Kultivierungshypothese (Cultivation Hypothesis)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kultivierungshypothese (Cultivation Hypothesis) Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Ingo Lehmann; Hans Jürgen Wulff Kultivierungshypothese (cultivation hypothesis). Eine Bibliographie 2003 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/12740 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Lehmann, Ingo; Wulff, Hans Jürgen: Kultivierungshypothese (cultivation hypothesis). Eine Bibliographie. Hamburg: Universität Hamburg, Institut für Germanistik 2003 (Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere 12). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/12740. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: http://berichte.derwulff.de/0012_03.pdf Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0/ Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0/ License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Medienwissenschaft / Hamburg: Berichte und Papiere 12, 2003: Kultivierungshypothese / Cultivation Hypothesis. ISSN 1613-7477. Redaktion und Copyright dieser Ausgabe: Ingo Lehmann u. Hans J. Wulff. Letzte Änderung der Bibliographie: 18. Dezember 1999. URL der Hamburger Ausgabe: .http://www1.uni-hamburg.de/Medien/berichte/arbeiten/0012_03.pdf. Inhalt: Ingo Lehmann / Hans J. Wulff: Kultivierungshypothese Kultivierungshypothese: Eine Bibliographie. Komp. v. Hans J. Wulff Ingo Lehmann / Hans J. Wulff: gen der „Cultural Indicators Research Group“ wurde Kultivierungshypothese (cultivation eine eigene Methodik etabliert: (1) In einem zwei- stufigen Verfahren erfolgte zunächst die möglichst hypothesis) umfangreiche Untersuchung der im Fernsehen dar- gebotenen Realität (message system analysis) hin- Im Rahmen der Medienwirkungsforschung von dem sichtlich geographischer, demographischer und the- Kommunikationswissenschaftler George S. Gerbner matischer Strukturen, unter Berücksichtigung räum- und der Annenberg School of Communication, Phil- licher und zeitlicher Dimensionen. Diese Daten wur- adelphia, seit Ende der 1960er Jahre entwickelte den auf die Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, den Beruf, das Theorie, nach welcher eine nachhaltige Einflussnah- Schicksal sowie die Handlungen und Haltungen der me durch das Fernsehen und die in den Programmen Akteure bezogen. (2) Den zweiten Schritt stellt die vermittelten Inhalte auf das Weltbild des Rezipienten eigentliche „Kultivierungsanalyse“ (cultivation ana- angenommen wird. Dem Fernsehen kommt nach lysis) dar – die erfassten markanten Merkmale der Gerbner und seinen Kollegen neben der Familie und „Fernsehwelt“ werden mit den Einstellungen von dem Freundeskreis die Rolle des Sozialisationsagen- Rezipienten verglichen, um so den Grad eines mög- ten unseres Zeitalters zu. Es ist demnach das ent- lichen „Kultivierungs-Effekts“ zu ermitteln. Gerbner scheidende Massenmedium der modernen (US-ame- ging hier von der Prämisse aus, dass sich mit stei- rikanischen) Industriegesellschaft, welches aufgrund gendem Fernsehkonsum die Wahrnehmung und die seiner allgegenwärtigen Verfügbarkeit, seiner Grundhaltung der Rezipienten gemäß dem verzerr- scheinbaren Realitätsnähe sowie der Kohärenz der ten Bild von der Wirklichkeit, wie es das Fernsehen transportierten Botschaften zur Formung eines kol- zeichnet, verändern. Ein dritter Schritt der Analyse, lektiven Bewusstseins in der Kultur beiträgt. Als ein der den beiden genannten vorgeschaltet ist, ist die schichten- und altersübergreifendes Ritual dient der Untersuchung der Selektionsprozesse, an deren Ende Fernsehkonsum Gerbner zufolge in der heutigen sä- die Nachrichten und Inhalte stehen, die tatsächlich kularisierten Gesellschaft geradezu als Religionser- von Fernsehveranstaltern distribuiert werden (insti- satz. Entsprechend interessiert sich die Kultivie- tutional process analysis). rungsforschung nicht für Effekte einzelner Sendun- gen oder Gattungen, für stilistische Eigenheiten oder Im Zuge der bis in die frühen 1980er Jahre erstellten ästhetische Qualitäten, sondern für langfristige Ef- „violence profiles“ konnte die Gerbner-Gruppe mit- fekte, die das Gesamtprogramm im Verhalten und in tels der Inhaltsanalyse (inklusive der Errechnung des Einstellungen von Zuschauern entfaltet. „Gewaltindexes“ und der „Risikoquote“) einerseits einen – im Verhältnis zu dem in der Realität tatsäch- Grundsätzlich grenzt sich dieser Ansatz bewusst von lich existenten – übermäßig hohen Anteil gezeigter herkömmlichen, bis dato in der Medienwirkungsfor- und thematisierter Gewalt in Fernsehprogrammen schung üblichen Kategorien wie „Effekt“ bzw. „Ein- nachweisen; andererseits ergaben Fragebogen-Erhe- fluß“ (impact) ab, mittels derer eine unmittelbare, bungen sowie die Auswertung anderer Untersuchun- also kurzfristige Wirkung des Mediums angedeutet gen (des „National Opinion Research Center“ bzw. worden war. Ausgehend von einer Studie über die des „Center for Political Studies“ an der University Präsenz und den Einfluss medialer Gewaltdarstellun- of Michigan), dass Vielseher im Gegensatz zu We- Kultivierungshypothese / Cultivation Hypothesis // Medienwissenschaft/Hamburg, 12, 2003 /// 2 nigsehern die Alltagsrealität für gewalttätiger halten, mäßigten öffentlichen Meinung eine Nivellierung er- als sie in Wirklichkeit ist. Gleichzeitig zeichneten fahren. Zur Ermittlung dieses Effekts wurden bspw. sich erstere laut den Umfrageergebnissen durch eine Wenigseher- bzw. Vielseherantworten aus unter- größere Angst vor Gewalt und durch Misstrauen ge- schiedlichen politischen Lagern untereinander ver- genüber den Mitmenschen aus. Die Gruppe der Viel- glichen. Bei der Auswertung ergaben sich bei den seher reagierte also eher mit „Fernsehantworten“, Wenigsehern viel größere Einstellungsdivergenzen wohingegen die Wenigseher sich in ihrem Antwort- als bei den Vielsehern. Die Resonanz-Annahme da- verhalten mehr an der Realität orientierten. Aus der gegen besagt, dass eine Botschaft des Fernsehens, Differenz der Prozentanteile der Vielseher und der die mit einer durch die Alltagserfahrung geprägten Wenigseher, die eine „Fernsehantwort“ gaben, wur- Einstellung des Rezipienten übereinstimmt, die Kul- de das „cultivation differential“ errechnet – als Indi- tivierungseffekte zusätzlich verstärkt; stimmen sie kator für das Ausmaß der Verzerrung des Weltbildes nicht überein, schwächen sich auch die Effekte ab. durch den Fernsehkonsum. Aus diesen Ergebnissen Allerdings werden oft konvergierende (also: verstär- leiteten Gerbner et al. eine direkte Beziehung zwi- kende) Programme selektiert. schen Sehdauer und Beeinflussungsintensität ab, die sich v.a. in der bei Vielsehern häufig auftretenden All diese Ergänzungen zur K. verweisen gemäß „erbärmliche Welt“ – Einstellung, einer generell pes- Gerbner deutlich auf die machterhaltende und -stabi- simistisch-misanthropen Haltung äußere. lisierende Funktion des kommerziellen amerikani- schen Fernsehens, welches, auch aus ökonomischen In den Folgejahren erweiterte und differenzierte sich Beweggründen, im Sinne einer politisch-weltan- das Forschungsgebiet, und es wurden in zahlreichen schaulichen Sozialisation die konservative Haltung Studien im Umfeld der Annenberg School auch an- des Durchschnittsbürgers propagiere, um so die brei- dere Themenfelder und Zusammenhänge Gegen- te Basis der Bevölkerung zu erreichen. stand von Untersuchungen, wie z. B. der Umgang mit dem Alter, politische Inhalte, Täter-Opfer-Kon- Seit Beginn der 1980er Jahre erfuhren die K. sowie stellationen, Drogen-Konsum oder Sexualität. Auch die Forschung der Annenberg School insgesamt eine wurde das Modell in zahlreichen nicht-amerikani- vehemente Kritik durch andere Wissenschaftler, und schen Mediensystemen mit weitestgehend überein- das Gerbnersche Konzept ist bis heute Gegenstand stimmenden Befunden angewendet. Im Anschluss an einer lebendigen Diskussion. Für besondere Auf- die zunächst dominante Inhalts- und Einstellungs- merksamkeit sorgte die Kontoverse zwischen dem analyse wurde die entsprechende Kultivierung der Gerbner-Team und Paul M. Hirsch, der, obwohl er präsentierten Werte und Normen auf Seiten des Re- den Ansatz prinzipiell für wichtig befand, insbeson- zipienten erforscht. Diese Öffnung im Ansatz der dere die methodische Vorgehensweise in Frage stell- „Vielseherforschung“ ging mit der Weiterentwick- te. Darüber hinaus zweifelte er die Grundannahmen lung der methodischen Praxis und des theoretischen und Ergebnisse der Annenberg School an und suchte Konzepts einher. Es wurden erstmalig die schon ge- deren Hauptargumente systematisch zu entkräften. festigte Haltungen und die Realitätserfahrung der Ein Hauptvorwurf richtete sich gegen Gerbners ver- Zuschauer mit in die Überlegungen einbezogen. einfachende und somit die Ergebnisse verfälschende Eine Beeinflussung der Einstellung des Zuschauers Aufteilung der Rezipienten in Viel- und Wenigseher durch die „Fernsehwelt“ bereits voraussetzend, dif- – Kategorien, die gleichfalls definitorisch unscharf ferenzierten einige Zusatzhypothesen zum Mainstre- verwendet würden. Nach Einführung der zusätzli- aming und zur Resonanz (resonance) besondere Ten- chen Gruppen der Nicht- und Extremseher sowie un- denzen und Ausrichtungen der medialen Einfluss- ter Berücksichtigung entscheidender personenspezi- nahme. Das Konzept des Mainstreaming beschreibt fischer Drittvariablen (Bildungsgrad, soziales Um- einen konvergierenden Effekt des Fernsehens, der feld, Geschlecht
Recommended publications
  • MEDIA REPORT Changing Perceptions Through Television, the Rise of Social Media and Our Media Adventure in the Last Decade 2008 - 2018
    KONDA MEDIA REPORT Changing Perceptions Through Television, The Rise of Social Media and Our Media Adventure in the Last Decade 2008 - 2018 November 2019 KONDA Lifestyle Survey 2018 2 / 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 2. CHANGING PERCEPTIONS THROUGH TELEVISION AND OUR DECENNIAL MEDIA ADVENTURE .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Relations with Technology / Internet Perception / Concern About Social Media ......... 7 2.2. Trust in Television News ................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Closed World Perception and Echo Chamber............................................................... 19 2.4. The State of Being a Television Society and Changing Perceptions ........................... 20 2.5. Our Changing World Perception Based on the Cultivation Theory .............................. 22 3. SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE IN THE LAST DECADE ............................................................. 27 4. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 29 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 31 6. RESEARCH ID .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultivation Theory
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: A Arts & Humanities - Psychology Volume 15 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X All you Need to Know About: The Cultivation Theory By Eman Mosharafa City University of New York, United States Introduction- In this paper, the researcher comprehensively examines the cultivation theory. Conceptualized by George Gerbner in the 1960s and 1970s, the theory has been questioned with every media technological development. In the last six decades, the mass communication field witnessed the propagation of cable, satellite, video games and most recently social media. So far, the theory seems to have survived by continuous adjustment and refinement. Since 2000, over 125 studies have endorsed the theory, which points out to its ability to adapt to a constantly changing media environment. This research discusses the theory since its inception, its growth and expansion, and the future prospects for it. In the first section of the paper, an overview is given on the premises/founding concepts of the theory. Next is a presentation of the added components to the theory and their development over the last sex decades including: The cultivation analysis, the conceptual dimensions, types and measurement of cultivation, and the occurrence of cultivation across the borders. GJHSS-A Classification : FOR Code: 130205p AllyouNeedtoKnowAboutTheCultivationTheory Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Eman Mosharafa. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication Theory
    Larry Gross Fall 2018 June 27, 2018 Communication 525: Social Scientific Approaches to Human Communication Theory Tuesday 9:30 am - 12:20 pm/ KER 202 Course Requirements Student Participation: Besides the usual energetic engagement in class discussion, every student will post a commentary on the week’s assigned readings on Blackboard before 7 pm each Weds . Midterm Writing Assignment: The midterm assignment will cover the lecture and readings from weeks 1-7, approximately. This is a take-home assignment [approximately 8-10 pages]. Final Writing Assignment: The final writing assignment will cover the last half of the course and will have the same structure as the midterm. The exam will be distributed the last day of class and be due one week later. Course Paper: The course paper will be a research proposal that addresses a question which grows out of some aspect of the readings/class discussions. En route to development of your proposal and after the midterm, we will devote much of the 3rd hour each week to a discussion of your topics and proposals. Comm 525 Fall 2018 COURSE LECTURE AND READING TOPICS 1. August 21: Nothing Never Happens 1. Edward Hall, The Silent Language [Anchor books, 1959], Chapters 3 [The vocabulary of culture], 4 [The Major Triad], 5 [Culture is Communication], & Appendix II, pp. 33-101, 186-194. 2. Larry Gross, “Modes of communication and the acquisition of symbolic competence,” David Olson, ed. Media and Symbols: The Forms of Expression, Communication and Education, [NSSE, 1974], pp. 56-80. 3. James Carey, “A cultural approach to communication,” Communication and Culture [Unwin Hyman, 1989], pp.36.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Implications of Heavy Television Viewing
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 124,917 CS 202 807 AUTHOR Jackscn-Beeck, Marilyn. TITLE Political Implications of Heavy TeleVision Viewing. PUB DATE 76 NOTE 27p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting Of the Association for Education in Journali.m (College Park, Maryland, August 1976) Tr PRICE "/' .MF-$0.8.3 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage.- RIBTORS Behavioral Sdience Research; *Cdnformity; Educational Background; *Mass Media; National Surveys; *PolitiCal Attitudes; *Public Opinion; Racial Factors; Social Change; *Television Viewing ABSTRACT This,,paper empirically evaluates the propositionthat pcl ical conformisml specifically structural, passive, I logical, and defensive conforMiss, isa function of exposure to mass media. Secondry analysis of data from the National Opinion Research Center's 1975 General SociAl Survey revealeda significant relationship between TV viewing and.conlormiSm.The 484 heavy viewers were less active and interested in political affairs and hadgreater apprehension in regard to' interpersonal and. nationalrelations than did the 650 light viewers. However, education weakenedthe correlation between viewing and passive andpsychological co' ormity, .and in the small nonwhite samplenone of the four aspects were related to television viewing. Therewas no support'for the 'hypothesis that heavy viewers generallyapprove existing-politica policies. In fact, the heavy viewers favoredmore government action to change social structure than did light.viewers.Researchers suggest lore,attention to routine television vi- Ias a variable in political attic
    [Show full text]
  • The Critical Contribution of George Gerbner
    98 JOHN A. LENT that away because of some misplaced claim of ideological puritanism simply throws away the best political, social, academic, and intellectual tool we have. All in all, I think communication studies as a systematic critical exercise is be­ coming more centrally located than ever before. The key question we should ask is not what is respectable to do, what has been successful, what the leaders in the 6 field have done, but simply, Is it right? Does it make any real difference? Would the world be any different if I didn't do it? The Critical Contribution of George Gerbner MICHAEL MORGAN For a dozen years, from a modestly staffed war room in Philadelphia, a quiet-spoken, self­ possessed man from Hungary has been chronicling the collision of two colossi and explain­ ing the impact of one on the other. The two colossi are the world of television and the world of reality. ~Philadelphia Bulletin Sunday Magazine, February 24, 1980 Hungarians Think the Darndest Things. -Headline, New York Times Book Review, January 24 1993 What Is "Critical"? It is extremely appropriate for the work of George Gerbner to be featured in a vol­ ume devoted to critical thinkers in communication. There is a hint of irony in this, in that at some times and in some quarters his theories (and especially his methodological approaches) have been seen as the antithesis of a "critical" per­ spective. This (dare I say) criticism stems from a false assumption, endemic in the 1980s, that the use of empirical research methods was somehow incompatible with the adoption of a critical stance; this presumed dichotomy, happily, seems to be breaking down in current scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • THE WORLD of TELEVISION NEWS George Gerbner and Nancy
    THE WORLD OF TELEVISION NEWS George Gerbner and Nancy Signorie11i The Annenberg School of Communications University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 April, 1978 Prepared for publication in Adams, W., and Schreibman, F. (eds.), Television News Archives: A ~uide to Research, Washington, D.C.: George washington University, 1978.-- THE WORLD OF TELEVISION NEWS George Gerbner and Nancy Signorielli* The Annenberg School of Communications University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Is television news research for real? We doubt it. To support our view, we shall first challenge the basic assumptions underlying most television news research (and this volume), and then discuss a new, realistic and more appro- priate framework for such research. The assumptions underlying most research in this area are that television is similar to other media; that television news is a major source of factual and public affairs information; and that the television news viewer receives the majority of such information from television news. We do not claim that these assumptions are totally false, only that they are sufficiently wrong to be misleading. Television is unlike any other medium in several important respects.** For our purposes, the most salient differences are that television is viewed non-selectively and that many (if not the majority) of the most ardent news viewers are also heavy viewers of television drama. By non-selective viewing, we mean that people watch television not by the program but by the clock. Their lifestyle rather than their specific ",* The authors would like to thank Howard Fatell and Colleen Cool for their a S8 istance. ** George Gerbner and Larry Gross, "Living with Television':' The Violence Profile," Journal of Communications, Spring, 1976, 26:2, 173-199.
    [Show full text]
  • By George Gerbner Tbe August Coup
    1 MEDIA AND MYSTERY IN. THE RUSSIAN COUP; By George Gerbner Tbe August Coup: Tbe Trutb and tbe Lessons~ By Mikhail Gorbachev. HarperCollins. 127 pp. $18.00 Tbe Future Belongs to Freedom~ By EduardShevardnadze. New York: The Free ,Press, 1991. 237 pp. Eyewitness; A Personal Account of the Unraveling of tbe Soviet Union. By Vladimir Pozner. Random House. 220 pp. $20.00 . Seven Days Tbat Sbooktbe World;Tbe Collapse of soviet communism. by stuart H. Loory and Ann Imse. Introduction by Hedrick Smith. CNN Report, Turner Publishing, Inc. 255 pp. Boris Yeltsin: From Bolsbevik to Democrat. By John Morrison. Dutton. 303pp. $20. Boris Yeltsin, A Political Biograpby. By Vladimir Solvyov and Elena Klepikova. Putnam. 320 pp. $24.95 We remember the Russian coup of A~gust 1991 as a quixotic attempt, doomed to failure, engineered by fools and thwarted by a spontaneous uprising. As Vladimir Pozner's Eyewitness puts it, our imag~ of the coup leaders is that of "faceless party hacks ••• Hollywood-cast to fit the somehow gross, repulsive, and yet somewhat comical image" of the typical Communist bureaucrat.(p. 10) Well, that image is false. More than that, it obscures the big story of the coup .and its consequences for Russia and the world. By falling back on a cold-war caricature ' and . accepting what Shevardnadze calls "the export version" of perestroika, the U.s. press, and Western media generally, may have missed the story of the decade. .' The men who struck on August 19, : 1991 were, as Pozner himself · argues,,"far from inept ,and, indeed, ' ready to do whatever was necessary to win.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania
    The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania ENCYCLOPEDIA OF COMMUNICATIONS Report of the Feasibility Study July 1982 - May 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS RECOMMENDATION REPORT OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY Editorial Planning Consultations APPENDICES SAMPLE COPY AND PAGES (opposite) RECOMMENDATION The Annenberg Encyclopedia of Communications. An idea as bold and ambitious as it is appropriate for the leading graduate school of communications. It is a fitting capstone to the first 25 years of contributions to the field, the discipline, the industry. The School's conferences, other publications, and worldwide network of scholarly and professional contacts (including alumni) make it the natural center for such a venture. The overwhelmingly enthusiastic response of the academic, professional, and publishing communities to the idea of an Encyclopedia of Communications confirms the conclusions of this feasibility study: the publication of the Encyclopedia of Communication's under The Annenberg School's primary imprimatur is a timely and desirable activity of historic Significance. Toward that end, we respectfully request the authority to conclude final negotiations for the most effective publishing agreement. George Gerbner, Dean Tobia L. Worth, Director of Feasibility Study REPORT OF THE FEASIBILITY STUDY The feasibility study began in July 1982. The thrust was threefold: (1) building a viable intellectual framework for an Encyclopedia of Communications; (2) exploring publishers' interest in this project; and (3) preparing alternative budgets to illuminate possible financial arrangements. Editorial Planning The editorial planning involved leading academic and other specialists in all aspects of a prospective editorial process and conceptual structure for the Encyclopedia. Throughout the planning process, a sense of excitement and enthusiasm for this historic pro­ ject mounted and appeared to spread through the field of communica­ tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Television Viewing: Cultivating Perceptions of Affluence and Support for Capitalist Values
    PoKtica; Communication, Volume 10. pp. 243-257 1058-4609/93 $10.00 + .00 Printed in the UK. Ali rights reseived. Copyright ©1993 Taylor & Francis Television Viewing: Cultivating Perceptions of Affluence and Support for Capitalist Values JAMES M. CARLSON Providence College Abstract This article examines the proposition that television v/evvmg contributes to unrealistic perceptions ofthe degree of affluence in America and to support for the basic values underlying capitalism. The survey data examined s/iow that heavy television vievifers are more supportive of capitalist values, but are no more likety to misperceive the degree of affluence in America than light viev/ers. Keywords Affluence, capitalist values, cultivation theory, television entertainment, mainstreaming Television viewing, of both news and entertainment programming, plays an important role in the development of conceptions about the nature ofthe American political system. Perhaps it is not surprising that the most pervasive medium in American culture makes measurable contributions to conceptions of political reality and to the construction of political values, but there has been surprisingly little empirical research on the influence of television viewing on attitudes that legitimize the political system. Curiously, most of the empirical work on the influence of television has grown out of a concern with the socialization of deviant behavior. Despite the great deal of attention given to the possible antisocial effects of television viewing there is increasing evidence the medium presents programming that encourages values that are supportive of the status quo. It seems especially likely that American television programming supports dominant political values; the major networks are owned and operated by those who have a vested interest in current economic and political arrangements.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivation Analysis: an Overview
    Cultivation Analysis: an Overview George Gerbner I f future historians wanted to know about the common mains. Media, its cultural arm, is dominated by the I cultural environment of stories and images into which private establishment, despite its use olthe public airways. a child was. born in lhe second hal! of the twentieth Giant industries discharge their messages into the century, where would they turn? mainstream of common consciousness. Channels pro­ How would they describe its action structure, the­ liferate and new technologies pervade home and office matic content, and representation of people? Howwould while mergers and bottom-line pressures shrink creative they trace the ebb and flow of its Gurrents? Pathetic to alternatives and reduce diversity of content. say, they would find no other source Broadcasting is the most con­ than our own Cultural Indicators data­ ~=~=========-= centrated, homogenized, and base and reports.' globalized medium. The top U.S. Humans are the only species that Television is the source of the 100 advertisers pay for two-thirds lives in a world erected by the stories most broadly-shared images of all network television. Four we tell. The story-telling process used ana messages in history. It is networks, allied to giant to be hand-crafted, home-made, com­ transnational corporations-our munity-inspired. Now it is the end the mainstream of the com­ private 'Ministry of Culture'-con­ result of a complex manufacturing and mon symbolic environment Irol the bulk of production and dis­ marketing.process. The situation calis into which our children are tribution, and shape the cultural for a new diagnosis and a new pre­ born and in which we aI/ live mainstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with George Gerbner
    84 Profile: George Gerbner trayal of teachers and schools in the mass media of the United States, Great Britain, France, West Germany, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and the Soviet Union, 1960-64 Investigator, research project on the portrayal of mental illness in the mass me­ dia, under a grant from National Institute of Mental Health, 1959-61 5 Editing, Publishing Chair, Editorial Board, International Encyclopedia of Communications, Oxford University Press, 1983-88; Editor, Journal of Communication, 1973-87; Executive Editor, Journal of Communication, 1987-91; Coeditor, Oxford University Press Interview with George Gerbner «Communication and Society Books;' 1985-91; Coeditor, Longman Commu­ nication Books, 1981-90; Associate Editor for Communication Theory, Journal of Communication, 1966-68; Book Review Editor, Audio-Visual Communication CONDUCTED BY JOHN A. LENT Review, 1958-68 GUARUJA, BRAZIL, AUGUST 19, 1992 Awards and Honors Excellence in Media Award, International Television Association, 1992; Distinguished Visiting Professor, American University, Cairo, Egypt; Commence­ George, tell me about your background, the days in Hungary, your education, ment speaker and recipient, honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, your antifascist stands at various times, and your entrance into the American Worcester State College, Worcester, Massachusetts, 1992; First Wayne Danielson culture. At the same time, discuss the motivating factors that have guided you Award for Distinguished Contributions to Communications Scholarship, Univer­ down a different path in scholarship-factors dealing with personal, institu­ sity of Texas at Austin, November 1991; Honorary degree, Doctor of Humane tional, and academic situations. Letters, Emerson College, Boston, 1989; "Broadcast Preceptor Award;' San Francisco State University, 1982; "Media Achievement Award of Excellence;' I was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1919, during the last real Hungarian revo­ Philadelphia Bar Association, 1981; "Communicator of the Year" Award, B'nai lution, short-lived as it was.
    [Show full text]
  • Television Entertainment and Viewers' Conceptions of Science. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 271 096 IR 012 173 AUTHOR Gerbner, George; And Others TITLE Television Entertainment and Viewers' Conceptions of Science. INSTITUTION Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Annenberg School of Communications. SPONS AGENCY National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE Jul 85 NOTE 147p. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Attitude Measures; Interviews; Programing (Broadcast); Questionnaires; Science Interests; *Sciences; Scientific and Technical Information; *Surveys; Tables (Data); Technological Advancement; Technology; *Television Research; *Television Viewing ABSTRACT This study of the role of television in the presentation and cultivation of pub:'c conceptions of science and technology investigated these issues: (1) the types of representation and information about scientists, science, and technology that are embedded in television programs; (2) types of images and beliefs about science that television tends co cultivate in different groups of viewers; (3) levels of scientific interest and information associated with television watching in different grol4J of viewers; (4) public policy conceptions and attitudes toward science cultivated by television; and (5) how the reading of science magazines and viewing of science documentaries modify television's contributions to conceptions of science. A message system analysis performed on a sample of prime-time dramatic programs broadcast between 1973 and 1983 revealed that, if medicine is included, the images of science
    [Show full text]