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[PDF]The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome The Myths & Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome E. M. Berens p q xMetaLibriy Copyright c 2009 MetaLibri Text in public domain. Some rights reserved. Please note that although the text of this ebook is in the public domain, this pdf edition is a copyrighted publication. Downloading of this book for private use and official government purposes is permitted and encouraged. Commercial use is protected by international copyright. Reprinting and electronic or other means of reproduction of this ebook or any part thereof requires the authorization of the publisher. Please cite as: Berens, E.M. The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. (Ed. S.M.Soares). MetaLibri, October 13, 2009, v1.0p. MetaLibri http://metalibri.wikidot.com [email protected] Amsterdam October 13, 2009 Contents List of Figures .................................... viii Preface .......................................... xi Part I. — MYTHS Introduction ....................................... 2 FIRST DYNASTY — ORIGIN OF THE WORLD Uranus and G (Clus and Terra)........................ 5 SECOND DYNASTY Cronus (Saturn).................................... 8 Rhea (Ops)....................................... 11 Division of the World ................................ 12 Theories as to the Origin of Man ......................... 13 THIRD DYNASTY — OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES ZEUS (Jupiter).................................... 17 Hera (Juno)...................................... 27 Pallas-Athene (Minerva).............................. 32 Themis .......................................... 37 Hestia (Vesta)..................................... 38 Demeter (Ceres)................................... 39 Aphrodite (Venus).................................. 46 Helios (Sol)...................................... 50 Eos (Aurora)..................................... 54 Pbus-Apollo .................................... 55 Hecate.......................................... 70 Selene (Luna)..................................... 71 Artemis (Diana).................................... 73 H (Vulcan)................................. 82 Poseidon (Neptune).................................. 85 iii SEA DIVINITIES Oceanus......................................... 90 Nereus ......................................... 91 Proteus ......................................... 91 Triton and the Tritons ............................... 91 Glaucus ......................................... 92 thetis .......................................... 92 Thaumas,Phorcys, and Ceto ............................ 93 Leucothea ....................................... 94 The Sirens ....................................... 94 Ares (Mars)...................................... 95 Nike (Victoria).................................... 98 Hermes (Mercury).................................. 99 Dionysus (Bacchus).................................. 105 A¨ides (Pluto)..................................... 110 Plutus .......................................... 115 MINOR DIVINITIES The Harpies ...................................... 116 Erinyes,Eumenides (F,D)......................... 117 M or Fates (P)............................... 118 Nemesis ......................................... 119 NIGHT AHD HER CHILDREN: DEATH, SLEEP, AND DREAMS Nyx (Nox)....................................... 119 Thanatos (Mors) and Hypnus (Somnus)..................... 120 Morpheus........................................ 121 The Gorgons ...................................... 121 G .......................................... 122 Sphinx .......................................... 122 Tyche (Fortuna) and Ananke (Necessitas)................... 124 Ker............................................ 125 Ate ............................................ 125 Momus.......................................... 126 Eros (Cupid,Amor) and Psyche .......................... 126 Hymen .......................................... 130 Iris (The Rainbow).................................. 130 iv Hebe (Juventas).................................... 131 Ganynedes ....................................... 132 The Muses ....................................... 132 Pegasus ......................................... 135 The Hesperides .................................... 137 Charites (Gra) or Graces............................ 137 H (Seasons).................................... 138 The Nymphs ...................................... 139 Water Nymphs Oceanides, Nereides, and Naiades....................... 139 Oceanides................................... 140 The Nereides................................. 140 The Naiades.................................. 140 Dryades, or Tree Nymphs............................ 141 Nymphs of the Valleys and Mountains Napææ and Oreades............................... 141 The Winds ....................................... 143 Pan (Faunus)...................................... 143 The Satyrs ....................................... 147 Priapus ......................................... 149 Asclepias (Æsculapius)............................... 150 ROMAN DIVINITIES Janus........................................... 152 Flora .......................................... 153 Robigus ......................................... 154 Pomona ......................................... 154 Vertumnus ....................................... 154 Pales........................................... 154 Picus ........................................... 155 Picumnus and Pilumnus ............................... 155 Silvanus ......................................... 155 Terminus ........................................ 155 Consus ......................................... 156 Libitina ......................................... 156 Laverna ......................................... 156 Comus .......................................... 156 The C ...................................... 157 v Genii ........................................... 157 MANES — Lemures (Lar) and Lares .................... 158 Penates ......................................... 158 PUBLIC WORSHIP OF THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS Temples ......................................... 159 Statues ......................................... 161 Altars .......................................... 161 Priests.......................................... 162 Sacrifices ........................................ 162 Oracles ......................................... 164 Soothsayers (Augurs)................................ 165 Festivals ........................................ 165 GREEK FESTIVALS Eleusinian Mysteries ................................ 166 Thesmophoria ..................................... 166 Dionysia ........................................ 167 P ....................................... 168 Daphnephoria ..................................... 169 ROMAN FESTIVALS. Saturnalia ....................................... 170 Cerealia ........................................ 170 Vestalia......................................... 170 Part II. — LEGENDS Cadmus ......................................... 173 Perseus ......................................... 174 Ion ............................................ 178 Dalus and Icarus ................................. 179 The Argonauts .................................... 180 Story of the Golden Fleece........................... 182 Pelops .......................................... 194 Heracles (Hercules)................................. 195 Bellerophon ...................................... 214 Theseus ......................................... 216 Œdipus.......................................... 225 The Seven against Thebes .............................. 227 vi The Epigoni....................................... 230 A and the Necklace............................. 231 The Hera..................................... 233 The Siege of Troy................................... 235 Return of the Greeks from Troy ......................... 252 vii List of Figures page Ares Ludovisi..................................... xv Cronus........................................... 9 Saturn.......................................... 10 Zeus........................................... 19 “The Farnese Bull”.................................. 23 Hera........................................... 28 Hera........................................... 31 Athene.......................................... 34 Athene.......................................... 35 Minerva......................................... 36 Vesta........................................... 39 Demeter......................................... 41 Ceres........................................... 45 Aphrodite........................................ 48 “Vénus de Milo”................................... 49 Colossus of Rhodes.................................. 54 Apollo.......................................... 56 Apollo Citharœdus.................................. 58 “Apollo Belvedere”.................................. 61 Niobe.......................................... 66 Sibyl........................................... 69 “Diana of Versailles”................................. 72 Artemis.......................................... 74 Meleager........................................ 77 Hephæstus........................................ 84 Poseidon......................................... 85 A hippocamp...................................... 87 Triton.......................................... 92 A Siren.......................................... 94 viii Ares........................................... 96 A Herma.......................................
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