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Print Vs Digital : the Changing Production of Singaporean Women's Magazines This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Print vs digital : the changing production of Singaporean women's magazines Cheng, Lydia Rui Jun 2020 Cheng, L. R. J. (2020). Print vs digital : the changing production of Singaporean women's magazines. Master's thesis, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/143190 https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/143190 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution‑NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY‑NC 4.0). Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 01:46:40 SGT PRINT VS DIGITAL: THE CHANGING PRODUCTION OF SINGAPOREAN WOMEN’S MAGAZINES LYDIA CHENG RUI JUN Supervisor: Associate Professor Edson Tandoc Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Communication Studies 2020 Statement of Originality I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis is the result of original research, is free of plagiarised materials, and has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. 30/04/2020 . Date LYDIA CHENG RUI JUN Supervisor Declaration Statement I have reviewed the content and presentation style of this thesis and declare it is free of plagiarism and of sufficient grammatical clarity to be examined. To the best of my knowledge, the research and writing are those of the candidate except as acknowledged in the Author Attribution Statement. I confirm that the investigations were conducted in accord with the ethics policies and integrity standards of Nanyang Technological University and that the research data are presented honestly and without prejudice. 30/04/2020 . Date EDSON C. TANDOC JR. Authorship Attribution Statement Please select one of the following; *delete as appropriate: *(A) This thesis does not contain any materials from papers published in peer-reviewed journals or from papers accepted at conferences in which I am listed as an author. *(B) This thesis contains material from two paper(s) published in the following peer- reviewed journal(s) / from papers accepted at conferences in which I am listed as an author. 1. Parts of the subsections ‘What are Magazines?’, ‘What is Lifestyle Journalism?’, ‘The Challenges of Magazines and Lifestyle Journalism’ and ‘Work Practices’ under the Literature Review section are published as: Cheng, L. (2019, May). Magazine gatekeeping in the digital age. Paper presented at the 5th Journalism Studies PhD Colloquium, 69th International Communication Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C., USA. The contributions of the co-authors are as follows: N/A 2. Parts of the subsections ‘What are Magazines?’, ‘What is Lifestyle Journalism?’, ‘The Challenges of Magazines and Lifestyle Journalism’ and ‘Representations of Users’ under the Literature Review section are published as: Cheng, L. (2020, May). From magazines to blogs: The shifting boundaries of fashion journalism. Paper presented at the 70th International Communication Association Annual Conference, Virtual Conference. (Converted from Gold Coast, Australia to virtual due to COVID-19). The contributions of the co-authors are as follows: N/A 30/04/2020 . Date LYDIA CHENG RUI JUN Acknowledgements I have been at the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University for six years now, and so I think it is apt that first and foremost, I would like to give thanks to WKWSCI. Throughout both my undergraduate and graduate years, I have had the good fortune to learn from several very knowledgeable professors, participate in numerous overseas opportunities, make lifelong friends, and receive financial aid for my studies, which has been an incredible help. I am immensely grateful. I would also like to express my utmost gratitude to my supervisor, Associate Professor Edson Tandoc. I thank my past self every day for approaching you to be my master’s supervisor. You are incredibly smart, patient, kind, and supportive – I really lucked out. This thesis would not be possible without you. Thank you for everything you have done for me and all your guidance over the past two years. Next, I would like to thank my sister, my best friend in the whole world. Thank you for offering me whatever you have to help me with my studies, even when you do not have much yourself. Thank you for having the good sense to know when to drag me out of the house before I become too overwhelmed by my research and writing. Thank you for tolerating my annoying habits for the past 20 odd years. Thank you for being there and for being born. You are the best sister anyone can ever ask for. To my mum, the strongest and most resilient person I know. You are the one who has sheltered me and fed me and done whatever you can over the past two years to help make my master’s journey as smooth sailing as possible. So often I can be moody and stressed and downright unpleasant, but you always understood. Everything I have done, up to these words I am typing right now, I owe to you. Thank you. Lastly, my appreciation goes out to each and every one of the interviewees who took time out of their terribly busy schedules to chat with me. Everyone was so generous with their experiences and kind in their responses. Academic scholarship has tended to – unfortunately in my opinion – overlook lifestyle and magazine journalism. This, combined with my own experiences as a lifestyle journalist, became the main motivation for me to embark on the present research topic. I hope that this thesis can be a small contribution towards the creation of a richer and more inclusive journalism research field that does not discriminate against any journalism types or genres. Table of Contents Chapter Page I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................................... 2 Method ................................................................................................................................... 3 Significance of Study ............................................................................................................. 3 Thesis Plan ............................................................................................................................. 3 II. Literature Review .................................................................................................................. 5 What are Magazines? ............................................................................................................. 5 What is Lifestyle Journalism? .............................................................................................. 11 The Challenges of Magazines and Lifestyle Journalism ..................................................... 13 Organisational Structures ..................................................................................................... 15 Work Practices ..................................................................................................................... 19 Representations of Users ...................................................................................................... 25 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................................ 29 The Singapore Context ........................................................................................................ 30 III. Method ............................................................................................................................... 33 Sampling .............................................................................................................................. 34 Interviews ......................................................................................................................... 36 Textual analysis ............................................................................................................... 40 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................ 41 IV. Results – Changes in Production ....................................................................................... 43 Organisational Structures – The Print-Online Relationship ................................................ 45 The prioritisation of print ................................................................................................. 46 Efforts to go digital .......................................................................................................... 51 Organisational Structures – The Editorial-Advertising Dynamic ........................................ 53 The fall of the editorial-advertising wall ......................................................................... 54 Negotiating the editorial-advertising dynamic ................................................................. 56 Work Practices – The Gatekeeping Function ...................................................................... 58 Ideation ............................................................................................................................ 59 Data-gathering and writing .............................................................................................
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