DOCSLIB.ORG

02-Media-Studies-Key-Concepts.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
02-Media-Studies-Key-Concepts.Pdf Table of Contents Contexts Representation 3 Contexts – Key Questions 42 Key Questions 43 Stereotyping 44 Gender Stereotypes & The Representation of Women Media Language 45 Feminism & Objectification Part 1: How are Media Texts constructed? 46 Feminist Theories 4 Media Language – Key Questions 47 Representations of Men 5 What are media texts? 48 Gender Representation – Timeline 6 Mise‐en‐scène* 50 Representation of Rich/Poor 7 Composition 51 Representations of Race/Ethnicity 8 Audio Codes 53 Representation of Age 9 Technical Codes 53 Representation of Issues/Events 11 Camera Movement 55 News values 12 Editing 56 Political Ideologies 13 Anchorage & Cropping 57 Representation – Revision Questions 14 Film Poster Layout 16 Print Advert Layout 18 Webpage Layout 19 Newspaper Layout 20 Broadsheet vs Tabloid 21 Magazine Layout 24 Typography (fonts) 25 Lexical/Verbal Codes (Words) 26 Narrative Codes 28 Propp’s Narratology 31 Genre – Codes & Conventions 33 Intertextuality Part 2: WHY are they constructed in these ways? 34 Introduction to Semiotics 35 Connotations & Meaning 36 Dominant Ideologies 39 Audience Appeal/Uses & Gratification 40 Media Language – Revision Questions 1 Audiences Media Industries Part 1: Audience Targeting 77Key Questions 58 Audiences – Key Questions 78 The Production Process 59 Introduction to Audiences 78 Brand Identity 60 Demographics* 79 Production Values 61 Mass/niche audiences 80 Traditional vs New Media 61 NRS Social Grades 81 Corporate vs Independent Media 62 Psychographics/The 4cs 82 Commercial Media 63 How do media texts target different 83 Public Service Broadcasters audiences 64 Technological Changes 83 Regional/National/Global Media 85 Media Power 86 Media Regulation Part 2: Audience Appeal 87 UK Regulators 65 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 89 Difficulties in Regulation 66 Uses and Gratifications theory 90 Industry ‐ Revision Questions 68 Cultural Capital/Cult of Celebrity 69 Dyer’s Utopian Solutions 65 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 67‐68 Uses and Gratifications theory *Content in bold is essential to revise Part 3: Audience Responses 70 Media effects (active and passive) 70 Hypodermic needle theory 71 Bandura & media effects 73 Two Step Flow theory 73 Gerbner’s Cultivation theory 74 Reception theory 75 Pick and mix theory 75 Participation Culture 75 Audiences ‐ Revision Questions 2 Contexts When analysing contexts, you need to ask: WHAT was happening at the time (and place) the text was made? Historical Context: When was the text produced? What was happening at this time? Social and Cultural Where was the text produced (what nationality/society/culture Context: does it belong to)? What views or opinions were prominent in the culture at this time? Political context: What political debates were taking place during the time of the text’s production? What rules and regulations may have affected the text or its industry? HOW has this affected the text? Historical Context: How have historical events affected the way the text has been constructed (put together)? How has the text been influenced by other texts? If we compare it to other texts made at the time, how typical is: o its use of media language (e.g. considering fashions and technological limitations of the time) o the way(s) in which it represents particular groups or subjects o its themes, values, messages and viewpoints o the ways in which it has been distributed, marketed, regulated, circulated and consumed by audiences? Social and Cultural What views or opinions of this culture can we see being presented Context: in this text? How are these views or opinions made clear through the text’s use of media language? How typical are these views in this society/culture? Political context: How does the text reflect political debates in its representations, themes, values, messages and viewpoints? How does the text reflect these debates in terms of its ownership, production, distribution, marketing, regulation, circulation and audience consumption? 3 Media Language When analysing media language, you need to ask: HOW has the text been constructed (put‐together)? Selection & What elements have been included in the text (what do you see/hear)? Omission: Has anything been purposefully omitted/excluded/left out? Intertextuality: Does the text make any intertextual references (to other media texts)? Realism: Is the text trying to be realistic (to increase verisimilitude)? Narrative Does the text feature any Proppian character types (heroes and villains conventions: etc.)? Does it follow the narrative conventions of any other theorist (Todorov or Barthes, for example)? Genre What genre (or sub‐genre) does the text belong to? conventions: Is it typical of this genre? Does it follow established conventions? Does it blend elements of more than one genre (is it a hybrid genre)? In what ways does the text adapt/change/subvert established genre conventions? Context: Is the text’s style typical of others of its time period? Technology How have changes in technology affected the text’s style/production? WHY has it been constructed in this way? OR: WHY have specific elements been included and/or excluded/omitted? & How does this affect the text’s meaning? Messages and What does it connote or signify? Values: What is the text’s message (or messages)? What does it suggest about the producer’s likely opinion or viewpoint (or attitudes of the culture/time‐period in which it was produced)? What does it position the audience to think or feel (particularly: about the text, certain people or an issue/event)? Why may it appeal to the audience? 4 DESCRIBING MEDIA LANGUAGE HOW are media texts constructed? What is “media”? Media is plural for “medium” (a medium is a form of communication, e.g. ‘television’ or ‘film’). During the course we will study the following mediums (or media platforms): television, radio, film, magazines, newspapers, video games and the internet. Media is created by producers who work in media industries – like the television industry. It is produced for audiences to consume (whether by watching, reading, playing or listening). What is a “media text”? In Media Studies, a text refers to a media product. Examples of media texts/products are: o Television programmes (e.g. Luther) o Music videos (e.g. Bad Blood) o Films (and their marketing) (e.g. Spectre) o Magazines (e.g. GQ magazine) o Newspapers (e.g. The Guardian) o Video/computer games (e.g. Fortnite) o Websites (e.g. www.taylorswift.com) A “media text” is not to be confused by what is meant by “text” in English. Words are only a small part of what we study in this subject. Whereas literary texts communicate through words, media texts communicate through images, graphics, sounds and words, which are combined in many different and complex ways. These elements are what we refer to as media language (which is – essentially – everything we see, read and hear in a media text). Media Codes: A single element of media language can be referred to as a “code” – e.g. a television text will be constructed from various audio codes (e.g. music, dialogue and sound effects), visual codes (e.g. dress codes and non‐verbal codes), technical codes (e.g. the camera angles and movement) as well as various genre and narrative codes. In semiotic analysis (the study of signs), these codes are also referred to as signifiers or denotations (see page 34 for more details). 5 Visual Codes Mise‐en‐scène: The most essential visual code to study is a text’s mise‐en‐scène. This is not a single element, but refers to how various elements in an image (or scene) have been combined for effect. Mise‐en‐scène refers to what you see onscreen or ‘how the scene has been arranged’, including the use of setting, lighting and costume. Each element of the mise‐en‐scène is likely to have been carefully designed (often by teams of people) to communicate ideas to the audience. Therefore, when analysing mise‐en‐scène, you need to consider how the following elements have been used to create meaning: Setting The location of the scene, which often conveys important information about characters and events. Setting is also important to establish the mood or tone. Costume & Props What people or characters wear (and what objects they hold) are important signifiers of their job, status (e.g. wealth & power) and values. Non‐verbal codes Facial expressions and gestures often convey a character’s actions or feelings (e.g. that a character is happy, sad, angry or jealous). or gesture codes Colour/Colour scheme Colours are often chosen to set a particular mood, appeal to a certain audience or symbolise a specific topic or theme. Some texts have a colour scheme, where only certain colours are used for effect or to represent an idea (e.g. green to represent nature). Lighting Lighting sets a mood. Low key lighting (dark/lots of shadow) can create a moody atmosphere, while high key lighting (bright/lively) can make the scene appear fresh and upbeat. Producers can also choose to use natural lighting (daylight) or artificial lighting (electric/indoor light) to create particular effects. Terminology in Use (mise‐en‐scène): The poster’s mise-en-scène clearly communicates ideas associated with male power. For example, Bond is wearing a suit. This dress code connotes wealth and dominance. This idea is furthered by his expression, which is calm and emotionless (despite the chaos that surrounds him), a non-verbal code which signifies his confidence. 6 Composition: Composition refers to the way the different elements of a text have been arranged/put together for effect. As well as selecting various elements (e.g. images and words) to create meaning, producers can compose texts uniquely by the way they combine these elements. A film director may choose to dress a male character in a suit to signify his wealth and power.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dinosaurs and Donkeys: British Tabloid Newspapers
    DINOSAURS AND DONKEYS: BRITISH TABLOID NEWSPAPERS AND TRADE UNIONS, 2002-2010 By RYAN JAMES THOMAS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication MAY 2012 © Copyright by RYAN JAMES THOMAS, 2012 All rights reserved © Copyright by RYAN JAMES THOMAS, 2012 All Rights Reserved To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the dissertation of RYAN JAMES THOMAS find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. __________________________________________ Elizabeth Blanks Hindman, Ph.D., Chair __________________________________________ Douglas Blanks Hindman, Ph.D. __________________________________________ Michael Salvador, Ph.D. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation, not to mention my doctoral degree, would not be possible with the support and guidance of my chair, Dr. Elizabeth Blanks Hindman. Her thoughtful and thorough feedback has been invaluable. Furthermore, as both my MA and doctoral advisor, she has been a model of what a mentor and educator should be and I am indebted to her for my development as a scholar. I am also grateful for the support of my committee, Dr. Douglas Blanks Hindman and Dr. Michael Salvador, who have provided challenging and insightful feedback both for this dissertation and throughout my doctoral program. I have also had the privilege of working with several outstanding faculty members (past and present) at The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, and would like to acknowledge Dr. Jeff Peterson, Dr. Mary Meares, Professor Roberta Kelly, Dr. Susan Dente Ross, Dr. Paul Mark Wadleigh, Dr. Prabu David, and Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Political Reactions to Changes in Local Economic Policies Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0679c5mm Author Fukumoto, Makoto Publication Date 2021 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Political Reactions to Changes in Local Economic Policies By Makoto Fukumoto A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California. Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Paul Pierson, Co-Chair Professor Sarah Anzia, Co-Chair Professor Ernesto Dal B`o Professor Alison Post Professor Frederico Finan Spring 2021 Abstract Political Reactions to Changes in Local Economic Policies by Makoto Fukumoto Doctor in Philosophy in Political Science University of California. Berkeley Professor Paul Pierson, Co-Chair Professor Sarah Anzia, Co-Chair Against the backdrop of accelerating economic divergence across different regions in advanced economies, political scientists are increasingly interested in its implication on political behavior and public opinion. This dissertation presents three papers that show how local-level implementation of policies and local economic circumstances affect voters' behavior. The first paper, titled \Biting the Hands that Feed Them? Place-Based Policies and Decline of Local Support", analyzed if place-based policies such as infrastructure projects and business support can garner political support in the area, using the EU funding data in the UK. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the findings suggest that relatively educated, well-off voters who pay attention to local affairs turn against the government that provides such programs and become more interested in the budgeting process.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA REPORT Changing Perceptions Through Television, the Rise of Social Media and Our Media Adventure in the Last Decade 2008 - 2018
    KONDA MEDIA REPORT Changing Perceptions Through Television, The Rise of Social Media and Our Media Adventure in the Last Decade 2008 - 2018 November 2019 KONDA Lifestyle Survey 2018 2 / 76 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 2. CHANGING PERCEPTIONS THROUGH TELEVISION AND OUR DECENNIAL MEDIA ADVENTURE .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Relations with Technology / Internet Perception / Concern About Social Media ......... 7 2.2. Trust in Television News ................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Closed World Perception and Echo Chamber............................................................... 19 2.4. The State of Being a Television Society and Changing Perceptions ........................... 20 2.5. Our Changing World Perception Based on the Cultivation Theory .............................. 22 3. SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE IN THE LAST DECADE ............................................................. 27 4. CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................. 29 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 31 6. RESEARCH ID .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Online Media and the 2016 US Presidential Election
    Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Faris, Robert M., Hal Roberts, Bruce Etling, Nikki Bourassa, Ethan Zuckerman, and Yochai Benkler. 2017. Partisanship, Propaganda, and Disinformation: Online Media and the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election. Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society Research Paper. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33759251 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA AUGUST 2017 PARTISANSHIP, Robert Faris Hal Roberts PROPAGANDA, & Bruce Etling Nikki Bourassa DISINFORMATION Ethan Zuckerman Yochai Benkler Online Media & the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper is the result of months of effort and has only come to be as a result of the generous input of many people from the Berkman Klein Center and beyond. Jonas Kaiser and Paola Villarreal expanded our thinking around methods and interpretation. Brendan Roach provided excellent research assistance. Rebekah Heacock Jones helped get this research off the ground, and Justin Clark helped bring it home. We are grateful to Gretchen Weber, David Talbot, and Daniel Dennis Jones for their assistance in the production and publication of this study. This paper has also benefited from contributions of many outside the Berkman Klein community. The entire Media Cloud team at the Center for Civic Media at MIT’s Media Lab has been essential to this research.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Politics of Climate Change Discourse in UK Tabloids
    Author's personal copy Political Geography 27 (2008) 549e569 www.elsevier.com/locate/polgeo The cultural politics of climate change discourse in UK tabloids Maxwell T. Boykoff* James Martin Research Fellow, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK Abstract In the United Kingdom (UK), daily circulation figures for tabloid newspapers are as much as ten times higher than broadsheet sources. Nonetheless, studies of media representations of climate change in the UK to date have focused on broadsheet newspapers. Moreover, readership patterns correlate with socio-eco- nomic status; the majority of readers of tabloids are in ‘working class’ demographics. With a growing need to engage wider constituencies in awareness and potential behavioral change, it is important to ex- amine how these influential sources represent climate change for a heretofore understudied segment of citizenry. This paper links political geographies with cultural issues of identity and discourse, through claims and frames on climate change in four daily ‘working class’ tabloid newspapers in UK e The Sun (and News of the World ), Daily Mail (and Mail on Sunday), the Daily Express (and Sunday Express), and the Mirror (and Sunday Mirror). Through triangulated Critical Discourse Analysis, investigations of framing and semi-structured interviews, this project examines representations of climate change in these newspapers from 2000 through 2006. Data show that news articles on climate change were predominantly framed through weather events, charismatic megafauna and the movements of political actors and rhetoric, while few stories focused on climate justice and risk. In addition, headlines with tones of fear, misery and doom were most prevalent.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenging Collections
    Insights and Experiments Interview with Thomas Söderqvist Söderqvist, Thomas Published in: Challenging Collections DOI: 10.5479/si.9781944466121 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Unspecified Citation for published version (APA): Söderqvist, T. (2017). Insights and Experiments: Interview with Thomas Söderqvist. In A. Boyle, & J-G. Hagmann (Eds.), Challenging Collections: Approaches to the Heritage of Recent Science and Technology (pp. 228-231). Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. Artefacts: Studies in the History of Science and Technology Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.5479/si.9781944466121 Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 https:// Boyle and Hagmann artefacts science and technology of studies in the history Volume 11 Managing Editor Martin Collins, Smithsonian Institution Series Editors Robert Bud, Science Museum, London Bernard Finn, Smithsonian Institution Helmuth Trischler, Deutsches Museum his most recent volume in the Artefacts series, Challenging Collections: Ap- Challenging Collections Tproaches to the Heritage of Recent Science and Technology, focuses on the question of collecting post–World War II scientific and technological heritage in museums, and the challenging issue of how such artifacts can be displayed and interpreted for diverse publics. In addition to examples of practice, editors Alison Boyle and Johannes-Geert Hagmann have invited prominent historians and cura- tors to reflect on the nature of recent scientific and technological heritage, and to challenge the role of museum collections in the twenty-first century. Challenging Collections will certainly be part of an ever-evolving dialogue among communities of collectors and scholars seeking to keep pace with the changing landscapes of sci- ence and technology, museology, and historiography.
    [Show full text]
  • Amicus Briefs Urging Courts to Properly Interpret the Law of Defamation in Light of Free Speech Concerns
    No. 14-3876 IN THE United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit JESSE VENTURA, a/k/a JAMES G. JANOS, Plaintiff-Appellee, – v. – TAYA KYLE, as Executor of the Estate of CHRIS KYLE, Defendant-Appellant. ______________ ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF AMICI CURIAE OF 33 MEDIA COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS IN SUPPORT OF APPELLANT URGING REVERSAL FLOYD ABRAMS SUSAN BUCKLEY MERRIAM MIKHAIL CAHILL GORDON & REINDEL LLP 80 Pine Street New York, New York 10005 Telephone: (212) 701-3000 Facsimile: (212) 269-5420 Attorneys for Amici Curiae Appellate Case: 14-3876 Page: 1 Date Filed: 03/10/2015 Entry ID: 4252659 MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF AMICI CURIAE Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 29(b), A&E Television Networks, LLC, Advance Publications, Inc., American Society of News Editors, Association of Alternative Newsmedia, Association of American Publishers, Inc., Authors Guild, Inc., Buzzfeed, Inc., Center for Investigative Reporting, Inc., Cox Media Group, E.W. Scripps Company, First Amendment Coalition, Forbes Media LLC, Gannett Co., Inc., Gawker Media LLC, Hachette Book Group, Inc., Hearst Corporation, Landmark Media Enterprises, LLC, Media Law Resource Center, Minnesota Newspaper Association, Motion Picture Association of America, Inc., MPA – The Association of Magazine Media, National Association of Broadcasters, National Press Photographers Association, National Public Radio, Inc., New York Media LLC, New York Times Company, Newspaper Association of America, North Jersey Media Group Inc., Penguin Random House LLC, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, Time Inc., Tribune Publishing Company, LLC , and WP Company LLC (d/b/a The Washington Post) (collectively, “Amici”), respectfully move this Court for leave to file the accompanying amici curiae brief in the above- captioned matter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity
    The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. 2015. The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity A dissertation presented by Ryan Hayes Wilkinson to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts May 2015 © 2015 Ryan Hayes Wilkinson All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Michael McCormick Ryan Hayes Wilkinson The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity Abstract In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultivation Theory
    Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: A Arts & Humanities - Psychology Volume 15 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X All you Need to Know About: The Cultivation Theory By Eman Mosharafa City University of New York, United States Introduction- In this paper, the researcher comprehensively examines the cultivation theory. Conceptualized by George Gerbner in the 1960s and 1970s, the theory has been questioned with every media technological development. In the last six decades, the mass communication field witnessed the propagation of cable, satellite, video games and most recently social media. So far, the theory seems to have survived by continuous adjustment and refinement. Since 2000, over 125 studies have endorsed the theory, which points out to its ability to adapt to a constantly changing media environment. This research discusses the theory since its inception, its growth and expansion, and the future prospects for it. In the first section of the paper, an overview is given on the premises/founding concepts of the theory. Next is a presentation of the added components to the theory and their development over the last sex decades including: The cultivation analysis, the conceptual dimensions, types and measurement of cultivation, and the occurrence of cultivation across the borders. GJHSS-A Classification : FOR Code: 130205p AllyouNeedtoKnowAboutTheCultivationTheory Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Eman Mosharafa. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication Theory
    Larry Gross Fall 2018 June 27, 2018 Communication 525: Social Scientific Approaches to Human Communication Theory Tuesday 9:30 am - 12:20 pm/ KER 202 Course Requirements Student Participation: Besides the usual energetic engagement in class discussion, every student will post a commentary on the week’s assigned readings on Blackboard before 7 pm each Weds . Midterm Writing Assignment: The midterm assignment will cover the lecture and readings from weeks 1-7, approximately. This is a take-home assignment [approximately 8-10 pages]. Final Writing Assignment: The final writing assignment will cover the last half of the course and will have the same structure as the midterm. The exam will be distributed the last day of class and be due one week later. Course Paper: The course paper will be a research proposal that addresses a question which grows out of some aspect of the readings/class discussions. En route to development of your proposal and after the midterm, we will devote much of the 3rd hour each week to a discussion of your topics and proposals. Comm 525 Fall 2018 COURSE LECTURE AND READING TOPICS 1. August 21: Nothing Never Happens 1. Edward Hall, The Silent Language [Anchor books, 1959], Chapters 3 [The vocabulary of culture], 4 [The Major Triad], 5 [Culture is Communication], & Appendix II, pp. 33-101, 186-194. 2. Larry Gross, “Modes of communication and the acquisition of symbolic competence,” David Olson, ed. Media and Symbols: The Forms of Expression, Communication and Education, [NSSE, 1974], pp. 56-80. 3. James Carey, “A cultural approach to communication,” Communication and Culture [Unwin Hyman, 1989], pp.36.
    [Show full text]
  • 9781317587255.Pdf
    Global Metal Music and Culture This book defines the key ideas, scholarly debates, and research activities that have contributed to the formation of the international and interdisciplinary field of Metal Studies. Drawing on insights from a wide range of disciplines including popular music, cultural studies, sociology, anthropology, philos- ophy, and ethics, this volume offers new and innovative research on metal musicology, global/local scenes studies, fandom, gender and metal identity, metal media, and commerce. Offering a wide-ranging focus on bands, scenes, periods, and sounds, contributors explore topics such as the riff-based song writing of classic heavy metal bands and their modern equivalents, and the musical-aesthetics of Grindcore, Doom and Drone metal, Death metal, and Progressive metal. They interrogate production technologies, sound engi- neering, album artwork and band promotion, logos and merchandising, t-shirt and jewelry design, and the social class and cultural identities of the fan communities that define the global metal music economy and subcul- tural scene. The volume explores how the new academic discipline of metal studies was formed, while also looking forward to the future of metal music and its relationship to metal scholarship and fandom. With an international range of contributors, this volume will appeal to scholars of popular music, cultural studies, social psychology and sociology, as well as those interested in metal communities around the world. Andy R. Brown is Senior Lecturer in Media Communications at Bath Spa University, UK. Karl Spracklen is Professor of Leisure Studies at Leeds Metropolitan Uni- versity, UK. Keith Kahn-Harris is honorary research fellow and associate lecturer at Birkbeck College, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Implications of Heavy Television Viewing
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 124,917 CS 202 807 AUTHOR Jackscn-Beeck, Marilyn. TITLE Political Implications of Heavy TeleVision Viewing. PUB DATE 76 NOTE 27p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting Of the Association for Education in Journali.m (College Park, Maryland, August 1976) Tr PRICE "/' .MF-$0.8.3 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage.- RIBTORS Behavioral Sdience Research; *Cdnformity; Educational Background; *Mass Media; National Surveys; *PolitiCal Attitudes; *Public Opinion; Racial Factors; Social Change; *Television Viewing ABSTRACT This,,paper empirically evaluates the propositionthat pcl ical conformisml specifically structural, passive, I logical, and defensive conforMiss, isa function of exposure to mass media. Secondry analysis of data from the National Opinion Research Center's 1975 General SociAl Survey revealeda significant relationship between TV viewing and.conlormiSm.The 484 heavy viewers were less active and interested in political affairs and hadgreater apprehension in regard to' interpersonal and. nationalrelations than did the 650 light viewers. However, education weakenedthe correlation between viewing and passive andpsychological co' ormity, .and in the small nonwhite samplenone of the four aspects were related to television viewing. Therewas no support'for the 'hypothesis that heavy viewers generallyapprove existing-politica policies. In fact, the heavy viewers favoredmore government action to change social structure than did light.viewers.Researchers suggest lore,attention to routine television vi- Ias a variable in political attic
    [Show full text]