THE AENEID SIGNS and Kbbreviations

THE AENEID SIGNS AND kBBREVIATIONS

mitT. instrumental — ablative aN. interj. interjection BOOK I a absolute abs. inlerrog. interrogatve — accusative ace. = intransitive active intr. ARMA virumque oanö, Trojae qui primus ab oris act. Jrttro4. a the Introduction of this book — adjective )‘taliam profugus adj. a line; U. a lines fato Lavinaque vënit ads, adverb, adverbial jig, a literal, literally litora — multum ills et ferris et wiser., adversative jaottus alto joc. a locative App. the GranunatiOsi Appendix in vi superum, saevae memorem Jilnonis oh iram, m., maca. a masculine this book neuter appOsitiOn. apposiUve fl, ,I.Ut. appal. nag. negative altum, i n. the deep (sea) t memor, oris mindful, remembering, un asynd. — asyndeton canS, ems, cecini, cantus sing (of), chant, forgetting confer. i.e. compare a nominative Latin numeral proclaimt oh on account of (acc.)f char. characteflstO objective jacto (1) toss, buffetj5 profugus, a, urn exiled, fugitive collective old. object, coil. a optative Uvin(i)ua, a, urn Lavinian, of Laviniumf saevus, a, urn cruel, stem, flercet’ compar. comparative oS. part. a participle. partitive condit. condition, conditional — passive conjunction pass. 1,—?. The theme of the poem, namely, results that the coming of Aeneas had. conj. a perfect = construction pen, the wanderings and wars of Aeneas, who Compare the discovery of America by constr. pen, personal after dat. dative many struggles laid the foundation Leif Ericson with that by Columbus. demonstrative p1. = plural for the greatness of future Rome, in ac 2—3. (ad, in) Italiam, (ad, in) litora: dem, pluperf. pluperfect cordance with dsp. deponent the decrees of fate. acc. of place to which; App. 315. fAts: pos.. — possessive From the more extended dun. — diminutive introduction abl. of means or cause; App. 331, 332; gr&flA, i.e.for example prod. — predicate tothepoem (lines 1—33) welearn: (1) the “such was the will of heaven,” LAvin(i)a: e.g. — Latin .x.mpfl prepostion — especial, especially prep. plan of the poet to describe the adven of Lavinium, an ancient city on the west sap. present of fern. feininule prel. tures his hero, as is done in the Odyssey, ern coast of Italy, near the spot where I., pros. a pronoun fig. figurative, figuratively and to depict wars and battles, as does Rome was later founded. Lavinium was frequentative rf. reference the Iliad; (2) the deep religious convic reputed to have been the first Trojan frrq. reflex. a reflexive tion of fid. future the author, for whom the gods settlement in Italy and to have been a relative rule sen. genitive over all mortal affairs; (3) the named for Lavinia, an Italian princess Latin scilicet, i.e. aupply, understand national kist. a historical Sc. pride of the poet, found in his whom Aeneas married. Lavinia was 5jflg. singular choice i.e. Latin 14 est, that is of material, and which later comes the daughter of Latinus, king of the spec. a specification to its clearest imp. imperative expression in 1. 33. Latins. .ubj. a subject, subjective, subjunctive i,nperf. imperfect S. multum: with adverbial force, — substantive a impersonal, impersonally .abst. 1. Arms vlrnmque: the theme of the modifying jactatus. ills: Aeneas, the imper.. a superlative indecl. indeclinable 4eneid; arms stands by metonymy for simm of 1. 1. (in) terris, et (in) alto: indefinite temp. temporal deeds of arms, wars, referring to the wars abl. of place where; App. 319. jactttus indef. — transitive, transitively india. indicative tr. in which Aeneas engaged, both in Troy (eat). ,oc. — vocative and in Italy; indsr. — indirect strum refers to Aeneas, so 4. vi: abl. of cause or means; App. ml. infinitive ,oi. — volitive well known that he is not mentioned by 331, 332. superum superorum, gen. p1., name until 1. 92. Trojae: with the first of the gods above. memorem: a trans.. Latin word appears ten or more • the asterisk in the vocabulary shows that the yllablo long by position; App. 6, b. qul ferred epithet, logically belonging to times in Books 1-VI of the Arneid. primus ab Oris Trojan (ad) Italiam vflnit. Jflnonis, but poetically applied to tram. the first appearance of the Latin word in This refers to Aeneas as the first saevao t the dagger in the vocabulary indicates of the memorem Jflnonis ob iram: an the Aeneid. Trojans to come to Italy after their example of what is known as “interlocked Books I-VT of that the word is a numeral after a Latin word in the vocabulary indicates native city Troy had been captured, order,” saevae modifying Junonis, and (1) this lvi, itus, love, cherish. of the first conjugation and is to be inflected as amo, ire, sacked, and destroyed by the Greeks in memorem modifying tram. This order verb bold face type. All definitions Afi Latin words in the notes and vocabularies are in the Trojan war. Strictly speaking, the is often found in Latin poetry. JunonIs translations in the notes are in italii. the vocabularies are in roman (light face). All Trojan Antenor had preceded him, but oh tram: the reasons for Juno’s hatred of in ,flntenor’s All explanatory matter in the vocabularies is in italics. arrival was of no great conse Aeneas and the Trojans are given by Vergil quence and did not have the far-reaching mU. 12—28. Before beginning work read the General Directions, page 11. 14

purpose;

there.

389. and of rd. or

one 388. clause

of married App.

her .Tnpiter Phoenicia, city Tyre, muse a Tyril: for the of and from to invoke

inspiration to

App. in been

subj. reared had had

of Samos,

verteret: goddess characteristic;

1184 the s.c. fall date of of

Muss: Troy,

8. itisthecustomoiepicpoess

the

myth, to the According arcCs 20. Minor. Tyriis Karthaginem.

the traditional than years later

hundred

of the 8-11. Muse. Invocation

coast

of the off western

Asia island the is understood. subject Juno some founded four in was Carthage fact

loved

an Samoa,

(1. greatly 343.

of on depends Juno 20), which audi(v)erat Vergil of which tradition Rome. the follows. here (mighty)

lofty

prestige

disc.;

App. abl. App. abs.; SimS:

16. 390; being indir. posthabiti derived, was 12. felt: and the hills, to or high according power to antlqua (seven) the Urbs

the as

dud: Romans. often. PrOgeniem: 19.

position, either may to situated on refer

Trojans. against the Aoneas and

327. sOlam, Unam App. ative gods, magis;

App. short; syllable alta.o: 17. the

first

of the Juno wrath 12—33. Reasons for

abl.

the with tents than greater fates compar is that even was of terris allis; with

Alba of patrSs: Longa. families

fats:

of the

power pron. an

the terris meaning. common omnibus indef. = to through the Troy, great singular. English back the use would

ordinarily ancestry

abi. quA iv

1.8. fertur: coluisse. is a

of quA manner; said,

object of is (yin): tracing in much in pride took

Latin often

where employed their

plural,

families

and urbs,

12, App.

301. refers 15. of

quam: reference;

noble the of many

of senatorial times App.

possession; 299.

poetic Roman lrao:

the

Punic in dat.

rSgnum. Wars. three hoc

ROrnam Carthage gentibus: ease

patr5a in (aunt): Albiul 7. animis? dat. lrae

(undo) tao

animis: caolostibus

their of

voluCrunt bitter

fits with struggles Romans sed omnibus gentibus, to 349, Italy. Aeneas 350. App. under

suntne Tantaeue

tan- Trojans

would

remind

the phrase 325.

This ease rignuin haac urbem (Karthiginem) to subj. coming back quest.; in of the

Impulerlt: Rome, of 11.

indir. the ing

tuna App. depends respect, of

fovetque tenditque jam JUno on des asperrima; the and of Rome), duty. found of (forerunner

the abl. 287.

noun a: ruling

regnum, studif App. power.

in resources; predicate rich

or was

loyalty Mba of kingdom race,

to his Longa the of

pietis, Latin

devotion

the of

gender but

the to is adjective with

attracted 12, the gen. opum:

dives,

most of the origin traced legends

Aeneas of Roman

characteristic prominent the

1. to urba

refers

hoc: App.

era; greater the and clearness of

sake 413. vividness.

on genes 306.

the insignem; Lithium

dependent plotite: undo App.

(eat):

is called anaph repetition

this

phasis; by

for specific the

estia Tiberina more

(in) ad direction

of Impulerit. dat. upon depends

Latin: which

yore, tatlum;

—

em for

repeated his,

hoc: hic,

16—17. Italiam, expression, general

followed

subject see 68 II.

vol 378. and

of sacred 10. symbols;

AeniAn, virum

other

—

Samoa.

at see

1. on Saris:

temple The irae, note

Juno’s 11.

14. undergo,

pass as gods,

through.

to images or them

either their with

volvore,

in relics preserved other

and

chariot, ostia.

gods. the

object claus: of uity of queen peoples

was carried regularly

migrating

arms. to

ancient refers

doubtless Italiam

and governs

Cruet): Tiberina both as

wife Jupiter’s doSs:

in App.

Juno 374;

regina antiq 6.

de(Sr)um: Inferret

as (fu arms

here, in

poetry

often

short contrA, modifying

which 13.

longS:

313.

307, or 9. App. at

what. vexed

quidvo

dolens:

but usually long, is

ius in

ending

tives 4. App.

204,

tenuerunt;

passes;

with accusative cognate

343.

332, cause;

App.

melts:

adjec and

nine

pronouns the of

ending form these

for regions.

shorter tenuBro:

abs. had

abl. or abi. after

in landing conquer

of to

laosO: Italy.

(Jtinonis)

the of

genitive I

the

iflius the sition

(Junonis): of commerce

controlling for

the quo to referring

nUmine ibi. whom enemies 319;

and

ubi,

sihi,

tibi, of true he

399. called is to App.

elide hiatus;

failure

po strategic occupied

Mediterranean

short.

is The bellS: abl. (in)

same or place;

long I App. of

final AenSls).

either

an This with begins

word following

the midway of

on shore northern

Africa

may

poetry

have

the

in this (eat passes Lavinium. 5.

word

urbem:

naihi:

the although is

elided, not vowel

final and

the time,

on Carthage traders of their

compose poems.

able 374. their

to being of gift

the

SimS:

there. situated was the the

world, great were Phoenicians settled.

The

such source

divine

the App. 5-6.

some conderet,

purpose; Inierret:

assign

in famous the most of one to was said temples, have Carthage whence been

sourcer which

from whence, didf

undo

changef 5

rena oncef some Slim

(over)turn, ore, vertO, (at)

time,

marked, splen distinguished, manyt 5

so tot

inaignis,

Troyf 5

of urn

Trojan, ratherf 5

a, TrojAnus, more, magis f. empiret city a

and Rome,

bring tuft, InferS,

Roma, (into)f litus terre,

distancot situatedt is

which on

Rome river

at a (off), far longS alsot

forcof

drive,

quoque

the of

Tiber, urn an

Italian a,

Romef

Tiberinus,

pull, pulses cr0, dutyf 5

strike

(against), impollo,

desire, n. (1)1

pursuitf zeal, Africa, in mercial atudium, rival city

of North f. resentt

devotion, pietas, (at,

of loyalty, His with), angry sense

allowf sites

sivi,

permit, Carthage, sinS, com mis Karthigo, ore,

great

passus be itus I, (at), suffer, ul,

grieve Sre, endurej

doleO, suffer,

patior,

Junot

of the cherish,

worship fUtus Cro,

fovi, LoveS, fondlet

eetablisht’

artaf didi,

ditus ore,

found, condo,

trutht of if.

center

the of

Aegean, indeed,

island in for,

Samoa, enim

the

liberal Muse, settlert m.

goddess so of colonus,

MUss, colonist.

wheret

wealthy rich, (some) quA

di(ve)s, way, any

dl(vi)tis in (gen.)f

f. causet relatet 5

reason,

recount, (1) so

(re)call, memoro causa,

racef

elf, offspring, progenies, cart m. chariot, Us

çurrus,

heavenlyt

Romef around divine, o caelestls,

lessf

contri

facing (acc.)f 5

opposite,

Romot

central

city

Italy Italy,

central of mother of a. Latium,

(1)1

district

esteem after, in, place Itus Crc,

posthaboS,

cherishf honor,

Latiumf of Longa of Alb*nus,

in Alba Aiban,

em a, Latinus, sum Latin,

entrancef a. dwell mouth, (in), coin, (i)f Ostium, cultivate, ore,

cultus iii, countert

thwartt

power, wealtht

resources, opisf.

help, ops,

rough, asper,

fiercef harsh, era,

erum

offend, II hurt, (fyI), adeo, itus strike, Ire, sus approach, 51, laedo, ore, en

arcës;

quae verteret Tyriãs ohm audierat 20 Urbe anIqua coloul) (Tyrii fuit tenuere

duci sanguine TrojänO enim sed Progeniem irael’ caelestibus impulerit. animis Tantaene

fovetque.

tenditque qu turn jam i sinant, fota

insignein tot pietate virum, labOrës adire 10

esse,

dea gentibus rëgnum hie hoc fuit; currus dolOns cãstis tot quidve votvere regina deum

hic ihhius anna, SamO: coluisse posthabitä Müsa, lasso nf2mine quo mihi memorA, causäs

inam omnibus magis terris quam JunO fertur 15 Rômae. atque A1bnique moenia patres altae

asperrima beth; Ostia, studiisque dives opum

Inferretque Latinum genus Latiö unde deâs

—

Tiberinaque longe Karthago,

Itatiam contra. muUa quoque passus, dum beUO urbem couderet et

17 BOOK I, 13—20 16 TUE 5—12 AENEID, 18 THE AENEID, 21-28

hinc populum lãtë regem belloque superbum ventürum excidiO Libyae: sic volvere ParcAs. Id metuëns veterisque memor SAturnia beUl, prima quod ad Trojam pro cans gesserat Argis 25 (uecdum etiam causae irdrum saevique do1örs excideraut animo; manet aita mente repostuxn jüdicium Paridis spretaeque iujüria formae

et genus invisum ci rapti Ganymedis hon43rs) —

Argi, Orurn m. Argos, a city in Greece, memor, orb remembering, mindful, un center of the worship of Juno; Greecet forgetting (yen.)° cern., a, urn dear, fond, belovedt5 rnetuo, era, at fear, dreadf causa, se f. reason, cause n.cdum not yet, nor yett dolor, Otis m. pain, grief, anger, pas Parcae, 4mm f. the Pateef siont5 Paris, Idis m. Trojan prince, son of adorn besides, also, event5 Priam, eloped with Helen and thus excidlum, (1)1 n. destruction, overthrowf caused the Trojan Wart excido, are, I fall from, perisht populus, I m. people, nationt forms, ae f. beauty, shape, formt5 pro before, for, in behalf of (abL)f5 Ganymedes, is m. son of LaOmedon, rapio, are, at, ptus snatch (up), plundert king of Troy; carried off by Jupiter’s reponO, era, posul, pos(i)tus put (back, eagle and made cupbearer to the godst away), store upf’ gorO, era, gaul, gestus carry (on), waget saevus, a, urn cruel, stern, fierce injüria, so f. wrong, insult, injusticet Siturnia, so f. Juno, daughter of Saturn, invisus, a, urn hated, hateful, odioust father of the godst jfldiclurn, (i)i n. decision, judgmentt spares, are, sprévi, sprCtus despise, rejectt lité widely, far and widet superbus, a, urn proud, haughtyt Libya, so f. region of North Alricaj votes, aria old, former, ancientt

21. lilac: a Trojano sanguine, orab hac Saturn’s daughter, subject of arcibat. progonie. populurn: subj. of ventfirurn veteris beffi: the Trojan War. (ass.) (1. 22), an inf. in indir. disc., de-. 24. prima: (as) chief, leader, foremost, pending on audierat; App. 390. regem: modifies as (understood), which refers used like a participle (régnantem) here, to Juno. The goddess had taken a leading and modified by late. bells: abl. of part in assisting the Greeks against the respect, depending on superburn; App. Trojans. The reasons for her hatred of 325. the Trojans are given in U. 27-28. See 22. oxcidiO: dat. of purpose; App. 303; also Introd. 10. cArla Argis: Argos, a for the destruction. Libya.: for Africae, noted center of the worship of Juno, meaning especially K.arthaginl. Parcts stands here for all Greece and the Greeks. fAts: subject of volvere, The Parcae 25. Iràrum; poetic plural; see note on were represented as three sisters, Clotho ira. (1. 11), and ef. App. 243. (Spinner), who spun the thread of life for 26. (ax) anixno: abl. of separation; each mortal; Lachesis (Measurer), who App. 340. (in) alta monte: abl. of place measured the thread; and Atropos (In where, in her deep mind, i.e., deep in evitable), who cut the thread when any her mind; App. 319. repos(i)tum: the one had reached his allotted days. longer form, with its three successive

short syllables ( ‘-‘ ‘), could not be used Somewhere on an unknown shore, in hexameter verse. waters pour, Where the rivers of life their 27. judicium Paridis: refers to the sisters Sit three forevermore, famous Judgment of Paris. Read Tenny Spinning a silver thread.” son’s Oenone and see Introd. 10 for the sic (JOnO audiverat) Parcis velvet.. story. sprétse formae: appositional gen. 23. Id: the destined supremacy of with injuria; App. 281; the insult Ia, Rome and overthrow of Carthage (II. her slighted beauty, shown by the adverse 19-22). rnetuéns: modifies Siturnia decision of Paris. (JOno) and has Id as object. Siturnia: 28. gonna invisum: Juno hated tl

bronse. with sheathed were the ships

of alliterative. being verse Old

1ngThh

prows the

care: 411. App. alliteration; all nearly poetry, Germanic early of istic

the

note ruebant: aere salis spumAs character a special it is verse. early in

of dabant. subject (Troes): laetl 35. especially languages, all in is found words,

III). and II or TUE syllables successive in PARCAB sounds same

(Books to by Dido Aeneas narrated on Atineri, the lioas of the recurrence or Mc1eeiangelo

Alliteration,

later are

wandering) of years seven their 411. App. alliteration; called is repetition

and

Troy of (the fall events earlier a These such 1; the letter of repetition

the

city.

native their Troy, of destruction note Latin: longS 340. App. separation;

the since years

seven for wandering been (5) Latin: 2. 351, App. action; tinued

now

have They Sicily. coast of the from con of imperfect the 31. arcebat:

away sailing followers his and Aeneas to to escape. allowed had Achilles

introduced abruptly we are and tion,” and Greeks the whom Trojans those

the ac.

of the midst “into rSs: rnedias i.e., Achilles, of and Greeks the of nants)

plunged now is reader The 34. (rem leavings the genitives, subjective

Achilli: Dana(or)um, verse. hexameter

Italy. reaching be from in used may the word that so long

Trojans the and Aeneas keep to plans first syllable the making here, as 11, with

her of failure apparent the at chafes who spelled sometimes re Tros. (l)liquiks:

Juno,

of soliloquy Bitter p1. of acc. wanderings. form; a Greek TrOSs: 30.

their of end the of prospect at the happy 319. App. where; abl. place of

hope,

they as Italy, for Sicily from sail tOtS: aequore (in) Carthage. fears for

set

Trojans the and Aeneas 34—49. to addition her in i.e., verb, also, too,

ad super: (Juno). accCnsa U. in 26—28.

poem. whole the to duction been mentioned just have which hatred

intro.. a general as serves and Aeneid of Juno’s causes three chief to the ferring

the of section first to this close effective accCnsa, on and re— dependent 332; 331,

and a powerful forms lines, preceding cause: App. or means of abl. his: 29.

the summarizing line, This it. was effort Hebe. daughter, own Juno’s

so great of a.; 285, App. predicate; the of instead cupbearer, his made him who

in quality gen. of mSlis: by Tantae 33. Jupiter, beloved was he where heaven,

414. App. eagle by anastrophe; an into (rapt!) up snatched

called is This here. as noun, its after of Priam, brother youth, royal Trojan

placed often is the preposition poetry a in Ganymedis: hated rival. her Electra,

circum: omnia maria understood, TrOes of the son was of Trojans, the founder

modifies ago, of participle Act!: means. the Dardanus, but because also Paris,

of abl. fatis: errAbant. (TrOes) 32. of because partly race, Trojan whole

m. TrOis Tros, toss, Trojant* (1) jacta

buffet*

f. sprayf froth, foam, ae spuma, cruelj a lmmftis, fierce,

Italyt of south island viewt m. lIe sight, cOnspectus,

large a Sicily, of Sicilian, urn a, Siculus, lish

seat (water), salt n. (m.) salis sal, estab ditus didi, found, are, condO,

Rome, urn of a, ROrnknus, restraint Romante defend, keep off, src.S, era, a!

leaving(s) yeart I m.

annus,

f. remnant(s), rest, Arum re(l)liquiae, (sea) deep altum, the in.

f. difflcultyt burden, mass, is mOles, bronzet sea, sans a.

afar (off), far longs Troyt

Rome around before leader Greek m. AchiUSs, (I) is

Italy central of district n. (1)! Latiurn, enraget inflame, Sosus are,!, ascendS,

35 ruilbant, aere salis spumas of vëla laeti dabant

altum in tellüris Siculae cOnspectü Viz ë

gentem. condere Römãnam erat molis Tantae

circum. omnia maria fatis &ti errdbant

per annOs multosque Latio, arcëbat longë

Achilli, 30 immItis atque Danaum relliquills Troas,

toto aequore jactätös super accënsa 1zs

19 I, BOOK 29-35 20 THE AENEID. 36-44 BOOK I, o- 21 cumJiZnö aeternum servdns sub pectore vulnus turbine corripuit scopuloque Inftxit acütô; 45 haec sëcum: “Mëne incepto dësistere victam wit ego, quae divum iucëd regina Jovisque soror nec posse Italia Teucrorum Avertere regent? et et conjiinx, una cum genl.e tot annös Quippe vetor fatis. PaUasne exllrere classem bela gero. Et quisquam nümen Jünönis adOrat 40 Argtvum atque ipsos potuit summergere pontö praetereA aut supplex dris imponet honörem2” ünius ob noxam et furiAs Acis Ollel? Tdlia fiammtö secum dea corde volütflns Ipsa Jovis rapidum jacuIta e nübibus ignem nunbOrum in patriam, loca fëta furentibus Austris, disjecitque rats evertitque aequora ventis, Aeoliam venit. Hic vastö rex Aeolus antrU ilium exsplrantem tränsfIx pectore ,llammas luctantis ventös tempestatesque sonOrAs imperio premit ac vinclis of carcere frënat. aeternus, a, urn eternal, everlastingt’ jaculor, ArT, Atus hurl, throwt Ajex, Ads m. Greek leader, who in the noxa, ae f. crime, fault, hurt, harmf cütus, a, urn sharp, pointedt hifiga, ore, xi, zus fasten on, ha sack of Troy had torn Priam’s daughter, nfibbs, 1sf. cloud, mist, fogt adorO (1) worship, adore, honort palet Cassandra, from the sanctuary of ob on account of (ace.) Aeolia, ae /. one of the Liparian Islands lucton, Art, AraB wrestle, strugglet Minervat’ Oileua, el m. Greek king, father of Ajaxf near Sicilyf nimbus, I m. storm cloud, rainstonmf5 Arglvus, a, urn Argive, Greekt Pailas, adlsf. Minerva, goddess of wisdom Aeolus, I m. god of the windst patria, s.f. fatherland, countryf Averto, ore, 1, rsus keep off, turn asidet and the artst minus, I m. year5 praetene& besides, hereafter dAsistO, ore, stiti, stitus cease (from), do poatus, I m. seat* antrum I a. cave, eavernt5 promo, one, pressl, pressus (re)press, con sistt quippe truly, indeed, surely, foraootht Auster, tnt m. (south) windf5 trolf dlsjIclo, ore, jAci, jectus scatter, dis rapidus, a, urn swift, whirling. consum cancer, otis m. prison, inclosuret quisquarn, quaequam, quicquam any(one), perset ingt5 con, cordis n. heart, spirit, feelingst any(thing)f AvertO, ore, I, rsus (ovcr)turnt ratis, 1sf. raft, shipt condpio, ore, ul, reptus snatch (up) t scopulus, I m. rock, cliff, crag exsplrO (1) breathe out, exhalet surnmergO (subm—), ore, rat, rena sink, titus, a, urn teeming, pregnantt sonOrus, a, urn roaring, howlingf exurO, ore, ussi, ustus burn (up) t drowat flammo (1) inflame, kindlef soror, Onis f. sistert5 tuna., 8mm f, madness, raget transfigo, ore, xl, xus pierce, transfixt fnino (1) curb, cheek, restrainf supplex, icis suppliant, humblef” Inceptum, I a. beginning, undertaking, veto, Are, uT, itus forbid, preventt goro, ore, gessl, gostus carry (on), wage ternpest&s, Axis I. tempest, storznf purposet vulnus, otis n, wound, blowt5 impono, one, posul, positus place on tot so many5 (dat.)t5 turbO, mis m. whirl (wind, pool), stormf Incedo, ene, coast, cessus walk (proudly), vinc(u)lum, I a. bond, chainj5 38-37, JunO . . haec(dlxlt). importance. ponto: abl. of place where; stnidef volato (1) roll, 36 aeternum vulaus: the causes of App. 319, or means; App. 331. revolve, pondert been given above: her 4. aalus AjAcis Ollel: a whole fleet this anger have pectore: abl. of separation; the Judgment of Paris, was destroyed on account of one man. (ox) App. dat. with compound; App. 298. honO fear for Carthage, 340. rem: etc. sub poctoro: deep in her heart, For the short I in unius see the note on honor, i.e., an offering which would 45. turbine: abl. of means; App. 331. honor Juno. 37, sAcurn — curn sA; App. 321, a. IHius (I. 16). oh noxarn et tunas: Ajax, the son of Otleus, had desecrated the temple (allas) corripult. scopulo: dat. with mA: subj. of dAsistere. MAne: —no is Infixit; 50—80. Juno persuades Aeolus, god particle appended to the of Minerva du ing the sack of Troy, when compound or abl. of place where, interrogative as Infiga may take either construction; of the winds, to send forth a storm to pronoun, rnL before the very altar of the sanctuary he prevent Aeneas and the Trojans from 4pp, 298, 319. . . , nec posse: in had seized Cassandra, daughter of Priam 37—38: disinter. 46 ego: with reaching Italy. exclamatory question; I and priestess of Miners-a. Enraged at proud sell-consciousness finitives, in an u4in contrast with Minerva; desist from my undertaking and not such rash irreverence, Minerva later ego is never 50. Talia: used substantively, as ob beaten xpressed uniess emphatic. div(Or)um: be able, etc.; App. 262. (ab) Inoepto: abl. sank the ship of Ajax and destroyed him ject of volatans; such things, i.e., such vlctarn: from with lightning. AjAcls Ollel: of Ajar App. 37, d. thoughts. (in) flamurnatO condo: abi. of of separation; App. 340, tot annOs: (son) of Otleus. Observe that the A forms el. nec. of extent (dura place where; App. 319. sicum — curn vinco; it modifies me. gop) of time; App. 314; 38, (ab) Etaili: abl, of separation; a long syllable by position; App. 6, b., and ten years si, as in 1. 37; App. 321, a. pound Troy, and now seven more years 51. App, 340. TaucrOrurn: the Trojans are that —.1 of Ollel is here read as one syllable patriarn: with the first syllable the Trojans wander. finA cam short; often referred to as Teucnl, a name de by synixesis; App. 403. This Ajax was bile App. 17. AustrIa: abl. with fita, ento — curn Teucris. literally, rived from Teucer, one of the founders of less renowned than the other Ajax, son south winds, but often meaning 8. gerO: of past action continued into winds in the Trojan race. of Telamon. general; App. 433. feta furen 4ie present; App. 351, 1,b. Etquisquam: tibus: 39. Qulppe voter: ironical. latin: abl. 42. Ipsa: (the goddess, Miner’va) in note the alliteration; App. 411. ‘ can any one longer respect me, if I show 51-52. loca.. . Aeoliam: apposition — nOnne. Pallan person. She was the only divinity, ex of means; App. 331. -no such a weakling?” (Athina): Minerva. cept Jupiter, who might hurl the Iight nyself This figure is with patniarn. Hic: adverb, here. (ln’l rhetorical - 40. Argivurn: Argivorurn; App. 37, d. ning. Jovis lgnern: lightning. called a question. Jfinonis vastO antro: abl. of place where; App. 319. mern: Juno is speaking, but the use of 53. luctantis: ace. of an i-stem. ipsos: (the ,nasters) themselves, i.e., the 48. -quo . . . -quo: both . . . and; pl. name is more picturesque and 54. Argives, as contrasted with classern. polysyndeton; App. 439. own vindils: the longer form vincuils effcotive than the use of the possessive could often means the master, the one of 44, ilIum (Ajicem): with emphatic (—h’—) not be used in hexameter. Ipso iniperiO, most importance in a situation, as con first position, which contrasts it with the djective. vlnc(u)Us, carcoro: ablatives of trasted with persons or things of less ships and the sea previously mentioned. 49, mipplox: (as a,i suppliant. Axis: means; App. 331. fninat: a picture 22 ThE AENEID, 55-87 BOOK 1. 68-75 23

liii iudignantës magno curn murmure montis Ilium in Itoliam portans victosque penätts: circum elaustra fremunt; celsfl sedet Aeolus arcs incute v’irn ventis summersAsque obrue puppis, scëptra tenSns mollitque animös et temperat Ii-4s; aut age diversos et disjice corpora ponto. 70 ni faciaL, maria ac terrds caeiumque profundum Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, quippe ferant rapidi 8Scum verrantque per aurUs. quarum quae formä pulcherrhna, D5iopila, eo 2nd paLer omnipotns epSiuncis abdidit aLris cönubiU jungam stabilI propriamque dicflbo, hoc metuëns molemque et montis insuper aUös omnis ut tScum meritIs prO Wlibus annOs imposuit, rëgemque dedit qu foedere certö exigat et pu1chr faciaL iS prole parentem.” 75 et premere et laxAs sciret dare jussus habënAs. Ad quem turn Jfini) supplex his vöcibus usa est: annus, I m. year’ divinities of nature represented as 65 “Aeole, narnque tibi divurn paLer atque hominum rz bis twicef’ beautiful maidens dwelling in the mulcëre dedit fli2ctus et toilers ventO, cbntibium, Ci)I a. marriage, wedlockt forests, streams, meadows, mountains, et DClopea, aef. a nympht mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor etc.t gene inimica dicS (1) consecrate, dedicatet obmuO, ore, in. utus overwhelm, crushf disjicio, ere, jCci, jectus scatter, disperse abdo, crc, didi, ditus put away, hidet nCvigO(1) sail, navigator - penitCs, ium m. household gods f’ diversus, Acolus, I m. god of the winds at, nisi if not, unlesat’ a, urn scattered, diverset’ pontus, I m. sea’ exigo, celsus, a, urn lofty, high, towering’ omnipotCas, oaths almighty, uli-powerfult crc, Cgi, Actus complete, passf porto (1) carry, bear, bringf’ forum, certus, a, urn fixed, suret’ promo, ore, pressi, presaus (re)prees, so f. beauty, shape, form’ praestins, antis surpassing, excellent Ilium, claustrum, i a. bar(rier), boltt control4 (i)i a. Ilium, Troy, a city of pro before, for (abi.)’ foedus, erian, agreement, condition, treatyt profundus, a, urn deep, high, vastf Asia Minorf proles, is f. offspring, progenyf’ incutiS, fremo, ore, ui, itus murmur, roarf4 quippe indeed, surely, forsooth ore, cued, cussus strike (into) pmoprius, a, urn one’s own, permanentf (dat,)t habSna, ae mint rapidus, a, urn awift, whirling, consuming4 patcher, chra, chrum beautiful, hand f. jfinxi, hornS, mis m. (J.) juan, mortal, humant’ sceptrum, I n. staff, scepter, powert jungo, ore, jfinctus join, yoke, some, illustriousf’ imponS, ore, posul, positus place upon4 enS, ire, lvi (ii), Itus know (how), under unitet’ soptem sevenf indignor, hil, titus be angry, chafet standt meritum, I n. desert, meritf stabile, e firm, lasting, stablet nymphs, inirnicus, a, urn hostile, unfriendlyf sedco, Cre, s64l, sessus sitf’ ae f. nymph, one of the minor sumrnemgo (aubm—), ore, mci, rsus sink lasuper above, besideaf spClunca, so I. cave, cavernf laxus, a, urn loose, free, laxt supplex, iris suppliant, humble4 rhCnurn aequor: that part of the Medi bis septem: twice seven; mctuo, crc, iii fear, dread temperS (1) control, calm. refmaint more poetic terranean west of Italy, east of Corsica than to say moles, is mass, burden, structure’ Tyrmnenus, a, urn Tyrrhenian. of Etruria, simply fourteen. praestantl f. and Sardinia, and north of Sicily. corpome: abl. of quality; molilo, ire, lvi (ii), Ibis soothe, tamet a district of northwestern Italyf App. 330. 68. Ilium. . . portans victosque penti 72. foruM: abL. of respect; mulceo, Crc, let, lana calm, soothef fitor, I, usus use, employ (abi.)f App. 325; tic: see note on inforret dote (1. 6.). dependent on puicherrirna. murmur, uris n. murmur, roar, rumblef verrO, ore, i, versus sweept DCiopCa: They were bearing Ilium in their plan nom. by attraction into the case of the rel drawn f,om managing spirited horses, as 61. hoc: obj. of metuCns. inolem et to found a new city which should con ative pronoun, quae; the accusative would in 1. 63, premere et dare laxtis habCntis. months: alliteration; App. 411. moatis: tinue the race and the customs of the be expected, as object of jungam; App. 55. magnO rum mummuro snontis: allit acc. p1., an i-stem. Ilium (Troy) which had been destroyed. 242, a. quarurn: use the English demon eration (in) and onomatopu’ia; App. 411, 62. rOgem (Aeolurn) dedit (venUs), The origin of the worship of the penates, strative in translation, and read as though 434; murmur. is abi. of manner; App. 328. toedere certS: abi. of manner; App. 328. household gods at Rome, was lost in an you had: DCiopeam, quae (eat) eCrum 56. (in) celsa arce: abl. of place, 63. promore: object of sciret, wouLd tiquity; and the Romans explained this (nympharum) pulcherrima foruM, jun apparently a lofty seat within the cave or know (how) to grasp tightly, so as to draw and other old customs by referring their garn (tibi) stabili conubiS et (earn) di just outside on a mountain top. in the reins. For the figure of horseman beginnings to Troy. victos: defeated by cibo (tuarn) propriam. 57. scCptra: for the use of the poetic ship see the note on frCnat (1. 54). crUet: the Greeks in the Trojan War. 73. cOnubio: in wedlock, abl. of place plural seethenoteon irae (1.11). animOs mel. clause of purpose or characteristic; 69. incute: imp. vim venUe: allitera where or means; App. 319, 331. cOnUbiS (ventomurn) ot Irtis (ventomurn). App. 388, 389. dare: also obj. of sciret. tion; App. 411. ventis: dat. with a is trisyllabic by synizesis, and pronounced 58. at (Aeolus Id) Lariat iii molliat jussus (ti Jove): (when) ordered (by compound; App. 298. summerstis obrue as though written conubjo; App. 401. animos (ventomum) ot tomperet irtis Jupiter). puppis: overwhelm the sunken ships, i.e., jungam (tibi). dicibS (earn) propriam: (eoruin); Lariat is subi. in a pres. condit. 64. his vocibus: abl. with utor; App. sink and overwhelm the ships, a good I shall dedicate her (Deiopea) to you (as) contrary to fact; App. 382. 342. example of the figure known as prolepsis, your very oven. Juno was goddess of 59. (vonti) rapidi: the winds in their 65. Aeole: voc. dlv(Sr)uai pater atque or anticrpation; App. 440. marriage. propriam: with the first madness. serum rum aS; App. 321, a. hoininuin rex: Juppiter. tibi: for the 70. age: imp diversos (TeucrOs): syllable short; App. 17. caelum length of the final I, see the note on mild forant, venant (maria ac terMs i.e., drive the Trojans in different direc 74. tecum — rum tC; App. 321, a. quo profundurn). (1. 8). tions and scatter their corpses over the 75. prole: abl. of quality; App. 330, 60. pater ornnipotCns: Juppiter. (in) 66. mulcCre, toilero (ftuctas): objects sea; another example of prolepsis; App. or means; App. 331. pulchri prole paren opSiuncis titris anUS (1. 52), abl. of of dedit, has granted. ventS: abl. of 440. poutS: sin. of place where; App. tern: alliteration; App. 411. exigat, place whore; App. 319. abdldit (hiSs means; App. 331. 319. Lariat: result or purpose; App. 364, 38& ventos). 67. gens mimIcs uilhl: Tonerl. Tsr 71. mliii: dat. of possession; App, 299. parentem patrern 24 ThE AENEID, 76-5 BOOK I, 86—97 28 Aeolus haec contra: “Tuus, 0 rØna, quid optës Africus et vastOs volvunt ad lltora ftilctils: explorare labor; mihi jussa capessere ffis edt. Insequitur clamorque virum strldorque rudentum. T mihi quodcumque hoc rëgnl, iii scëptra Jovemque Eripiunt subito nübs caelumque diemque conciiAs, iii ddti epulls accumbere dlvum Teucrorum ex ocuLs; ponto nox incubat atra. so nirnborumque fads tempestAtumque potentem.” Intonuëre poll et crëbrls micat ignibus aethër ‘Jo Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversä cuspide montem praesentemque virls intentant omnia mortem. iinpulit in latus: ac venfl velut agmine facto, Extemplo Aenë.ae solvuntur frigore membra; quA data porta, ruuni et tenäs turbine perfiant. ingeinit et duplicis tendSns ad sidera palmas Incubuëre marl tötumque a sëdibus imls tUtia vOce refert: “0 terque quaterque beAti, so finA Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis qufs ante Ora patrum Tro,jae sub moenibus altls 95 contigit oppetere! 0 Danaum fortissime gentis accumbo, era, cubul, cubitus recline (at) lucumbo, era, cubul, cubitus lie upon, Tdid! mëne Iliacis occwnbere campis (dat.)t brood over (dat.) t Aaolus, I m. god of winds the jussum, I n. command, order aethAr, aria m. upper air, sky, ethert occumbo, era, cubisT, cubitus fall (in capesso, era, lvi, Itus (under)take, per labia, ens a. side, fiankt Africus, I m. (southwest) windf death)t formf nimbus, l m. storm cloud, rainstorm5 bektus, a, urn happy, blessedf oppeto, era, lvi (ii), ibis encounter, meet cavus, a, urn hollow. vaultedt Notes, I m. (south) windt coatings, ore, tigi, tictus touch, be (death) conciliS win over, t (1) unitet opto (1) desire, choose, hope (fr)+5 fallt5 palms, ae palm, handt5 contrA opposite, f. against, in reply perfio (1) blow (over, through)f crAber, bra, brum frequent, crowded5 polus, I m. pole, sky, beavent (accj ports, ae f. gate, door, openingf5 duplex, ida double, botht pontus, I m. sea5 converth, era, I, rsus turn (around), ye potAns, antis powerful, ruling (gen.t5 extemplo immediately, forthwitht praeaias, antis present, instantt versef procella, se f. blast, gustf fortis, a strong, brave, valiantf quater four timest crAber, bra, brum frequent, crowdedt qua where, in say way frigus, orls n. cold, chillt rudins, entis m. rope, cablet cuspis, idis f. point, speart qulcumque, quaecumque, quodcurnque Discus, a, urn of Ilium, Trojant solvO, era, I, solfltus relax, I. loose(n)t epulae, anise banquet, feastt whoever, whateverf5 incubo, Are, ul (An), itus (itus) lie upon, stridor, Oris m. creaking, grating, whir Rums, I m. (east) windf scAptmum, I a. staff, scepter, power brood over (dat.)t ringf explOro (1) examine, search outt tempestas, Aria f. tempest, storm; time ingemo, era, iii groant aubitO suddenlyf’ fis a. mdcci. right, divine law, dutyf turbo, mis m. whirl(wind, pool), storm Insequor, I, seciltus follow, pursuef tar thrice, three tiniest impello, era, pull, pulsus drive, strike fink together, at the same time+ intento (1) threaten, abut TdidAs. ge m. son of Tydeus, Diomedes, (against) velut(i) (even) as, just ear intono, Are, UI thunder, roart who fought against Aeneas in single membrum, i a. limb, member, part combat before Troy and would have mico, Are, ul quiver, fiasht killed him had not Venus 76. haec spirited her (dizit). optAs: indir. quest.; 81—123. Description of the storm which ntlbAs, 1sf. cloud, fog, mist son awayf App. 349. Tuna (eat) labor: thins (is) wrecks part of the Trojan ships and the task. Aeolus abeolves himself thus scatters the rest. crober; App. 325, 331. -qua, -que, -qua: and are no more dainty about the shed from responsibility, if his obedience to polysyndeton; App. 439. ding of tears than the shedding of blood. Juno gets him into trouble. 81. ubi heec dicta (aunt ab heolo). 86, vastOs volvunt: alliteration, em 93. duplicis: ace. p1. of an i-stem; 77. mihi: dat. of reference; App. 301. Observe the alliteration; App. 411. ployed very effectively here, as often in the first syllable is short; App. 17. In jussa (tue). 82. linpulit: Aeolus thus opens the the Aeneid, prayer the ancient Greeks and Romans 78. quodcumque hoc (eat) regni: barriers and lets out the winds, agmine 87. vir(Or)um: Aeneas and the other extended their hands with the palms up whatever this is the a kingdom, (in way) of facto: abl. abs.; App. 343; a figure of Trojans. -que, -qua: polysyndeton; ward, ready to accept the blessing. an exprenion of modesty. rAgni: part. speech drawn from military life, App. 439. 94. tAils (dicta). beati (vos): voca gen. with quodcumque; App. 286. 83. Observe the alliteration, every 88. diem lücem diAL -qua. -qua: tive. scAptra: for the plural see the note on word but one in this line containing a polysyndeton; App. 439. 95. quis ante ora patrum (vestrum) irae (1. 11). Tu: always emphatic, and t; App. 411. data (est). turbine: abi. 89. pontO: dat. with compound; App. sub mocula Trojae contigit oppetere here strengthened by repetition (anaph of manner; App. 328. 298. (mortem). quis = quibus; App. 109, C; ora); App. 413. 84. EncubuAre incubuArunt, from 90. IntonuAre = intonuArunt; App. observe the quantity of the i; dat. with 79. epulia: with dat. compound; App. incumbo. The perfect, after a series of 204, 4. ignibus (Jovia): lightning, abl. contigit; App. 298. ante öre: where their 298. The ancient Romans regularly re. presents, denotes rapid or instantaneous of means or manner; App. 328, 331. kinsmen and friends might witness their dined at mcal’3. div(or)urn: App. 37, d. action; they have fallen upon the sea. 91. vine = Teucris; dat. of reference; glorious deeds and death and might bury accumbere: of object dis, you grant (me) marl: dat. with compound; App. 298. App. 301. omnia: used substantively, their bodies, thus giving rest to their the privilege reclining. of As one of the tOturn (mare): obj. of ruunt, 1. 85. all things, as subj. of intentant. souls; for the souls of the unburied must lesser gods. Aeolus was dependent upon 85. ruunt: overturn. Eurus, Notes, 92. frigore: chilly fear; the ancient wander restlessly after death. the favor of the powerful more divinities. Africus: all the winds blow at once, and heroes were not ashamed to display their 96. oppetere (mortem): subject of 80. facis (mA) potentem nirnbomuin in their struggles produce a mighty storm. emotions, and often gave way to terror or contigit. Dana(Or)um: App. 37, d. tempestatumque. procellis: abi. of respect or means with grief. They weep copiously on occasion, 97. me: ubj. of potuisse. mine 26 THE AENEID, 98-10 BOOK I, 109-119 27 non potuisse tuque animam hanc effundere dextrd, (saxa vocant Ital! medils quae in fluctibus ArAs, saevus ubi Aeacidae tëLo jacet Hector, ubi ingëns dorsum immtZne marl summo), tris Euru ab alto 110 100 Sarpëdon, ubi tot Simols correpta sub undfs in brevia et syrtis urget, miseräbile vlstl, scüta v’irurn galeAsque et fortia corpora volvit!” inllditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae. Talia jactanti strldëns Aquione procella narn, quae Lycios fIdumque vehëbat Orontën, vium adversa ferit, fluctlsque ad sidera tout. ipsius ante oculos ingens ii vertice pontus Franguntur rrni, turn prora ãvertit et undis in puppirn ferit: excutitur prOnusque magister 115 dat latus, Insequitur cumulö praeruptus aquae mOns. votvitur in caput; wit illarn ter fluictus ibidem HI summO tn flucti pendent; hIs unda dehlscëns torquet agens circurn et rapidus vorat aequore vertex. terrarn inter fiuctus aperit, furit aestus harënls. AppArent rAn nantës in gurgite vastO, TrIs Notus abreptAs in saza latentia torquet arma virum tabulaeque et TrOia gaza per undJs. abrlplô, era, ul, reptus carry off, snatch Hector, orla m, leader of the Trojansf5 gpr, erie m. mound, wall, bankt Lycius, a, urn Lycian, of Lycia, a country awayt Insequor, 1, socütus follow, pursue5 In. the deep (sea) of Asia Minort adversus, a, urn opposite, in frontt* Jacob, era, ul, Itus lie (low, outapread)f pRreO, Cro, in, inns appeart magister, tn m. master, pilott Asacidés, as m. descendant of Aeacua, jacto (1) toss, buffet, utter5 i°5 rum f. the Altars, a ledge of rocks miserabilis, a pitiable, wretchedt Achilles, Greek chieftaint lateb, era, ul lie hid, hide, lurkt letween Sicily and Africat nO (1) swim, floa.t aestus, us m. boiling (surge), tidet latus, erie a. side, fiank a short, shallowt OrontCs, is (I) m. comrade of Aeneast aporlo, Ire, ul, ertus open, discloset* Notus, I m. (south) wind , are, clnxi cinctus gird(le), en- pontus, I m. sea4 aqua, as f. waterf pandeo, era, pependi hangt’ pronus, a, urn Leaning forward, headlongt Aquilo, Onis m, (north) windf praeruptus, a, urn steep, toweringt I n. back, ridge. reeft rapidus, a, urn swift, whirling, consuming4 RvartO, era, I, rena turn away, avert procella, aef. blast, gale I m. (east) wind rams, a, urn scattered, far apartt corrlpib, era, ul, reptus snatch prora, aol. prowt ore, cussi, cussus cast out, shako syrtis, isf. sand bar, reeft cumulus, I m. heap, masat saevus, a, urn fierce, cruel, stern5 tabula, aof. plank, boardt dehlscO, ore, hivi gape, split, opent SarpédOn, onls m. king of Lycia, ally of !eO, Ira strike, beat ten three times, thrice5 effundo, are, ffidl, fOsus pour outt* the Trojanat dus, a, urn faithful, trustworthyt4 torqueO, era, raE, rtus turn, twist, whirl fcr16, Ire strike, beatf sctiturn, I n. shieldt gaza as!. treasure, wealtht trCs, tria three5 fortis, a strong, brave, valiant5 Sirnois, antis m. river near Troyt 1 gurgee, itis m. abyss, gulf, whinlpoolt TrOius, a, urn Trojan, of Troyt5 frango, are, frSgi, frhctus break, shut strld(o)O, ke, dl creak, rustle, roarf barena, as I. sand, beach5 urgaO, era, unsi drive, force, preset tert5 torqueo, era, rsl, rtus turn, twist, whirlf’ t1dom in the same placet vadurn, I n. shallow, shoal, depth(s)t galea, aef. helxnett tot so many ore, aT, sue dash against (into) vaho, era, vCxi, vectus carry, convey harSna, as /. sand, beacht trés, tria threet clot.)t vertex, Icis m. top, summit; whirlpoolt5 tØs, a, urn Italiant vorO (1) swallow (up)t potuisse: could I not, etc., inf, in an jactanti. Aquilono: abl. of means; App. exclamatory question; App. 202. Tdlde: 331. Item, object of torquat. saxa. . . saxa: 113. Unarn (nivern). OrontCn: ace., vocative. Aeneas engaged in a disastrous 103. tent: from fenlo; not to be con flapbora; App. 413. medlis In filled a Greek form. duel at Troy with Diomedes and barely fused with the verb fero. adversa kuB: in the middle (of the) waves; App. 114. ipsius (Aeneaa): of the master, a escaped with his life, being rescued by his (procella). ad sidera: such exaggerated l6. quac ssxa Itall vocaat Aras: quae common use of ipsa. Compare ipsa mother, the goddess Venus. (in) campis: language is called hyperbole; App. 428. sarelative adjective agreeing with saxa; (1. 42) and ipsOs (1. 40). For the length abi, of place where; App. 319. occum 104. rérnI: the ancient ship used both a is object of vocant, and Aras is of the second vowel, see the note on bare (mortl): complementary infin. with oars and sails. prora (se) Avertit at predicate accusative. Aras: the Altars, illius (1. 16). a vertice: from high above. potulsse, as is also effundera in I. 98. undis dat latue (navis). Ine oman name for a ledge of rocks off femit: from fanlO. 98. Izanc mearn. (tuA) dextrS (manfi): 105. cumulo: abl. of manner; App. te African coast, just outside the han 115. in: upon. axcutitun (é nail). abl. of means; App. 331. 328. mOna: more hyperbole; App. 428; of ancient Carthage. 116. in caput: headlong. 111am (aS 99, tête (Ictus): (slain) by th speur. note the smashing effect of the mono 110. (In) marl surnrno: at the surface yarn): contrasted with the helmsman Observe the emphasis obtained by syllable at the end of the line. of thesea; abl. of place where; App. 319, (rnagisten). anaphora of ubi; App. 413. 106. HE (yin), his (vine): dative of 246, donsum: apposition with saxa. 117. (in) aequore: abl. of place where; 100. SarpSdbn (jacet): an ally of the reference; App. 301. hI . . . his: $8 (nails): object of urget. App. 319. Trojans. Simols, , , volvit, these. . . for those; some. . . for others, 111, mlsenabila vlsu: piteous to be 118. nantes: pros. part. of nO, modi 101. vlr(or)unz. correpta sub undis: referring to the crews of different ships; $old; miserable is a neuter adjective fying nArl (vini), anrna, tabulaa, and gaza, goes with scfita and galeas as well as with anaphora; App. 413. modifying the idea expressed in the pre but agreeing with the nearest word, ran corpora and refers to the corpses and 107. terrarn: the bottom (of the sea) ceding sentence, while visfi is the supine (vhf), men here and there; App. 238. armor of slain warriors swept along by the hyperbole is continued; App. 428. of video and an abl. of respect; App. 325. 119. vlr(On)urn. arma: such as (under) the water. harenis: with the aands, abl. of means; 112. vadls — In vada, dat. of direction, wooden shields and leather helmets made 102. (Aeaéae) jactanti: dat. of ref App. 331. eonnetimas used instead of the aco. of of light and buoyant material. gaza: the erence; App. 301. Tilla (dicta): obj. of 108-109. TnIe (n4vle): ace. p1. of an i p’ace to which; App. 306. first syllable is long by position; App. 15.

(mae). temper ugly her 411. App.

onomatopoda; and (m) .tion

and

(dcli)

nature

tricky her knew he and alliter munuure:

niiscini magno

124.

brother. Juno’s was Neptune fnitrem:

4. 204, App.

latuerunt; latuire 130. the sea.

ceinia

428. App. hyperbole; ruinS: and winds the

h. rebukes

Intervenes;

casH (ease).

oppresses Troas vld.t) (at g.a, the of god

Neptune,

124-456.

form. Greek a p1., ace. Trois: 129.

319. App. where;

maria. aquarn

place

abl. of

aequore: totO

(in) 128. lrnbrem 83, 105. ll. — Cf. 328, 331. App.

246. App. manner; or means of abl. rule: 128.

wave; the

of the 340; crest from App.

(nivia).

separation; of

abl. (ox) undi: 127. omnis abs. or aN.

or instrument,

127). 1.

caput (placidum calm ward means abi of

122 cempig*bus lame

out

maintains he god a as

spirit, in 413.

App.

anaphora; ot qua:

qua.

. ,

disturbed

although

(anirnO): commotus at Aletis, eat)

quA

(vectus (navem) at

319.

App.

where; place of abl. sea; the Abis, (eat) quA vectus

at (niveni)

121.

alto: over

(in) 340. App. separation;

413. App.

ness;

abl.

vadis:

(ox) (ease).

refOsa

126.

the vivid to adds

jam: anaphora Jam

(ease). irnlssam 125. Achitae fortis (nivem) 403

App

328.

329,

App. or manner; cumstance synisesis; by

one syllable as

pronounced

cir

attendant of abi. murmurs: of 434. final the with gen., Ilionel: 120.

convey’

carry, vectus vixl, ens, veho, meantimef’

meanwhile, Interel

mightyt

stout, strong, urn a, validus, unfriendly

hostile, a, urn Inimicus,

depth(s) shoal, a. shallow,

I vadum, watert flood, rain, brie Imber, in.

Trojan’ m. Trois Tros, loadert

in. Trojan el

Ilioaeua,

deptht

waters, a. still I f. atignurn, stormt’ winter, ends hienig,

perceivat feel,

senses ainsi, Ire, seutiO, greatlyt violently. heavily,

graviter

ruint downfall, aef. ruins, oldt aged, a,

urn grandaovus,

fissuret crack, as dma, brotherf’ m. triter, the

backt pour Mans Mdl, ore, refnndO, valiant strong, brave, forti,e

sect gapet open, •ro split,

fatisco,

(on),

out

look apectus apexi, are, prospicie, fortht send miagu. mist, ore, imittO,

sea’ t pontus, in. lift (up)f’ flitu. raise, extuli terre, effero,

poacefult’ quiet, calm, urn a, placidns, fraudf’ trick, wiles, deceit, i doles, in.

cruaht disperse scatter, ore, jectus jici, diajiclo,

overwheli, preasus era, presii, oppnlmo, fasteningt

seam, joint, compagis, 1sf.

seat’

the of god Neptune, m. I lieptOnus, turbt

rumble roar, murmur, n. uris murmur, die move, motes moyl, ire, comrnoveO,

stirt’ (sea) the deep I altum, n.

confuse, mix,

muxtus ul, ire, mlsceo, leadert Trojan so Alitis, in.

lax open, loose, urn a, laxus, Aeneast’

flank’ side, n. aria latus, of comrade faithful

m, as AcMtia,

(of)’

thenotice escape hid, lie ire,ul lateo, leaden Trojan antis m. Ibis,

et lrae doll latuëre Nec friitrem iso Jüflöfli8

ruinä. TrOas caelique oppressas flli4ibwl

classem, aequore totö videt Aen&ze Disjectam

extulit und6. caput placidum summã proapiciens

alto commotus; et graviter vadis, refüsa stägna

lmis Neptunus sënsit et hiemem ëmisaamque iso

pontum murmure miscëri Intere magno

fatiscunt. rlmlsque imbrem mimicum accipiunt

omnes laterum compgibus laxls hiems; vicit

Alëtës, qu4 grandaevus Abas, et qu4 et veCtU8

AchAtae, fortis validam iso Ilionet jam n4vem, Jam

TEE 120-180 AENEID,