menziesia Newsletter for the NPSBC Native Plant Society of British Columbia Spring 2004 Volume 9, Issue 2 Giant Hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum: A Nasty Invasive Plant Species in British Columbia by Nick Page, Raincoast Applied Ecology ([email protected]) and Ron Wall, Parksville Streamkeepers Society ([email protected])
What’s inside Events ...... 2 Spring Plant Sales ...... 2
Nick Page and giant hogweed in Vancouver. The Moss Triple Crown .....4 Native Plants - Aided or iant hogweed or giant cow-parsnip, Heracleum mantegazzianum Abraded? ...... 9 Sommier & Levier (Apiaceae), is a conspicuous and potentially Gtroublesome exotic plant species which is in its initial stages of Fragaria becomes Potentilla11 invasion in southwest British Columbia. Because management is most The Lovely Calypso ...... 12 effective on small populations during population expansion, the purpose of this article is to raise awareness and improve management, particularly Calendar Project ...... 13 focusing on eradication, early in the invasion process in British Columbia. A Plant Profile ...... 14 detailed description of its current distribution in British Columbia is included. cont’d p. 5 winter 2004 • 1 NPSBC Board of Directors Frank Skelton, President Events Spring [email protected] Twinflower Enterprises 3860 West 19th Ave., Vancouver BC, V6S 1C8 Plant Tel: 604-228-8879 Committees: Development, Education, Research Victoria Native Plant Anna Colangeli , Vice-President Study Group [email protected] Sales 4093 San Capri Terrace Victoria BC, V8N 2J5 250-477-4210 by Ross Waddell Committees: Education, Research Fall September 16, 2004 - Lost Streams n spring, many NPSBC David Blundon, Treasurer [email protected] of Victoria - Jennifer Southurst - members’ minds and wallets 2898 Ilene Terrace, Victoria BC, V8R 4P1 Fisheries and Oceans Canada turn towards the purchase of Tel: 250-598-1501 (H). Fax: 250-370-3437 I Committees: Development, Research native plants for their gardens. To October 21, 2004 - University of meet this interest, the NPSBC has Angela Deering, Secretary Victoria Ecosystem Care and [email protected] been involved in the development of 2544 Empire Street Restoration Projects - Magnus Bein Victoria BC, V8T 3M6 three native plant sales held in the 250-595-5820 & others Restoration of Natural South Coast and Islands regions of Committees: Development, Education Systems graduates the province. Though the supply of Eva Antonijevic November 18, 2004 - Somenos native plants at retail nurseries and [email protected] RR 2, 2177 Porter Rd, Roberts Creek BC, V0N 2W5 Garry Oak Restoration Project - An garden centres has been growing 604-886-9835 somewhat over the years, most Committee: Development. Overview - Dave Polster - Plant Ecologist species are still not commonly Ray Coupé available or sell out early in the [email protected] Southern Interior Forest Region, Ministry of Forests Spring season. These sales offer the best 200-640 Borland St., Williams Lake BC, V2G 4T1 January 20, 2005 - The Gorge Tel: 250-398-4717 opportunity to see and purchase the Committees: Research Restoration Project - Paula Hesje, many native species that are Shona Ellis Project Manager - The Land produced by the native plant nursery [email protected] Conservancy industry; to meet nursery owners, 208-1350 Comox St., Vancouver BC, V6E 4E1 Tel: 604-682-3069. Fax: 604-822-6089 February 17, 2005 - TBA native plant experts and enthusiasts; Committees: Development (Chair), Education and to get information on growing Perry Grilz March 17, 2005 - TBA native species in the garden. [email protected] Ministry of Forests 1011 4th Ave., Prince George, BC, V2L 3H9 April 21, 2005 - Rithet’s Bog The Pacific Northwest Plant Sale Tel: 250-565-6148 (W), 250-962-5168 (H). Restoration Project - Sharon has developed to become the largest Fax: 250-565-4383. Committees: Research, Education (Chair) Hartwell - Project Manager event of its kind in the western US Rose Klinkenberg and Canada. The event was founded [email protected] at the University of British Richmond BC Committees: Research, Development NPSBC Columbia Botanical Garden in 1998, Vanessa Pasqualetto and following a one-year hiatus, it [email protected] 2004 returned for its fifth year this April. Vancouver, BC Committees: Development, Education, Research Annual General Meeting The sale brings together most of the specialty native plant nurseries from Patrick Williston The date for this year’s AGM has [email protected] not been set yet but it will likely be the South Coast and Islands regions Mnium Ecological Research of the province which sell direct to Box 4979, Smithers BC, V0J 2N0 in October and be held in the Lower Tel: 250-877-7702 Mainland somewhere. the public in a farmer’s market setting. This year, there were eight Rossalynn Woodgate Details will be given in the next [email protected] nurseries selling over 250 species of Woodgate Native Plant Services issue of Menziesia. Box 508, Duncan BC, V9L 3X8 plants native to the West Coast, from Tel: 250-748-2558 Committees: Development, Education, Research Alaska to northern California. The event was a great success with participating nurseries selling out much of their stock.
2 • menziesia First conceived of and chaired by FOGs who is also a world-renowned Skelton and with additional NPSBC member Rozalyn Harris, the breeder of berry crops. As part of assistance in recent years from a event has been organized by the our media promotions, Dr. Daubeny number of NPSBC members. The NPSBC and the UBC Friends of the was able to provide expert native section offers plants that have Garden in cooperation with the information on the use of native been grown or potted up by Frank Botanical Garden. Many NPSBC species in the breeding of and Erin and their volunteers, members have been involved in the blueberries, raspberries, blackberries together with plants purchased from coordination of the event over the and strawberries. The sale was also specialty native nurseries, or sold years including Diane Douglas, Ross honoured to have the participation of direct by them at the event. To Waddell, Frank Skelton, Eva a number of groups involved with demonstrate how native plants can Antonijevic, Rozalyn Harris and non-timber forest products. They be used in the garden, a popular Hugh Daubeny. This year, over 30 include the new Centre for Non- display has been designed and volunteers from the NPSBC joined Timber Resources (CNTR) at Royal installed each year by volunteer together with volunteer members Roads University, which supports Marilyn Mount. This year, the native from the Friends of the Garden to and encourages sustainable plant section saw record sales of run the sale. For the first time, a utilization of non-timber forest $9,000 over a five hour period. central cashier service was offered resources; the Siska First Nation On the same weekend as the and while there were a few from Lytton BC which sells a range VanDusen sale, the Swan Lake problems, including a disconnection of products including jellies, teas Christmas Hill Nature Sanctuary in the power cord for the credit card and soaps made from native species; held its ninth annual Gardening for line, it is hoped the centralized and the Wilp Sa Maa’y Harvesting Wildlife Weekend in Victoria. This service will make payment easier Cooperative, a First Nations two-day event features a native plant and more efficient for the customer. enterprise producing jams and sale, workshops on gardening with jellies, which was formed by the The Pacific Northwest Plant sale has native plants and tours of the nature Gitanyow, Gitxsan & Wet’suwet’en a number of objectives, among them sanctuary and its native plant in Northern BC. making native plants available to the garden. The NPSBC is pleased to public; educating the public about The Pacific Northwest Plant Sale is have been a sponsor of this event for native plants and habitats in general; a fund-raising mechanism for the the past six years, with funds encouraging stewardship of the NPSBC and the Botanical Garden directed to one of the educational natural and urban environments; and and participating nurseries workshops. More information on the supporting development of British generously donate 25% of their event is available on the nature Columbia’s native plant nursery gross profits for development of the sanctuary’s website at industry. The event is enhanced with NPSBC and the BC Native Garden www.swanlake.bc.ca/plantsale.htm. exhibits by organizations working at the Botanical Garden; other These three spring native plant with native plants and habitats, and vendors also contribute in the form events are an important service tours of the BC Native Garden led of participation fees. The gross offered to NPSBC members and to by NPSBC and FOG members as income from plant sales over the the public at large. Thanks are due to well as UBC Botanical Garden staff. four hour event this year was a all the nursery and other vendors, Tour leaders from the NPSBC have record $30,000 and the donation to exhibitors, tour leaders and other included Terry Taylor, Mildred the NPSBC, combined with other volunteers who have contributed to Greggor, Douglas Justice, Allison event revenue, amounted to around the sales over the years. The NPSBC McCutcheon and Brian Compton. $2,300. has planned a meeting of nursery This year, the event focused on On the following weekend, owners from the South Coast and native edible species and plant sales VanDusen Botanical Garden in Islands regions of the province in were complemented with the sale of Vancouver was the setting for the August to discuss the future of these non-timber forest products (NTFPs) twenty-sixth annual VanDusen Plant events. It is hoped that the NPSBC - food and related products made Sale. This is the largest plant sale in can continue to support the from sustainably harvested plants, British Columbia and the native development of the native plant and organic gardening products. The plant section is a major component nursery industry in the province and event was fortunate to have as its of the event. Frank Skelton has promote the sourcing of plants for its chair this year, Dr. Hugh Daubeny, a chaired the section for the last nine members and the general public. member of both the NPSBC and the years in partnership with Erin
winter 2004 • 3 The Moss Triple Crown By Patrick Williston, Gentian Botanical Research
eople with an interest in BC’s fine patina of leafy liverworts, I have evolved parasol-shaped landing moss flora will be familiar began to find this once elusive pads on their capsules upon which Pwith Wilf Schofield’s species everywhere. In fact, virtually the flies alight, which aids spore wonderful book “Some Common every hike I go on now features a dispersal. However, most species in Mosses of British Columbia.” On race with my partner Paula this family do not have parasols, page 33, Schofield draws attention Bartemucci to see who will spot one such as the reasonably common to “Some Uncommon Mosses of first. And inevitably they appear, a Tetraplodon mnioides, which is the British Columbia,” or what I like to scattered few with their distant gazes moss we found in the bog on that call the Moss Triple Crown. And fixed on the horizon and their noses day. It would be many years before I while, in most cases, these are not (operculae) lifted, in what can only finally came upon a Splachnum with the rarest mosses in the province, be construed as an uppity posture. minute parasols; Splachnum luteum, their startling peculiarities have Subsequent botanising has also lead clustered on a tidy pile of moose instantaneous allure, and for me to encounters with the soil dwelling dung somewhere on the Nechako they’ve become a bit of an Buxbaumia aphylla and the secretive Plateau, its bright umbrellas looking obsession. It did not take long to Buxbaumia viridis (a protected much like tiny yellow Mycena decide that I had to find them as a species in Washington State) which mushrooms. What a beauty, and well rite of passage, a signal that I had make the full complement of this worth the wait. Splachnum rubrum attained an understanding of at least is the only other parasol-bearing the basics of bryology, the study of species that occurs in BC and it is mosses, liverworts and hornworts. known from only a few localities And so a quest was born, a quest for from the central region of the the Moss Triple Crown: bug moss province. (Buxbaumia), umbrella moss (Splachnum) and goblin’s gold (appearing as “luminous moss” in Schofield’s book, (Schistostega pennata)). My first success came while
working in the Interior Cedar- om Schofield (1992). Hemlock forests in Wells Gray Park. Fr I was documenting the vegetation of an old growth forest and was Buxbaumia piperi. examining the liverworts inhabiting a large decayed log when I spied a genus in BC. This family has one slender bumpy stalk that apparently other representative in BC, Diph- once held aloft a capsule, one that yscium foliosum, which Schofield had since been consumed by a found in Lynn Canyon and else- gluttonous beetle. My pulse where on the west coast (Schofield quickened...could it be? And indeed et al. 2004). Rare in BC, this species it was; a few days later I is more common in eastern Canada. encountered the entire unmolested My first experience with the plant perched on another log, Splachnaceae was on a trip to Burns capsule poised as if about to deliver Bog with Shona Ellis and Wilf a venomous strike, the revered bug Schofield himself, two bona fide om Schofield (1992). moss, Buxbaumia piperi. Once I moss fanatics. The Splachnaceae are Fr recognized its preferred substrate, dung dwellers which rely on flies to well decayed wood (or as I like to transport their spores to new dung call it, cube-rot) usually covered in a heaps. To this end, several species Splachnum rubrum.
4 • menziesia Takakia lepidozioides and Takakia Cover story cont’d ceratophylla. For many years it defied description, moss or liver- wort, in part because sporophytes had never been found. That changed when a colleague of Schofield’s discovered sporophytes on a Identification and specimen from the Aleutian Islands, Biological om Schofield (1992). which helped determine that it had Fr greater similarities to mosses. Characteristics Populations are known from the H. mantegazzianum is a member of Schistostega pennata. BC’s north coast and from Haida the carrot family (Apiacae) whose Gwaii. In fact, Takakia Lake on native range is the Caucasus There was only one of the trinity left Moresby Island is named after the Mountains in southwest Asia (Tiley to discover, and it was the most puzzling moss that graces its alpine et al., 1996). It is closely related to a valuable of them all: goblin’s gold, shores. However, it is difficult to get widespread native species, Schistostega pennata. I looked there if you don’t own a helicopter Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow- everywhere, never passing a root tip- (and I don’t); which is to say, I still parsnip; previously known as up without a thorough inspection, have not found this hidden gem, and Heracleum lanatum Michaux), but all was for naught; it simply so my search continues. Will it end which is found in wet meadows, wouldn’t be found. Instead, I had to with Takakia? I suspect not. In fact, roadsides, and moist forests wait until it found me. It happened I suspect that Schofield throughout British Columbia. H. one summer evening while out on a surreptitiously emphasized the Moss mantegazzianum has been intro- hike with lichen guru Trevor Goward. Triple Crown specifically to lure duced to western Europe, Britain, We were climbing through a sub- unsuspecting botanists into the Scandanavia, eastern North alpine forest in Wells Gray Park with captivating world of bryology. And I America, and the Pacific Northwest the low sun casting a warm yellow think that it’s working. purposefully or by accidental human glow through trees festooned with transport (Morton, 1975; Pysek, hair lichens. A sparkle of light References Cited 1991; Tiley et al., 1996; Darbyshire caught my eye. Low and behold, Schofield, W.B. 1992. Some Common and Morton, 2003; Booy, 2003). It is there before me was a root mound Mosses of British Columbia. Royal designated as a noxious weed in glistening with a veritable fortune of British Columbia Museum, Victoria. 394 Washington, Oregon, Florida, and goblin’s gold! I was enraptured. Tiny p. North Carolina (USDA, 2003). H. pieces of shiny gold! Schistostega Schofield, W.B. 2001. Field Guide to mantegazzianum is generally pennata is one-of-a-kind, there is no Liverwort Genera of Pacific North distinguished from H. maximum by others in the genus, at least not in BC. America. Global Forest Society and its larger size; where flowering University of Washington Press, Seattle. plants of H. maximum seldom reach My quest was thusly completed. But 228 p. over 2.0 m in height, H. man- was it? Was that the end of my Schofield, W.B., Talbot, S.S. and S.L. tagazzianum is often 2.5 to 4.0 m in bryologising? Of course not. Not the Talbot. 2004. Bryophytes from Simeonof height with lower leaves in a basal least because I learned about another Island in the Shumagin Islands, rosette between 1.5 to 2.0 m in total unusual beauty not mentioned in Southwestern Alaska. Journal of the breadth. It is recognized by the Schofield’s moss book. This one Hattori Botanical Laboratory 95: 155- Guinness Book of Records as the appears in his liverwort book, “Field 198. world’s largest weed (listed at 3.65 Guide to Liverwort Genera of m tall) (Guinness World Records, Pacific North America” published in 2003). The stem can be >10 cm in 2002. Takakia, also known as puzzle diameter although 3-8 cm is more moss or nanja-monja-goke (Japanese common. Another identifying for “impossible moss”), is a moss characteristic is diffuse or patchy disguised as a liverwort, which is purplish-red pigmentation with why it appears in Schofield’s raised bumps or nodules on the liverwort book. This genus is stem, whereas H. maximum may represented by two species in BC: have some purplish spots but it is generally light green in colour with
winter 2004 • 5 diffuse hairs. The inflorescence of flowers, and seeds which can cause Seahaven and Ashcroft roads; Island H. mantegazzianum forms a broad minor to severe contact dermatitis in Highway near Nanoose Creek), (30-50 cm) flat-topped umbel combination with exposure to sun- Parksville (Heath Ave. near English- composed of many small white light (Camm et al., 1976; Towers, man River estuary; Aquila Park), florets. Fruit production is heavy and 1980). Furanocoumarin-induced Errington (Island Highway near one plant may produce between 750 dermatitis typically consists of Englishman River; Leffler Rd.), and 50,000 mericarps, each con- blisters that form within 48 hours Qualicum Beach (beach near Old sisting of two joined seeds (Tiley et and become pigmented (blackened Island Highway; Seacrest Place), al., 1996). The fruit of H. mantegaz- or purplish) scars that can last as Qualicum Bay (Dunsmuir Rd.; zianum tends to be larger than that of long as 6 years (Tiley et al., 1996). garden on Old Island Highway), and H. maximum (about 1-1.5 cm long Longterm sensitivity to sunlight may Denman Island (private garden). compared to 0.8-1.2 cm) with follow. The highest concentrations Also, there have been recent different resin canal structure of furanocoumarins are present in unconfirmed reports in a wholesale (Darbyshire and Morton, 2003). leaves and roots during the early part nursery near Cobble Hill, along the Dispersal is either by water of the growing season (Knudsen, E&N Railway line in Nanaimo, on movement along streams, ditches, 1983). H. maximum and other Shooting Star Place in Nanoose Bay, and urban storm drainage systems, members of the carrot family also in a private woodlot near the or by human activity. Some fruits or contain furanocoumarins (Nielsen, Englishman River in Errington, in seed heads are picked for decorative 1971). the Eaglecrest area of Qualicum uses, garden planting and culinary Beach, along Whiskey Creek near purposes (e.g., golpar spice); Distribution in Coombs and in Courtenay. however, transport of soil and seed In the Lower Fraser Valley, the from infested areas is likely a more British Columbia earliest record based on a confirmed important means of dispersal. Based on current distribution specimen is in Mahon Park in the patterns, H. mantegazzianum City of North Vancouver from 1974 appears to have been originally Management Concerns (UBC Herbarium Acc. 156773). introduced at two localities in There are two primary reasons why This is believed to be the epicenter southwest BC: French Creek near H. mantegazzianum is considered an of H. mantegazzianum invasion in Parksville on eastern Vancouver invasive species of management the Lower Fraser Valley as the Island; and the City of North concern in British Columbia. First, it largest populations are currently Vancouver on Vancouver’s North can exclude native plant species located along Wagg Creek near Shore. H. mantegazzianum was first through direct competition for light Mahon Park (19th St. and Jones recorded in riparian areas along or other physical resources in open Ave.). Recent assessment and French Creek in 1964 (Dawe and habitats (e.g., forest edges, mapping for the City of North White, 1979) and the largest meadows, stream margins) (Tiley et Vancouver’s Engineering, Parks and populations on Vancouver Island are al., 1996). Dense patches along Environment Department found still found in the surrounding area. forest edges that were subjectively smaller populations along roadsides Dawe and White (1979) speculated evaluated in the City of North and streams throughout the City of that it had been introduced by 1944 Vancouver had very low plant North Vancouver with larger although the exact site and source species richness, particularly of populations on Mosquito Creek near are uncertain. Beyond the French native species. H. mantegazzianum Upper Levels Highway (and down- Creek area, Ron Wall and colleagues may also reduce streambank stability stream); 3rd St. west of Lowlevel have documented an expanding list by reducing native shrub or forb Road; and in the Tempe Heights of occurrences on southeastern cover during the winter flood period. area east of Lynn Valley. The Vancouver Island including the It can also establish in shaded forest assessment showed that H. Victoria area (garden on Helmcken such as stream ravines, although its mantegazzianum was recorded at Rd.; Weir’s Beach, Metchosin), growth and flowering is reduced and more than 100 sites within the City Saltair (garden on Chemainus Rd.), it is not considered a strong of North Vancouver ranging from Gabriola Island (Drumbeg Park), competitor in these environments single plants along roadsides and Nanaimo (gardens near Quennel (Tiley et al., 1996). Second, H. streams to large patches greater than Lake and Cat Stream; ditch along mantegazzianum produces light- 1000 square meters. The total College Drive; Island Highway near activated chemicals (furanocou- estimated population size in the City airport), Nanoose Bay (gardens on marins) in its leaves, roots, stems, of North Vancouver was 7200 sq.m.
6 • menziesia H. mantegazzianum is also prevalent Burnaby and Coquitlam. Since this seasons before flowering, eradica- in adjacent areas of the District of article was originally published in tion focusing on small, young stands North Vancouver including the lower BEN, a small patch was discovered is most successful. This typically Seymour River and roadsides near at the 232nd Ave. and Fraser Hwy in requires training of both parks the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge Langley, the end of 28th Ave. in maintenance staff and volunteer and upper Wagg Creek (St. Andrews Langley, Crab Park in Vancouver, groups to recognize and safely St. and Queens Ave.) and the central near the parking area for GM Place remove nonflowering plants. portion of the Mosquito Creek in Vancouver, and along the CPR Gloves, safety goggles, and protec- watershed. It is less common east of line (adjacent to Shell Rd.) south of tive clothing are needed for safe the Seymour River but has recently Westminster Hwy in Richmond. handling. Stems and leaves can be been observed in Deep Cove (Park- left on site or composted if there is side Creek), Dollarton Highway Management no risk of human contact. Seed (Burrard Inlet Indian Reserve #3), heads should be disposed of Control or eradication of H. and near Riverside Drive and Mt. separately by burning or other mantegazzianum is labour intensive Seymour Parkway. The District of methods that prevents dispersal of and requires long term management. West Vancouver Parks Department seeds to other areas. Recommended control methods has been actively managing H. include cutting or mowing above Invasive plant species management mantegazzianum in parks for several ground parts, digging, and herbicide is generally most effective when years. Their mapping indicates it is application (Tiley and Philp, 1994; small, initial populations can be found primarily in riparian areas in Dodd et al., 1994; Tiley et al., 1996). eradicated or controlled to prevent the Brothers Creek watershed Application (spraying, stem further population expansion. (Brothers and Hadden creeks and injection, wiping) of glyphosate Indeed, invasion ecology theory adjacent areas of the eastern British (Roundup) in April and May before recommends that control efforts Properties), lower Capilano River, plants are 1 m tall followed by a focus on small populations on the Vinson Creek, Marr Creek, and second application later in the season margin of range expansion as the Westmount Creek. It has also been is the most universally recom- most effective method for slowing or recorded in residential areas mended control method (Tiley and preventing further invasion (Moody northwest of Lighthouse Park, in Philp, 1994; R. Cranston, pers. and Mack, 1988). This requires an Horseshoe Bay (Wellington Ave. comm.). Deep tilling or severing the “early-warning” system that area), and along the roadside of taproot 5 to 15 cm below the surface educates observers and managers to Marine Drive and Sunset Avenue of the ground may be successful for recognize invasive species before west of Oxley Street. small populations. Observations they become widespread and H. mantegazzianum is less common indicate that crushing or twisting the abundant, and resources to rapidly in other areas of the Lower stem or leaf rosette during the early eradicate or control the invading Mainland. In the City of Vancouver, part of the growing season may species. Too often, invasive species small populations have been reduce flowering, but is not effective management focuses on activities observed in Vanier Park, Queen for eradication or long term control. directed at organisms that are Elizabeth Park (33rd Ave. area), Seed longevity is greater than 7 already widespread and abundant. In Stanley Park (Lions Gate Bridge years (Tiley et al., 1996) and on- the case of H. mantegazzianum, area), UBC Campus (Biology going monitoring is required, with resource managers have an op- courtyard), 6th Avenue (east of Alder possible repeated treatments, to portunity to learn from the invasion St.), Strathcona Community Garden prevent re-establishment. There are patterns in other jurisdictions and (orchard area), and beneath the no applicable biological control implement municipal or provincial Burrard Street Bridge. Frank Lomer methods although research is management strategies focusing on has also recorded populations on the currently underway to identify eradication and control of dispersal south side of Sea Island in Rich- potential fungal or insect pathogens in British Columbia. Despite the mond (shore of the Fraser River and (Ravn, 2003). Sheep grazing has large number of localities described east from Oak Street bridge), along been used to control dense patches above, many of the populations the lower Brunette River on the of H. mantegazzianum successfully consist of small numbers of plants Burnaby / New Westminster border, (Andersen, 1994) but is impractical that could be easily eradicated. in a ravine north of 100 Ave. in in urban or riparian areas in British Success of an eradication program in Surrey; north of the Roberts Bank Columbia. Because H. mantegaz- British Columbia will depend on causeway in Delta, and in south zianum requires 2 to 4 growing four key aspects:
winter 2004 • 7 1) provincial-scale organization and References Morton, J.K. 1975. The giant cow support, including funding for Andersen, U.V.1994. Sheep grazing as a parsnip, Heracleum mantegazzianum education, monitoring, and control method of controlling Heracleum Umbelliferae, in Canada. Canadian Field programs; mantegazzianum. In: de Waal, L.C., L.E. Naturalist 89(2): 183-184. Child, P.M. Wade and J.H. Brock (eds). Nielsen, B.E. 1971. Coumarin patterns 2) education focusing on increasing Ecology and management of invasive on the Umbelliferae. Botanical Journal of public and institutional knowledge riverside plants. Chichester, John Wiley the Linnaean Society 64 (Suppl. 1): 325- of the problem; & Sons Ltd. Pp: 77-91. 336. 3) technical advice and resources for Booy, O. 2003. Heracleum mantegaz- Py_ek P. 1991. Heracleum mantegaz- community-based or municipal zianum. USA Fact Sheet. Report available zianum in the Czech Republic: the dynamics of spreading from the historical eradication programs; at www.flec.kvl.dk/giant-alien. Accessed August 21, 2003. perspective. Folia Geobotanica and 4) formal regulation of the plant as a Camm, E.H., W.L. Buck and J.C. Phytotaxonomica 26: 439-454. noxious weed. Unlike Washington Mitchell. 1976. Phytodermatitis from R. Cranston, pers. comm. 2003. State and many areas in central and Heracleum mantegazzianum. Contact Provincial Weed Specialist, Ministry of western Europe, and despite its risks Dermatitis 2: 68-72. Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. to human health, H. mantegaz- Darbyshire, S. and J.K. Morton. 2003. Communication by e-mail and mail. zianum is not currently recognized Heracleum mantegazzianum: Canada Ravn, H.P. 2003. Biological control of as a noxious weed in British Status Report. Report available at giant hogweed. Poster presented at the Columbia. www.flec.kvl.dk/giant-alien. Accessed International Symposium, Non- August 14, 2003. Agricultural use of pesticides - Environmental Issues and Alternatives, Contact Information Dawe, N.K. and E.R. White. 1979. Giant Cow Parsnip (Heracleum mantegaz- Copenhagen May 7th - 9th 2003. To report new occurrences of zianum) on Vancouver Island, British Tiley, G.E.D. and B. Philp. 1994. Heracleum mantegazzianum in Columbia. Canadian Field Naturalist 93: Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant British Columbia, please provide 81-83. hogweed) and its control in Scotland. In: specific locality data (street names, Dodd, F.S., L.C. de Waal, P.M. Wade and L.C. de Waal, L.E. Child, P.M. Wade, map or GPS coordinates, or a G.E.D. Tiley.1994. Control and manage- P. M. and J.H. Brock (eds). Ecology and detailed site description) and the size ment of Heracleum mantegazzianum management of invasive riverside plants. of the population (number of plants (giant hogweed). In: L.C. de Waal, L.E. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pp: or patch size in square meters) to Child, P.M. Wade, P.M. and J.H. Brock 101-109. Nick Page, [email protected] (eds). Ecology and management of Tiley, G.E.D., F.S. Dodd and P.M. Wade. or Ron Wall, [email protected]. invasive riverside plants; Chichester, John 1996. Biological flora of the British Isles: Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pp: 111-126. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier and Levier. Journal of Ecology 84: 297-319. Acknowledgments Guinness World Records. 2003. Largest weed. Website Towers, G.H.N. 1980. Photosensitizers A number of people kindly provided (www.guinnessworldrecords.com) from plants and their photodynamic distribution records or other information accessed August 10, 2003. action. Progress in Phytochemistry 6: for this article: Roy Cranston, Rob 183-202. Walker, Wade Calder, Dave Polster, Garry Knudsen, E.A. 1983: Seasonal variations Fletcher, Adriane Pollard, Hans Roemer, in the content of phototoxic compound USDA [United States Department of Michael Hunter, Adolf Ceska, Rose and in giant hogweed. Contact Dermatitis 9: Agriculture] Animal and Plant Health Brian Klinkenberg, Frank Lomer, Matt 281-284. Inspection Service. 2003. Website Henderson, Hugh Griffith, Richard Moody, M.E. and R.N. Mack. 1988. (www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weeds/) Boase, Rob Adams, Carol Cornish, Controlling the spread of plant invasions: accessed August 10, 2003. Stephen Darbyshire, Neil Dawe, Sean The importance of nascent foci. Journal Originally published in Botanical Rathlef and Bob Reed. of Applied Ecology 25: 1009-1021. Electronic News #314, September 2003. Used with permission.
8 • menziesia Native Plants - Aided or Abraded? By Malcolm Martin
egradation and loss of With the spread of agriculture in the new lands another threat arose when habitat by introduction and agronomic grasses started to be used to provide better forage for pasturing Dspread of invasive alien livestock as well as for haying. What a farmer needs is grass that is resilient plant species is widely considered a under grazing and mowing, hardy, vigorous, spreading and highly- major risk to biodiversity. Ranged competitive, and breeding programs have certainly answered this call. The against this threat are noxious weed trouble is grasses don’t recognize boundaries. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa regulations, barriers to importing pratensis), smooth brome (Bromus inermis), orchard grass (Dactylis seeds and living stock of potentially glomerata) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristata) are four favourites troublesome species, ministerial and that readily escape and can easily out-compete native grasses under a range local government control programs. of conditions. Such aggressive tendencies make these and other grasses and Publicity and education directed at forbs suitable for erosion control when seeded onto bare and disturbed the public and agricultural interests soils... and therein lies another problem. Fast forward to the summer of 2003. all attempt to combat the problem to Faced with hillsides of burnt vegetation and the prospect of snow melt and whatever extent they can. Con- spring rains sweeping unprotected soils down-slope on to vulnerable houses sidering all these efforts, it is and roads below, municipal leaders made it clear they expected prompt unsettling therefore to see other protective measures. But what to seed on exposed ground when there is governmental actions that result in virtually no domestic supply of the native grasses burned by fire? The the opposite effect. agreed solution was to use a mixture devised by Ministry of Forests for use for erosion control, weed suppression and forage in the Interior Douglas-fir It is not as though non-native plant and Montane Spruce zones from 700 m to 1400 m, composed of: introduction is anything new, probably dating to the earliest days of racial migration as aboriginal Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum 20% non-native annual peoples spread after the last Ice Age, or earlier. In his time Charles western wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii 20% native perennial Darwin was puzzled on making creeping red fescue Festuca rubra 10% variety of perennial non- landfall in what is now Brazil at the native in S. BC, Canada start of his Beagle voyage to find vast stands of thistles and other bluegrass Poa compressa 10% native and non-native species that he was familiar with at perennial home, plants that had reached the common timothy Phleum pratense 10% non-native perennial new lands somehow and spread with abandon. Such introduction of weed orchard-grass Dactylis glomerata 10% non-native perennial seeds travelling in supplies of alfalfa, var. rambler Medicago sativa 10% non-native perennial forb imported crop seed must have run white clover Trifolium repens 10% non-native perennial forb concurrently with European settle- ment around the world from its earliest days. Even now with the practice of sieving harvested seed, it Burned areas in Okanagan Mountain Park (the northern outpost of the is often not possible to guarantee an nationally-rare South Okanagan arid region) have therefore been seeded with uncontaminated supply. But at least a mixture at best no more than 30% native, a decision which further one other source of introductions emphasises that when human pragmatism and environmental necessity come that has lessened Ð from the earth into conflict, it is the environmental considerations that are expected to give and rock brought by ocean-going way. So much for biodiversity protection and enhancement. From an vessels from their home country and ecological perspective, it is immaterial whether debasement originates from dumped at North American ports the actions of a conscienceless vandal or whether it is from the actions of a when ships had to load or unload well-meaning public service agency beset by the need to act quickly - the ballast to obtain the right trim for result is the same. sea-worthiness.
winter 2004 • 9 The response of Parks BC was a little different for seeding around parking seed industry for supplying dry areas and trails at Okanagan Mountain where it had the decision and opted grassland species was received with for a mix, possibly 60% native, made up of: disinterest by Forestry staff and dismissed with disdain. The contrary western wheatgrass Pascopyrum smithii 30% native perennial argument that cost would be far too Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum 25% non-native annual high and supplies inadequate for requirements is perfectly true, but slender wheatgrass Elymus trachycaulus 20% native perennial surely only by actively taking steps Canada bluegrass Poa compressa 10% native and non-native to create an industry can there ever be any hope of building up a volume hard fescue Festuca trachyphylla 10% non-native perennial of supply and reducing cost. white clover Trifolium repens 5% non-native perennial forb Policies of biodiversity protection and invasive plant combat However, both mixtures contain white clover which will do well in damp notwithstanding, it is only too areas where Red-listed cup clover (Trifolium cyathiferum) and short- evident that, at present, priorities flowered monkey-flower (Mimulus breviflorus) grow in the park. rest elsewhere and our protected areas will continue to receive what is The predicament faced by government agencies in cases such as forest fire easiest to provide rather than what rehabilitation is not new, and neither is the solution. The winter 2000 edition they need. Only governmental of Menziesia carried an article by Manny Vaartnou (Volume 5, issue 1) with espousal of, and insistence on, an excellent discussion of the dire need for sources of grass seed of species native seed use for land rehabili- appropriate to the local conditions and how these could be developed. His tation can replace inertia to change work through M. Vaartnou and Associates shown success in selecting and with more ethical practices. If growing stock that could eventually become incorporated into the operations NPSBC or any other environmental of existing seed companies Ð provided there were political and commercial group seeks a quixotic cause on willingness. which to exercise its powers of advocacy, here is one that will test Efforts during the Okanagan/Shuswap Land and Resource Management Plan both mettle and patience. (LRMP) process to incorporate as a plan objective measures to encourage a Late Newsletter
Apologies to everyone for the delay with this issue of Menziesia. The Spring issue is in your hands at about the time the Summer issue would normally come out. As a result, we will have to produce two more issues before the end of the year, so we need some extra help finding articles. Here are some of the things we need: Feature articles Book reviews Coming events Botanical illustrations Suggestions of articles that can be reprinted from other sources Information on invasive plants Articles on changes to plant names; for example, why was the name of Labrador Tea changed from Ledum groenlandicum to Rhododendron groenlandicum? Remember, this is your Newsletter - the more people contributing to it, the better it represents the interests of our society. Thank you to those who have supported this publication and enriched us all with your contributions.
Rhododendron groenlandicum Skelton llustration: Erin
I Hugh Griffith, Editor (Labrador Tea)
10 • menziesia Fragaria becomes Potentilla by Hugh Daubeny t present there is a scientific name Potentilla x rosea long feathery beaks or awns.” revisionist movement in Mabb. Dr. Mabberley has become Moreover, a 1917 publication “— Aplant taxonomy and from the authority for this. ‘Serenata’, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus the perspective of most of us this which came from a cross of a Fragariae (Rosaceae, Potentillae)” can be confusing to say the least. For strawberry selection with ‘Pink says “— the genus Fragaria is a example, the genus Lycopersicon, Panda’ is also Potentilla x rosea. most flexible and unstable group of which includes the tomato, is now However, ‘Rosalyne’, which came plants.” placed into Solanum, the genus from the strawberry breeding Taking a somewhat cynical view of containing the potato. programme in Quebec, and is two the matter, it seems that the DNA Morphological, genetic and, most generations removed from ‘Pink data tell us what we already know. importantly, DNA data are Panda,’ is Potentilla x ananassa. The Maybe Fragaria will become more responsible for the revisions. The ‘Pink Panda’ derivatives are “stable” now that it is Potentilla. data usually lead to “lumping,” completely fertile and set fruit that is rather than to “splitting,” two terms commonly used, sometimes fallaciously, to describe the activities of plant taxonomists. Now Fragaria, the strawberry genus, has become part of the Potentilla, the genus that contains cinquefoils. An eminent taxonomist, Dr. D.J. Mabberley , who is on the staff of both the Royal Botanic Gardens, in Sydney Australia and the National Herbarium Nederland, University of Leiden, The Netherlands, has published a review paper that explains the implications of some of the revisions. The
hoto: Hugh Daubeny hoto: Hugh cultivated strawberry, Fragaria P x ananassa becomes Potentilla Potentilla chiloensis on Vancouver Island. x ananassa. The progenitors of this strawberry, which is an inter- edible. Even ‘Pink Panda’, itself, A final comment directly from Dr. specific hybrid, become Potentilla sometimes produces edible fruit. Mabberley’s review: “Although the chiloensis (Pacific Coast beach or name-changes, like all name- sand strawberry) and Potentilla We think all of this is very new. changes, may be regretted, it is virginiana (meadow or scarlet However, the following appeared in unlikely that the industry which, strawberry). the 1858 publication “Handbook of unlike in its marketing of British Flora”: “Potentilla — the ‘Pink Panda’ is an ornamental ornamentals, rarely uses the Latin genus already extended — perhaps strawberry, until now considered the names for strawberries in any case, be still better be defined if the result of an inter-generic cross of the will object strongly.” Strawberry (that is Fragaria) — marsh cinquefoil, Potentilla were likewise included. It would palustris, with the cultivated comprise all Rosaceae with a double Reference strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa. calyx, distinct 1-seeded carpel — Mabberley, D.J. 2002. Potentilla and With the revision it is now an inter- and the styles not transformed into Fragaria (Rosaceae) reunited. specific cross and has been given the Tolopea 793-797.
winter 2004 • 11 The Lovely Calypso: Entanglements with Fungi and Bumble Bee
by Rhoda Love tightly around a tree’s roots, channeling water and nutrients to the tree. Most local mycorrhizal fungi are Basidiomycetes (the so-called club fungi), and many are well- known mushroom species such as chanterelles, matsutake, and the poisonous amanitas. As mushroom hunters well know, the fruiting bodies of these species can be found in the root zones of the trees with which they have a mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhizal relationships are incredibly ancient — as much as 400 million years old! The fossil record strongly suggests
Photo: Frank Skelton Photo: Frank that the first rootless plants to Calypso bulbosa. emerge from water and colonize dry land brought fungi with them and that these aided in obtaining water The genus Calypso, which has but airy slipper orchids (Calypso and minerals in the harsh new the single species, was named by bulbosa) are among the jewels environment. Perhaps it is not too Linnaeus who may have originally Fof our Northwest coniferous great a leap to conclude that collected the plant on his journeys in woodlands. Here the stunning pink mycorrhizal fungi may have enabled Lapland. He named it for Kalypso of orchid is often found in old moist plants to colonize the land. Douglas fir forests; however, we Greek mythology who was the must overcome any provincial view goddess daughter of Atlas and Now, to return to Calypso, our of this favorite wildflower, for it is Homer’s beautiful nymph of the hidden jewel of the forest. Mycor- not ours alone. In North America, woods. The goddess Kalypso was rhizal relationships can be even Calypso is broadly distributed and encountered by Ulysses when more complicated, involving two thus associated with many conifer wayfarer was shipwrecked on the species of higher plant rather than species, among them pines, spruces, Island of Ogygia. The word just one. It can be difficult for a and hemlocks. In California, fairy “Calypso” means “concealment,” small plant, such as an orchid, slipper is found in the redwood and in this case refers to the flower’s growing in the shade to intercept forests of Marin, Del Norte and place of growth in dense, shady enough sunlight for photosynthesis. Siskiyou Counties to south of the forests. Consequently, several groups of Golden Gate. The orchid is found in small forest herbs have evolved an With respect to Calypso’s Washington and British Columbia of intricate strategy for obtaining foodÐ entanglement with fungi, permit me course, and in the coastal forests of they receive nutrients from trees via to digress for a moment to cover a southeast Alaska. Further afield in mycorrhizal fungi. This type of bit of forest ecology and define North America the species also association occurs in most orchids mycorrhizal relationships. All grows in Arizona, Colorado, and in certain members of the heath Northwest tree species so far Minnesota, Michigan, New York and family such as Indian pipe. Whereas investigated have been shown to Maine. Furthermore, and this may many of these plants have lost their require mycorrhizal fungi for health surprise you, the same species is chlorophyll and cannot make their and optimal growth. In the well known in the forests of northern own food, Calypso bulbosa has a mycorrhizal relationship, Europe and Asia. single green leaf and can carry on underground fungal filaments wrap photosynthesis; however, the plant is
12 • menziesia mycorrhizal as well, and is never “These lovely, innocent-looking on the scene and have as yet had no found far from the root zone of a orchids exploit “greenhorn” (i.e., unpleasant experiences.” conifer. newly hatched) bumblebees. The So, in conclusion, our beautiful flowers have nothing of real value to Finally, how is our demure, hidden woodland Calypso has hitched itself offer; they contain no nectar. Calypso entangled with bumble- to a fungus in order to obtain food However, they look (and smell) like bees? Here I will quote one of the from a tree, and also exploits un- flowers that do have some goodies world’s experts on pollination, a wary bees in order to set seed. Since to hand out. The young bumblebees man who was one of my favorite and many of the Greek gods and god- are fooled, and will visit the Calypso most eccentric professors when I desses were opportunistic in many flowers, but after a few times they was a student at the University of ways, perhaps the fairy slipper is quit - in disgust one would be Washington fifty years ago. Dr. B. J. aptly named for the goddess tempted to say (if it were not so D. Meeuse, a Dutchman and a Kalypso. unscientific). They are replaced by famous botanist, tells the following other greenhorn bumblebees who on Originally published in the Bulletin of the story of fairyslipper pollination: subsequent days continue to appear Native Plant Society of Oregon, 2004. A reminder to the photographically inclined
he NPSBC is still soliciting images for our 2005 Native TPlant Calendar. As the season marches on, keep your camera handy and your eyes peeled for images that may grace our walls next year. We want to finish the calendar by the middle of October to allow more time this year for Christmas gift orders. To meet that deadline, images must be collected as soon as possible. Here are some guidelines for submissions. Clarity. The focus should be good. Enlarging and printing magnify every flaw. Composition. Use the same criteria
hoto: Melissa Cook. hoto: Melissa as for any two dimensional visual P work of art. Drosera rotundifolia in Lulu Island Bog, Richmond BC. Resolution. For digital photos use The big question to consider when friend in one of those compromising the highest possible for your camera. making a submission is - Would positions? (Please avoid Images may be e-mailed in lower people want to look at this picture jeopardizing marriages or resolution with a note indicating that for a whole month? friendships.) high resolution versions are As with the 2004 calendar we would Send submissions to available. like to include pictures of our [email protected]. For further Species. Make sure that they are members taking photos of plants. information please phone Virginia in natives. Photos may be of plant Plant photographers are often Vancouver at 604-536-3529. parts, whole plants, groups of one or required to put their bodies through Photographers whose pictures are more species or habitat shots. Give some pretty strange contortions to used will receive a free copy of the your scientific curiosity and artistic get that perfect shot. How about 2005 calendar. We’re looking creativity free rein. sending in a picture of a spouse or forward to hearing from all of you. winter 2004 • 13 Plant Profile: Holodiscus discolor By Richard Hebda
ore and more these days little petals attached to a tiny disc. gardeners and landscapers Inside the petal ring are about 20 Mare turning to plants that creamy stamens and five pistils. require little maintenance and resist Great quantities of pollen attract drought. Many native species of the hoards of pollinating insects. To my drier regions of southern British nose the blossoms release an exotic Columbia fit these characteristics creamy scent, almost overpowering well. Among the shrubs, oceanspray within a dense thicket. Once flowers is an excellent choice for the dry fade, the clusters turn dry brown. back corners of the yard. Oceanspray favours sunny to Oceanspray of the Rose Family slightly shaded haunts. In BC it (Rosaceae) grows as a tall many- thrives on shallow rocky soils with stemmed shrub from 1.5 to 5m high. very sharp drainage. Typically you Clumps reach from 2 to nearly 10 m will find it on rocky bluffs, forming across, often interwoven with their thickets, at the edges of woods, and neighbours. Several stems rise within open forests. The British upward from the centre of the Columbia distribution includes low clump, but then arch gracefully to mid elevations along the coast outward until, in exceptional cases, from Bella Coola southward and their tips touch the ground. Where about the southern quarter of the large branches begin to bend, Interior. Oceanspray occurs vigorous young shoots arise. These abundantly on southeast Vancouver eventually arch over, replacing the Island and the Gulf Islands. The parent which dies out. The bark of North American distribution young shoots is brown and stretches southward to southern
eidinger and J. Pojar.
llustrated Flora of British Columbia of British llustrated Flora
I (1999). D. Douglas, G.W. Eds. sometimes slightly angled. Old bark California and eastward to Montana. M is light grey and nearly smooth. Oceanspray can form the backbone Holodiscus discolor Light green oval leaves 4-10cm of native plant thickets in your long, scatter along the upper half of garden. The plant is easily grown prune them, especially in a small the branches. The lower surface of from seeds. Collect the dry flower garden where the overhanging the leaves is much lighter coloured heads in fall and shake out the branches reach out well over the than the upper surface, giving rise to brownish seeds onto sandy soil rich yard. Well after the arching branches the species name, I, meaning “two- in humus, cover thinly, then set out finish blooming (August or so) coloured.” Small to large teeth line and leave for the winter. In spring, prune them back to a vigorous the margin of the leaf. Numerous seedlings will appear and should be vertically growing branch, or a hairs give the leaves a soft texture. allowed to grow until fall. Then healthy branching point. The erect By late summer the leaves turn tease them apart carefully and plant branch will elongate rapidly and yellow or reddish and drop off out in large pots for raising on, or flower the next year, gradually leaving the shrub nearly naked. place out where you want them in arching over to replace the old your garden. Often there are branch. By pruning every second Great plumes of creamy white numerous seedlings beneath year, you keep the centre of the flowers cascade from the tips of the established clumps. Apparently you clump growing vigorously and branches in June, lasting two to can also propagate oceanspray by prevent the accumulation of dead three weeks. Each 10-24cm long layering. wood. Incidentally bushtits love to cluster contains hundreds of tiny build their pouch nests in large whitish blooms. Examine a flower The shrubs can be left to grow as oceanspray bushes. closely and you should find five they will, but you may prefer to
14 • menziesia What’s on the Web
Native Plant Society of British Columbia http://npsbc.org E-Flora BC http://www.eflora.bc.ca/ Botanical Electronic News archives http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/ben/ BC Conservation Data Centre http://srmwww.gov.bc.ca/cdc/ Friends of Ecological Reserves http://www.ecoreserves.bc.ca/
eidinger and J. Pojar.
llustrated Flora of British Columbia of British llustrated Flora North American Native Plant Association
I (1999). D. Douglas, G.W. Eds. M http://www.nanps.org/index.shtml Holodiscus individual flower and seed. Desert Centre Osoyoos http://www.desert.org Known as ironwood to most of the southern Native peoples of British Canadian Botanical Assoc. - Ecology Section Columbia, oceanspray wood had http://www.sru.edu/depts/artsci/bio/ecolsect.htm many uses. Branches and stems were Evergreen - Bringing Nature to Cities hardened over a fire and shaped into http://www.evergreen.ca/ digging sticks, spear shafts, arrows and bows. Other uses included Fraser Basin Council- Final Draft Report on Invasive Plant teepee pins, fish clubs, baby cradle Strategy for British Columbia hoops, armour, salmon barbecuing http://www.fraserbasin.bc.ca/publications/documents/ sticks, knitting needles and many invasive_plant_strategy04.pdf more. Saanich peoples steeped the dry flower heads in hot water to Nearby Nature (Naturescaping) make medicine against diarrhoea. http://www.plantnative.org/ Holodiscus gets its scientific name USDA Forest Service Fire Information System from the Greek words “holo” = http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ whole and “discos” = disk in Go for Green - The Active Living and Environment Program reference to the unlobed disc to - their take on native plant gardening which the petals are attached. If you http://www.goforgreen.ca/gardening/Factsheets/Fact6.htm are looking for an easy-care, drought-resistant large native shrub, Invasive plants of natural habitats in Canada: an integrated try oceanspray. review of wetland and upland species and legislation governing Reprinted with permission from their control Coastal Grower. Richard Hebda is http://www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/publications/inv/index_e.cfm Curator of Botany and Earth History, The Society for Pacific Coast Native Iris Royal British Columbia Museum, http://www.pacificcoastiris.org/framesoc.html Victoria.
winter 2004 • 15 New members NPSBC e-mail discussion list since January 15th, 2004: Founding NPSBC board member Adolf Ceska has set up David & Steven Nield, Wild West Nursery, an e-mail discussion list as a convenient forum for Okanagan Falls members of the Society to discuss topics related to the native plants and botany of British Columbia. The list is Erin Renwick & Family, Vancouver unmoderated, but the hope is that discussion topics will Roy Forster, Vancouver be limited to botanical research, plant ecology, Wayne Weber, Delta ethnobotany, native plant propagation, gardening with Don Campanella, Oregon State U., Corvallis, Oregon native plants, and events sponsored by the Native Plant Society of BC or similar organizations. Louise Mercer, Heriot Bay TO SUBSCRIBE to the list: Send a mail message Michael Legge, Nanaimo containing ‘subscribe NPSBC-L’ (no apostrophes) to: Frances deMontreuil, White Rock [email protected] Meredith Areskoug, Vancouver TO SEND MAIL to the list, address your message to: [email protected] Marnie Dangerfield, Vancouver If you have any questions regarding the discussion list, John Worrall, Vancouver please send them to the list administrator at NPSBC-L- Anna Waring, Sooke [email protected] Ann & Frank Buffam, Vancouver Mission Statement Ron Long, Port Moody The purpose of the NPSBC Native Plant Society of Corinne Perry, Nanaimo British Columbia is to encourage knowledge, Greg Bartle, North Vancouver appreciation, responsible use and conservation of British Joan Hendriks, Lions Bay Columbia’s native plants and habitats. Barbara Sherman, Coquitlam Menziesia is published 4 times a year by the NPSBC. Noel Spriggs, West Vancouver Upcoming submission deadline: September 20 (Summer). Subscription is included in membership to Bernard Tague, North Vancouver the NPSBC. Annual membership fees are: $20 - Lorraine Weir, Richmond Individual; $30 - Household; and $75 - Sustaining Gail Wilkinson, Vancouver member. Collin & Wendy Varner, Vancouver Please note that advertising space is available in Jason Meuleman, Aqam Native Plant Nursery, Menziesia. A 3.5” x 2” space costs $20 for one insertion. Cranbrook Send a cheque or money order (made out to NPSBC), Janet & Sheldon Gagne, Brentwood Bay plus ad text or business card to editor Hugh Griffith (see below) by publishing deadline. Jo Brown, Winlaw Matthew Fairbarns, Victoria Newsletter submissions should be sent to: Menziesia Attn: Hugh Griffith, Editor 9360 Dayton Ave, Richmond, BC, V6Y 1E3 E-mail: [email protected]
NPSBC memberships should be sent to: Erin Skelton, Membership coordinator 3860 West 19th avenue, Vancouver BC, V6S 1C8 Telephone: 604-228-8879 E-mail: [email protected] NPSBC correspondence should be sent to: NPSBC Attn: Ross Waddell 2012 William Street, Vancouver, BC, V5L 2X6 Tel: 604-255-5719 E-mail: [email protected] Menziesia Layout: Christine Munro
16 • menziesia