traditional Verso, 1980) revolutionary theory. The list includes distinctions between: Popular Culture/Mass Raymond Williams is a seminal figure in the Culture: popular power/state ideological elaboration of a socialist politics of a apparatus; people/public opinion; mass party/ cultural materialism within marxist theory. mass communications; popular communications/ Most pf us are familiar with the work of class alliances; and, practice/theory. The Raynond Williams, particularly hiis full strength of the book lies in its attention length books, such as Television: Technology

to these unexpected contradictions in the and Cultural Form, The Long Revolution , '

page 12 Communication Perspectives

Culture and Society , and Marxism and Litera- This is the most comprehensive of all books ture. However, a crucial part of Williams written so far on news agencies and their work— theoretical, historical and political- activities. In it, Boyd-Barrett has made is found in his essays, essays v/h ich have an effort to review and synthesize almost been far less accessible than his books, all the scattered writings on the subject This admirable collection brings together a in addition to presenting his own data and representative selection of these essays analysis. The result is a dense reference written between 1958 and 1980. work invaluable to anyone working in the area. The book is organized into five sections. The first is a single essay, "A Hundred Boyd-Barrett takes the entirety of world Years of Culture and Anarchy." This provoca- news agency operations as his subject tive essay, first published in 1970, based matter. The ''Big Four" or the Western on a lecture given in 1969, challenges liber- Transnational News Agencies (TNAs) —AP, UPI, al appeals to reason and informed argument Reuters and AFP— are the main focus but that can act as justifications for repres- national news agencies, supplementary news sion. The second section includes some of services, telenewsfilm agencies all come Williams' most well known studies in cul- under discussion. The study covers not only tural theory: "Literature and Sociology," the distribution aspect but also production "Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural and history. He devotes a fair amount of Theory," and "Means of Communication as attention to journalistic practices and per- Means of Production." The third section conceptions; but this does not preclude him sists of essays that address the problem of from taking into account structural factors. "nature." The fourth is made up of concrete All in all, his is quite a holistic approach. studies based on the development of Williams' cultural theory. Notable among these is Boyd-Barrett' s treatment of the market and "Advertising: the Magic System," an essay of ownership and control factors is of that was to have been included in The Long special interest to the present study. He Revolution but was withdrawn to be included places considerable weight on these factors in a collection on advertising that never and appears to base most of his conclusions did get published. Sections of this essay on them. But how these variables are have been published elsewhere, but finally viewed , and what other variables are taken the entire essay is now available. The as fixed is of great significance. Ideo- fifth section is devoted to politics, speci- logical factors such as news values, defini- fically the theory and practice of cultural tion of news are taken as immutable; they revolution. Tv/o essays make up this section, are not variables in Boyd-Barrett' s equa- the well-known "Notes on Marxism in Britain tion; their interdependence with market and Since 1945," and the newest in the collec- ownership factors is ignored. This, com- tion, "Beyond Actually Existing Socialism." bined with a static, conservative (he might describe it as pragmatic) outlook leads This collection is invaluable, both for Boyd-Barrett to conclusions that reaffirm those who are familiar with Williams and for and even reinforce the status quo. those who are not. For those of us who have followed the development of Williams' work, Boyd-Barrett 's work can be subjected to this collection makes readily available some detailed criticism on a point-by-point basis. of his more significant essays as well as But the problem is not in his treatment of ones more difficult to obtain. For those details, it is in his outlook, his approach. who are unfamiliar with Williams' essays, The basic, defining question he asks is "why this collection is an extremely thoughtful are things the way they are?" The vision and representative collection that can pro- is static, and the conclusions, by defini- vide entree to crucial aspects of Williams' tion, bound to be conservative. If instead theory and practice. the same choice of subject matter, view of the whole and attention to detail is matched Jennifer Daryl Slack by the critical question , "why and how do things change?", much could be achieved. THE INTERNATIONAL NEWS AGENCIES by Oliver The market the news agencies operate in can Boyd-Barrett (London/Beverly Hills, CA: be understood as historically developed and Constable/Sage, 1980) Communication Perspectives page 23

subject to further development. Interac- as the family, the educational system, and tions between "ideological" and economic the mass media to accept their deprivation factors can be seen both historically (de- as natural, just, and their o\ra fault. mystifying sacred idols such as "profession- Freeman links this false consciousness to

alism") , and in the form of potential agents racism, sexism, alienation, and political of change. The structural Injustices and conservatism— the tools used by capitalists inequalities of the present system perceived to keep workers divided and socialism at not as deficiencies that have to be lived bay. If the strength of this book lies in with, but as the very levers of change needed its grir., accurate portrait of the economic to radically transform it. and social deprivation that is capitalism, then its weakness lies in the assumption Boyd-Barrett's effort to synthesize earlier of a simple, reflective relationship be- writings and available data on news agencies tween economics and consciousness as well and news flows deserves praise, but not un- as the lack of serious discussion of communi- qualified praise. The material he draws on cation. Yet, Freeman locates the possibili- comes from a great variety of theoretical ty of socialist revolution iiot in the inter- and methodological approaches. In addition, nal, structural contradictions of capitalisms news agencies and news flow is a field where but in the consciousness of the oppressed: there is a great deal of political polariza- "If masses of people begin to reflect on

tion and this affects the compatibility of these events. . .which provide fortunes for a lot of the available research. As he him- a few and misfortunes for many, and for self notes, (1) the little data that ars avail- which grown men can give no sensible jus- able on the TNAs are difficult to interpret tification, it may be the moment of danger- and even more difficult to use for compara- ous truth for American capitalism." How tive purposes. In my opinion not enough one travels from individual reflection to care has been taken in regard to these collective action is unclear; Freeman questions. However, this does not detract asserts that no blueprint for either transi- from the book's usefulness as a research tion to or implementation of socialism in resource. the US is possible. Hot^ever, he identifies the major failing in the American left as (^^Boyd-Barrett, "A Four-Point Plan for the ideological fragmentation and urges that News Agencies," Intermedia , Vol. 8. No. 5 left parties negotiate their differences (September 8-11. 1980) pp. in order to concentrate on building support Rohan Samarajiwa among v/orkers, on allying with black and Simon Eraser University women's movements, and finally on drawing up practical plans for both transition to While TOV/ARD SOCIALISM IN AMERICA , Harold Freeman and for creation of a socialist US. (Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co., his discussion of the Soviet and Chinese 1980) situations hints at the importance of communication, whether through newspapers such Despite his warning that "this book is based as Iskra or through interpersonal organizing on numbers," Freeman has produced a lucid contacts such as Lenin's speeches or Mao's and compelling account of the environmental code of conduct for the Chinese Red Array, and human costs of capitalism in the US, the problem posed by a highly integrated balanced by brief but equally critical des- mass media system— a system to which Freeman criptions of the American left and of social- grants tremendous power in creating and ism in the USSR and China— all written with a shaping needs , wants , and beliefs in the general audience in mind. The first half of service of capitalism— goes unmentioned. the book examines how American capitalism's Indeed, the first part of the book may well pursiiit of the immensely profitable war/ lead one to conclude that no hope for pollution industries have endangered the socialism exists in the face of such an social, ecological, and economic health of all-powerful, all-controlling system as that country. Characterizing the central capitalism. Yet, Freeman finds hope in the dictum of capitalism as the drive of the few possibility that "American blacks and women to control the most regardless of the many. with substantial mass support but with a Freeman suggests that the many are essen- narrow social philosophy ' will gain greater tially brainwashed through such institutions support, thereby developing a need for page 14 Cormuniaation Perspectives

OPENING unity with a movement having a broad social PCSITIOI!/ philosophy, with American socialists. Free- SUITDERLAND POLlfTECHNIC DEPARTMENT OF LAN- seek- man cautions that Americans may not be GUAGES AND CULTURES, Principal Lecturer, ing to move tOT^ards socialism but rather away Communication Studios from capitalism, that is, ±i^ such a move ever for the post of occurs. And for this movement to occur, one Applications art; "inVited course leader of BA Com. Studies, a degree m- st rely upon people's reflections upon the unjustifiable inequities of capitalism, but now in its fifth year and soon to be re-sub- appointed would how the consciousness of the masses in gen- mitted to CNAA. The person leadership of this eral, and the more oppressed minorities in provide overall academic degree and particular, can be liberated from the per- innovative and interdisciplinary core- group of Com. nicious and powerful consciousness would also be head of the industries/institutions remains undiscussed. Studies staff within the Dept. of Languages

. This group currently covers If one accepts Freeman's analysis as essen- and Cultures com, 5 film, cultural studies, radio; and tially correct, this question becomes central mass videp work. Applicants with interests in any Eileen Meehan of these areas, or in literary or in linguis- tic aspects of Xom. Studies vTOuld be eligible, PEOPLE ON THE MOVE but so would those from different disciplinary looked for is a strong Fred Fejes, of the CP Editorial Board, for- backgrounds. J'Jhat is Studies and an ability to merly of the Dept. of Communications and commitment to .Com. undergrad. and postgrad, study in this Theatre at the Univ. of Illinois at Chicago lead Address applications to: E. W. L. Circle, is currently Assistant Professor in field. Head of Dept. of Languages and Cul- the Speech Communication Theatre and Jour- Hughes, tures, Sunderland Polytechnic, Forster Bldg., nalism Dept.,, 585 J-Ianoogian Hall, Wayne Road, Sunderland SRI 3SD England. State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202. Chester

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OCTOBER 1981. VOL. IV, NO. 2 .

CURRENT EVENTS '';' change in program schedules, the prbcess of innovation, the establishment of an RESEARCH PROJECT ON TELEVISION INTERNATIONAL industrial system for TV broadcasting, ANNOUNCED the changing status of workers in the hosted a meeting, September 14-15 in UNESCO industry, the role of ratings, TV's rela- Paris, to help organize a comparative re-- tion to other media, global program ex- seareh project entitled "Television as a change, and an economic analysis of the Cultural Industry." The prospectus was de- medium's financial base. ' veloped by Paul Beaud, Patrice Flichy, and Monique Sauvage, under the auspices of The meeting at UNESCO headquarters estab- France's Institut National de I'Audiovisuel. lished common frames of reference for the project, systematized research procedures, In addition to the French team, participants and allocated tasks among participants. in the cross-cultural research are Nicholas

Garnham (UK); Silvia Molina and Carola ^, .^ Thomas Guback

Garcia (Mexico) ; Alfred Opubor (Nigeria) and Thomas Guback (USA) NEW FCC CHATRMAN CALLS FOR "RADICAL THINK ING '' The study intends to trace, through national Given that the word 'radical' is synony- examples, the development of TV and its evo- mous with leftist for most Americans, it laition into a cultural industry. Specific was startling indeed to find the new components of the project involve historical chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, Mark Fowler, calling for "radical thinking" about the broadcasting COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES system in that country.' Unfortunately, Editorial Board: Fowler is a purist in his use of the word Marty Allor Fred Fejes as radical, despite its leftist connota- Thomas Guback (Wayne State U.) tions, refers to any change that is fun- Eileen Meehan Jennifer Slack damental, drastic, or extreme. And the (U. of Michigan) changes proposed by Fowler's FCC are apt- ly described as radical, e.g.: eliminate Issue Editor: Eileen Meehan anti7trust provisions in the Communica- tion^ Act.;, ^deregulate radio; deregulate

E d'i'to rial A s s d c i ate s ; " television,; ' rescind the, FCC regulations Janet Wasko ' Mike Niels-^ -' '' ' that prohibit ownership of cable systems (Temple U.)' Denis Gosselln' by television networks; repeal the Fair- Robin Kyle Nichols Carla Heath ness Doctrine and equal time provisions (San Diego) Tom Streeter ' as well as the reasonable access rule for R:6bert'a Astroff Sara Douglas political candidates; lessen restrictions on financial involvements^ in communica- Please send all correspondence to: tion-related companies by' commissioners ^ COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES ' f ...... and commission employees j elitnltiate pro- Ih'stitJute of Communications Reseaireh .'•SI visions that require comparative licen.se

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Yearly subscription: US, $;^; foreign s^r,-. civil' cases without reference to the face mail, $3 or 4 international Postage Justice Department or* the Attothey Gen- Reply Coupons, or $5 for air mail. We do eral; allow parties wfe appeal FCC deci- £2£_h§ve_billing_facilities^ sions to do so in their local judicial "

page 2 Corrmunication Perepeativea

district. This last would, according to the and forecasting for foreign business enter- FCC, reduce "the importance of the DC cir- prises is a maturing art, it rarely Includes cuit's role In the Interpretation of communi- orderly political analysis. Major business cations law." Significantly, the justices of decisions concerning political risk are usu- that circuit are generally more liberal ally b^.oed on unorganized opinion gathering thofl justices in local judicial and speculation. Frequently the press fo- districts. The only commissioner to dissent, cuses on dramatic events rather than the Joe Fogarty, has charged that the FCC pro- changes of most significance to business. posal emphasizes the importance of the mar- Existing international newsletters are ketplace at the expense of the consumer. Al- limited geographically and do not forecast though it remains to be seen how much of the political risk probabilities. FCC's plan will be enacted by Congress, these proposals suggest that the commission will "The full WPRF service costs $1,900 per year , become even more subservient to corporate in- (emphasis theirs, ed.)....The eight page F&S terests than it was during previous admini- Political Risk Letter of the 64 countries in strations. WPRF contains both 18-month and five-year fore- Eileen Meehan casts of political risk. The 18-month forecast Includes the probability of regime FIRM OFFERS "WOEILD POLITICAL RISIC FORECASTS" change, political turmoil, equity restrictions The £P Board, as part of its continuing and repatriation restrictions. For each efforts to monitor the activities of multi- country a 'Political Risk Summary' (PRS) in- national business, has discovered a research dicates the potential losses from these four program we felt would be of interest to our political risks by providing a scale for readers. To Whit: Frost & Sullivan, a pub- evaluating countries in which an investment lisher of market research and company and in- exists or is contemplated. The five-year dustry reports, has recently circulated a forecast is an estimate of the degree to description of its "World Political Risk which socio-economic conditions, factional Forecasts." The following are excerpts from activity, political activity and government that circular. actions contribute to political risk. These longer term risks are summarized in a 'Pro- "Frost & Sullivan offers political risk bability of Major Loss' (PML) number for appraisal services that assist executives and each country. The world summary also con- analysts In initiating, protecting or enlarg- tains an analysis of world trends and a sum- ing their investments in 64 countries. The mary of the forecast changes made during the basic service, called 'World Political Risk month .

Forecasts' (WPRF) , has 64 country reports and is contained in four large looseleaf binders. Heading Frost & Sullivan's team of forecas- Updates are issued monthly and include filing ters are William D. Coplin and Michael K. instructions, new forecasts on five or more O'Leary, both professors of Political Science countries, update pages on the entire 64 at the Maxwell School of Citizenship, Syra- countries, a new world summary called the cuse University. The F&S circular states 'F&S Political Risk Letter' designed for that Coplin and O'Leary developed this fore- quick reference to all 64 countries, and casting technique and used it in 1972 to notes on user applications. The service is predict the outcome of bargaining between based on the analyses and forecasts of 210 North and South Korea. The US Department of independent political analysts, businessmen, State funded that forecast and the results government officials, political scientists, were published in book form ( Quantitative and other country specialists and is used by Techniques in Foreign Policy Analysis and over 400 multinational corporations and finan- Forecasting ) . Although the circular does cial institutions throughout the world. not specify It, presumably the Coplin and O'Leary forecast was accurate as they were "Political change and turmoil have often later called upon to evaluate the Central caught business by surprise. Traditional in- Intelligence Agency's methods of forecasting formation sources sometimes provide political political risk (1974). Coplin and O'Leary's Information that Is costly, deficient, and most recent venture, according to the • frequently biased. While economic analysis announcement, was a forecast of decisions to . —

Communication Perspectives page 3 be taken at the last World Administrative COURSE OUTLINE EXCHANGE Conference for the US delegation. The Radio In past issues of CP, we have asked those of developed by these two professors approach our readers who have taught or are teaching been applied to business since 1975. In has courses devoted to a critical examination of of FiiS's use of Coplin and O'Leary, praise some area or issue of communication studies the announcement cites the Wall Street Jour- (e.g., communication and culture, mass media nal , which suggests that the service is rela- and society, political economy of communica- tively inexpensive. Business Insurance , which tion, etc.) to send us a copy of their course finds the WRF useful. Dun's Review , which outline and reading. list. Hopefully, this praises the VJPRF for its "daring precision," will facilitate the exchange of information and Fortune Magazine , which finds a striking among critical communication researchers and resemblance between the Fortune 500 and the teachers. The following summaries are based WPRF list of clients. on the outlines received in response to our request. For a copy of an outline, please The WPRF covers Western Europe and Yugoslavia. write directly to the respondent. We would In Asia and the Pacific region, such nations like to thank those who have sent their out- as China, India, Japan, Philippines, South lines and invite others to do so. Korea and Taiwan are of interest. Among the countries scrutinized in Africa and the Mid- CPITICISM OF ^P.O/iDCASTING (Communication, dle East are Iran, Israel, Kenya, Saudi Ara- Hunter College, City University of New York). bia, South Africa, Zaire, Zambia, and Zim- 1) A Systems Approach to Criticism of Broad- babwe. Finally, in the Americas, the WPRF casting; 2) Environment of Broadcasting Sys- included forecasts of Argentina, Brazil, tem; 3) Criticism of the System Structure; Canada, Chile, Costa Rico, El Salvador, and 4) Criticism of System "Performance; 5) Criti- the United States among others. cism of Outcomes; 6) Alternate Futures. Kusum Singh, Apt. 2B, 180 Thompson St., New The full WPRF is now being offered to new York, NY 10012, USA, subscribers for a three month period for $500. For information, contact: Frost & Sullivan, POLICY ISSUES III IMTERNATIOMAL COilMUNICATIOI! Fulton St., New York, NY Department RE-3, 106 (Communication, Hunter College, City Univer- 10038, USA. So much for the separation sity of New York) . 1) Basic Issues and Con- between academic, the state, and the corporate cepts; 2) Larger Issues in International sector. Communication; 3) The Changing Framework for International Communication Issues; 4) Mes- AHENTION CP READERS sage Flows in Today's World; 5) Current Con- The Red Feather Institute has compiled a set flicts on World Communication Issues. Kusum of papers on the study of mass media by cul^ Singh (see above) tural marxists in Great Britain. The work of Nicholas Garnham in London, Golding and Mur- THE COMMUIIICATION REVOLUTION (New School of dock in Leicester, and the Birmingham School Social Research) . "Writers like Murray are represented. Also included is work by Bookchin and E. F. Schumacher have cast im- the Glasgow Media Group. T. R. Young has portant light on decentralized democratic written an introduction to cultural marxism socialistic futures. Little, however, is for the set. RFI offers this set of .papers understood about moving toward and coordi- free to subscribers of Communication Perspec- nating large-scale interaction among small pro- tives . To request a copy of the set, write self-reliant communities. This course to The Red Feather Institute, Livermore, CO poses an information flow perspective as the 80536 USA. best means to begin to confront the awesome ft********************** challenge of developing a practical theory of decentralization. The concept of infor- The Editorial Board of Communication Perspec- mation is riding the crest of revolutionary tives would like to thank Jane Larkin and new waves in science, philosophy and tech- Martin Koosed for translating letters and nology. These waves potentially converge on announcements relevant to this issue. the most extraordinary change in history a revolution in citizen ability to monitor an< —

..page 4 Comnruniaation Perspectives

communicate in political, economic end indus- PEOPLE ON THE MOVE trial decisionnir.king from local to j^lobnl le- Vincent Mosco has joined the Department of vels. Such r. citizen comnunicatioa revolution Radio-TV-Film in the School of Communica- would fulfill the most humane hopes of the tion at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA computer-based Second Industrial Revolution," 19122 USA. Michael McCullough, 90 E. 7th St., Apt. //3A, New York, New York 10O09, USA. Both Haluk Sahlin and Rudy Strobl have left Cleveiarid State University for positions in PERSUASION :j?D THTv POPULAR /JITS: /JIF^RICAN the east. Haluk has accepted a position in : SOCIETY AND YOUTH CULTURE SINCE WORLD "^ JAR II the College of Journalism at the University (Speech Communication, University of Illinois). of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. This course explores "what rock and roll does Rudy has joined the faculty in the Dept. of in our culture, both as music and as a sym- Communication, University of Hartford, 200 bol, how the music changes our response to Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, the world, how the music has changed the USA. world, and what the music tells us about society." Selected course outline headings: Jorge Reina Schement has moved west to the From Tin Pan Alley to "The Devil's Work"; Annenberg School of Communication, Univer- Culture, Subcultures, and Ideology; Ideology sity of Southern California, University and Rebellion; Conflicts and Contradictions Park, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. within Youth Subcultures; Periodization and Cooptation; The Fifties—A Time of Compla- CALL FOR PAPERS cency?; The Emergence of Rock and Roll and the Teenager; The Teenager as Consumer— The The Journal of Broadcasting has announced Ascent of Teenage Music and the Decline of that its Summer 1982 volume will be entire- Rock and Roll; Teenagers vs. Youth; Folk ly dedicated to qualitative research. Fol- Music and Protest; The Sixties—An Era of lowing the Journal's usual divisions of Contradictions; The British Invasion; The "Research Articles," "Research in Brief," Counterculture and Rock and Roll- -J^olitiGS and "Review and Criticism," the Journal Lifestyle, and Experimentation; The Seven- will consider longer articles (10-20 pages) ties —The "Me Decade" and the Growth of Cyni- presenting original research, shorter (4-6 cism; Money Changes Everything—The Profes- pages) pieces explicating important points sionalizatJon of Rock and Roll; The Eighties or presenting original research, and review Responding to Our Own History; New Wave; Ima- essays on books dealing with either media gination Dead Imagine— Towards a Post-Cynical criticism or criticism in general. The Community. Lawrence Grossberg, University of focus is on presentation of findings, data, Illinois, Department of Speech Communication, insights, and original research rather than 244 Lincoln Hall, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. on critiques of other research traditions, calls for new forms of research, or de- NEW USES OF COMMUNICATION IN DEVELOPMENT fenses of methodological approaches. The (Broadcast Communication Arts, San Francisco deadline for submission of manuscripts is State University). 1) T^at Is Communication? March, 1982. However, to facilitate the I-That Is Development? What Is Development process of blind reviewing and revising Communication?; 2) Rural Radio; 3) Socialist manuscripts, articles and reviews should be Media for Political Development; 4) Tradi- submitted as soon as possible. Research tional and Small Media; 5) Teleconferencing; articles and briefs should be sent to: 6) Satellite for Rural Telecommunications; Thomas A. McCain, Editor, Journal of Broad- 7) Communication and Development in Light of casting , Department of Communication, 205 the New International Information Order. Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, The Ohio "There are many readings on critical theory State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. and an extensive bibliography on all of these Reviews should be submitted to the review subjects. I would be happy to send it to any editor: David R. Sirota, School of the CP reader who sends me a SASE for 69c." Arts, Institute of Film and Television, New Howard Frederick, 4545 Connecticut Ave. NW, York University, 65 South Building, New Apt. 510, Washington DC 20008, USA. York, NY 10003, USA. , .

Communiaation Perspectives page 5

MEU AND CURRENT JOURNALS sis, semiology, and discourse analysis." Their focus since then has been on a simul- CinemAction is a French-language publication taneous critique of both marxism and the that was started in 1978 as special numbers contemporary discourses of the human of film periodicals. Beginning with existing sciences in France. They have published issue it assumed its own identity as a 8, articles and interviews with Michel quarterly. During 1980 and 1981, issues Foucault, Luce Irigaray, Gilles Deleuze and ranged from about 160 to over 300 pages. Felix Gauttari, and Jacques Donzelot. More importantly, they have taken their devel- The periodical is directed to traditional oped theoretical position on power, know- cinephiles as well as to readers interested ledge and ideology and applied it to a cri- in political and cultural developments. Each tique of social institutions: psychiatry, issue addresses a specific theme: prisons, the state, the family, and educa- 8: The Cinema of Emigrants tion. ; 9: Feminist Cinema 10-11: Avant-garde Cinema I&C is published by a workers' collective; 12 French Regional Cinema a supporting suljscription is 10 British 13 Money and Power in French Cinema pounds a year. Regular subscriptions (2 14 Cinema in North Africa issues) are 2.80 pounds, 4.00 overseas 15 Cinema and Homosexuality

surface (6.50 air). 'To subscribe contact: . 16 Video in the 1980s Graham Burchell, I&C , Westminster College, A number on American film is in preparation. North Hinksey, Oxford, OX 2 9AT, England.

Price is 30F ($6) per issue, and ASF for PUBLICATIONS TO MOTE double numbers. Editorial address: Hennebelle-Martineau, 106 Blvd. St. Denis, Media Development has devoted a special 92400 Courbevoie, France. issue to the New International Information Order (vol. XXVII, 4/1980). Among the Chasqui is a journal from CIESPAL (Centro fourteen articles are pieces by Cees Hame- Internacional de Estudios Superiores de link ("The NIIO: The Recognition of Many Communicacion para America Latina) in Quito Different Worlds"), Breda Pavlic ("NIIO primarily designed for those involved in com- and National Communifcation Policies") munications research and journalists in Latin Kaarle Nord^nStreng ("A Call for More .Demo- America. One of the goals of Chasqui is the cratic Structiites in Communication"), democratization of systems of communication. Herbert Schiller ("Will Advanced Communica- Forthcoming issues will examine new develop- tion tethntilogy Create A New Order?"), ments in the field of communications and Raquel Salinas-Bascur (Alternativas en their for change. practical application social America Latina") , and Juan Somavia (Perspec- Other topics discussed will technological be tivas del Informa MacBride") . Also in- innovations and pedagogical theory. It will cluded is an annotated bibliography on the also serve as a source of ' information on NIIO by Colleen Roach. For information important colloquia, new books, and on-going regarding copies , write to Media Develop- research. For information contact: Jose ment , World Association for Christian Steinsleger, Editor-Asesor, CIESPAL, Almagro Communication, 122 King's Road, London SW3 y Andrade Marin, Apartado 6064 CCI, Quito, 4TR, England. Ecuador. The first NORDICOM Review of Mass Communi- I&C (formerly Ideology and Consciousness ) cation Research has been issued by the Since the spring of 1977, I&C has been Nordic Documentation Center for Mass Com- engaged in an attempt to develop marxist munication Research. This bi-annual review theories of ideology. Their initial purpose, is based on the Center's newsletter NORDI- stated in 1977, was to ''...examine the cur- COM-Information and is designed to inform rent state of marxist theories of ideology researchers buifeside the Nordic countries and their relationship to current work in about mass cotnmunication research in Den- the human sciences : psychology, psychoanaly- mark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden as well' . — "

page 6 Communiaation Perspectives

as promoting contacts between Nordic and experimental stage— EXERN (Educational Ex- non-Nordic researchers. The first issue fea- periment in Rio Grande do K-rte) —was to tures articles by Mogens Schmidt and Preben demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of media- Sepstrup on Danish research, Perttl Hemanus based and satellite provided education. The and Kaarle Nordenstreng on Finnish research, authors follow the evolution of the ori- Anita Werner on Norwegian research, and Olof ginal plan, based on the 19!:7 Stanford Uni- Hulten and Lennart Weibull on Swedish re- versity ASCEND Report (Advanced System of search. Also featured are abstracts of Communications and Education in National recent dissertations, descriptions of cur- Development), and analyze the benefits, rent projects, and information on conferen- costs, and lessons learned. Long- terror

ces , course outlines , and articles . For a effects of SACI on the Rio Grande do Norte free subscription, contact: NORDICOM, De- region of Brazil are positive arid evident: piartment of Political Science, University at a new educational technology network, a Gbteborg, Storgatan 13, S-411 24 Goteborg, University educational television station, Sweden and a new graduate program in educational technology. However, rather than satellite

J. i Clement Jones . "The Image Reflected by transmission, terrestrial microwave was Mass Media: Stereotypes," News Media and used, and the Brazilian government has

Race , International Commission for the Study decided to acquire a satellite primarily of Communication Problems: UNESCO 1981. for telecommunications and commercial appli- This pamphlet is a supplement to two detailed cations. The authors state: "the EXERN/ UNESCO studies "Race as News" (1974) and SACI project represents an important devel-

"Ethnicity and the Media" (1977) . It exa- opment and an accumulated body of knowledge mines the mass media's role in the growth of and experience of considerable merit" in racism In the United Kingdom which has accom- the fields of tele-education and communica- panied the massive Influx of Immigrants tion planning. especially Asians and West Indians— In the last two decades. Briefly, Jones' argument "The Image Reflected by Mass Media: Stereo- is that in assuming a gate keeper rather types; Images of Women," Margaret Gallagher, than an advocacy role, the British mass media International Commission for the S^ ly of have failed to provide the information the Communication Problems, UtlESCO. In an typically insular British public has needed attempt to show that aspscts of t^c ;^''''-'. '_ in order to appreciate the depth and strength portrayal of women transcend cultural and of cultural traits that distinguish the immi- class boundaries, Gallagher ez?nlner< grant groups. Arid, in permitting race/color approximately 80 studies on the Images of to become "news," the media have lent sup- women presented in magazine'-,, newspapers, _.port to a desire of many in positions of television programs, radio shows, etc. Most authority to somehow remove "race" from the of the research concentrates on analyzing intrinsic problems of British society and to media content. Although the research covers make it appear an "imposed, external problem." Latin America, the Caribbean, North America, As a corrective measure, Jones calls on the Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and media to take positive action to provide Australia, most of the work originates in multi-cultural information which will edu- North America and Western Europe. Also, cate the indigenous population about their as Gallagher notes, the studies are not new neighbors. directly comparable as both the quality of the work and the methodologies used vary. •^The SACI/EXERN Project in Brazil: An Ana- Underlying much of the research is a two- lytical Case Study" by Emile G. McAnany and fold concern: the messages about and impf Joao Batista A. Ollvelra. (UNESCO Reports of women may well be biased and the media, and Papers on Mass Communication No. 89, as a cultural force, do not simply reflect

1980) . This report is an analysis of com- but subtly and Indirectly help to shape munication planning and tele-education. SACI social reality. By consistently depicting (Advanced System of Interdisciplinary Com- women in stereotyped roles, the media work munications) was intended to be a nation-wide against the potentially transforming effects satellite-based, tele-education system, whose of encounters with deviations from stereo- Comnmniaation PerspeoHves page 7

NTFPB types. In this wr.y the r^^dij?.,^ r\r e neither ming will undoubtedly deteriorate. neutral nor conservative, but rather reac- urges that persons write their Congressper- tionary. In conclusion, Gallagher states s&nsas wel,l as Ronald Reagan 0»Jhite House, Goldwater that the ability of the media to promote Washington, DC 20500) , Barry ' social change depends "on the range of (Chairman, Subcommittee on Communications, socio-economic and political policies pre- US Senate, Washington, DC 20510), and Timo- '-• vailing in the society in which the media thy Wirth (Chairman, Subcommittee on Com- " exist" and that the roles that the media munications, US Senate, Washington, DC play in socialization are set within speci- 20515) . For more information or to contri- fic cultural contexts. Documentation shows, bute, write: NTFPB, 7695 Crest Ave., Oak- however, that despite significant exceptions, land, CA 94605, USA. -""-there is a remarkable consistency in the dominant images of women. The Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers (AIVF) and the Foundation for CURRENT PROJECTS Independent Film (FIVF) "provides independent producers with the technical informa- Latinoamericana de Estudlos The Instituto tion, trade representation and direct ser- announced the for- Transnaclonales (ILET) has vices that they need to stay in business." of a new Division of Alternative mation AIVF is a non-profit trade association that complement to the Development Projects as a promotes independent video and film as well of Communication and of Economic Divisions as providing national representation for in- will emphasize Studies. The new division dependent producers in various public fora, with grass-roots organiza- action projects e.g., before Congressional hearings, on the tions to counter the impact of the trans- American Film Institute's Board of Trustees, national development model on Latin America. on the Transponder Allocation Committee of ~.' Fernando Reyes Matta has been named director Public Broadcasting System, in the Media of the new division. Succeeding him as Alliance, etc. The FIVF administers pro- Rafael Roncag- director of Communication is grams and projects of concern to independent finalized an agree- liolo. Also, ILET has producers and to the general public. Member- Humanismo Cris- ment with the Acadsmia de ship is open to anyone interested in indepen- allow tlano of Santiago, Chile, which will dent film or video and includes a subscrip- ILET to establish a research team and pro- tion to The Independent , a trade monthly. gram in Chile. For more information, write: The yearly membership fee is $25 for individ- D.F. ILET, Apartado 85-025, Mexico 20 uals, $50 for organizations/institutions. For information, write to: 625 Broadway, Media: The Institute for Public Interest 9th Floor, New York, NY 10012, USA. National Task Force for Public Broadcasting is organizing a campaign against legislation Filmmaker's Showcase is a unique series of that would "transform public broadcasting videotapes produced by western Canadian "^ as we know it into a federally-subsidized filmmakers such as Rimmer, Martin, Lipskis, "2'' competitor for commercial profits." The apd others. The tap e§, are designed to illus- ^' (8-720 and HR-3238) prbp'osed legislation trate the individual approaches of these the ex- would: 1) increase the amount and filmmakers to their work through a mixture tele- plicit nature of advertising on public of interviews, monologues, and film excerpts. facili- vision; 2) allow publicly-financed For pamphlets on the artists and the con- oper- ties from studios to satellites to be tents of each 3/4 inch tape, send $2 to: ated for profit; and 3) allow corporate Canadian Filmmakers' Distribution Centre, cross-subsidy schemes in which for-profit 525 West Pender Street, Vancouver, B.C. partnerships and commercial enterprises V6B 1V5, Canada. could make private capital out of federal funds, charitable contributions, and other BOOKS TO NOTE revenues—while enjoying the tax breaks and other privileges reserved for public, sup- The Development of Communications Policies posedly non-profit, broadcasters. If public under the Peruvian Military Government (V. Klingen- stations compete with commercial stations (1968-1980) , Sergio Mattos for advertising, the NTFPB argues, program- smith Independent Publisher, San Antonio, TX, page 8 Communication Perspectives

1981) . This monograph discusses the develop- nature of the mass media was not changed.

, ment of mass media policies by the military However, for the first time: a guiding

: government in the context of the ideology of policy and administrative structure were the 1968 revolution and the history of Peru- established for the communications sector; vian media. It examines the efforts of the the amount of broadcast time devoted to ad-

. military to create its own mass media com- vertising was reduced; concentration of munication model, which Mattos considers "an ownership of the media was reduced; and the effort toward a new information order." right to ownership was limited to the Peru- vian-born. The media was taken out of the •:The military coup in 1968 was dedicated to hands of the internationalized elite (for a national development, independence, and social while, at least) and telecommunications ser- change. Educated in sociology and economics, vices were nationalized, creating a national its leaders blamed the oligarchy for Peru's system. poverty and dependence on foreign industry, and they set out to transform the Peruvian Mattos calls for further study on popular economy. Under the direction of General participation in the ownership and co-

Velasco Alvarado , the military government management of newspapers in this period and sought to promote social participation and on the economic aspects of changes in the solidarity while rejecting all forms of ex- media. He also states the need for deter- ploitation, domination, and oligarchy. mining whether any of the changes in the media have proven permanent, despite the In contrast to the media policies of Allende's reversion of the media to the private sector. government in Chile, newspapers and major Roberta Astroff ownership shares in broadcasting belonging to the oligarchy were expropriated. News- Media Made in California: Hollywood, Poli- papers were turned over to rural, profes- tics, and the News Jeremy Tuns tall and sional, cultural, governmental, educational, , David Walker (Oxford: Oxford U. service, and workers' organizations. A Press, 1981) The subtitle of this book suggests that it national news service was also established. offers a systematic analysis of the .inter- The New Telecommunications Law served to re- relationships between these three domains; organize the economic structure of the tele- unfortunately, it doesn't. Instead,, it vision industry and to regulate its content, offers a general overview of a number of with the intent of using all "telecommunica- issues involved in a consideration of "Media tions services as a tool for promoting social California," with very little focus on ques- and economic development."

tions of causation and determination. , The issues discussed range from the relationship In 1975, however, when Velasco Alvarado was of California's geography to the development replaced by General Morales Bermudez, the of the film and television industries, way was paved for the return of the media to through anecdotal and secondary accounts of private hands, supposedly because "the popu- the interpersonal structure of power in the lar organizations were not ready to accept entertainment industry, to descriptions of their responsibility." the relationships between California news and politics, and finally to political eco- In his conclusion, Mattos lists some of the nomic analyses of industry trade practices. failures and successes of the military's communication policies. As he repeatedly states, As an overview, it is perhaps more useful to these policies reflect the changes that took non-American audiences ; much of what they place in Peruvian society as a whole. For explain is common knowledge to critical various reasons, not the least being the top- researchers in the US (i.e. Charles Manson's down nature of change, the military's com- identity or the extent of interpenetration munication policies failed to: keep the between the film, television, and recording press in the hands of organizations represen- industries) . But the chapters that do go tative of the restructured Peruvian society; into some detail on business practices offer attain an authentically free press ; and de- a range of up-to-date data on entertainment dentraiize broadcasting. The capitalist industry trade practices. Communication 'Perspectives page 9

The book jacket quotes Gene Reynolds (execu- information abundance and, consequently, tive producer of the television series Lou economic, personal, and societal growth. Grant) to the effect that Tunstall and Wal- To those who dream Herbert Schiller poses

ker's foreign perspective leads them to some the simple question: Who Knows . The especially perceptive insights. That is true result is a book that unmasks the destruc- at the level of asking questions; but, unfor- tive reality behind these fantasies and tunately, they never penetrate beneath the maps the conflicting forces, in the political surface of the "California" they discuss. economy of information. Marty Allor Schiller begins by demystifying the cher- ished litany of those who dream for the Business and the Media , Craig E. Aronoff, Fortune 500 . "Information revolution," •ed. (Goodyear Publishing Co., Inc., Santa "comparative advantage," "free, flow," "de- Monica, CA, 1979). In 1977, Aronoff organ- regulation" are euphepiisms for deepening ized a symposium on the relationship between global capitalist hegemony in the workplace business and media under the auspices of the and marketplace,, in ; living room and board Chair of Private Enterprise in the College room. But successful as is this opening of Business Administration at Georgia State attack. Who Knows is far more than the cri- University. Presumably, the symposium was tique of ideology. It is a thoroughgoing timely and interesting. In this collection materialist analysis of the infrastructure, of twenty- three essays, the symposium's par- content, and social relations .of the con- ticipants have expanded on their presenta- temporary information order. tions, according to Aronoff, in order to demonstrate the diversity within and between Schiller's discussion of the information positions taken by business, media, labor, itif rastructure focuses on the twin pillars academia, and public relations. As such, of information processing and. distribution: the collection is neither timely nor inter- the computer and communications; satellite. esting. The essays are cliche ridden, Of particular interest here 1$. Schiller's plagued by oversimplification, and remark- empirical evidence on the global distribu- ably devoid of insight. Surely, even the tion of control over the mainframe computer, most naive reader would not be amazed by the semiconductor, and data-base industries. information that newspapers are businesses; The world's largest transnational corpora- yet, this is clearly one of the collection's tions, primarily US based, have concen- major points. However, should one be lulled trated their control cv2r this vital base by the barrage of bromides in the essays, of the information iufrastruc,ture. As a one could easily absorb the basic message result, banks (Citibank) and. oil companies that underlies the entire collection—capi- (Exxon) , in addition to traditional manu- talism works, capitalism IS freedom, don't facturers (IBM) and communications companies rock the boat. Undoubtedly, the volume will (AT&T, RCA), are rapidly taking control of find its way into communication courses as global networks that produce and distribute an excellent exemplar of subliminal adver- information. tising.

J-- ! Eileen Meehan , Control over this information goes hand in hand with vrhat Schiller calls the "privati- BOOK REVIEWS zation of information." Here Schiller reveals the corporate assault on public !fflO KMOWS: INFORM^\TIffl^ IN TUB AGE OF THE information production and distribution. FORTUHC 500 , Herbert I. Schiller (Norwood, This is part of a widaspread corporate NJ: Ablex, 1981) effort to transform information fully into Over the past few decades dreamers of a Uto- a profitable commodity. As a result, infor- pian post- industrial information society mation that governmentG and other public have sung the praises of computers, communi- bodies once made available to libraries, cations satellites, and sophisticated video universities, etc., as a free or subsidized devices. These technologies would create social good (after intense public pressure) . . page 10 Coimunioation Perspectives

is now assigned a price in the corporate- technologies on social organization, econo- : dominated marketplace. The question Who nics and politics. Sorely lacking have been Knows is answered by l^o Can Pay. Schil- explorations of the ways in which patterns ler's analysis ranges vrldely to establish this of domination, control and property rights critical point, encompassing the US library are an integral part of the Information re- system, global financial data networks, and volution, if not its primary determinants. satellite sensing. Fortunately, a number of researchers are beginning to explore the connections between Corporate control over infrastructure and the information age and questions of domina- content has a profound impact on social relation, control and property. In the latter tions. Growth in the information society category, there has been increasing atten- means private corporate growth. It also tion paid to the role of intellectual pro- means deepening inequalities in the distribu- perty in the information revolution. Copy- tion of information resources. Schiller's right goes a long way toward performing unrelenting pursuit of distributional conse- that function with respect to the changing quences, of inequalities within core socie- configuration and efficacy of copyright as ties as well as between core and periphery, a form of intellectual property rights in is one of this book's finest achievements the Information age. And if not from a ^nd a clear guide for future research. Who particularly critical perspective, there is Knows suggests what considerations should important material in this book for anyone enter an information distribution analysis interested in questions of property and pro- comparable to wealth and income distribution perty rights in the changing economic and studies. Of course such analyses are limited political configurations of our times. by Schiller's essential theme: the information necessary to chart information inequali- Copyright has become an extremely compli- ties is becoming less available to public cated affair in the information age. As access and use. But for Schiller, informa- Ploman and Hamilton point out, changes in tion inequality and elite hegemony do not technology have produced hybrids that belie provide a full description of the Fortune traditional characterizations of "author," 500 Information Age. Who Knows considers the "work," "copy," "production," etc. What is contradictions and conflicts, particularly being protected, why, and how to protect it among core societies, that provide openings have become increasingly difficult questions for creating alternatives. to answer. One can envision a sharpshooter posted at every copy machine ready to pick In conclusion, Who Knows is a model of off anyone who would dare to use the machine thoughtful, well- researched, and well-written to reproduce copyrighted materials illegally. critical research. It is essential reading Ludicrous perhaps, but the fantasy does for readers of Communications Perspectives point to some of the problems of policing and would make an excellent addition to copyright laws in this era of complicated undergraduate and graduate communications communication technologies courses Vincent Mosco Ploman and Hamilton excel at pointing to Temple University the ways in which copyright laws have been stretched and extended steadily to cover, if COPYRIGHT; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN THE not create, intellectual property rights in associated INFORMATION AGE , Edward W. Ploman and L. new categories of information Clark Hamilton (Boston: Routledge & Kegan with the hew technologies. They illustrate Paul, 1980). that this process of extension and adaptation has been a hallmark of the evolution of "The information age" seems to be an appel- copyright law. The newer technologies of lation embued with a fascination for the communication, however, have been particu- potentials of the new technologies that have larly reticent to be readily incorporated supposedly spawned it. The literature is under the definitions of traditional copy- replete with chronicles of the impacts of the right law. And in fact, the situation is . — .

Corniuniaation Pcr-speat^ves page 11

of the overall system of private property L- : that in finding ways to extend copyright protection to "works" such as re- relations. This is a somewhat disappointing broadcast cable progrr.u.ming may result more position for them to take, considering their in protecting the rights of organizations insight in the first chapter that some cul- rather than the r:f.ght3 of individual authors tures have had and/or have no need for copy- As a consequence of this and other serious right protection because in some cultures complications that have ari sea in the pro- there can be no such thing as artistic cess of adapting copyright lav7, the authors "property." suggest that we might rousider .abandoning as Copyright -as -a ineaiis cf protecting "the Copyright is an important book, much for economic and ethical iatererts" of authors, the information it contains as for its lacunae. publishers and the public in favor of other For example, Ploman and Hamilton correctly means. So, for example, V7e could protect assert that the more important the role of the ecdromic interests- cf authors through information and communication become, the more organizations will have a stake in such thf-ngs as public c vb'jxdies , prizes, and 'salaries issues of copyright protection. A lacuna in the argument, and what may ultimately be While Ploman and Haniltcri arc particularly a more significant concern, is that the more good on describing the history of the evolu- that Interested actors are able to adapt tion of copyriglit law in re;:ponse to new copyright law to their economic interests, the role of technological davelopnants a\-.C good on char- the more important will become acterizing the salient ii^'^ues that currently information and communication in shaping dominate national ar.d international debate those stakes. over copyright prx;tectici., their critique Jennifer Daryl Slack of Michigan of copyright in t: e informatim age ds seri- University ously li-cited. Copyright, thsy ackncwledge, •."cerres as a mecharipfi by vrhich the law POLITICAL ECONOMY, A CRITIQUE OF AMERICAN editor (Glenview, brings: the world of sclenc^i, "art and cul- SOCIETY , Scott McNall, Foresman ture into relation V7it-li the world of com- in Scott, and Co., 1981), 398 merce." It would seem requisite then to pp., paperback, $11.95. critique copyright in the information age vis-'a-*'is the vTorld o,f ccxiirrce. Rut for The book is a collection of fourteen ori-

the authors , the ;7orld of commerce is the ginal essays, plus a substantive introduc- wjvld of private property, and that world tion (An Outline for a Critique of the goes unchallenged. Their understanding of Political Economy) by the editor. Contribu- "he pro'Qiemr and their sUijgestions for tions are grouped in four major areas: rr-C'-ification of those problems assumes an Capitalism In Everyday Life (sex and family; overall context of private property relations .education; medicine); Capitalism and Culture Power in Capitalist r.'.e . consequences of t .is orientation are (religion; culture); particularly- apparoriL — and disap^-ointing Society (role of the state; who benefits in in the final chapter: "iclicies for the the economy; the corporation; the corporate Infcnr-nticn .''^c." Iha authors here suggest state); Contradictions of Capitalism (work; racism; crime; tha.t.ty. identiiTying . Cp-2 flows of informa- cities and the urban crisis; tion th: o"gh society as th.ey currently occur women's liberation). Each essay includes, we: could -i^er.tif^ the actors requiring pro- in addition to customary explanatory notes, tection,, ihe kinds of work requiring pro- a useful topical outline and an often lengthy

*-.ection, the economic stake" ,, and the loca- bibliography. tions vrhorc scne kind of protection is required. Althou.gh the authors do not feel According to the editor, the objective of that- copyright is. necacsarily the best form the collection is "to provide an understand- of -protection .("one raanot 'own' processes ing of modern, capitalist society— its inner logic, its contradictions— so or flows of comiaunication';") , they end up dynamics, its only seeking an alternative to copyright that people can begin to understand their that would perform essentially th^. same own biographies. Its purpose is to educate fu-jctions: to best protect the integrity in the most fundamental sense— to create page 12 Communioation Perspectives

self-conscious actors who use that awareness media, yet the issue is not squarely con- to take action." The book clearly is meant fronted. to be a text, either standing alone or as support, and could be especially useful in Another problem is the absence of a chapter political science, economics, sociology, or on the political economy of technology and communications courses. machines. This could be dealt with, not just from the customary connection to pro- The thrust of the volume is that social and duction, but as a way of organizing social political problems in contemporary American relations and dispensing selected knowledge. society step from a common cause. Consequent- Such a chapter also could demystify the ly they are interrelated and are manifesta- idealist conception of invention. tions of basic, inherent conditions of capitalism. This, of course, challenges the pre- Although these shortages cannot be dismissed, vailing view that problems are mutually exclu- the volume still is an attractive and use- sive and (a) can be solved by more (or less) ful addition to text materials at our dis- -federal aid or regulation, revision of taxa- posal. Particularly in communications tion, changes in the school system, etc. , and courses, various chapters might be the (b) are caused by foreigners. Blacks, hip- basis for discussions about how (and if) pies, lazy welfare recipients, etc. issues and problems are presented by news media, the role of "entertainment" programs For the most part, the essays are well- in shaping consciousness about people and structured and competently and clearly writ- social problems, and the integration of the ten. They avoid extensive use of the move- media in the business fabric of America. ment's intricate terminology that often Thomas Guback confuses those not steeped in its meaning. There is no flamboyant political slogsnism, ELECTRONIC COLONIALISM THE FUTURE Op INTER- either. The intent of contributors obvi-i NATIONAL BROADCASTING AND COMMUNICATION ously was not to make significant theoreti- , Thomas L. McPhail (Sage, 1981) cal advances, but to sum-up a good deal of knowledge and present a case for a radical This book is an up-to-date account of the interpretation of American society. This New World Infoirmation Order (NWIO) debate, descriptive approach applies Marxist princi- of the political and economic forces that ples to a variety of significant areas. gave rise to demands for a new order and of the individuals, institutions, and Although there is occasional variation in international conferences/commissions the level and perceptiveness with Which prob- instrumental in setting the new order in lems are attacked, there also is a basic motion. McPhail 's purpose is to emphasize unity that makes this volume compelling and the importance of the NWIO debate to future persuasive—and probably provocative for Western foreign policy, international trade, most students. and communications.

On the other hand, it is astonishing that McPhail presents a sympathetic discussion at this moment in time, radicals can present of the less developed countries' (LDC's) a critique of capitalist society and its concerns for national sovereighty, their power mechanisms without inspecting the desire to control their own economic and crucial role of communications and the mass cultural development, and the rationale media. Granted, the anthology does have a behind their demands for a NWIO. The sec- (short) contribution on culture in late tions dealing with UNESCO are especially capitalism. But this chapter is suggestive instructive. Drawing on UNESCO documents, at best, and really does not analyze culture personal interviews, and press accounts, and media with the degree of depth and preci- the author discusses in some detail UNESCO sion found in many of the other contributions. politics as the balance of power within The hole is conspicuous because several chap- the organization shifted in the 70 's from ters brush against the role of capitalist the US and Western Europe to the poorer. . . —

Coimuniaation Perspectives page 13

newer nations which have joined the UN since of view. While giving the LDC's a pat on the 60 's, its role in the NWIO debate and the back for challenging Western domina- the MacBride International Commission. The tion, McPhail's real concern seems to be information on maneuvers within UNESCO, the first that a NWIO could result in less, International Telecommunications Union, and not more, information about the LDC's and the World Administration Radio Conference to second that the exclusion of foreign cor- establish a NWIO is particularly valuable respondents and censorship of Information ..because so little has been available in the flowing to Western media agencies will Western press and because the US repeatedly make it difficult for Western democracies misunderstands the LDC's stands on inter- to rally public support for initiatives to

V national issues "solve foreign problems in Asia, Africa or Latin America" (p. 10). Unfortunately, the convenience of reducing Carla W. Heath the NWIO debate to the West versus the LDC's obscures several crucial points. For exam- MEDIA IMPERIALISM RECONSIDERED: THE HOMO- ple, although "The Group of 77" (actually GENIZING OF TELEVISION CULTURE , Chin-Chuan 100 plus nations) has been increasingly able Lee (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, to act as a unified bloc in international 1980). forra concerned with economic, social, and cultural matters vis-a-vis the industrialized As the title indicates, this work attempts nations-,; -it is by no means a monolithic body to evaluate the concept of media imperial- . r, espousing a common ideology or even reflect- ism and the debate it has engendered over ing a common economic condition. While it global media flow. The author identifies may be politically expedient for Third World three major positions on the issue of leaders to express fear of direct broadcast global media flow. The first position satellites in terms of cultural threats from the media diffusionist approach reflected the US, Canada, Japan or the EEC, clearly the in the works of Ithiel de Sola Pool, greatest potential for unwanted messages is William Read, and others— argues that from richer, more powerful (though perhaps Western dominance of global media flow is still "developing") neighbors. a transient phenomenon and that the long-term, benefits accruing to Third World Similarly, McPhail's treatment of the debate countries from unrestricted media flow far over the- "free flow of, information" versus outweigh any short-term problems. The .V controlled "development journalism" as pri- second position the neo-Marxist position marily an issue in international communica- — reflected in the work of Herbert Schiller, tions fails to emphasize the significance Dallas Smy the, and others— takes the oppo- of this debate at the national level. Mc- site view, arguing that Western dominance Phail does recognize that the Western press of global media flow is one aspect of has been a development press 24) support- (p. Western imperialism in general and that ing free enterprise and a capitalist Siociety. the problems of media, imbalance will However, he offers this insight by way of increase as the overall structure of depen- supporting demands for development journal- dency deepens ism in the Third World— rather than as a springboard for questioning which groups and Lee rejects the media diffusionist position institutions within a developing country as being blind to the consequences of Wes- benefit from government control of informa- tern dominance over media flow. However, tion or, indeed, who benefits from the while he credits the neo-Marxist media manner in which the debate is being conducted. imperialism position with a more realistic understanding of the problems of imbal- In spite of McPhail's claim that, as a Cana- anced global flow, he argues that this dian, he occupies a unique position from position is blinded by its own Marxist rhe- which to understand the fears of new and toric and ideology. Hence, the neo-Marxist developing nations regarding cultural imperi- position can neither analyze the true causes alism, his is a paternalistic. Western point of global media imbalance nor offer prac- . —

page 14 Communication Perspeatives

tical policy recommendations to Third World In his treatment of neo-Marxist dependency countries theory, Lee limits the discussion mainly to the works of Andre Gunder Frank. Lee seems Between imperialist apologetics and Marxist unaware of the intense debate within Marxist harangues, Lee identifies a third position circles over Frank's ideas. Moreover, he the non-Marxist media imperialist position overlooks, or is unfamiliar with, such depen- embodied in the works of Elihu Katz, Jeremy dency writers as Dos Santos, Cruise-O'Brien, Tunstall, and (one would assume) Lee himself. Sunkel, and others whose work is far more Proponents of this poFitlon attempt to apply relevant to media imperialism than Frank's. both a non-ideological perspective and the objective methods of social science tp the Given this woefully inadequate understand- study of global madia imbalances. They ing of Marxist and neo-Marxist work, Lee's then proceed to offer guidance as to which critique of the so-called neo-Marxist media media policy Third World governments might imperialism position/theory is unconvincing, best pursue. In general, Lee argues for off-the-mark, and confused. "evolutionary remedies" such as regional media cooperation, creative uses of modern His attempt to construct an alternative media, and syntheses of modern and tradi- fares no better than his attempt to cri- tional forms of communication. tique. Lee argues that the components of imperialism are autonomous . In order to Despite this concern for policy, the major understand imperialism, then, it is neces- goal of this work is theoretical. Lee sary to distinguish between economic Jun- attempts to redefine the concept of media perialism, political imperiilism, and media inperialism so that Marxist assumptions are imperialism. Similarly, he argues that replaced by assumptions more amenable! to media imperialism must be considered in terms of its components. For example, he : traditional North American social science. Tliere is, of course, nothing wrong with this. identifies four such components in media Indeed, one looks forward to an insightful imperialism in television: 1) television critique of the current work on media program exports, 2) foreign control of imperialism. Unfortunately, Lee neither local television outlets, 3) transfer of succeeds in refuting the neo-Marxist posi- broadcasting models, and 4) invasions of tion nor in constructing an alternative capitalist/foreign values. While these model capable of withstanding cursory are obviously aspects of media imperialism, examination. Lee never elucidates their significance for theorists, observers, or policy-makers. Lee's refutation of the neo-Marxist position Rather than explore how these components fails not because this position is irrefut- are related to each other, Lee suggests able, but because his understanding of that any relationship is merely coinci- Mrirxism is simplistic, incomplete, and con- dental. Further, he offers no framework fused. Given that most of Lee's references by which to tie media imperialism in tele- '• Marxist ideas and positions are to older vision to media imperialism in books, secondary sources, particularly C. W. Mills's films, music, news, etc.

The Marxists , one must assume that Lee has Tead neither broadly nor deeply in the vari- Given the theoretical pretensions (and ous Marxist traditions. Indeed, some of academic pedigree) of this book, the re- Lee's arguments about Marxism can only be sults are disappointing, confused, and, at described as ignorant. For example, he times, embarrassing. While the author has collected some interesting information, his .5 argues that the existence of class coali- tior.S: convincingly refutes the Marxist larger theoretical failure throws the value notion of class conflict. One, of course, of this book into serious question. A cri- need, only be familiar with either Marx's tique of the work on media imperialism writings on politics or popular front poli- remains to be written. tical strategies to realize that class con-„ Fred Fejes flict is a somewhat more complex matter than Wayne State University simply throwing up the barricades. :: .

Cormunioation Perspectives page IS

DIRECTORY communication and development; inter- organizing regular meetings of the UDC, In responae to our questionnaire in national communication, esp. news flow applications of teleconferencing. past issues of Communi aati oyi Perspec- & news agencies; Caribbean mass media; tives, the following readers have sent mass media and society. Projects: William A. Gamson, Professor of Sociol- znformation about their positions^ appropriate communications technology ogy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, addresses, permanent addresses (if dif- for the Caribbean; news flow and tele- MI 48109, USA. Interests: mass media interests, communications in the Caribbean. and society; media and social move- ferent) , general research and specific projects in order to ments; shaping of political conscious- facilitate the sharing of information Sara Douglas, PhD student, Inst, of ness. Projects: "Political Culture among communication researchers. Communications Research, 222B Armory and Political Cognition" —a study of Bldg, 505 East Armory St., University political symbolism on the framing of Marty Allor, PhD candidate, Inst, of of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Issues such as affirmative action, Communications Research, 22^B Armory Interests: image and advocacy adver- nuclear power, economic dislocation, Amendment and com- and Arab-Israeli comflict. Pldg. , 505 East Armor*; St., University tising; the First of Illinois, Champaign, TL 61820, USA. mercial speech; advertising in Third Interests: cultural studies, material- World countries. Projects: US labor Denis Gosselin, Research Assistant/ Inst, of Communications ist communication theory, film and TV. unions and the mass media; advertising PhD student, Research, Bldg., 505 East Projectfti to rearticulate materialist by labor unions. 222B Armory analysis of cultural texts. Armory St., University of Illinois, Gloria DSvila de Vela, Communication Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Interests: Roberta Astroff, MA Latin AmericBn/ researcher of CIESPAL (International political economy of mass communica- Caribbean Studies,- PhD student, Inst, Center of Higher Studies of Communica- tion, legal and policy aspects of broadcasting; media Industries in of Communirat ions Research, 222B Armory tion for Latin America) , Av. Diego y Bldg., 505 East Armory St., University Andrade Marin, Apto Postal 582, Quito, Canada. of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Ecuador. [Av. America 4217, apto #103, Interests: mass communication and cul- Quito, Ecuador]. Interests: partici- Lawrence Grossberg, Assistant Profes- ture in the Third World; political patory communication; alternative com- sor, Speech Communication, University economy of international communications; munication, communication and educa- of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. politics and media. Projects: I am tion. Projects: communltary communi- Interests : cultural studies (Marxism, hermeneutics) philosophy trying to find data on mass media In cation; curricular communication semiotics, ; Puerto Rico. research of communication; rock and roll.

Alvaro Barros-Lemez, Professor-Re- Detlef Borchers, Student at the Uni- Thomas Guback, Professor, Inst of Com- aearcher, Apartado de Correos versity of Osnabruck/West Germany, munications Research, 222B Armory 47.691, Caracas lOil, Venezuela. Inter- Department for Communications/Aesthe- Bldg., 505 East Annory St., University ests: history of the mass media In tics, Parkstr. 3 B, 4500 Osnabruck, of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Latin America related to the social con- West Germany. Interests: political Interests: economic structure of mass flicts during 20th century; cultural im- economy of mass communications; Marx- communication industries; international perialism and the Latin American com- ist theories of 'ideological repro- communication flow. Projects: struc- munication system; the 'popular' genres duction' in late capitalism; inter- ture and policies of the film industry. comics, pulps, soap operas, etc.; mass national mass-media imperialism. Pro- media, political propaganda and adver- jects: Finishing MA thesis on Alt- Cees Hamellnk, Senior Lecturer Inter- tising, alternative communication. husser's influence in recent mass-com- national Communications, Inst, of munication theories, 'media in the sys- Social Studies, 251 Badhuisweg, The J. Oliver Boyd-Barrett, Lecturer, tem of ideological state apparatuses.' Hague, The Netherlands. Interests: Faculty of Educational Studies, Open political economy of international University, Walton Hall, Walton, Mil- Fred Fejes, Assistant Professor, Depart-. communications; advanced information ton Keynes, MK6 7AA, UK. Interests: ment of Speech Communication, Theatre, technology; policy/planning. Pro- international communications. Projects and Journalism, 585 Manoogian Hall, jects: transborder data flows and continuing work on international news Wayne State University, Detroit, MI their politico-^economic implications. agencies. 48202, USA. Interests: International communication; communication and the Carla W. Heath, PhD student, Inst, of Dick Bunce, Associate Specialist, Third World; media imperialism; poli- Communications Research, 222B Armory Social Research Group, University of tical economy of communication; popu- Bldg, 505 East Armory St., University California-Berkeley, 2640 Derby St., lar culture. Projects: information of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Berkeley, CA 9A705, USA. Interests: age and reindustrializatlon. Interests: Africa—broadcasting and political economy of public broadcast- the politics of development, language ing, including issues of public con- John Forester, Assistant Professor, policies, "development Journalism," trol and accountability, corporate 219 Sibley Hall, Cornell University, cultural imperialism, and international Influence, commercialization, diversi- Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. Inter- communications. fication, political programming, re- ests: policy analysis; critical social lations with independent producers, theory; communicative action; power, Hans J. Kleinsteuber, Professor, Poli- etc. Projects: activist with National policy, and agenda setting. Projects: tical Science, Inst. F. Polit. Wissen- Task Force of Public Broadcasting, Com- developing policy analysis cases show- schaft, Unlversitat Hamburg, Von- mittee to SAVE KQED, Institute for ing the policy structuring of communi- Melle-Park 15, 2000 Hamburg 13, F. R. Public Interest Media, & Media Alli- cative Interaction and (blockages to) Germany. Interests: communication ance. learning. politics; political economy of tele-

vision ; comparative broadcasting; new Sumlta Ghakrnvarty, PhD student, 1822B Elizabeth Fox, Regional Program Offi- electronic media. Projects: cable Orchard Place, Urbana, IL 61S01, USA. cial Social Sciences Division, CUD, and satellite television; comparative [lO, J. C. Bose Marg, Lucknow, India.] Calle 72 N^ 5-83, piso 8^, Apartado broadcasting systems. Interests: cultural studies; structur- A6reo 53016, Bogatd, Colombia. Inter- alism; semiotics; film theory and cri- ests: communication and democracy; Ana Chung Kong, Professor of Communi- ticism; international communication. development communication; technology; cation, Governors State University, Projects: structuralist study of the NIIO. Projects: coiranunlcatlon parti- Park Forest South, IL 60466, USA. new Indian cinema. cipation and democracy; communication, Interests: television and sex role information, and the state in Latin socialization; advertising; interper- Max Rafael Tello Charun, Social Communi- America. sonal communication. Projects: tele- cation Specialist & Professor in vision and sex role socialization; sex "Escuela Superior de Perlodismo J. Howard H. Frederick, PhD student in role attitudes of school teachers. Bauzate y Meza" and the "Universldad de International Relations, The American Lima." Jos^ Navarro 133 (Parque Argen- University, Washington, DC, 4545 Con- Carsten Kyhn , Associate Professor, The tina) Urb. Vista Alegre, Llna 33, PERU. nectlvut Ave., Nl-/, Apt. 510, Washing- Danish School for Librarians, Depart- Interests: art and publicity; communi- ton, DC 20008, USA. Interests: appro- ment of Culture and Mass Media, Overbys cation's psychology; political propa- priate satellite technology in Third Alie 19, DK-2500 VA2BY, Denmark. In- television in local ganda. Projects: I teach communica- World development ; interactive tele- terests: radio and

; communities; alternative uses of media; tion' s psychology, communication theory,, communications and development con- and research methods in communication. tent analysis in critical communica- Marxist theory and theory of public

tion science; power structure of Wash- sphere (Of f entlichkeit) . Projects: Radio :^A Channel in Chal- Marlene Cuthbert, Communication Special-- ington decision-making in international 1) Denmark's ist, Caribbean Regional Communication communications. Projects: research lenge; 2) Liberty, Egalit^ et Frater- Service Study, University of the West assistant on project to demonstrate nite: The Danish Society, Mass Communi- cation, and Freedom of Speech 1770-1848; Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Interests;: the use of satellites in development; , , : t . ; : — page 26 Conmuni cation Perapeotivea

3) Local Radios— To Use or To Fun? to communications research; analysis of formation society." Projects: sources the social relations of videotex; help- of resistance to transnational communi- Don Lazere, Associate Professor, De- ing to build a critical communication cations power. partment of English, California Poly- association. technic State University, San Luis Preben Sepstrup, Associate Professor, Obispo, CA 93407, USA. Interests: Marcial Murciano, Profesor Adjunto, Institute of Marketing, The Aarhus application of study in English lan- Universidad Autdnoma de Barcelona, School of Business Administration and guage and literature to criticism oC DTO. Teorla de la Comunicaci6n; Facul- Economics, Ryhavevej 8, DK-8210 Arhus mass news and entertainment media and tad de Ciencias de la lnformaci6n; Uni- V, Denmark. Interests: advertising, to the rhetoric and semantics of poli- versidad Aut(5noma de Barcelona; Bella- public information; consumer informa- tical discourse. Projects: editing a terra (Barcelona) , Spain. [Ctra. tion; communication policy; new media. collection of left perspectives on mass Sardanyola, 18, 4.°, 2.^, Sant Cugot Projects: Ideology and information news and entertal nment media for Uni- del Vall^s (Barcelona), Spain.] In- content In advertising. versity of California Press. terests: mass media and society; political economy of international communi- Benno Signitzer, Researcher and Lec- Eileen Meehan, PhD candidate, Inst, of cation. Projects: Third World and turer, Department of Communications, Communications Research, 222B Armory media imperialism; New International Salzburg University, Sigmund Haffner Information Bldp, , 505 East Armory St., University Order. Gasse 18/lil, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. Phone: 6222/44511389. Interests: in- Interests: political economy of com- Mike Nielsen, PhD student, 1205 East ternational communication; communica- munication; mass media and society; Pennsylvania, Urbana. IL 61801, USA. tion systems in Austria; decentralized/

law, policy, and negotiation processes Interests : media access , particularly democratic communication ; information at the Institutional level; broadcast- film and radio. Projects: historical and documentation in the field of coming history; cultural studies. Pro- study of the lATSE, the film workers' munication research. Projects; "Aus- jects: historical study of the Impac union, with attention to that union's tria in the International Communica- of changes in the television ratings influence on how American films are tion System: Relations and Dependen- made. cies" Industry on the programming policies ; "Communication Spaces in Austria." of television networks. Bob Pryor, PhD student. Department of Jennifer Daryl Slack, Assistant Profes- James ^nier. Assistant Professor of Speech Communication, 244 Lincoln Hall, sor of Communication, University of University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Michigan, College of Engineering, Dept. Communications , Hampshire College Amherst, MA 01002, USA. Interests: 61801, USA. Interests: critical of Humanities, 079 East Engineering social-control factors in operation of theory; philosophy of communication; Bldg., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. In- mass communication systems; Ideology language, power, and social life. terests: mass media and society; in- and industrialized culture; policy Projects : analysis of neo-conservatism. vention and innovation of communication technologies; political economy studies . Projects : national communi- Giuseppe Richeri, Consultant of Emilia- of communication, particularly new cations planning (OTP) ; critical survey of research on production controls; Romagna regional gvoernment and of RAI technologies ; cultural studies . Pro- Innovative university- graduate curricu- (Italian public broadcasting corp.), jects: ideology of the information lum; local public radio involvement. via Fondazza 48, Bologna, Italy, tel. age; technology assessment; causal //051-399653. Interests: impact of models used in characterizing the re- new communication technologies on tra- Emlle G. McAnany , Associate Professor, lationship between communication tech- Department of Radio-TV-Film, School of ditional communication systems; poli- nology and society; computers and Communication, University of Texas, tical economy of media; models of de- writing; Intellectual property and the Austin, TX 78712, USA. Interests: de- mocratlsatlon of media structures invention and innovation of communica- pendency in international communica- (access , decentralization, participation technologies. tion; political economy of communication, etc.). Projects: direct broad- tion; rural development in the Third casting satellites in European coun- Tom Streeter, MA student. Department World. Projects: telecommunications tries: which perspectives?; effects of Speech Communication, 244 Lincoln studies for rural development: policy of public-private competition in tele- Hall, University of Illinois, Urbana, strategies for overcoming Third World vision activities IL 61801, USA. Interests: Communica- communication dependency. tion theory; cultural studies of com- Colleen Roach, Communications Re- munications technology. Projects Mike McCullough, Instructor, political searcher, 127 rue Jeanne d'Arc, Paris broadcast regulation, especially of communications (New School) and BASIC 13e, France. Projects; critique of TV networks. programming (Farlelgh Dicklnsen and New liberal concept of freedom of the School), 90 East 7th St., //3A, New York, press; New International Information Andras Szekfu, Researcher at the Mass NY 10009, USA. Interests: a democra- Order; particularly US position; im- Communication Research Center, Buda- tic socialist theory of participatory plications of the NIIO for domestic pest, Hungary, and assistant professor communication systems. Projects: a policy in the US. at University of Budapest. H-1124 political information-science fiction Budapest, Kempelen F.u.6., Hungary. novel; community organizing microcom- Josep Rota, Director of COMCORSA Interests: sociology of mass media; puter programs. (communication research and consulting social history of the Hungarian cinema company) and professor of research and TV. Projects: social uses of new methodology in the Department of problems Media Network/Information Center, 208 Com- communication technologies ; West 13th St., New York, NY 10011, USA. munication at the National University of communication policy in Hungary. of Mexico, Margaritas 312 Casa 22, Interests : Information Center and Media Network are two components of a Mexico 20, D.F., Mexico. Interests: Benedict Tlsa, Nonformal Educational nationally funded program which is communication effects (including Communications Consultant, Box 205, developing new audiences for media on effects on national dev't. and social Collingswood, NJ 0810ft. USA. Inter- change); diffusion of information ests: low cost communication ap- social issues . Projects : Media Net- work coordinates the sharing of informa- (including international flow and con- proaches to projects involved in ex- tion among a national alliance of or- trols, and conditions that lead to the tentlon ed. and cross-cultural com- ganizations who use or produce media. need for a new international order) munications/education. Projects: The Information Center will be a compu- adaptation and development of research development of communication support terized database of information about methods suitable for Latin American activities for health projects in conditions Haiti; involved In project identifi- 1) thousands of films , videotapes , and and needs. Projects: Most slldeshows which address social con- important current projects (nearing cation for voluntary organizations. cerns, and 2) the organizations which completion) : relationship between the use media. The Community Media Pro- development of television and a large Cecilia von Feilitzen, PhD, mass com- ject is being developed to help grass- number of indicators of national devel- munication researcher, sociologist, roots and community groups in Brooklyn, opment in Mexico. In addition, I am chairperson of FSM— Swedish associa- the Bronx, and Manhattan use media that finishing the manuscript for a new tion for mass communication research. can support and strengthen their work. textbook: Communication Research Audience and Programme Research De-

Methods , and, as senior editor, the partment, Sveriges Radio (Swedish preparation of a reader: Mas_3 Com- Broadcasting Corporation), S~105 10, Vincent Mosco , Associate Professor , De- Sweden. Interests: mass partment of Radio- TV-Film. School of munication in Latin America ; Curren t Stockholm,

State and Trends . communication theory; children and Coramun i ca 1 1 on , Temp le Un i ve rs 1 ty Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. Inter- mass communication. Projects: chil- ests: critical theory; state-media Herbert I. Schiller, Professor of Com- dren and mass communication in the relations; social relations of new communications, University of California- socialization process; work with FSM San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Swedish association for mass communi- munications technologies . Projects application of critical social theory Interests : interna t lonal communica- cation research. tions; analysis of the so-called "in :: : : : , :

Cornurti c^t ic: } rreie--'tiveB \'an( 1

Philip Wander, Professor, Conanunlcatlon Madison, WI 53715. USA. Interests: USA. [3506 Werner Ave.. Austin, TX Etudiec, San Joee State University, San international communication systemti 78722, USA.] Intereste: qualita- Joee. CA 95192, USA. Intereste: cul- fcsp. Scandinavian media policies; cul- tive research on the child's nego- tural crltlclBoi with an emphacls on TV; ture and Ideology; critical theory; tiation of mediated messages from critical theory. Projects broadcast news studies. Projects: the child's frame of reference; aeathetlcB of fascism; children's car- critical overview of Swedish mass media institutional research; interna- toons; the "mass audience." policies. tional communication. Projects: disscrtstlon on children and tele- Laurie Weinsteln, PhD student. Depart- Michelle A. Wolf, Instructor. PhD can- vision: learning strategies, use ment of Communication Arts, University dicate. Department of Radio-TV-Film, of mental Imagery. of Vlsconfiin-Madlson. 1339 Drake St., University of Texas, Austin. TX 78712.

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' 'ii?i« ) 30/. /^05 a^rrny^^'iMy^./C^ Cor Communication Perspectives

VOL. IV, NO. 3 MARCH 1982

U.D.C. BYLAWS SET FOR RATIFICATION After much discussion, the consensus was to On February 13th and 14th a joint meeting structure the organization around its regional was held between the National Steering Com- chapters, with the National' Steering mittee and the Midwest Chapter of the Union Committee providing primarily a for networking Democratic Communications. The agenda' and coordinating function. The of the meeting included reports of the bylaws were adjusted to reflect this model

of ' activities of the current regional chap- the organization. And, the National ters, and plans for future activities of Steering Committee is in the process of sending the organization. The major portion of the recommended bylaws out to the the membership ' meeting was devoted to a discussion of for ratification. ' the Structure and goals of. the organization, The meeting and the bylaws, A number of sugges- concluded ' with a discussion of the tion:? were made by members of the Midwest date and place of the next national membership chapter. They centered around a range of meeting. The possibility of a issues: centralization vs. decentraliza- meeting in late Fall in Philadelphia is tion;' the powers of the Steering Commit- now being investigated. For more informa- tee; voting tion on the U.D.C, rights of members; and the write to: Karen > frequency of national meetings. Paulsen, NYU-TITP, 725 Broadway, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10003 USA.

J THE CONFERENCE ON CRITICAL LEGAL STUDIES , COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES The Conference organizes annual meetings Eciitor-ial, . Board: , . at which people discuss law, legal doctrine Marty Allor Fred Fejes and practice, legal education, and social theory from a Thomas CTuback (Wayne State U. left perspective. Most Eileen Meehan Jennifer Slack of its members are law' teachers, law students, (U. of Michigan) la\-ryevs, or social scientists. The Conference tries to bring together Issue Editor: Marty Allor Marxist and non-Marxist radical approaches to the law. One of the key theoretical Editorial Associates figures in critical legal studies movement Janet Wasko Mike Nielsen is Roberto Uuger, author of Knowledge and ' Politics (Temple U.) Carla Heath (1975) and Law in Modern Society Roberta Astroff Tom Streeter (1976), This year's conference, held March Simita Chakravarty Sara Douglas 19-21, 1982 a. Harvard Law School in Cambridge, MA, provided people interested in finding out 'lease send all correspondence to: about critical legal stud- COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES ies with an overview of the field. Con- ference Institute of Communications Research organizers are Duncan Kennedy, 222B Armory, Building G-309 Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA 02138, University of Illinois and Karl Klare , Northwestern Uni- 505 East Armory Avenue versity Law School, 400 Huntington Ave., Champaign, Illinois 61820 USA Boston, MA 02115. Anyone interested in being a member of the Conference or in ;early subscription: US, $3; foreign sur- being on the mailing list should contact :ace mail, $3 or 4 international Postage K the Secretary of the Conference, Mark Jeply Coupons, or $5 for airmail. We do Tuslinet, 1416 Holly St., NW, Washington,-' LQt.h.0ve billing, facilities. DC 20012 USA. 'a bibliography, of critical,' legal studies is currently in preparation.

page 2 Cormtnmiaation Perspectiv&s

QUEBEC REFERENDUM PROJECT A. "Foreign Correspondents of Consumer Capi- tals" (C.L, Sultzberger, Flora Lewis, R.W. The Social Science Research Council of Can- (Johnny) Apple and all the gang); 5. "Wash- ada is (Supporting a $150,000 joint referen- ington Talk: First Names in DC," the new dum study of McGill University and the Uni- gossip page; 6. "The Neediest and the Quebec ^ Montreal. The project versity', de Greediest: Metropolitan NYT," how the Times is designed to illuminate the social impli- covers New York. cationg'of media power in defining political activity. Questions are raised about the These six tapes are available on either 3/4 way in which broadcasting and the press have cassettes or VHS or Beta-Max 1 or 2, indi- changed the conduct of political presenta- vidually or in a set. Prices negotiable and tion; how the notion of the "voter and the variable depending on availability of dub- public'' are constituted in television news bing facilities. CHEAP. For sale or rent. and how.' audio-visual linkages produce sig- The series was produced by DeeDee Halleck nification. Public and private television with: Pennee Bender, Diana Agosta, l-Iarty news aqd public affairs programming are sam- Lucas, Mary Feaster, David Shulman, Daniel pled the CBC, CFCF, Radio Canada TV and in; Brooks, Vickie Gholson, Valerie Van Isler. CFTM. 'Two .French and the sole English newspaper (Le Devoir, Journal de Montreal, COMING SOON: Murray Bookchin Reads Time Gazette) provide the print media's point of Magazine and Martha Rosier Reads Family view. The study focuses on five specific Circle . aspects of the campaign: the PQ White Paper presentation; the Referendum Question pre- For information write: DeeDee Halleck, 165 sentation; Clauie Ryan's -eige Paper; The West 91, New York, NY 10024 USA or call

Quebec . Assembly Debate; and the final refer- 212/362-5287. endum week. BOOK PROJECT Ga§tan>Tremblay of UQAM (dlrecteur du d^par- tement- des communications) and Claude Yves Papers that deal with "Theoretical and Charrop (directeur du module) are the Methodological Issues in the Study of Mass co-inyestigators of this comparative study Media and Ethnic Minorities" are being which focuses on five specific topics: requested for consdieration for a reader on 1) Identifying similarities and differences this topic to be published in early 1983. in the different media: press/brf>adcasting; private/public; French/English; 2) Identi- Contributions should include some theoreti- fying the themes and argumentation "for" cal propositions and/or methodological prob- and "against" the referendum; 3) Developing lems and advances which may be of special a methodology for TV news analysis; 4) Iden- importance for the study of any or all eth- tifying the "preferrea" descriptions em- nic minority groups in the United States. ployed; 5) Relating these descriptions to Research approaches may include media struc- public opinion polls and party functioning. ture analysis, content analysis, survey research, historical and legal analysis, etc. VIDEO SCHILLER Submissions may be of published or unpublished material. Please send papers by May A set of six half hour video tapes is now 31, 1982 to: Federico Subervi, School of available—Herb Schiller Reads the M Times— Journalism & Mass Communication, 5115 Vilas taped W-ve for public access TV in New York Hall, 821 University Ave., University of City, the tapes give a critical view of that Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA (608/263- venerafed institution, the New York Times . 3381 or 262-3691) or Penny Williams, 1001 Taped with a low budget, but high spirits, North Rd., Belmont, CA 94002 USA (415/591- they are divided into the following topics: 3067). Tape I, "The NY Times a Steering Mechanism •^ for the Ruling Class"; 2. "The NYT Covers INFORMATION CENTER UNDERWAY: CLEARINGHOU"""" SE Communications Issues: NWIO and Free Flow"; FOR SOCIAL ISSUE MEDIA 3. "Nfev;spaper as Waste: The Sunday Times" (includes discussion of the Books Review Media Network is pleased to announce that Section, the NYT Magazine and Travel); its Information Center is now in operation.

: . ,

Jorrmun-toation Perspectives page S

The Information Center, one of the core ser- technology; mass media studies; contemporary vices of Media Network, is a clearinghouse cultural studies; communications and gender; for information on films, videotapes and film studies; visual communications; semi- slideshows that deal with a wide spectrum of otics and linguistics; communication theory; social, issues. The service is based on a communication and development; and organi- unique cataloging system geared toward the zational communication.

needs bf groups and individuals working for b) Intelligibility . Since instructional use progressive social change. Through tele- is one of the series' objectives, submis- phone and mail requests, users of the Center sions should be comprehensible to a reader will be 'able to obtain information on par- with a limited background in the study of ticular titles as well as lists of media communications

available within any one of several hundred c) Length . Manuscripts of betv/een 20 and subject areas. In addition, the Information 50 pages will be considered for publication. Center can help groups program film series and put' them in touch with others working on Selectiori is based on the recommendations of the same themes. It compiles evaluations of a panel of readers chosen from the Communi- independent media on an ongoing basis, and cations departments of McGill University, keeps track of the needs of media users in Universite de Montreal, Universite du Quebec ord^r td communicate them to funding organi- a Montreal, and Concordia University. Three zations', distributors and independent pro- copies and an abstract of each submission,

ducers . which may be written in either French of English, should be mailed to Ms. vTane Bisel Media Network is a national organization of Managing Editor of the series. community, labor and social activists, librarians, teachers and others who use media ^ 'for organizing and education. In addition to Current Titles the Information Center, Media Network ser- Stuart Adam. "Constitutional Status vices it)clude a newsletter, discounts on of the Press in Canada." (15 pp.) $1.50 media-related publications and accens to Paul Attallah and Will Straw. "Repre- other mgjnbers who have experience and skills. sentational Features of Media Cover- age in the Quebec Referendum. "(15 pp.) 1.50 Those ipterested in using the Information Center can call 212/620-0878 or wite Media Peter Bruck. "The Social Production Network/Information Center, 208 West 13 of Texts: On the Relation Production/ Street j 'New York, NY 10011 USA. Product in the News Media." (25 pp.) 2.25 Claude-Yves Charron. "Pour une Defi- IlcGILU'wORKING PAPERS nition du Concept de 'Development The Working Papers in Communications series, News.'" (10 pp.) 1.00 published by the Graduate Program in Communi- Marc Raboy. "Media Alternatives and catione at HcGill University, welcomes sub- Social Movements: Quebec 1960-1980." missiorig of theoretical and empirical (12 pp.) 1.50 research on a diverse range of topics relevant to the study of communications. Those G.J. Robinson. "VJomen Journalists in interested in submitting manuscripts for Canadian Dailies: A Social and Pro- publication are reminded that although such fessional Minority Profile." (17 pp.) 1.75 papers'^re expected to represent the results John Rosten, '"A Model for the Develop- of recent ongoing original research, inclu- ment of the Canadian Film Industry." sion in the series does not preclude the (17 pp.) 1.75 possibility of publication elsewhere, as all rights are retained by the author (s). Diane Hells. "User Access to Videotex." (23 pp.) 2.00 The ser^^es' minimum standards of accepta- Order from : Working Papers in Communications, bility, are as follows Graduate Program in Communications, McGill a) Relevai.ce . The series presents work in: University, P15 Sherbrooke Street West, the social Implications of communications Montreal, Quebec I13A 2K6 CANADA

page 4 Communication Perspectives

CALL FOR PAPERS for completed papers: November 1, 1982. Send two copies of proposal, or request for History Review is planning a 'The Radical Information to: Marxist Educational Press, history of media and special issue on the c/o Anthropology Department, University of

. articles or communications. Anyone with Minnesota, 215 Ford Hall, 224 Church Street reviews dealing with the history of specific SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. forms of media like television, radio, film, more broadly with the history and etc., pr BRAZILIAN COMMUNICATIONS ORGANIZATION political economy of communications, from a broadly defined left perspective, is urged to INTERCOM—Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos submit them to the Editorial Secretary of the Interdlscipllnares de Comunlcacao— Is a Radical History Review, at 445 West 59th nation-wide academic organization with its Street, New York, NY 10019 USA. headquarters in Sao Paulo. Founded in 1977, the organization's goal is: "to contribute COMMUNICATION AND DEVELOPMENT S^UDy'tOUR TO to pluralistic reflection on emerging prob- CUBA (MAY 2-11, 1982) lems in communications, and to formulate models of analysis that are consistent with The Philadelphia and Washington Chapters of Brazilian society and culture, and able to the Union for Democratic Communications are overcome the dependence of the national com- sponsoring the program to examine communica- munications system." [translation mine]. tion technologies in thfe social, economic and Their active publications program Includes: political development of Cuba, with special Boletitn INTERCOM ; Comunlcacao e Sociedade focus on Cuba's position on the NIIO, infor- ; anthologies of papers given at their annual matics and regional broadcast issues. Par- conferences; and a new series, due to start ticipants include both communication re-r this year, called Cadernos INTERCOM . The searchers and media makers'.- Institutions Boletira provides Information about communi- ^^ifch as Cuban TV and radio stations, Cuban cations, and association members, in Brazil iTNESCO office, Havana University Journalism and the rest of the world, notices of confer- Department and other cultural and historical ences, news about communications, and a "Blb- locations are on the itinerary. The cost of liografia corrente de comunlcacao" that lists the trip is US $750 roundtrip from Miami, national and foreign publications of Interest Florida., This includes hotel accommodations, to communications researchers. Comunlcacao meals and transportation to meetings, etc. e Sociedade is a biannual journal that pub- Places on the tour may be reserved by sending lishes articles about all aspects of communi- $25 to Vista Travel, 5402 Connecticut Ave.,. cations in Brazil and Latin America. Partic- Suite 303, Washington, DC 20015 (Phone: 202/ ular fields of interest seem to be communi- 244-8060). For further information contact cation and. community, popular culture, alter- tour organizers: Howard Frederick, 4545 Con- native communication, and ideology and the necticut Ave., NW, Apt. 510, Washington, DC mass media, although major articles can be 20008 (202/244-2716) or John Lent, Department found in each issue dealing with cinema, cul- of Journalism, Temple University, Philadel-r ture, education, aesthetics, labor and mass phia, PA 19122 USA (215/787-8348). media, television, and publishing. The new Cadernos series will publish papers by asso- CALL FOR PAPERS ciation members. Each of intercom's major Seventh Midwest Marxist Scholars Conference, conferences has produced a book: Ideologia e April 14-17, 1983, University of Cincinnati, Poder no Ensino de Comunlcapao (Cortez, 1979) Cincino^ti, Ohio USA. Comunlcacao e Classes Subalternas (Cortez, 1980); and. Populismo e Comunicagao (Cortez,

Marxisfii and Human Knowledge—Marxism and 1981) . The latest one is expected to be

Human Survival : To commemorate the 100th available soon, and is the result of a con- anniversary of the death of Marx. To assess ference held this past fall; that title:

the contribution of dialectical and histori- Comunlcacao, Hegemonia e Contra InformacSo . - cal materialism to the growth of human know- The Cadernos in preparation are (1) Jornal

ledge, the fulfillment of human needs and ismo Popular , and (2) Televlsao e Poder . the struggle for human survival. Proposals Dr. Jos6 Marques de Melo is editor of the welcome until September 15, 1982. Deadline anthologies and President of INTERCOM. This

Communication Perspectives page 5

innovative and productive group of research- ttt>!?ic!5- 'power and communicational power. The ers c^n be reached at: INTERCOM, Rua journal editors can be contacted at the fol- Augusta 555, CEP 01305, 3ao Paulo, SP, lowing address: Servei de Publicacions i Brazil." Information about communications Intercanvi Cientifica de la Universitat activities and research will be received Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barce- with .interest. Orders for books should go lano) Spain. to the 'Rua Bartira 387, CEP 05009, Sao PAPERS TO MOTE Paulo,, SP, Brazil, which is the address for Cortez Editora. 'Information for \Jhat Kind of Society," V; Roberta Astroff Herbert I. Schiller, in Current Research on Peach and Violence, vol. IV, no. 3,, 1981. PUBLICATIONS TO NOTE (Published quarterly by Tampere Peace Re- P.O. Box A47, 33101 development dialogue search Institute, Finland.) The most recent issue of the journal (1981: Tampere 10, Originally presented at the 1981 Edward R. 2) published by the Dag Hammarskjold Founda- , Murrow Symposium on New Communications Tech- tion, is devoted to a consideration of the nologies: Social and Ethical Issues, this new \fQrld' information and communication assumption "that if we're order. Published in cooperation with ILET paper examines the not careful, the new developments in com- (Insjtituto Latinoamericana de Estudios Trans- have unintended nacionales) in Mexico City, the issue in- munication technology may harmful impacts and conse- cludes articles by researchers such as: Juan and potentially ." This focus on the Somovia, Rafael Roncagliolo, Noreene Janus, quences in the future argues, shifts attention Fernapdo Reyes Matta, Gail Martin, and M. future, Schiller military-corporate relation- Patricia Hindley., The topics covered in- away from the been previously and are now clude- the implications of the microelec- ships that have developing, and tronics revolution; advertising and communi- the main force shaping, technologies. cations in the Third World; and, considera- applying communications the claim that these new tion^ of the prospects for the democratiza- Schiller contrasts will liberate the individual tion-of world communications. Copies of the technologies military surveil- issue can be obtained from ILET, (Apartado with the facts of global corporate control over 85-025, 10200 Mexico, D.F., Mexico), and the lance, of increasing of ties between war Dag"Jlammarskjbld Foundation, (Ovre Slotts- data and information, production, nexv communications technologies, gateii 2, S-752 20, Uppsala, Sweden). and mass media. Vlhile he recognizes that Marty Allor these new technologies will undoubtedly affect employment and living patterns, he An'alisi: Quaderns De Comunicacio, I Cultura suggests that the "basic relationships of A new journal devoted to a critical approach authority, ownership and hierarchy" will not to the study of mass communication and cul- change given the institutional context in ture,. Analisi is published by the Department V7hich these technologies have been inno- of the Theory of Communications in the vated. Schiller challenges communications Faculty of the Sciences of Information of and information workers to critically oppose the' Autonomous University of Barcelona. "the central sources of communications con- Issue number three includes a number of trol and distortion" by developing and dis- essays dealing with questions of social sig- seminating information on "the physical, nification in the media, such as: Un modelo structural, institutional bases of a system metO(}ologico para investigar los efectos of domination that operates through its socioculturales de los media' by Manuel impact on human consciousness." This is no Martfn Serrano, and, 'Por una sociosemiotica merely a suggestion for appropriate researc de los discursjs de la comunicacion de but rather a call for action. masas' by Jose Manuel Perez Tornero. Issue Eileen Meeban number four is entitled 'democracia fragil,' and Includes discussion of the role of the "A Critical Theory Approach," Richard L. media in the Moro affair in Italy, and a Lanigan with remarks on "Elements of a consideration of the relations between eco- Neo-Marxian Theory of Communication" by

page 6 Communication Perspectives

Rudolt L. Strobl, in Handbook of Political unionism. Arguing that "socialism is not Communication, Dan D. Nlmmo and Keith R. government o\jnership of the means of produc- Sanderg, eds., Sa^e Publications, 1931. tion," McDermott seems to follow the lines Political communication research by US schol- of DeLeon by advocating worker ownership and ars has held little of interest for most control of the means of production and dis- critical communication researchers. The tribution.. The book can be useful for indi- area has been dedicated mostly to studies of cating what capitalist media fall to present attitude change, per- to the public. electioneering, voting, ^^^g ^^^^^^ suasion, and propaganca. Of slightly greater interest has been research on agenda setting The Impact of the 1964 Revolution on Brazil- and gayernment-press relationships , but much ian Television , Sergio Mattos (V. Kllngen- of that has also been unreflective. Within smith Independent Publisher, San Antonio, TX the c|ij:rent Handbook, however, ±les an 1982). article that should be of considerable inter- Brazil's TV Gobo Network is "the fourth largest. Lanigan provides a cogent overview of est network in the world, 'topped in size the history of critical theory, characteriz- only by the three American giants,'" and ing its development in two phases: first in exports programs to 83 countries, including the formvlation of the Frankfurt School's the United States. Mattos, a doctoral can- attack on positivism and second In its cur- didate in the Department of Radio and TV at rent status as an empirical qualitative the University of Texas at Austin, draws approach to the study of communication, clear connections between the goals and ide- which ajiproach is grounded in the theory of ology of the Brazilian military government dialectical materialism. Strobl 's comments and the spectacular growth of Brazilian tele- on the work of Hund and Holzer are used. to vision. This ideology is based on the con- exemplify the research within this second cepts of national security and national de- phase of critical theory. Lanigan asserts velopment, where the former is defined as that dialectical materialism is "intimately the "guarantee of the achievement of the tied the theory and practice of human "to national objectives against internal or communication" since 'communication accounts external opposition," and the latter is seen for tl>e dialectic in society by which indi- in purely economic terms within a capitalist vidual persons constitute their conscious- structure. This led to the so-called "Bra- ness of a llved-world. . .by the practical zilian economic miracle" (1969-1974). The activity of speaking for themselves and military government ranked communications others in the emancipatory process of iden- high on its list of priorities, and used it tity^ an authentic social existence.'' to create a consumer society and to perpe- Lanigan argues for the combination of Haber- tuate the image of the military government. mas '; "approach to communication, speech act The rapid growth of Brazilian television was theory', and a hermeneutic phenomenology of both a direct and indirect result of this communication in order to better describe attitude. Despite TV Globo'a size, however, "the links between and across person/society, Mattos points out that this industrializa- speeQl^/consciousness, and social/personal tion was carried out with foreign capital, choice. He suggests that this synthesis so that Brazilian TV is highly dependent on would serve as a starting point for serious foreign advertisers, particularly the TNCs. study of the inherently political nature of This is an extremely interesting analysis of human communication. social change and communications in Latin • Eileen Meehan America, the second in a series by Mattos, whose study of the Peruvian experiment was BOOKS TO MOTE listed in our last issue. This monograph The Crisis in the Working Class and Some has a preface by Emile McAnany. for Labor btovement John Arguments a New , Roberta Astroff McDermott (Boston :South End Press, 1980 255 pp. $6). BOOK REVIEWS This briskly-written survey of the position of the working class indicts today's trade Communication and Social Structure; Critical

. 5

Corrmunioation Perspectives page 7

Studies, in Mass Media Research , edited by Halloran has been in the forefront of the

Emile G. McAnany , Jorge Schnitraan, and movement for a more relevant research iloreener Janus (Praeger HoXt-Saunders Ltd., agenda for many years. His analysis of New Yortc East Sussex, 1981. 341 pp.) 'conventional' research as opposed to 'cri- Until the very recent past, the dominant tical' research, as one aspect of the cur- media research model in the United States rent international debate, should prove has been based on the study of media effects especially valuable for the uninitiated. In on individuals. Communication and Social another chapter in this section? Josianne concise Structure , a collection of original contribu- JpuSt provides an exceptionally tions by authors from a variety of disci- review of the conceptual limits of radical plines and theoretical orientations, is a communications research. She offers a very welcome challenge to this model, and hope- lucid explanation of the materialist view fully it will redeive the recognition it of infrastructure and superstructure and deserves summarizes the major works of the spokesmen who have marked this debate. She also One of the problems with critical communi- echoes the call of Dallas Smythe for the cations research is that many works are development of conceptual tools to analyse either oriented primarily towards empirical the economics of mass media. research or else deal entirely with theoretical issues. All too few works are able to The second section of the book deals VTith achieve the happy marriage of both theory 'Critical Research Issues in US Mass Com- and empirical investigation. One of the munication.' Although the subjects treated merits of tliis book is that the different will be of particular interest to US com- texts, taken as a whole, pose pertinent ques- munications researchers, as long as the tions on communications theory and provide 'made in USA' model is still dominant they solid ejnpirical research on specific topics. will be relevant for other researchers around the globe. Timothy Haight and Laurie Ait^oug];! the variouis authors reflect differ- Weinstein provide a \;ell-documented and thor- ent currents within critical communications ough analysis of the possibility of 'Chang- research, they are united by a common set of ing Ideology on Television by Changing themes, which, as McAnany points out in the Telecommunications Policy.' In evaluating movement, which emerged in introduction, ' focus on social structure and the media reform social change and their relationship to mass the 60 's and was more or less unique to the communications.' All of the studies also United States, the authors conclude that 'its follow a basic premise: v;hat is usually at ability to make progress on the central issue stake is the survival of the deeply rooted of control of ideology is doubtful at best.'' economic structures of our mass communica- However, a suggestion is offered that pro- tion system. vides food for thought: creating technologies that are difficult to control as an The introduction identifies the four basic alternative to trying to democratize control themes as follows: The Relation between through the State. Social.' Theory and Empirical Research; Com- munication and Interest Groups; Economic In this section Armando Valdez also provides Structure and Communication Structure; and a very thought-provoking analysis of the Cultural Values in a Mass Communication economic context of US children's i;elevision. Society? For these interested in the 'state- After showing how television acts to teach of-the-rart' of communications theory, the children to be consummate consumers, he first section of the book, 'Communications points out that 'the children's television Tlieory and Critical Research/ provides an market is a microcosm of the entire social admirable summary of the subject. The thesis system." Like Haight and Weinstein, his of James Ilalloian, expressed in the first prognosis for future reform is not good. chapter, bears repeating: "The questions we He concludes by stating that '...the reform realistically ask ia [communications] research are indica- of television. . .cannot be tions of what we consider to be important or accomplished without fundamental change in problematic. They reflect our priorities, the economic system, the nation's prevail- ' i^ our values, and our concerns.... ing order, and the nation' s priorities. . page 8 Cornmunication Perspectives

neces- Unfortunately, the last section of the book countries, the most valid approach is economic. This work makes very Joes not really live up to its title: 'Criti- sarily a contribution to a discussion now cal Research Issues in International Communi- VTOrthwhile cation.' All of the articles focus almost taking place within critical communication exclusively on Latin America. The first circles on the "cultural imperialism" model as developed thus far. In the author's text, $i study of economic protectionism and placed Che film industry in Argentina does not opinion, too much emphasis has been really break any new ground. Likewise, the on cultural and ideological factors involved chapter on advertising in the era of the glo- in mass media domination, to the detriment bal corporation adds little to what has al- of concrete economic research. Hence, the ready bepn said by Schiller and Mattelart need for clarification and demystif ication several years ago. However, Ingrid Sarti's of analyses based on 'cultural imperialism."

critique of , the cultural dependency model as related, to communication In Latin America The first section of the book offers a theo- offers significant new Insights. Represent- retical treatment of the origin and function ing a relatively new current within critical of advertising in the United States, stress- communications research, she demonstrates ing its role in the dynamics of the North why the notion of people in developing coun- American economic system and its relation to tries a^ passive receivers should be rejected the mass media in general, the latter being in favor of an examination of the specificity viewed primarily as a means of providing of ideo^-ogical processes in Latin America. advertising channels for the producers of consumer goods. All in all, this is an excellent collection of well-documented articles, which After reviewing the major economic and ideo- should be read by anyone trying to familiar- logical theories on advertising, the author ize him/herself with the various aspects of arrives at the following conclusion: its the ongoing international communications de- basic function is to serve as a stimulus for bate, it is a breath of fresh air in a field increasing the rate of expansion of consumer usually dominated by studies which legitimize goods, necessary for the survival of the rather than challenge the present mass com- economic system. Therefore, when one reads munications systems. ^ that the mass media depend on advertising, , Colleen-i i Roachr, i what is actually meant is that they depend on consumer goods; likewise when one reads Publicidad, economia ccmunicacion masiva y that advertising depends on the mass media by Patricia. Arrlaga. Centro de Estudios what is really meant is that the production Economicos Sociales del Tercer Munco y of consumer goods depends on the mass media. (CEESTEM), Editorial Nueva Imagen, Sacramen- ^fc»i Kekico, 1980. 324 p. The second and third sections of the book TVi6 "Centro de Estudios Econ6micos y Sociales deal with the development and expansion of del Tercer Mundo" has published a number of the mass media in the United States. The studies on the role played by the mass media origins of the uniquely commercial media of in the development of Third World countries. the United States are traced back to the Publicldgd, economla y comunicaclon masiva earliest days of radio, when it was left in presents a critical perspective from the private hands and developed as a system for develo^iing world on advertising, economics the commercialization of radio products and and th6 !^ss media, with particular refer- as a means of meeting the electronic indus- ence toMexico and the United States. This try's need for expansion. •.;ork is especially interesting insofar as it focused: on the role played by the mass media The final section of the book analyses the in the overall functioning of the economic growth of advertising and the mass media in systems of the United States and dependent Mexico. In the author's opinion, the only Third Wprld countries. possible explanation for the similarity between the U.S. and Mexican mass media systems ,The author's point of departure is that in is the extremely Important role played by analyzing the dominant media system of the North American capital. The foreign firms United States and its effects on developing accounting for more than 70% of advertising

, ^

.r...

Communication Perspectives •0:1'"- page 9' expenditures in Mexico are primarily the same ideology and rhetoric in Swedish Advertising companies vjhich are major advertisers in the 1950-1980, norms and evaluations expressed' Unitec States. The author points out that in TV relations between economies and cul- although in "peripheral" countries advertis- tures, interpretation and understanding. injg also serves to expand the consumer goods raarket, it is "elitist" and not a "mass mar- Rita A. Atwood, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Radio- TV-Film, CMA 6.114; Univ. of T^xas, Austin, ket" as in the United States. ^ TX 78759 USA (512-471-4071). 'Interests: One of the points which is stressed in this theoretical and ideological debates in In- section, and indeed, throughout the book, is ternational-GQCununication research, role of that when US advertisers go abroad they do information and communication systems in so in search of profits and not; because of national development, individual informa- 'cultural imperialism" or ideological demina- tion seeking and use in situational con- tion. My own feeling is that this is a rather texts. Projects: several papers reporting simplistic assessment and that the author has data on how children repeat their situa- underestimated or misread some of the major tional realities of information seeking and writings dealing with various aspects of "cul- use during tv viewing; an overview of the tural imperialism. ' For example, the follow- state of intercul tural communications re- ing question is posed: 'Without falling into search; a study on minority student infor-

economic determinism in relation to the mass mation needs. . .. . -, .. .^ media, one may nonetheless ask "Are there any existing societies which are influenced Eduardo Contreras Budge, Ph.D., . or dominated culturally but not economi- CIESPAL (Centro Internacional de Estudios Am:€rica cally?"' I honestly do not believe that any Superiores de Comunicaci6n para (Sue' 7)', Quito, communications researcher would sustain the Latina) , Apartado 8926 contrary. Finally, I could not help but Ecuador, in charge of designing and dictat- feel that the author's criticism of the "cul- ing courses and workshops on communication tural imperialism" model runs the risk of research for Latin American faculty from 'thirowing the baby out with the bath water!' communication schopls. Interests: appropri- Nonetheless, the work's merits far outweigh ate alternative research and evaluation its possible faults. It represents an excel- methodg for coijnnunlcatlqn projects; radio lent Third World perspective on the question and NFE; alternative and^pbpi^^r communica- Pro- • Am'erl ca of media domination and hopefully some of its t Ion ; NI ICO is su'e^ Irl Laxin . more polemical aspects will be taken up by jects; member of Chasqui 's Editorial Board researchers around the globe. (CIESPAL' s journal); descriptive study on 27 radiophonic education schools in the region Colleen Roach (in press) . DIRECTORY ADaUlOHS Peter G. Cook, Grad. Student, Dept. of Com- In response to our questionnaire in past munication, Simon Fraser Univ., ^urnaby, ideolo- issues of Communication Perspectives , the B.C., V5A 1S6, Canada. Interests: following readers have sent information about gical, political and economic aspects of their positions, addresses, permanent addresses covmnn±cat±ov\ media; research and social movem^nd&r Pro- (if different) , general research interests, change; nuclear protest and specific projects in order to facilitate .jects: MA thesis topic: The concept of the sharing of information among communication 'balance" in the regulation of television researchers. content in Canada.

of Soci- Gunnar Andr^n, Researcher, Centre for Ifeiss Giro Marcondes Filho, Ph.D., Prof, Communication Research and Department of ology and Communications, Univ., of Sao Philosophy, University of Stockholm, 106 '91 Paulo, Rua Plinio de riorais 380 Ap. 4 CEP Stockholm, Sweden. Interests: eplsteraology 01252 Sio Paulo, Brazil, 'interests: mass methodology, content analysis, hermeneutics media and neurosis; manipulation of the concepts of objectivity, culture, ideology, dreams and fantasy in capitalism; psychical theology, theories of culture, ethics, norma- determinants of the political behavior; tive rhetoric, advertising, TV. Projects: politization of the culture; countercommunt- cation; political publicity of fascism.

page 10 Communiaatio-n Perspectives

News ; Interest Groups, the Media , :iuhluddin Haider, Ph.D., Sch. for Interna- Television and Pluralism ; The Insidious Effects of Ob- tional Training, Kipling Rd. , Brattleboro, preparation). Media Power Vermont 05301 USA. Intefests: development jectivity (rass. in Robert M. communication, diffusion of innovations, orr Politics" (Free Press, 1981, with Entman),. ganizational communications. Projects: devel- , opmen't communication training. N. Bhaskara Rao, Dir., Operations Research Centre, Vasant Vihar, New Uilliam Hankfey' Asst.f Prof ..^ '202 Williams Hall,; Group, 33 Community India. Interests: impact and. eval- , Delhi-57, Miami Univ. .O'xford, Ohio :A 50516 USA. Inte^yr, , ests: communication law and regulation. Pro- uation studies, media infrastructure and or- jects: study of federal preemption of state ganizations, future studies on mass media, support, political communication, obscenity Idw. . development in the context of conflict resolution and methodology. Pro- Josiane! 'Jouet , Sr. Lect., Sch. of Journalism, communications research Univ. of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, jects: futures (2001) s,tudy on mass media in Kenya'; Interests: mass media and development, India, communication/mass media research Marxist communication theory.' Project: mass studies in India, collected review, national communication and state control in Kenya. leadership study, family planning communication studies, migration and urban develop-

Paula Kassell, Assoc. Ed., New Directions for ment and communication. .-

Women , P.O. Box 27, Dover, ^IJ 07801 USA. In- terests: feminist media, estjeclally print Gertrude J. Robinson, Dir.^ Graduate Program University, 815 media suth as feminist' periodicals , interna- in Communications, McGill tional cdmmunications systems for women's Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A Interests: international news news. Attivlties: planning and implementing i 2K6 Canada. Womei^''s News-'Intet-fiational (news exchange) flow, news agencies, popular culture, compar- through- an Itlternatlohil committee started at ative analysis of socialist and western the international wotneh's' conference in media, Canadian broadcasting regyiation. )'' .^• Copenhapjen, 1980.' ' Marcene Eileen Root, Advanced Grad. Student, Dept., Ann Arbor, Luiz Gbnzaga Motjta, Ph.D. , CIESPAL, Apartadc Univ. of Michigan, Sociology 48104 USA. 8926 (Sue. 7) ,'<)|;ito, Ecuadon. r Interests: MI. .921 Mary, Ann Arbor, Michigan use • Interests: production, maintenance, and communication policy and planning, NIICO : issues in Latitt America, :p61itical economy of of ideology by social claps; social movement mass communication, press and politics. Ac- theory; applied and participatory research. tivities: designing and dictating courses and Projects: dissertation on ideology and action workshops on communication planning for Latin in local opposition to federal housing pro- American faculty from communication schools. jects; research on consciousness^ raising in a university field work coursd setting; assess- Sharon M. Murphy, Assoc- Prof., Head, Journal- ment of women's experiences in drug treatment:

ism Graduate Studies, Sch. of Journalism, mortgage lending patterns in Philadelphia. . Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL 62901

, International USA. Interests: international, intercultural Anne S. Runyan, Ph.D. Cand . communication, roles and images of women and Relations, The American University, Washing- rlnorities in mass media. Projects: Inter - ton, DC, USA. 11307-102 Avenue, Edmonton,

, Canada. Interests: femin- national 'Perspectives on News , symposium pro- Alberta T5K 0P6 ceedings (with Er^^7in Atwood, Stuart Bullion), ist theory and activism; feminist utopianism, ":omen in journalism history, oral histories intentional community building and organizing of minority women journalists. from a decentralist communication perspectiye as a strategy to end capitalist patriarchy David L. Paletz, Prof., Dept. of Political and create socialist feminism. Projects: Science, Duke Univ., 214 Perkins Library, Dur- analyzing the value feminist theory and ham, NC 27706 USA. Interests: political com- feminist Utopian fiction, non-fiction, and munication particularly the relationship be- experimentation have with respect to proposing tween authority and the mass media. Projects: alternative solutions to global problems; The Pehtagoh and the Press ; Political Women on active in feminist organizations. ,

:: :

Cormruni cation Perspectives page 11

Jose Steinsleger, Editor, Chasqui , journal of health care system for frail elders (fin-

CIESPAL- Andean correspondent, Cuadernos del ished) ; communication and technology (book

Tercer Mundo . Apartado 2610, Quito, Ecuador. in Spanish, in process); developing the Interest: communications technology iss les in division of technological studies at Inter- Third World. national Research Associates.

M. Isabel Valdes-A, Lect., Div. of Family Harold D. Weaver, Dir., Third-World Moving Medicine, Stanford Sch. of Medicine, Stanford Images Project; Vis. Prof., Smith College. Univ., and Div. of Technological Studies, P.O. Box 119, Amherst, Massachusetts 01004 International Research Associates. P.O. Box USA. Interests: international communica- 9087, Stauford, California 94305 USA. Inter- tions, Third-World resistance to cultural ests: communication and development, tech- imperialism. Projects: New World Informa- nology transfer, h'ealth communications /the tion Order, African cinema of contestation, ideological apparatuses, theory of change. American coverage of Soviet training pro- Projects: evaluation study of an alternative grams for Africa, Paul Robeson biography.

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f — — '\^^ - 'l^»'i.^U.'*^/'ty*»T_ op Communication /^ Perspectives ^ ^ VOL. IV, NO. 4 JANUARY 1983

APOLOGIA BLACKSMITHS IN THE BOOTH? We apologize for the long lapse of time be- The ranks of many locals of the Interna- tween the last issue of CP (volume IV, no. tional Alliance of Theatrical and Stage 3; March 1982) and this one. The summer of Employees (lATSE) are being thinned by the 1982 brought a lot of sudden changes, some, elimination of projectionists in motion rather unexpected, which made it difficult picture theaters. The point was ruefully to produce CP. In particular, we've almost brought home to five Illinois locals this all moved (see our new addresses in People July when Wehrenberg Theaters bought out on the Move). Consequently, we have been the midwest holdings of the Mann Theaters working on strategies to coordihate efforts chain and fired the union projectionists across distances. We appreciate your with no notice. Managers were given the patience, understanding, and support as we projectionists' jobs. go through these growing pains. We believe Historically, such actions would have that C^ plays an important r6le in develop- prompted walkouts at Wehrenbergs' heavily ing networks among critical doifmiuni cations unionized St. Louis theaters. But appar- researchers. We fully intend to continue ently, lATSE is gradually letting go of in this effort. Hope you enjjoy this issue its control of theater booths in the face please send new material for the next issue "' of increasing automation via platter film by April 1. 1983.|- ^^ Editorial Board transport systems and low-maintainance and Editorial Associates xenon projection lamps^. The erosion of union strength is most evident in the COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES smaller markets. At the biannual lATSE convention in July, 1982, union president Editorial Board: Walter Diehl could only suggest that pro- Thomas Guback (U, of Illinois) jectionists displaced by automation seek Marty Allor (U. of New Hampshire) employment in the larger markets such as Eileen Meehan (U. of Iowa) Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles. Fred Fejes (Wayne State U.) Jennifer Slack (Purdue U.),, . However, recent trends seem to indicate that the lATSE.is in trouble in these Issue Editors: Eileen Meehan; Fred Fejes areas as well. New York Local 306 recently Editorial Associates: signed a six year contract that provided Janet Wasko (Temple U.) Carla Heath no cost of living raises for the first five Sara Douglas Roberta Astrof years. The New York projectionists were Mike Nielsen Tom Streeter apparently happy to have turned back a management demand for roving projection-

Please send all correspondence to: ' ists who would be responsible for the COMMUNICATION PERSPECTIVES booths in separate theater locations. Such Institute of Communications Research an arrangement has already been accepted by

222B Armory Building'- • northern California locals,- where union University of Illinois projectionists now set up automated sys- 505 East Armory Avenue tems, "push the button," and move on to Champaign, Illinois 61820 USA another, location in another part of town. Even more ominous is the report from Los Yearly subscription: US, $3; foreign sur- Angeles of a prototype video projection face mail, $3 or 4 international Postage theater that receives its high definition Reply Coupons, or $5 for air mail. We do television signal sattelite. not' have billing facilities. via The projectionists' skill is highly ;

page 2 Communication Perspeotivea

specialized and job displacement often means COMFERENCE REPORTS great personal tragedy for the workers and BUILDING DEMOCRATIC COMMUNICATIONS IN their families. You are urged to remain PHILADELPHIA aware of any union job actions against thea- The First National Critical Communications ters In your area and support the workers In Conference and General Meeting of the Union their attempts to maintain their small slice for Democratic Communications (UDC) was of the billion dollar motion picture pie. held at the International House in Philadel- Mike Nielsen phia, November 12-14 th. The conference was based on the theme, "Building Democratic THE MEDIA INSTITUTE: HOW WELL IS THE PUBLIC Communications," and attracted nearly 200 SERVED? participants from the United States, Canada CP's mailbox has recently been filled with and Mexico. The UDC was formed nearly two material from the Media Institute (3017 M years ago and has grown to Include over 200 St NW, Washington DC , 20007) which describes members and seven working chapters around Itself as "a tax-exempt, non-profit research the country. foundation, working to encourage more analytic, comprehensive and balanced news coverage The conference program Included eleven work- of business and economic affairs." With shops and several informal meetings. These annual dues ranging from $5000 and above for Included (along with the workshop coordina- patrons to $25-499 for associates, the Media tors) ; Labor and Media (Vlnny Mosco) ; Al- Institute attempts to "encourage and promote ternative Media Production and Distribution the development of knowledge and understand- (DeeDee Halleck) ; International Communica- ing of American media and communications" tions Policy (Oscar Gandy) ; Media Education

(SerafIna Bathrick) ; Alternative Uses of through Its sponsorship of "research. . .periodicals, conferences, and a business/media Computing (Karen Paulsell) ; Alternative and luncheon series In Washington." It does this Critical Media Use in the Third World (Manjl by selling and renting videotapes, such as Pendakur) ; Structure of Media Information Voice of America at the Crossroads; A Panel Industries (Tom Guback) ; Building Democra- Discussion on the Appropriate Role of the tic Communications Theory (Tim Halght) VGA which features current and past VGA offi- Political Continuation (informal discussion cials. It also sells transcripts of luncheon led by Media Network staff); and Pirate Radio. speeches such as the address by a vice presi- Many media presentations were also exhibited dent of Mobil Oil on "The Corporate/Press during the conference, including many pro- Relationship" or another by a corporate vice duced by UDC members. An especially impor- president of Kaiser Aluminum on "Trial by tant documentary, HOME ON THE RANGE, was Television" or by the chairman of presiden- screened Saturday evening, followed by a dis- tial economic advisors on "Economic Policy- cussion with the filmmaker, Gil Serine. The making in the Reagan Administration." Some film is about the American military presence of the research reports currently being dis- in Australia and its impact on Australian seminated by the Media Institute include TV politics. Coverage of the Oil Crisis; How Well Was Other events at the conference Included an the Public Served? , which can be safely summarized as concluding that insufficient cor- opening session with comments from Tim porate propaganda was the primary problem Halght and DeeDee Halleck, followed by a with that news coverage, or Television Even- reception hosted by local communications ing News Covers Nuclear Energy; A Ten Year schools. Welcomes were added by Dean Robert Smith of the School of Communications and Perspective , which is described as concluding that insufficient information is pro- Theater at Temple University, and Dean vided for "a rational assessment" especially George Gerbner, of the Annenberg School of due to the "anti-nuclear bias in coverage." Communications at the University of Pennsyl- Despite its slick promotional material and vania . its air of 'scientific objectivity' the The business meeting of the UDC was held on Media Institute is clearly another front Sunday morning, with reports and proposals organization for US capitalist/imperialist from each workshop and discussion of vari- interests. „^, „ .. , Eileen R. Meehan ous UDC activities and priorities. Sugges- tions were made for task groups, expansion Communiaation Perspectives page 3

'" of NEWfeAND NOTES (ttie'newsletter for the or- by North Americans or vice versa. publicity, as well ganization), and increased Perhaps one of the most positive outcomes of or- as organizational affiliations and other the conference was that participants learned to dues, ganizational matters pertaining by- of organizations that have been formed to laws-^ -etc. represent the interests of critical scholars A new Steering Committee was elected which and activists in the different regions. includes Oscar Gandy, TimHaight, DeeDee Members of the Brazilian organization INTER- Halleck, Bob Jacobson, Noreene Janus, Vinny COM, the Association of Latin American Com- - Mosco, Karen Paulsell, Larry Shore. Janet munications Researchers (ALAIC) the Asso- Wasko was elected coordinator, and Oscar ciation of Mexican Communications Researchers (AMIC) and the U.S. Union for Democratic Gandy, ' treasiirer. Communications (UDC) described the goals and that the conference Most participants agreed purposes of their groups. It was discovered providing an oppor- was a successful event, that the organizations have a great deal to tunity for media educators, researchers, pro- share both in participating in common efforts ducers and activists to come together and (such as sending representatives to each share ideas and work. The event also was otbers' conferences) and in informing each successful in contributing to the UDC treasury, other of lessons learned in attempts to form '^r allowing better coordination and administra- associations of this type. tion of future UDC activities, The conference was sponsored by the Institute A list of participants at the conference will Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales '• soon be available, and audio tapes of some of (ILET), and the Institute of Latin American the workshops may be available soon. For Studies and the College of Communication at information and details of the workshops, con- the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Emile tact the Workshop coordinators. For further McAnany, of the Department of Radio, Tele- informatiort about the conference of UDC, con- vision and Film at the University of Texas, tact: Janet Wasko, Dept. of Radio-TV-Film, and his graduate students and colleagues Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. hosted and made arrangements for the , confer- Janet Wasko ence. For information contact: Rafael Roncaglioio, Director of the Division of COMFERENCE ON "TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNICATION Communication Studies, ILET, Apartado Postal Al'ID CULTURE'' 85-025, 10200 Mexico D.F. Mexico. The "Transnational Communication and Culture" conference was held at the University of Texas Anna Zornosa

' .at ' Austin on June 2nd through 5th. The pur- lAtlCR MARKS 25TH ANNIVERSARY pose of the conference was to provide progres- The 13th General Assembly and Scientific sive Latin American and U.S. communication Conference of the International Association researchers an opportunity to discuss communi- for Mass Communication Research celebrated cation issues affecting both hemispheres. that organization's 25th anniversary in i Specifically, papers focused oti the political Paris, September 6-10, 1982. As in previous economy of communication, and' the limits meetings, numerous workshops, roundtables, Transnational Corporations impose on communi- section meetings, and plenary meetings gave • cations Activities both in this country and conference participants an excellent oppor- in Latin Merica. tunity to exchange ideas and to debate re- papers is available from :., The , conference, attended by approximately search. A list of > thirty- five people, from different U.S. and lAMCR and particular titles can be ordered Latin American institutions, was divided into for a nominal fee. Of particular Interest panels covering five topics: Cultural Indus-, was the meetings of the political economy Advertising section and the international section^ as twites; as a Global Phenomenon; ^^ the Material Base of Transnational Culture; well as the working session of the ln;fprma- Economic an^ Social Impacts of New Technology; tics group and round table di.S,dusgi.OJfi,^ on and Democratic Alternatives in Communication. communication in the Americas and the state Two or three papers were delivered during each of communication research in the U.S. To 'panel. Dialogue was fostered by having a -communicate some of the flavor of .%\\e work Latin American discussant for papers delivered done at the lAMCR conference, we have taken page 4 Cormtuniaation Perspectives the liberty of excerpting the following from in the public debate and the civil society the report on the Political Economy section comparing experiences from different parts prepared by Robin Cheesman and Anker Brink of the world. These themes will be the Lund and circulated in the official report of guidelines for the work in the Political the conference: Economy section in the next couple of years while preparing for the next conference in At the Caracas conference Lin 1980], active 1984. and enthusiastic members of the section for- mulated two main themes for the work of the For further information regarding that con- section until and during the Paris confer- ference, which will be held in Prague from ence: What is the relationship between either the 19th or 20th of August to either theoretical and empirical work in the devel- the 24th or 25th of August and will center opment of a political economy of mass commun- on the theme "Social Communication and Global icaition? —what are the material conditions Problems," as V7ell as for membership infor- for democracy in communication? These ques- mation and further information of papers tions were explored through five papers pre- given in Paris, contact: Mrs. Peggy Gray, sented during the section meeting in Paris. lAiMCR, 104 Regent Road, Leicester LEI 7LT, Zoltan Jakab from the Mass Communication England. For information about the Politi-

Center in Budapest s Hungary, introduced his cal Economy Section, contact Robin Cheesman, paper entitled "On the Mssing Link between Media Studies, Roskilde Universitetscenter, the Theory of Communications and the Theory Postbox 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. For of Economics." Kauko Pietila from the information about the International Section, Research Institute for Social Sciences at contact Breda Pavlic, University of Ljubli- the University of Tampere, Finland, spoke on ana. Faculty of Sociology, Political Science, the relations between communications theory and Journalism, Titova Cesta 102, 61000 and political theory based on his paper 'Mass Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. For more details on Communication and Politics: Information and the informatics group, contact Cees Hamelink, Participation." Jan Ekecrantz and Hakan 123 Burgemeester Hogguerstratt, 1064CL Lindhoff presented a research-note on the Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Swedish part of the international press project from, the University of Sundsvall docu- CALL FOR PAPERS menting the pre-history of the so-called — CRITICAL ARTS, A JOURI-TAL FOR MEDIA STUDIES information society "Newspaper Society.'' dedicated to the critical analysis of per- Vincent Mosco from Temple University, Phila- formance and communication media in the Third delphia, PA, USA, talked about the informa- World, seeks contributions; to a forthcoming tion society of today calling for more atten- issue to be entitled "Popular Culture and tion on empirical data concerning the use of Performance in Africa.' information technology in the workplace. Mosco 's paper was entitled 'Ferment in the The journal encourages articles which ques- Information Society." Finally, Roque farone tion the ideological assumptions underlying from Agence France Presse pr,esented his established modes of interpretation. It paper "The Reproduction of Ideology in Inter- prefers approaches focusing on the sets of national News' based on examples from Agence conditions and relations which produce per- France Presse. It is not easy to sum up the formances and texts, rather than on textual vivid debate following these papers and pre- analysis itself. Among the questions to be sentations. Many questions vjere raised on addressed in this issue are: definitions of the relation between different levels of popular and working class culture, ideologi- theory and on methods for empirical strength- cal problems in cultural analysis, artist/ ening of a materialist communications theory. audience relationships and qualities of par- In particular we discussed the necessity to ticipation, the social effect and autonomy reviev/ old practices and norms in an effort of popular culture, the value of class to prepare researchers and the public at analysis and other structural concepts in large for the new trends in political economy. cultural analysis. Also we debated at some length the conse- Contributions which present fresh theoreti- quences and causes for deprivatisation of cal and methodological perspectives are public m.ass media and the tendencies of decay especially welcome, as are analyses of forms Communication Perspectives page 5

of African popular culture that relate them A separate title page should include to the social, historical, political, and (a) title of the manuscript, (b) biographi- economic conditions from which they emerge. cal information for the author(s), and In linking popular culture with critical (c) any necessary credits. A second separ- social theory, the journal promotes the ate page should include the title and a development of unified frameworks for the single paragraph abstract of no more than study of communication in the context of 100 words. Manuscripts should be type- African experience. written and double-spaced, with footnotes and references on separate sheets, immedi- Submissions should be sent to: Professor ately following the narrative. Since manu- David Copland, Guest Editor, Critical Arts , scripts will be reviewed anonymously, any Program in Comparative History, Ideas and affiliation or reference which might iden- Culture, Box 210, State University of New tify the author(s) should be eliminated York - College at Old Westbury, Mew York, NY prior to submission. Send all manuscripts 11568 USA. The deadline is March 1, 1983. to: Robert K. Avery, Editor, CSMS , Uni- Further information and sample copies ($2.50) versity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 are available from the above address. USA. CRITICAL STUDIES IN MASS COMMUNICATION SECOND CONFERENCE ON POPULAR CULTURE IN was created to provide a forum for the publi- ,, LATIN AMERICA cation of cross-disciplinary research which Nev; Mexico State University, Las Cruces and represents a wJ,de range of scholarly orien- the University of Minnesota, Morris will tations and methodological approaches. co-sponsor a two-day conference on popular "Critical Studies'" is defined in the broadest culture in Latin America on November 8-10, possible sense, and includes, but is not 1983 at Las Cruces, New ^Nexico. We are necessarily limited to, the following: soliciting papers on any aspect of the studies of the evolution, organization, con- creation, production, content, distribution, trol, economics, administration, and tecVino- and consumption of popular culture, i.e., logical innovations of mass communication some aspect of culture which is consumed by systems: studies of the form and structure significant numbers of people. We are also of mass media content (particularly those interested in papers on new approaches and which draw upon and contribute to anthropo- methodologies to the study of Latin Ameri- logical, literary, dramatic and rhetorical can popular culture. Papers presented at theories) : studies concerning the relation- the conference will be considered for pub- ship between culture and mass communication; lication in the annual journal. Studies in , and studies which illustrate or analyze mass Latin American Popular Culture . Please media criticism. The journal will seek to submit a 250-word abstract of your proposed encourage the development of new theoretical paper as soon as possible to: Harold Hinds and methodological orientations which con- Division of Social Sciences, University of tribute to our understanding of mass communi- Minnesota, Morris, im 56267 USA, "(612) 589- cation processes and important issues facing 2211 or (612) 589-4753, and Charles Tatum media practitioners, policy makers, media Department of Foreign Languages, New Mexico consumers, and academic researchers. Manu- State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA, scripts may contribute original research (505) 646-2942. data, provide an analysis of an existing body of literature, or advance new theoreti- I'TEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR CRITICAL COt^lUNICATION cal arguments. It is expected that each RESEARCHERS ?? contribution will, in its o^-m way, make a As evidenced by the publication of the new critical statement. journal Critical Studies in tfass Communica-

tions (see above) , the Speech Communication Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance Association (SCA) , the oldest, largest and v;ith specifications outlined in The Publica- most eclectic communication research associ- tion T'lanual of the American Psychological ation in the United States, has recently Association and submitted in triplicate. The become more interested and open to critically author should retain the original, as manu- oriented approaches to communication research scripts cannot be returned without an accom- and issues. At the last SCA convention in panying self-addressed, stamped envelope. Louisville in November, a number of papers page 6 Communication Perspectives employing" and /oY'clis cussing a critical per- Third World and First World women. Panels,

spective were presented • Among thera't.7ere workshops and roundtable discussions will papers by Horace Newcomb (University of be organized around the themes of Coloniza- Texas-Austin) discussing a materialist tion and Resistance, Third World Women: approach to popular culture; Eileen Meehan Images and Realities, and International (University of Iowa) dealing with a redefini- Women's Movements. A number of conference tion of the audience as coimnodity and Deborah panels will be dealing with the representa- Peterson (Southern Illinois University) ana- tion of women in popular cultute, Third

Women ^ women lyzing corporate ' support of the arts. (See World and cinematic discourse Papers to Note section for additional details and language, and literacy, education and on the Meehan and Peterson papers) i The ideology. Among the participants ^^nd paper next SGA convention will be held in Washing- presenters are women from Egypt, India, Peru, ton DC, November 10-13. Currently SCA is France, Brazil and Japan. For further infor- soliciting paper proposals for this conven- mation, contact Chandra Talpade Mohanty or tion. Critical communication researchers Anne Russo, Conference Coordinatots, Office should seriously consider the possibility of for Women's Resources and Services, 346 . presenting a paper at SCA. Moreover, a Fred H. Turner Student Services Buildings number of SCA divisions should be of particu- 610 East John, Champaign, IL 61820 USA, lar interest. Below are listed the names of (217) 333-3137. - these divisions along with the names of the ELEVENTH ANNUAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY individuals for the to whom paper proposals RESEARCH CONFERENCE upcoming SCA should be sent. Paper proposals will be held April 24-27, 1983 in Annapolis, are due by February 18. An abstract is suf- Maryland, The Conference brings together ficient, although the Mass Communications researchers from the social sciences, tco- Division requires an abstract and three nomics, engineering, computer s,cience, the copies of the complete paper suitable for law, and communications with policy makers blind review. Mass Communication Division: from the public and private sectors. The Charles Bantz, Department of Speech-Communi- Conference provides invited participants cation, 317 Folv7ell Hall, University of with the opportunity to discuss, current and Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Black prospective research on domestic and inter- Causus: Carolyn Calloway-Thomas, Department national telecommunications and information of Speech Communication, Indiana University, issues. For more information contact: Bloomington, IN 47405 USA; Caucus on Gay and Professor Vincent Mosco,. Department of Radio- Lesbian Concerns: James W. Chesebro, Depart- TV-Film, School of Communications and ment of Communication Arts and Sciences, Theater, Temple University, Philadelphia, Queans College, Flushing, NY 11367 USA; PA 19122 USA. Wom.en's Caucus: Christine Oravec, Department of Communication, University of Utah, Salt FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE" ON CULTURE Lake City, UT 84112 USA; Commission on Inter- MB COMMUNI CATI OHS national and Intercultural Communication: will be held at the Bellevue Stratford Hotel Young Y. Kim, Governors State University, in Philadelphia, March 24-26, 1983. The Park Forest South, IL 60466 USA. conference is an interdisciplinary meeting featuring 70 paper-presentation sessions on FORTHCOMING' EVEMTS Communication Theory, Research Methdology and Philosophy of Social Science; Government, FEMINISM AND THIRD NORLD WOMEN Industry and Culture- Communication and The conference "Common Differences; Third Ideology; Mass Media and Acculturation; and World Women and Feminist Perspectives'' will Art as Cultural Artifact. In the past this be held at the University of Illinois at conference has served both as a forum and Urbana-Champaign, April 9-13, 1983. The meeting place for critical communication main goal of the conference is to provide a researchers. This year a number of panels forum v/here World issues pertaining to Third and papers will be presented that will be women can be discussed particularly in rela- of interest to critical scholars. For nore tion to the recent developments in feminist information and a copy of the program write: theory. The conference also seeks .to encour- Dr. Sari Thomas, Director, Conference on age ongoing dialogue between and criticisms Culture and Communication, Department of Communiaation Perspectives page 7

Radio-Television-Film, Temple University, Volume 1 include: "Mexican Popular Cinema Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. of the 1970's: How Popular Was It?,'' "Sport After Revolution; A Comparative MARXIST CONFERENCE IN ILLINOIS Study of Cuba and Nicaragua,'' "The Develop- a institute and an international Both teaching ment of the Telenovela [Soap Opera] as the the theme of "Marxism conference devoted to Pre-Eminent Form of Popular Culture in of Culture'' will be and the Interpretation Brazil,'' 'Chistes [jokes] and Caricaturas of Illinois, Champaign- held at the University [Cartoons] in the Mexican-American Press, Urbana during July. For more June and Los Angeles, 1926-1927," ''Saloons, Masked detailed information see page-length Balls and the Gossip Press;. Three Aspects printed announcement elsewhere in this issue. of Creole Culture in Nineteenth-Century Santiago de Chile," and ''Mexican Popular NE" AND CURRENT JOURMALS Culture and the Tradition of Musica Popular

STUDIES IN LATIN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE , in the City of Veracruz." Volume 1982 has just been published. 1, Anyone interested in subscribing to Studies Edited by Harold E. Hinds, Jr. and Charles in Latin American Popular Culture should Tatum, the English-language journal is an write Charles Tatum, Department of Foreign annual publication devoted the study of to Languages, New Mexico State University, Las all aspects of popular culture in Latin Amer- Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA. ica, and solicits contributions from all scholarly disciplines. By popular culture WOI-IEN AND LANGUAGE NEWS seeks to further the editors mean some aspect of culture which research, teaching, and intelligent discus- is accepted by or consumed by significant sion of policy in the field of women and numbers of people. Acceptance or consumption language. WLN reports books, journals, may take the form of (1) widely held arti- articles, and research in progress; identi- facts, symbols, beliefs, and myths, or (2) fies courses, conferences, and other events direct participation as a viewer of, reader relevant to the study of language and gender; of, listener to, or some other sensory re- and communicates observations and informa- sponse to some aspect of popular culture. tion from national and international sources. The editors are also interested in essays It also serves as a clearing-house for which focus on the production and distribu- updates on work-in-progress, conference tion of popular culture, offer new methodo- planning, news items, language samples, book logical approaches to its study, explore the reviews, etc. Occasionally, signed contri- introduction into Latin America, and the con- butions on topics of special interest are sumption there of foreign popular culture, or also featured. An interdisciplinary news- place Latin American popular culture in an letter, WLN draws upon research in anthro- international or cross-cultural perspective. pology, communications, linguistics^ sociology, philosophy, psychology, journalism, Aside from scholarly articles, the journal library science, literature, women's studies, will also publish interviews with those and other fields. For information, contact: involved in the creation, manufacture, adver- Cher is Kramarae and Paula A. Treichler, tising, distribution and consumption of editors. Women and Language News , 244 popular culture. And one section of the Lincoln Kail, University of Illinois, 702 S. journal will be devoted to review book essays. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Subscrip- These will not only critically review and tions are $5 US or $6 outside of US for briefly summarize the items reviewed, but three issues per year. also reflect on their larger significance for popular culture studies, including RESET - NOTES ON ALTERNATE COMPUTING is a future research possibilities. newsletter devoted to examining and discussing the alternative political applications Volume 1, approximately 300 pages long, con- of microcomputers. Edited by Mike McCullough tains works from such diverse fields as of the New York UDC, Reset is geared toward political science, sociology, communications individuals who are actively interested studies, cinema apd film studies, anthropology;and/or engaged in the use of new microcom- Spanish, history, literature, music, and art puter technology for progressive goals. history. Representative articles from Reset; in the words of Mike, vjill appear at page 8 Communication PePspeativ^W

"unpredictable and hopefully brief intervals introduction and update on the debate c More ^^rlth varied news and ideas about alternate importantly, for those who don't read Span- computing." Although there is no subscrip- ish, it includes translations, and adapta- .; tion price, contributions in the forms of tions of work by Latin American researchers articles, news and/or production assistance such as Juan Somavia, Gregorio Selser and are most welcome. Cash contributions are Rafael Roncagliolo. For subscription and also warmly welcomed. Due to limited single issue order information, contact resources, Mike asks that only individuals NACLA at 151 W. 19th St., New York, NY with an active interest in alternate micro- 10011 USA. cr -puting should ask to be on the mailing list. Contact: Mike McCullough, 90 East" PAPERS TO MOTE 7th Street, Apt. 3A, New NY 10009 USA. York, 'CABLE OWNERSHIP PATTERNS AND ECONOMIC CRITICAL ARTS is a radical journal that ANALYSIS; POLICY-MAKERS BEWARE, ' Robert focuses on Third V/orld media published by E. Babe. Ottawa: Robert E, Babe Associates, the Critical Arts Study Group at the Univer- 1982. Paper prepared for the 10th Annual sity of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and dis- Telecommunications Policy Research Confer- tributed by the Critical Study Group at ence, Annapolis, MD Rhodes University. Critical Arts "aims to liJhen he spoke at the recent Telecommunica- challenge the existing social structure and tions Policy Research Conference, to refute social relations which govern the status quo,;. the nonsense being dispensed by FCC econo- orientation of South Africa's media institu- mists determined to prove the virtues of tions." Recent articles include "'No God, media concentration, Robert Babe touched No Morality, No History' : South African more than a few nerves. Now, on reading Ethnographic Film"; Class and Ideology: his spoken words condensed into print, I Reflections in South Cinema' ; "Black African understand why so many economists in the Housing, Ideology Media in South and the audience were writhing in their seats. How Africa 1970-1979" and others. Six back dare this person call himself an "economist!" issues are available and others are in preparation. Write to Critical Arts ,"' c/o Keyan Babe's paper revolves around the central Tomaselli, Dept. of Journalistr. and Media topic of cable television ownership, but Studies, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, its theme and method carry it into the Grahamstown 6140, South Africa. (See also realms of mythology, political theory, Call for Papers.) critical communications, and, in a totally reflective vein, economics. His is a swift CRITICAL STUDIES IN MASS COMMUNICATIONS is and mortal blow directed at the "deregula- currently accepting papers ^ although appar- tionists." If you buy his arguments— that ently not yet accepting subscriptions. While "microeconomic analysis is an inconsistent, not specifically critical in the sense of a illogical and ambiguous mode of thought," critical, materialist to approach communica- and that "the information industries produce tion research, editor Robert Avery is quite outputs that arc not amenable to quantita- interested in work materialist/marxist rang- tive measurement"— then not much of current ing from institutional studies to cultural debate on regulation makes sense. As an analyses. For a reprint of CSMS ' s descrip- active policymaker myself, I agree com- tion-, see New And Current Journals in this pletely with Babe. issue of CP. For further information, or to submit work, contact; Robert K. Avery, Babe's handling of this theme is always easily understandable— is he really an Critical Studies in Mass Communications , Department of Communications, University of economist? — and, on many occasions in this Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. 20-page paper, literally poetic. Maybe this is all obvious to those who commonly NACLA: FJilPORT ON THE AMERICAS dwell in the land of utility curves and The July/August 1982 issue of the journal supply-and-demand , that "to ignore, or published by the North American Congress on assume away as unimportant, the qualitative Latin (vol. XVI America no. 4) contains a aspects of information, to 'commoditize' in- special section entitled 'Toward a NeviT^ Infor- J«-'^-' formation and value it only in accordance "' mation Order." It is a well considered . —

Communicatton Perspectives page 9

T'JHAT YOU GET? WHO DECIDES with price, is at best simplistic and par- "WHO DECIDES tial/' But how pleasant to have this WHAT YOU ARE?'- Eileen Meehan, Division of declaimer emphasized by this contrasting Broadcasting and Film, 102 Old Armory, Uni- lA 52242 USA. quote: 'The mind is its own place, and in versity of Iowa, Iowa City, 68th annual SCA Con- itself can make a heav'n of hell, a hell of Paper prepared for the heav'n." (John Milton, Paradise Lost) This vention, Louisville, KY, 1982. is a delightful and useful essay, good to On the same SCA panel as Peterson, Meehan have on hand when FCC chairmen and other explores the notion of the audience as a dubious celebrities drop by. Share it with commodity through an analysis of the eco- your favorite neoclassical economist of nomic relationships within the ratings indus- information and watch the tears begin to try. Arguing that measurement practices flow. Or revel in its meter. are shaped by the same constraints as other practices cost ef fee- One question: where has Babe been all this forms of production — . time, when we've needed him? Where is he tiveness, struggles for market control, now, and what new insights is he uncovering? manipulation of differences in demand, etc. this paper goes on to sketch the conditions Robert Jacobson in the ratings industry that have shaped "CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP OF THE ARTS; TEXACO the selection of measurement practices and AND THE METROPOLITAN,'' Deborah Peterson, thereby subtly shaped the definition of the Southern Illinois University. Carbondale, audience. The paper illuminates the differ- IL 62901 USA. Paper prepared for the 68th ences between the audience as a commodity annual SCA Convention, Louisville, KY, 1982. and the viewer ship of any particular program.

As part of the SCA panel entitled ''Who BOOKS TO NOTE Decides T,/hat You Get.'' this paper examines EVOLUTION, STRUCTURE the subtle dynamics of corporate control of THE GROUP OF 77: , P. Sauvant (Oceana Publi- arts programming via sponsorship, Peterson ORGANIZATION , Karl elucidates this process through a detailed cations: Dobbs Ferry, New York, NY, 1981, WITHOUT examination of the Texaco Oil Company's 232 pp., $22.50) and THE THIRD WORLD long-lived sponsorship of radio broadcasts SUPERPOWERS: THE COLLECTED DOCL^MENTS OF THE P. as above, 6 of the Metropolitan Opera Company in the USc GROUP OF 77 , Karl Sauvant Peterson analyzes the business reasons for volumes @ $50/volume) Texaco 's 'good citizenships' by tracing the Since its inception in 1964, the Group of 77 from its company's image problems resulting has served as the principal organ of the > pro-Nazi activities and by identifying highly Third World for articulating and promoting attractive demographic subgroups within the its collective economic interest. In doing audience for opera. Beyond this, the paper so, the Group has shaped large parts of the examines the effects of corporate control international economic program of the Third over arts programming and reveals some unex- World. However, the Group, now numbering pected consequences in terms of content con- 125, is neither a permanent body nor a for- trol as well as the technical quality of mal institution. As such, it is a complex broadcasts. Perhaps more expected are the multi-centered entity. Thus, Sauvant 's consequences of corporate control on the analysis of the Group and its ability to structure of and the personnel employed by build consensus and maintain unity is rather the organization coordinating the opera significant. Supplementing this analysis broadcasts. Although, this particular paper, is a series of volumes presenting the rele- which is excerpted from a larger study, vant documents, which had originally been deals with a single example of the arts being prepared by the Group for impending negotia- dependent on corporate largesse, the impli- tions. Clearly, Sauvant has assembled a cations of this paper seem especially impor- notable collection of materials, augmenting tant at a time when such 'private" sponsor- that accomplishment by his analysis of the ship is being v;idely touted as the curative Group itself. for chronic underfunding of the arts in the US. page 10 Communication Perspectives

BOOK REVIEWS Schiller's book is useful and Informative in a number of ways. For one, it under- TELEMATICS AND GOVEPMIENT, Daniel Schiller mines a number of commonly held assumptions. (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1982) For example- by illustrating how federal At least since the early part of this century, regulations help establish and maintain the the federal government and the major US cor- power of today's corporate communications porations have been getting into bed with empires, the book thoroughly deflates the each other on a regular basis. AT&T, Westing- common image of corporate businessmen as house, Western Union, GE, ,arid their fellow independent entrepreneurial spirits oper- corporate behemoths have become accustomed ating free of government assistance. to negotiating, lobbying, bargaining, and Secondly, Schiller makes some interesting other>/ise dealing with Congress, antitrust observations about the, nature of current enforcers, and the FCC in order to shape developments. He convincingly argues, for regulations to further their profit-driven, example, that the current rhetoric about centralizing interests. While quarrels competition is misleading. ''Although com- between the various parties have not been petition is frequently a byproduct," he rare, strife has always been temporary and. writes," the policies are not changed in,' resolvable' by and large, relations between pursuit of competition per se —but rather, the US government and the corporate communi7 only in pursuit of the advanced, integrated, cations giants have been '"all in the family." economical services which transnational cor- The role these relations have played in the porate users demand," (150) Similarly, the gradual merging of data processing and tele- current penchant for defining information communications is chronicled by Daniel as a resource or commodity will likely lead

Schiller in Telematics and Government . Al- to restrictions on public access to impor- though useful as a resource, the book is tant and useful data, partccularly in- limited as a work of critical research. government, Schiller's most interesting

observations 5 however, are probably those Drawing largely on records from hearings and concerning the multinationalization of cor- other federal proceedings, the book details porate telematics, Schiller demonstrates how how major regulatory developments, from the the current loosening of regulatory barriers, "Above 890" Decision of 1957 to the recent particular Ijr those on AT&T, will serve to Bell antitrust consent decree, have served turn the American corporate giants loose two related processes: the gradual inter- on the international telematics market. and intro-corporate merging of telecommuni- Current domestic policy changes, therefore, cations and computer facilities, and the will help the industry extend its dominance concurrent expansion of thoroughly private - of telematics both between and within coun- control of^ those facilities. In tracing this tries the world over. process, Schiller's basic concern is this: "It is not 'technology' that is being freed These developments, Schiller argues, are to develop as rapidly as possible, but tech- both momentous and threatening: 'The truly nology in private hands." (p. 215) vital and encompassing issues raised by rapid integration of telematics into the Part One of the book focuses on domestic pol- conduct of our entire social life as a icy developments. Covering such diverse people have been mainly framed and addressed events as the Caterfone decision, the' first and, perhaps, resolved in terms of private and second computer inquiries, and the major corporate strategy, and not public good,.. the satellite rule-makings, Schiller effectively sweeping change that is upon us, adds up to demonstrates how policy trends as a whole a transformation of the entire economic serve corporate demands for control and inte- base of the United States," (95) This gration in telematics at the expense of could be true. But the current developments foreign institutions, both private and public. could also be continuations of past trends. Part Three illustrates the role policy devel- By failing to explore the historical con- opments have played in cultivating the text of recent events, Schiller offers us government itself as a market for private no way of discovering which possibility is interests, often to the detriment of govern- more likely. Certainly, the decisive influ- ment institutions, particularly the Postal ence of corporations on policymaking has Service, s .1

Communications Perspectives page 1 been more the rule than the exception since however, the book is limited. It remains regulation of the communications industry too much within the confines of dominant began in the 1920s, The formation of COMSAT definitions of the telematics industry, in the 1960s, for example, closely resembles limiting the extent to which it success- the formation RCA as a government legitimated fully calls that industry into question. monopoly at the end of Wi/I. Moreover, the Tom Streeter arguments used to justify this current round of privately controlled economic and techno- INDEPENDENT TELEVISION IN BRITAIN . Vol. 1: logical developments are not new. A similar ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION , 1946-62. Bernard mixture of references to the marketplace and Sendall (London: Macmillan, 1982) economic and military 'threats" from abroad This book is the first of three volumes regulatory proceedings can be found in the which will trace the history of commercial A supporter of the status quo of the 1920s. television in Britain. It deals V7ith the Schiller arguing that regu- could counter by "origin and foundation'' of the system be- lation for the "public good" has not been tween the years 19A6 and 1962. During this assumption in the eroded; the dominant policy period three main phases can be identified; US has always been that private interests first , the campaign to break the BBC mono- public good, and in that coincide with the poly of broadcasting; second, the period nothing changed. While that sense, has from the opening of the service in 1955 to policy assumption could be challenged, the end of 1956 in which financial collapse Schiller does not do so. was a constant threat: and, finally, the By neglecting the historical context and by period covered by the remainder of the book failing to attack the assumptions underlying when profitability reached such heights that policy discourse, therefore, Schiller takes Roy Thompson, then Chairman of Scottisih the bite out of his critical stance. If Television, could make his now legendary the current developments are simply continua- statement that the possession of one of che tions of already established trends instead contracts to supply programs was "...just of the dramatic shifts he implies, then the like having a license to print your own urgency he ascribes to his findings appears money." (p. 150) "priva- hollow. US policy has alvjays been Sendall has provided a valuable account of notion of tized." Schiller's unexplicated these phases and includes material not pub- regulation for the "public good," therefore, lished elsewhere. As such the book is an lacks any historical precedent. The notion important contribution to the history of is too vague to be helpful. broadcasting in Britain. The author is ^jell l\fhat we are left with, therefore, is a story qualified to write this history since from of corporate strategizing and industrial 1955 to 1977 he was Deputy Director General struggles over pie-sharing in the policy of the Independent Television Authority arena. While interesting, this story by (ITA; and later IBA) — the organization that itself has little if any politically criti- supervises the activities of the program cal impact. It's hardly a revelation to supplying companies. It is with this per- point out that policy debate is just one spective that he sets about describing the more theater for private inter-corporate development of Independent Television (ITV) struggles and decision-making. The same We should not, therefore, be surprised that Insight can be found in, say, the trade press ,the book concentrates on the structure of or in mainstream technocratic research such the system and the policy decisions that had as works of the Harvard Program on Informa- to be made by the ITA in its allocation of tion Technologies and Public Policy. The contracts to the individual program compan- details of the cozy family relations between ies. The book is very much ITV as viewed the communications industry and the regulatoryby a senior executive of the controlling apparatus are interesting, but by themselves authority. they do those relations. little to undermine However, while this personal involvement and In sum. Telematics and Government is a use- inside knowledge is a strength of Sendall' ful resource for critical researchers. As account, they also seem to have led tc its an example of critical research itself. weakness. The book must be read as a more page 12 Communication Perspectives

or less official' history written in opposi- communication studies. In its new catalogue, tion to the usual explanation for the break- Ablex has announced a number of additions ing of the BBC monopoly. The commonly held to its list of books of interest to criti-

view is that it was the result of the actions cal scholars . . Among them are Beyond Agenda of a self interested pressure group formed by Setting: Information Subsidies and Public a small number of Members of Parliament from Policy by Oscar Candy- Finance and Infor- the Conservative Party ably supported by some mation: A Study of Converging Interest's of the large advertising agencies and other by Cees Kamelink; Politics as Communication sectors of British industry. Asa Briggs, in by Robert G. Meadow; The Social Control of the fourth volume of his History of Broad- Mass Coftmiunication by James Miller; The casting in the United Kingdom, declares that Critical Communications Review (2 volumes) this "...is an explanation which will not do." edited by Vincent Mosco and Janet Wasko;' (p. 426) But by this Briggs means only that Pushbutton Fantasies: Critical Perspectives it is an inadequate characterization of a com- on Videotext and Information Technology by plex process which involved many factors. He Vincent Mosco; Telematics and Government does not mean that we should ignore the im- by Daniel Schiller; Film Industries in portance of economic factors. Unfortunately, Latin America: Dependency and Development this is what Sendall sometimes seems to do. by Jorge Schnitman; Communication Technolo- gies and Society by Jennifer Daryl Slack; the Perhaps he goes too far in downplayinp The Ideology of Information edited by role of the business community in supporting Jennifer Slack and Fred Fejes; Independence , He is the lobby for commercial television. Liberation and Revolution: An Approach to he dismisses certainly too hasty in the way the Third World by Tran Van Dinh; and Movies the importance of interlocking directorships and Money: Financing the American Film and between the various program companies Industry by Janet Wasko. For ordering in- other sectors of British industry, (p. 189) formation write Ablex, 355 Chestnut Street, And, while he may be correct in dismissing Norwood, NJ 07648 USA. crude "conspiracy theory" explanations of the events which led to the end of the BBC Another publishing firm that has special- monopoly, he cannot hope to produce an ade- ized in critical works on communications is quate history of commercial television in International General. Aside from putting Britain if the analysis is not based on the out that famous Mattelart and Dorfman study fact that the Independent Television Compan- of Disney comics that nearly gave Tinkerbell Donald Duck: Imperi - ies are commercial organizations whose deci- a stroke ( How to Read , Inter- sions are made within the parameters set by alist Ideology in the Disney Comic ) aimed the need to maintain profitability. Sendall 's national General has a list of works and work failure to address adequately issues of owner- at integrating communication issues based ship and cotitrol is a serious shortcoming in into the larger context of Marxist Chief an othervjise useful book. scholarship and political activity. Com- Duncan H. Brown among them is the two volume anthology munication and Class Struggle edited by PUBLISHERS TO NOTE Armand Mattelart and Seth Siegelaub. This As professional researchers, we are all aware x^7ork, the second volume of which has just that getting one's work published is not an come out, contains numerous articles, easy task, particularly if you are approach- essays, documents and excerpted passages ing important issues and research questions from a large number of diverse sources, think- from a non-traditional angle. Fortunately all of which elucidate basic marxist there are a couple of publishing ^irms special- ing about the communication process. Also izing in communications that are playing im- International General is publishing the portant roles in publishing works by critical immensely useful reference work Marxism and communication scholars. Foremost among them the Mass Media: Towards a Basic Bibliography is Ablex Publishing Corporation of Norwood, (7 volumes) which provide an annotated New Jersey. As part of its Communication and bibliography of past and current marxist Information Science Series, edited by Mel studies on all aspects of communication. and Engels Voigt, Ablex has published a number of works Other publications include Marx Baxan- important to the expanding field of critical on Literature and Art edited by Lee dall and Stefan Morawski; and Marx and Engels . "

Cormnmioation Perspectives page 13 on the Means of Communication edited by Yves University of Iowa, 102 Old Armory, Iowa de la Haye. Currently, volumes in prepara- City, lA 52242 USA. A third Board member, tion include Films and Politics: Towards an Jennifer Slack, has left the University of Michigan to join the Department of Communi- International Left Bibliography , edited by Andre Paquet; A World Bibliography of Left cations at Purdue University, Heavllon Hall, Writings on Photography, Typography, Design W. Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. and Posters edited by Bert Hogenkamp: Ide- ology, Culture, Consciousness, Communication DIRECTORY ADDITIONS and Knowledge: A Lexicon of Left Concepts Patricia Arriaga, Researcher, Camino Sta. and Sources edited by Seth Siegelaub; and Teresa 945, Tlalpan 14010, Mexico DF Mexico; Political Struggle and the Mass Portugal: (905) 568-9481. Interests: political econ- Media by Fernando Perrone, omy of mass communications and telecommuni- We are happy to know that there are publishers cations. Projects: economics of mass media; like Ablex and International General who have cultural industries; the cultural commodity. of played a crucial role in the development Mira Binford, Ph.D. candidate at Univ. of our field. Also, if any of our readers have Wisconsin-Madison; 2536 Gregory Street, possi- information or experiences about the Madison, WI 53711 USA. Interests: mass media bilities other publishing outlets they at in national development; national cinemas would like to share, please drop us a line and state film policy; film in international Perspectives. at Communication trade and culture; government film; Indian cinema: international film festivals. Pro- ACADErnC BRIEFS jects: "India's New Cinema: The Unlikely

From the Red Feather Institute, Route 1, Development of a ' Counter-Cinema. Livermore, CO 80536, USA, two papers by T. R. Marjorie Bowens-Wheatley , Program Research Young are now available free to CP subscri- Coordinator, TOMM-TV (PBS-af filiate) , 1505 bers: ''Information, Ideology, and Political Newton Street, NW, #609, Washington, DC 20010 Reality" as well as "The Structure of Demo- USA, Interests: international development cratic Communication." support communication; comparative mass media and social change; In the Journal of International Affairs , systems; communications available from Columbia University, Box 4, minority audience research; qualitative International Affairs Building, New York, OT approaches in audience research; images of 10027, USA, for $5 (US currency, outside of women In the media; instructional media for US, add $1.50 for shipping), an article by global education; cultural dependency. Pro- Revo- Oliver Boyd-Barrett , "Western News Agencies jects: US press coverage of the Grenada and the 'Media Imperialism' Debate: What Kind lution, 1979-1980; guide to teaching inter- of Data Base?" national development through film; ethnic sterotypes and 'mass culture' in US dramatic PEOPLE ON THE MOVE television programming.

Anna Zornosa has moved to Washington DC where Stanley Deetz, Assoc. Prof, of Speech Com- she will continue to be active in critical munication, Southern Illinois University, research and the UDC. Bob Jacobson is pur- Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Interests: ide- suing similar activities but at the Assembly ology in interpersonal and organizational Office of Research, 1100 J Street— Suite 525, communication systems; worker participation Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Also in California models. Projects: foundations and procedures is Kusum Singh, v7ho has joined the faculty at for critical research in organizations. the Department of Communication, St. Mary's Kenneth R. Donow, Writer/Editor (free-lance), College of California, Moraga, CA 94574 USA. 21 Paterson Avenue, Elmwood Park, NJ 07407 Two members of the CP Editorial Board have USA. Interests: computer communications net- also changed academic homes Allor has —Marty works; transborder data flow; international travelled east to the Department of Theater finance; industrial policy. Projects: ethics and Communications, M-211 P.C.A.C, University of information technology transfer, informa- of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA, and tion sovereignty, computer communications Eileen Meehan has moved five hours west to networks (book in process) the Division of Broadcasting and Film at the : — page 14 ' Cormuniaation Perspect-ives

Robert Jacobson, Consultant, Telecommunica- migration and urban development and communi- tions Policy, Assembly Office of Research, cation. 1100 J Street, Suite 535, Sacramento, CA Catharine B, Rice, Master's student at Annen- 95814 USA. Interests: telecommunications berg School of Communications, 232 South policymaking and policy implementation; world 46th, Apt. 1, Philadelphia, PA 19139 USA. system and structure. Projects: documenting Interests: information campaigns: attitudes my experiences as an active participant in beliefs and behavior; mass communication the telecomm. policy process. new technologies, ideologies and social

Klaus Bruhn Jensen, Teaching Asst. , Dept. of change; mass communication and education. English, Univ. of Aarhus, Denmark. Die Robert Rubinyi, Ph.D. student, Univ. of Roemers Gade 94, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Wisconsin-Madison, Box 639, Communication Interests: news media, esp. TV; public Arts Dept., Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inter- access; semiology and qualitative content ests: use of new telecommunications tech- analysis; economics of the media. Projects: nologies by community /non-prof it organiza- economic reporting in American TV news. tions. Projects: currently examining the N. Bhaskara Rao, Ph.D., Director, Operations use of microcomputers by community groups Research Group, leading management and social including determination of information science research organisation and biggest and needs of organizations. pioneer research organisation in the field of Kusum Singh (Ms.), Assoc. Prof, of Communi- mass media and communication, 33 Community cations, Saint Mary's College of California, Centre Vasant Vihar, New Delhi - 57 India Moraga, CA 94575 USA. Interests: demo- [E-140 East Kailash, New Delhi - 110 065 cratic communication through non-iredia, as India]. Interests: impact and evaluation well as media channels. Projects: community studies; media infrastructure and organisa- communication in different kinds and sizes tions; future studies on mass media; develop- of comijiunities; international communication ment support; political communication; in the and the proposed "New World Communication context of conflict resolution and communica- Order;'' connections between communication, tion research methodology. Projects: future leadership, and planning. (2001) study on mass media i'n. India, communication/mass media research studies in India, collected review, national leadership study, family planning communication studies.

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