Future of a Hawaiian Island

Home , Hawaiian language, Molokai, Tourism in Hawaii

MolokaiFuture of a Hawaiian Island

“I KA WĀ MA MUA, KA WĀ MA HOPE.” THE FUTURE IS FOUND IN THE PAST. Table Of Contents

I. Introduction 4 A. Molokai Vision Statement 4 B. Document Background ...... 4 C. Summary and Purpose of Document ...... 5 D. Overall Objectives ...... 6 II. cultural Plan...... 7 A. Cultural Statement ...... 7 B. Cultural Objectives ...... 8 C. Cultural Viewpoints 8 III. Education ...... 10 A. Education Statement ...... 10 B. Educational Objectives, Values and Projects 11 1. Cultural and Community Learning Centers ...... 11 2. DOE/Public Schools ...... 11 3. Community College, Vocational and Continuing Education ...... 12 IV. agriculture/Aquaculture 13 A. Agriculture / Aquaculture Statement ...... 13 B. Agriculture / Aquaculture Objectives ...... 13 V. Environment ...... 14 A. Environmental Overview ...... 14 B. Erosion ...... 15 C. Environmental Objectives & Key Projects 15 D. Energy Self Sufficiency 16 E. Energy Objectives 16 1. Home and Business 16 2. Transportation 16 3. Water Transmission 16 F. Potential Renewable Energy Project: Wind Farm ...... 17

Prepared by members of the Molokai Community. First Printing: May 2008. Version 1.0 VI. Subsistence ...... 18 A. Definition of Subsistence ...... 18 B. Subsistence Background ...... 19 C. Results from The Molokai Subsistence Study ...... 19 D. Subsistence Trends & Issues 20 E. Shoreline Management Plan ...... 20 F. Reefs and Fishponds ...... 20 VII. tourism ...... 21 A. Tourism Overview 21 B. Tourism Objectives ...... 21 C. Principles to Guide Tourism 21 D. Separating Real Estate Sales from Tourism ...... 22 E. Tourism Target Markets 22 VIII. governance ...... 24 A. Governance Background/'Aha Moku System …24 B. Governance Objectives 24 Appendix A: Proposed Molokai Projects 25 Appendix B: Identified Subsistence Practices And Resources 27 Appendix C: Basic Overview of document 28 Appendix D: survey of molokai values ...... 28 Map of Molokai ...... 29 Bibliography ...... 29 Pa g e 4 | Molokai

I. INTRODUCTION

MOLOKAI VISION • We envision a Molokai that leaves land and foreign-owned companies STATEMENT for its children a visible legacy: an began acquiring ownership of Molokai island momona (abundant) with Ranch—there have been serious Molokai is the last Hawaiian island. natural and cultural resources, conflicts between the Ranch and the We who live here choose not to be people who kōkua (help) and look community about its development strangers in our own land. The val- after one another, and a community proposals. ues of aloha 'āina and mālama 'āina that strives to build an even better (love and care for the land) guide future on the pa‘a (firm) foundation To date, these conflicts have resulted in our stewardship of Molokai’s natural left to us by those whose iwi (bones) escalating costs for the Ranch, frustra- resources, which nourish our fami- guard our land. tion in the community, and a stale- lies both physically and spiritually. mate in the planning process for the We live by the historic legacy of pule Document BACKGROUND island. Therefore, we must either find o‘o (powerful prayer) left to us by our landowners that recognize community kūpuna (elders). We honor our island’s The people of Molokai are seeking a knowledge as an asset and priority, Hawaiian cultural heritage, no matter future that perpetuates and shares the or, we must become landowners as a what our ethnicity, and that culture is elements that make Molokai so spe- community. (This is true not only for practiced in our everyday lives. Our cial. Most of the island's residents are West Molokai, but also for the entire true wealth is measured by the extent intent on preserving Molokai's lifestyle island.) The stewardship of Molokai's of our generosity. and culture, and are understandably lands and resources must rest with the wary of new development projects people of Molokai. • We envision strong 'ohana (families) that may not be compatible with this who steadfastly preserve, protect goal. Molokai is not anti-development; Despite the island’s economic chal- and perpetuate these core Hawaiian rather, it is pro-lifestyle. lenges, her people are independent values. and deeply protective of Molokai's While there is shared concern about environment and cultural heritage. We • We envision a wise and caring development on all parts of the island, embrace our kuleana to walk in the community that takes pride in its Molokai's largest challenges have pathways of pono illuminated by our resourcefulness, self-sufficiency and historically been in West Molokai. kūpuna. resiliency, and is firmly in charge of Over the past 30 years—since Main- Molokai’s resources and destiny.

Molokai Nui a Hina Molokai, The Child of Hina Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 5

Su m m a r y a n d Pu r p o s e o f Do c u m e n t

The people of Molokai have a clear vision for the island’s future based on the values of pono and aloha 'āina. Over the years numerous community plans have attempted to articulate this vision and propose projects aimed at creating a diversified and sustainable economy for Molokai (see Bibliography). This document brings many decades of planning into focus, and—using these past community plans as a foundation—it attempts to answer a question many have asked the Molokai community: "OK, so what do you want?" As we go forward in this effort, we are guided by a powerful Hawaiian proverb, "I ka wā ma mua, ka wā ma hope," which reminds us that "the future is found in the past."

Culture Hawaiian culture is the the Pacific, and a strong agriculture/ returns for Molokai. Keeping Molokai, foundation upon which we build the aquaculture industry will insure food Molokai through Hawaiian culture and future of Molokai. The 'āina and all of sustainability for future generations. community involvement is a prior- its natural resources will be protected ity. A clear plan to control speculative and preserved for future generations. Environment Our relationship land sales, along with escalating land Four traditional descriptive sayings to the natural environment is guided values and property taxes, is needed. provide a basis for future endeavors: by the concept of aloha 'āina (love for Molokai also needs to recognize its Molokai Nui A Hina, Molokai Pule O'o, the land). The land is not viewed as a limitations such as water supply, airline Molokai 'Āina Momona, and Molokai commodity; rather, it is the foundation seats, rooms, cars etc. in determining its Nō Ka Heke. of our cultural and spiritual identity. tourism plan. We want to attract both We understand that it is our respon- local and out-of-state tourists who come Education In ancient times, sibility to mālama 'āina (care for the to enjoy the unique visitor experience Molokai was a renowned piko (center) land); thus, we support projects that Molokai offers; however, the island of learning, one that produced experts will protect and enhance our natural cannot accommodate the traditional of the highest level in all aspects of resources, such as: Reforestation, Wa- industrialized tourism schemes based on life. Today, Molokai's living Hawaiian tershed Protection, Soil Reclamation, volume. Tourism initiatives will use exist- culture continues to provide a spiri- Greening of Molokai, Wind Breaks, ing accommodations and infrastructure; tual foundation for education. This Renewable Energy, etc. These projects any new infrastructure will be limited in spiritual foundation makes Molokai a will also create environmental job op- size and capacity. unique place of learning and will help portunities. guide educational endeavors on the Governance We will protect our island. Molokai will be a place to learn Subsistence Subsistence is an lands from inflation/taxes through Hawaiian culture—to live Hawaiian important part of Molokai’s hidden legislation, and we will mālama our culture—and education will become economy and a key to food sustain- natural resources by implementing the one of Molokai’s economic pillars. ability and self-sufficiency. This traditional 'Aha Moku system of land economy thrives on Molokai today, as management. We need to begin the Agriculture/Aquacul- 38% of our food is acquired through process of becoming our own county. ture Agriculture remains the most subsistence activities. The skills supported industry on the island. needed to perpetuate a subsistence This community vision—with its island- Molokai's water limitations influence economy are based in cultural knowl- wide focus and cultural values—preserves our decision to promote family farms, edge, traditions, and rights. Therefore, Molokai as a Hawaiian island firmly traditional food crops, diversified subsistence needs to be recognized, rooted in its past and actively invested in production, value-added products, the protected, and enhanced through its future. education of our youth, and—most initiatives such as the creation of a importantly—the protection and best Molokai Shoreline Management Plan. "I ka wā ma mua, ka wā ma hope." use of agricultural lands and water. The need for food security is critical Tourism Tourism presents great if we are to survive in the middle of challenges and also great potential Pa g e 6 | Molokai

Ov e r a l l Ob j e c t i v e s Environment: Molokai’s environ- wants to work on Molokai will have cational opportunities, teach needed ment will be clean, healthy, and the opportunity to do so, and everyone job skills, provide business training for protected from damage, pollution, and who relies on traditional subsistence entrepreneurs, and help guide young exploitation. Native species will flour- practices to feed their families will leaders to be wise in their steward- ish on land and in the sea. Watershed also be able to do so. Molokai 'Āina ship of the island. Molokai Pule O’o: forests will thrive and expand their Momona: Molokai, Land of Plenty. Molokai, Land of Powerful Prayer. growth. Eroded lands will be Healthy Com- green again, and munity: Molokai’s coastal waters families will be will be free of silty healthy physically, runoff. Molokai’s mentally and spiri- reefs will be tually. A strong healthy and its health and human fish populations services network will thrive. The will provide a island’s historic seamless con- cultural sites will tinuum of preven- be recorded, preserved and restored. tive, therapeutic, and compassionate The people who live on this island care for those who need it. Molokai’s will live in harmony with its natural Self-Governance: Molokai’s future cultural heritage will be nurtured, resources, and those natural re- will be in the hands of the people who and its practice will be supported sources will in turn sustain the people. live on the island. Private ownership through appropriate facilities. The Molokai Nui A Hina: Molokai, of Molokai’s lands will be vested in the island will be linked to the world and Great Child of Hina. community, either through resident become a partner in the Information ownership or through a Molokai com- Age through a telecommunications Productivity: Molokai’s economy munity land trust. The island’s natural infrastructure that will support health, will be strong, diversified, and pro- resources and land will have the high- education, and economic uses. Every duction-based. Small businesses and est degree of legal protection against family will be able to own a home, if individual entrepreneurs will build opportunistic abuse by offshore inter- they are willing to work to build it. A the economy, with agriculture and ests, as well as property value inflation. wide variety of sports, recreational and aquaculture as its cornerstones. The Molokai will work towards becoming entertainment opportunities will be rich farmlands of Ho'olehua, the lush, its own county and will incorporate accessible to the entire community. verdant North Shore valleys, and the traditional land management meth- Molokai Nō Ka Heke: Molokai is dozens of East End fishponds will be ods (such as the 'Aha Moku system). the Greatest! revitalized and productive once again. Molokai’s residents will have access to Molokai’s existing visitor accommoda- life-long learning opportunities, start- See Appendix A for details of proposed tions will be filled with travelers who ing in early childhood and throughout projects that fit under these traditional are comfortable with the island’s rural adulthood. Cultural and community categories. pace and who value its living Hawai- learning centers will provide children ian cultural heritage. Everyone who and their families with various edu- Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 7

II. CULTURAL PLAN

A. Cu l t u r a l St a t e m e n t We seek to hold high and celebrate our derived from the words ‘ai, to eat or feed, daily communication with nature that culture, a culture based not only upon the and na, the act of. In addition, many tra- went far beyond words and vision. relationship between peoples, but more ditional activities and laws of Hawaiians importantly the profound relationship directly relate to use of the ‘āina. Just as we and our culture are endan- with the ‘āina (land). gered, so are our traditional concepts. Hawai‘i was one with nature. Every star, Aloha is an endangered word. It has been To be “as one with the land” was at the cloud formation, wind and other natural assaulted by commercialism and badly very heart of our culture. This inter- phenomenon was given a name. The misused. Many dimensions of this plan relationship is the central theme of the ‘āina was a living being that would care reflect a desire to practice love, care and Kumulipo creation chants, which describe for generations yet unborn. There were no respect. We seek to promote aloha ‘āina, in poetic & cosmegenic form the union secrets between the traditional people of the essence of love for the land which of Papa (mother earth) and Wākea (sky Hawai‘i and nature, only the understand- sustains us. father). It is also inherent in the tradi- ing and harmony necessary for survival, tional concept of the ‘āina (land), which is intense respect for nature’s elements, and

“We have a lot to teach the world.” Aunty Clara Ku, Molokai kupuna Pa g e 8 | Molokai

B. Cu l t u r a l Ob j e c t i v e s C. Cu l t u r a l Vi e w po i n ts

Historic Preservation: In Hawaiian tradition, descriptive sayings for each of the islands reveal the outstanding features, characteristics and resources of the land and its people for Inventory of the historic sites of which the island is well known and respected. Four of the most famous sayings Molokai, such as: for Molokai, discussed below, provide insight to the nature of the island, as well • Makahiki Grounds of Nā'iwa. as an introduction to the time honored values of her people and their close • Hula Piko of Kā'ana. relationship to the land. • Kālaipāhoa of Maunaloa. • Nā Ko'i of Kaluako'i. 1. Molokai Nui A Hina: lies of Molokai trace their roots on Great Molokai, Child of the island back to antiquity, making • Wahi Pana of Ka Lae o Ka Lā'au. Hina the island an integral part of their • Ka Ulukukui o Lanikaula of Hālawa. ancestral family. Molokai’s modern- • 'Ili'ili'ōpae of Mapulehu. The saying, "Molokai Nui A Hina" or day stewards have a kuleana (special Great Molokai, Child of Hina, affirms responsibility) to care for the island as Cultural/Educational that Molokai was born to a mother they would care for a member of their Centers: and father: Wākea, god of the sky, own family. Cultural education in areas such as: and Hina, goddess of the moon and weaver of the clouds. This traditional 2. Molokai Pule O’o: • Language legend of origin establishes that the Molokai of the Powerful • Ceremony/Protocol island of Molokai is a small and fragile Prayers • Lā'au Lapa'au child - unlike a large continent. The • Lomilomi resources of an island are finite, and "Molokai Pule O'o," island of pow- these finite resources need to be erful prayers, is another traditional • Mele nurtured by the island’s “family” if the name for Molokai. In ancient times • Hula/Oli people are to grow strong, healthy, this name inspired fear and respect • Traditional Resource Management and prosperous. Many of the fami- throughout Hawai'i, because it was • Cultural Arts

Ka Ulu Kukui o Lanikaula one of the most sacred sites in Hawai'i Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 9

Cu l t u r a l Vi e w po i n ts (Co n t i n u e d ) based on the island’s reputation as a last Hawaiian island” affirms the success called "'Āina Momona," or "Land of training ground for the most power- of the community in protecting the Plenty" in honor of the great produc- ful priests in the islands. Legends say Hawaiian way of life as the core of the tivity of the island and its surrounding that the people of Molokai drove in- island’s multi ethnic, close knit society. ocean. vading armies from their shores simply by uniting in prayer. This name rec- 3. Molokai 'Āina Momona: 4. Molokai Nō Ka Heke: ognizes Molokai as an ancient center Land of Plenty Molokai is the Greatest, for learning and honors the spiritual the Foremost strength of Molokai’s people and their Before Western contact, the economy historic sovereign control over the of Molokai was agricultural and "Molokai Nō Ka Heke," or "Molokai island. Although Molokai is not self- centered on inshore aquaculture, the is the Greatest, the Foremost,” is a governing today, as discussed below, cultivation of 'uala and kalo, fishing, famous boast about the island of her people are nevertheless respected hunting and gathering. As a result of Molokai. It is the traditional Molokai for their ability, thus far, to protect the the industry of her people, Molokai— rejoinder to Maui’s boast of "Maui Nō Hawaiian culture, subsistence lifestyle with its lush, verdant valleys, extensive Ka 'Oi," or "Maui is the best." "Molokai and the natural resources upon which reefs, and productive fishponds— Nō Ka Heke" means "Molokai is bet- they are dependent. This has been ac- gained a reputation as the land of "fat ter!" This saying reflects the pride that complished by combining an intimate fish and kukui nut relish." The "fat Molokai’s people have in their island knowledge of the island’s resources fish" came from Molokai fishponds and their community. The strength of with strength of character and fearless and the waters surrounding the island. this community is dependent on the determination to deal with threats to The mention of "kukui nut relish" physical, mental, cultural and spiritual their environment and lifestyle. The refers to the lush resources of the land. health of the people. enduring description of Molokai as “the The island as a whole was popularly

- Molokai `Aina Momona Ali`i Fishpond Pa g e 10 | Molokai

III. EDUCATION Education Statement Education is like a wa’a (canoe); it is cation, we firmly link curriculum and our community. This promotes not a vessel through which all elements culture together. only a strong individual identity, but of this vision ("Molokai: Future of a also greater identity within our 'ohana, Hawaiian Island") will be promoted. Hawaiian education emphasizes the community, islands, and world. In addition, education will become a idea of "kūlia i ka nu'u" (striving for cornerstone of our economic strategy. the highest), which requires disci- “We need a place … we can’t teach pline, hard-work and commitment. hula in some shopping center!” said As stated in the previous section, the In old Hawai'i, this search for ad- Kumu hula Kawaikapuokalani Hewett. value of Molokai to the state and the vanced knowledge led to the extensive Molokai is that place. It is a place to rest of the world is its Hawaiian cul- production of taro and poi; unique build and enhance our culture; a place ture. Here in this rural place, Hawaiian fishpond aquaculture; exquisite tapa; for kumu to grow, create, and teach. values are not mere words, but a way beautiful dance; and a melodic Hawai- Molokai is a cultural repository. Special of life. Indeed, it is our living culture ian language. It also created a deep sites will be designated for our greatest that provides a spiritual foundation and vibrant culture able to protect cultural practitioners to reside and pass for education, and makes Molokai a island resources for thousands of years. on their knowledge. Molokai is a place unique place of learning. you come to learn Hawaiian culture— At the heart of the culture are skills to live Hawaiian culture. Indeed, as The phrase Molokai Pule O'o describes and values that center on the growing Molokai kupuna Aunty Clara Ku, has Molokai as a place of deep spiritual and gathering of food from the land stated so clearly about the island of mana. In ancient times, the island was and sea. Fishponds and taro patches Molokai: "We have a lot to teach the also known as a famous piko (center) will become important educational world." of learning, one that produced experts “classrooms,” along with our moun- of the highest level in all aspects of tains, forests, oceans and reefs. By perpetuating traditional knowledge life. Molokai was a place of knowl- systems, remembering and treasuring edge and light; and Ho'ōla (bringing Through education, we learn that it is our history, and evolving with modern life) was a key to learning. Today, by our kuleana (responsibility) to protect technology, we will be preparing our- integrating the Hawaiian concept of these resources for future generations, selves and our children for the future ho'omanamana (spirituality) with edu- as well as to kōkua and give back to of Molokai.

“We Need a Place!” Kumu Kawaikapuokalani Hewett Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 11

Ed u c a t i o n a l Ob j e c t i v e s , v a l u e s a n d p r o j e c t s

Cu l t u r a l a n d Co m m u n i t y Le a r n i n g Ce n t e r s OBJECTIVES/VALUES island.

1. Build on a Hawaiian 2. Develop Cultural/ cultural foundation with a Educational Centers in Molokai perspective. areas such as: Lan- guage, Ceremony/Pro- 2. Honor our ancestors. tocol, Healing, Lā'au 3. Make Molokai a re- Lapa'au, Lomilomi, Mele, pository for all Hawaiian Hula/Oli, Traditional cultural things. Resource Manage- ment, and Cultural 4. Seek and attain knowl- Arts. edge to sustain family. everywhere. 3. Create a Hawaiian 5. Contribute to the well-being and Educational Complex on the West End, flourishing of the Hawaiian Language. 11. Promote education as a primary in addition to the cultural and commu- component of tourism. 6. Promote 'Imi 'Ike (seeking knowl- nity learning centers across the island. edge for life). 12. Extend education island-wide with 4. Support educational programs to various outreach centers. 7. Practice Ma ka hana ka ‘ike (Through propagate/raise traditional resources doing one learns). 13. View the whole island as our (kalo, 'uala, fish, medicinal plants, etc). "classroom" by utilizing place-based 8. Value indigenous ways of knowing 5. Encourage and support programs learning sites. and learning and experiential knowl- that teach the skills and values of sub- edge. 14. Teach young leaders to be wise in sistence living. their stewardship of the island. 9. Perpetuate traditional cultural proto- 6. Create and promote additional job col (for gathering, ceremonies, etc), as skills and business-training programs. PROJECTS well as subsistence skills and values. 7. Create place-based curriculum. 1. Create community-controlled life 10. Support alternative routes of edu- long learning centers throughout the cation. Opportunities for learning are

D.O.E./ Pu b l i c Sc h o o l s

OBJECTIVES/ VALUES PROJECTS 2. Create excursion programs at place- based learning sites. Embrace open communication 1. Work with the D.O.E. to provide amongst island-wide schools to pro- additional learning opportunities for 3. Encourage policymakers to expand mote seamless transitions/coordina- all Molokai residents. This may include the charter school program and pro- tion of programs and transparency. opening resources, such as public vide equitable funding. school computer labs and libraries, to the greater community. 4. Encourage schools to serve food from local producers. Pa g e 12 | Molokai

Co m m u n i t y Co l l e g e , Vo c a t i o n a l a n d Co n t i n u i n g Ed u c a t i o n OBJECTIVES/VALUES 2. Promote workshops that empower the “Vocational Skill Development our community (Hawaiian Rights, Program” would also include aiding 1. Enable graduates to become profi- Land Use Laws, Water Rights, Com- students that may have to reside off- cient in their practices. munity and Political Processes, etc.) island temporarily to complete education in such skills. Even if temporary 2. Give graduates the opportunity for 3. Support efforts to create a perform- relocation is necessary, the intention of continuing education and employment ing arts center and theater. this program is always to see Molokai’s on Molokai. own people returning to back home to 4. Establish and support additional fill these jobs. 3. Support educational activities for our educational opportunities, such as farmers and youth that promote sustain- vocational schools. Examples of Vocational able food production for the island. Skills VOCATIONAL SKILL - General Construction 4. Support vocational training. DEVELOPMENT - Plumbing

5. Promote Education/Learning Op- Too many of Molokai’s practical - Electrical portunities in Renewable Energy, vocational jobs are being filled by - Roofing Sustainability, and Self-Sufficiency. skilled off-island workers. These are - AC/ Refrigeration essential jobs necessary in maintaining - Solar/ Renewable Energy 6. Provide access to professional de- the existing infrastructure of Molokai velopment opportunities (i.e. training, and are not necessarily related to new - Automobile Maintenance and Repair certifications, degrees, apprenticeships, construction or development. Typically - Computer Repair internships etc.). these jobs pay far above minimum - Landscaping/Nursery wage. It is essential that Molokai - Heavy Equipment Operating PROJECTS develop a practical training institu- tion either as a stand-alone facility or - Masonry 1. Support the continued expansion of the in conjunction with other on-island - Flight Maintenance community college on Molokai. learning facilities. The purpose of - Civil Service (Police & Fire Fighting) Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 13 IV. AGRICULTURE/AQUACULTURE In ancient times, the people of Molokai people were able to maintain a sustain- island’s values. In order to achieve were renowned for their ability to able and self-sufficient food supply for this objective it is imperative that the produce abundant quantities of food. thousands of years. agriculture and aquaculture sector on In honor of the great productivity of Molokai thrive apart from the no- the island and its surrounding ocean, Today, it is Molokai’s long-term goal tion that we should import all that we Molokai was frequently referred to to protect our isolated existence in consume. With only 2 weeks of food as 'Āina Momona (abundant land). the middle of the Pacific Ocean from inventory in the state, attaining food Through careful stewardship, Molokai's outside interests that conflict with the self-sufficiency is a major priority—not Keiki o Ka 'Āina: Molokai’s Agricultural Future only for Molokai, but for all of Hawai'i.

The ability to secure a sustainable food supply, and to create a diversified economy for our island and state, will depend on our capacity to provide farmers with an agriculture/aquaculture friendly production environment. By focusing on production-based economic strategies that work toward this goal, such as agriculture and aquaculture initiatives, Molokai can both perpetuate our rural lifestyle and once again become a true 'Āina Momona.

Agricultural /Aq u a c u l t u r e Ob j e c t i v e s

1) Protect and manage natural resourc- methods/techniques. 11) Support the production of value- es, land, and water for agriculture/ added products. aquaculture food production. 6) Encourage and support the production of kalo and 'uala. 12) Support activities and incentives 2) Recognize the limited availability of that will make our fishponds and reefs water as a primary factor in prioritizing 7) Promote cooperative activities for productive and sustainable. suitable agricultural food crops. our family farms to become more ef- ficient and competitive in producing 13) Support fruit tree & native plant 3) Promote and support family farms our food supplies through agriculture/ nurseries. on Molokai in order to protect agri- aquaculture educational activities for culture/aquaculture resources from our farmers and youth. 14) Support the farming of certified commercial exploitation. organic and/or non-GMO crops. 8) Promote activities and incentives 4) Support diversified agriculture that that will help support the economic 15) Support fuel crops that are by- advocates for diversity in food crop security of our farm families. products of food crops. production, diversity in family farm sizes, diversity in farm location, and 9) Promote and support marketing 16) Support continued livestock-raising diversity in marketing style. activities for products produced on operations on Molokai that use sustain- Molokai. able land/water management practices to 5) Encourage and support organic minimize the risk of erosion and to protect and environmentally friendly farming 10) Support "agro-tourism" endeavors. Molokai's limited water resources. Pa g e 14 | Molokai

V. ENVIRONMENT

A. Environmental o v e r v i e w The environment on most pristine in the state. on the north shore, which are A few small areas of native Molokai is relatively un- Molokai’s upper moun- the highest ocean cliffs in the coastal dry shrubland and spoiled compared to more tain ranges are home to world. grassland communities still urban areas in the state. native rainforests housing exist in the region. The beaches are clean and native birds and insects, Although Molokai is less open to public access, and and Oluku'i mountain is developed than the rest of The endangered Hawai- there is relatively little known as the most pris- Hawai'i, its natural resources ian monk seal frequents the air or water pollution. tine, untouched place in are increasingly threatened by beaches of the west end, Molokai’s eastern valleys Hawai'i. Among the natu- the pressures of commercial especially near Lā'au Point. have year-round streams ral scenic attractions are exploitation, poor land-use Molokai is committed to pro- that are rated some of the the magnificent sea cliffs planning, unwise manage- tecting this and other endan- ment, and benign neglect. The gered species. island’s environment is not beyond repair, however, and The Kamakou Forest Reserve there are many opportunities and the West End of the island to restore our environment both contain rare and endan- and to protect those resources gered plant species as well as that remain intact. an important native dominated montane mesic forest and West Molokai is dominated by wet forest. non-native species, but the to- pography and rainfall patterns Regarding aquatic resources, indicate that, at one time, the Molokai has the longest con- area was lowland dry forest tiguous fringe reef system in and shrub. The vegetation of all of the United States and this landscape includes mostly its protectorates. The reef grasses and shrubs, with few begins at Hale o Lono and species of trees. However, extends east along much of over 90 percent of the Ha- the southern shore of the is- waiian low shrublands have land. The inshore areas along been lost to development or this area are also important displacement by alien vegeta- fishponds, hatcheries, and tion. These native ecosystems breeding grounds for many were permanently altered by key subsistence marine fish cattle grazing followed by the species. This is confirmed cultivation of sugarcane and by the many ko'a locations. pineapple. These activities Inshore marine species are caused severe degradation and still abundant along the rug- erosion. The terrain is now ged coastline and tidal pool dominated by invasive species systems. These resources such as the kiawe tree and and reef systems need to be Christmas berry, which have protected from siltation and spread throughout the area. pollution. Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 15

B. Er o s i o n Eroding lands are one of the most 2) Soil Reclamation – Erosion has ally along individual farmers' lots. significant problems on Molokai, par- caused massive soil runoff into the Native trees and trees with secondary ticularly on the West End. A substan- ocean, fishponds and streams. Recla- market value (fruit trees and hard- tial portion of Maunaloa lands have mation will remove the soil from these woods) will be used in the windbreaks. bare soils that erode during seasonal areas and restore it to the land for storms. The worst problems occur agricultural use. 6) Reforestation of Dryland Forests– along the south shore from Punakou Dryland forests, especially on West to Hālena as the inner reef waters 3) Green Molokai – This project calls Molokai, have been destroyed by years are red from land-based sedimenta- for the “greening” of the entire is- of ranching. This project focuses on tion. However, the entire West End is land of Molokai. It complements the replanting uplands in West Molokai to relatively dry and in need of protection reforestation and windbreak projects restore native plants and native forests. from erosion and excessive run-off. proposed at specific sites for environ- The continued health of the coral reef mental and/or economic reasons. A 7) Environmental/Marine Research and marine eco-system is dependent native plant nursery could produce the Center – Establish a culturally sensi- on implementation of erosion control plants needed for this project, as well tive environmental/marine research measures, and this requires immediate as for other projects. center in conjunction with educa- attention. tional and environmental agencies 4) Watershed Protection for East End around the world. An initial focus of Native Forests – Molokai’s last native the Center could be the impacts of C. Environmental o b - forests are disappearing as a result of erosion, global warming, and rising j e c t i v e s k e y p r o j e c t s damage by goats, deer and pigs. These sea levels on the pristine and diverse & forests on the East End of Molokai marine eco-systems of Molokai. These serve as the watershed for the rest include: the intact near shore marine Molokai can become known world- of the island. This project combines environments of Lā'au Point; the wide as a community committed to the fencing with open access for hunters highly productive Penguin Banks; and sustainable management of its land in areas where private landowners are Molokai’s pristine reef environment. and natural resources. Below are some willing to enter into conservation part- The Center could also focus research of the key projects to help protect nerships. These measures are aimed at on restocking these ocean reefs with Molokai’s environment, which will also protecting the native flora and fauna fish. All research must be conducted provide extensive job opportunities: in our forests, so that our watershed in a culturally appropriate manner and remains healthy. be consistent with the values of the 1) West End Erosion Control – This Molokai community. project proposes aggressive erosion 5) Ho'olehua Wind Breaks – Al- control measures in the main gulch though the Ho'olehua plain has These projects would all provide that flows into the Mo'omomi area, extremely fertile soil and access to educational and economic opportuni- Kaka'a'auku'u gulch. These measures irrigation water, its high winds cause ties for our community to help sustain will include rock dikes (gabions), crop damage and loss of water due to Molokai’s environmental resources for hedgerow plantings, siltation ponds, evaporation. This project will build on future generations. and reforestation at the top of the an existing Ho'olehua windbreak plan, Maunaloa mountain. The project and will extend the established Pāla'au should be expanded to other West reforestation project. The windbreaks End gulches if these measures work at will be planted along the coastal pali, Kaka'a'auku'u. around the central plain, and eventu- Pa g e 16 | Molokai

D. En e r g y Se l f Su f f i c i e n c y In striving to accomplish the goal of 2. Transportation • Promote public transportation pow- creating a "self sufficient Molokai," ered by renewable energy. supplying our own energy needs and The scale of Molokai’s roadways and reducing residential utility costs are the limited number of destination • Seek grants to help facilitate research key objectives. Oil Prices continue to points make conversion to renew- and design. rise at an alarming rate while oil sup- able transportation feasible. Although plies appear to be diminishing. Should there are several alternatives on the • Explore other viable energy sources delivery of imported diesel, gasoline horizon, affordable technology for for transportation. and other petrol products become rechargeable electric automobiles prohibitively expensive or cease generated through renewable en- 3. Water Transmission altogether, we would be without the ergy sources such as wind and solar ability to transfer and pump water or is a technology that is available now. • Convert/build wells and pumps for to power our homes, businesses, and Charging could take place at home or water transmission powered by renew- motor vehicles. Currently Molokai is at collective charging stations in each able energy including wind, solar and 100% reliant on energy from petro- community. in line hydro water turbine generators. leum sources. • Develop infrastructure to support • Convert/build backup generators E. Energy Objectives: rechargeable electric automobiles. powered by biodiesel or other fuel sources that can be produced locally 1. Home and Business • Build community charging stations on a limited scale. at Maunaloa, Kaunakakai, Kualapu'u, • Create programs that help to finance and Mana'e. stand-alone power systems for homes/ businesses. • Support businesses providing parts, sales, conversions, maintenance and • Develop a Molokai power grid that repair for renewable energy vehicles. is less dependent on fossil fuels and more reliant on viable renewable energy • Create Programs to help finance auto- sources including solar and wind. mobile conversions and purchases.

• Integrate renewable energy com- ponents into new home and business construction. Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 17

F. Po t e n t i a l Re n e w a b l e En e r g y So u r c e : Wi n d Fa r m The tale of The Wind Gourd of La'amaomao illustrates the ancient power and the cultural significance of winds on Molokai. Molokai is an excellent wind resource, and gathering this energy to generate electrical power is one way to help "Keep Molokai Molokai." Wind energy is a marriage between cutting edge technology and the ancient Hawaiian practice of utilizing a natural resource while preserving it for future generations; thus, a wind farm could serve as an educational tool to teach these concepts. By converting to wind power, Molokai could be a local and international leader in renewable energy. BENEFITS OF WIND POWER

• No water required for the operation of a wind farm.

• Has a small environmental footprint, especially when compared to traditional real estate development.

• Can help provide sustainable energy for Molokai.

• Does not create an inflow of new residents (i.e. population increase).

• Prevents traditional real estate development on Molokai lands, while creating a new "economic engine" and source of revenue for the Molokai community (through annual lease payments).

• All pre-existing land uses can be continued once construction is complete and windmills are in operation.

• Wind companies are required to remove equipment and restore the area at end of their lease.

• Has many global benefits such as reducing our dependence on oil, contributing to cleaner air, and helping to relieve global warming (due to less carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide entering the atmosphere).

• 1 MWh Wind prevents approximately 1700 pounds of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere per year.

• A 50 MW project prevents 150,000 tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere per year.

• A 50 MW project saves the equivalent of 277,400 barrels of oil per year.

Toward a Sustainable Future Pa g e 18 | Molokai

VI. SUBSISTENCE A. Definition of Subsistence

Subsistence is the customary and traditional use by Molokai • Implementation of HRS 7-1 of Hawaii State Law: residents of wild and cultivated renewable resources for direct personal or family consumption as food, shelter, fuel, clothing, "Where the landlords have obtained, or may hereafter obtain, tools, transportation, culture, religion and medicine, for barter or allodial titles to their lands, the people on each of their lands sharing, for personal or family consumption, and for customary shall not be deprived of the right to take firewood, house-tim- trade. ber, aho cord, thatch, or ki leaf, from the land on which they live, for their own private use, but they shall not have a right • Ahupua‘a tenant rights were further expanded in 1978 by to take such articles to sell for profit. The people shall also the Hawaii State Constitutional Convention when it included have a right to drinking water, and running water, and the Article XII, Section 7 in the Hawaii State Constitution, which right of way. The springs of water, running water, and roads reads as follows: shall be free to all, on all lands granted in fee simple; provided that this shall not be applicable to wells and watercourses, “The State reaffirms and shall protect all rights, customarily which individuals have made for their own use." and traditionally exercised for subsistence, cultural and reli- gious purposes and possessed by ahupua‘a tenants who are descendants of native Hawaiians who inhabited the Hawai- ian Islands prior to 1778, subject to the right of the State to regulate such rights.” Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 19

B. Su b s i s t e n c e Ba c k g r o u n d Many families on Molokai continue to rely upon subsis- traditional Hawaiian cultural values, customs, and prac- tence fishing, hunting, gathering, and/or cultivation to tices. Cultural knowledge, including place names; fishing provide a significant portion of their families' food needs. ko'a; methods of fishing and gathering; and the reproduc- Indeed, many Molokai families supplement their regular tive cycles of marine and land resources, have been passed household income through subsistence activities. Therefore, down from one generation to the next through training in the continued availability and protection of the island's subsistence skills. The sharing of foods gathered through natural resources is essential to perpetuate these subsis- subsistence activities has continued to reinforce good tence practices. relations among members of extended families and with neighbors. Subsistence has also been critical to the persistence of

C. Re s u l t s Fr o m Th e Mo l o k a i Su b s i s t e n c e St u d y Molokai continues to be a rural island Among the respondents, 76% ranked that subsistence was important to the where subsistence is one of the basic subsistence as very important and lifestyle of Molokai. economic activities. somewhat important to their own families. The three major problems identified Among the random sample group were: surveyed across the entire island, 28% Virtually every respondent believed of their food is • Off island acquired through people who subsistence activi- take too much. ties. • Taking of Among the Hawai- undersized ian families sur- juveniles. veyed, 38% of their food is acquired • Lack of access. through subsistence activities.

Molokai Axis Deer: Hunted by Hawaiians since the 1860s Pa g e 20 | Molokai

D. Su b s i s t e n c e E. Sh o r e l i n e Tr e n d s & Iss u e s Ma n a g e m e n t Pl a n F. Re e f s a n d Fi s h p o n d s Subsistence on Molokai will Molokai needs a comprehen- Molokai’s south shore features Hawaii’s most exten- continue to be essential to the sive shoreline management sive coastal reef system, with offshore reefs stretching lifestyle of the people. A ma- plan based on successful pro- over 14,000 acres. Native Hawaiians built numerous jor facet to the perpetuation grams, such as the Mo'omomi stone-walled fishponds within this protective reef of subsistence activities—and subsistence fishing area barrier prior to Western contact, and 64 of these an- the protection of the neces- model. cient fishponds are still intact. These fishponds were sary natural resources—is the highly valued for intensive food production. Today recognition of subsistence as there is great potential for rebuilding and restock- an essential and viable sector of ing these ponds as a source of food for Molokai. An the overall economy. Therefore, average-sized 15 acre fishpond could yield 600 lbs of it is essential to balance future fish per acre annually. If Molokai’s fishponds were economic development/growth brought back into production, the total annual yield on the island in order to assure could be over 600,000 lbs. its continuation. Fishponds could also function as holding areas for See Appendix B for a list of restocking the reefs, not only on Molokai, but also identified subsistence activities across the island chain. and products.

Hawaiians were the only Polynesians to practice fishpond aquaculture Keawanui Fishpond Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 21

VII. TOURISM A. Ov e r v i e w Our island community’s greatest as- industry without making tourism the A tourism marketing plan would target sets to host visitors are: the hospitality primary economic industry. niche markets of people interested in of its people; our environment and Molokai’s environment and culture. natural resources; and our rich cultural Molokai residents want visitors to The overall marketing effort would heritage and traditions. truly appreciate our traditional subsis- target visitors who respect the island’s tence lifestyle while at the same time uniqueness and the people who live In the final analysis, the challenge is to respecting our customs and traditions here, while managing the number of “Keep Molokai Molokai” while allow- by not moving to Molokai and exploit- visitors that is right-sized for Molokai’s ing visitor activities that will diversify ing our lifestyle and our land. Land infrastructure. This will yield a better and enhance a sustainable economy speculation will manipulate property quality experience for tourists and also for the island of Molokai. Molokai costs and assessments, and ultimately for residents. needs to actively manage its visitor drive up land values.

B. To u r i s m Ob j e c t i v e s • Support a tourism industry based on • No pohō (waste). Make use of the • Re-open the Kaluako'i course for authentic Hawaiian culture and values. existing infrastructure and/or zoning public play contingent upon imple- already built or in place on the West menting design, operations and main- • Promote community and employee End (and elsewhere on the island). tenance plans to eliminate fertilizer/ “ownership” in the industry. pesticide runoff and to minimize the • Re-open the Kaluako'i hotel, either • Protect ourselves from rising land total use of water by: as a hotel or as a Hawaiian Educa- prices and taxes. tional Complex. a) using 100% of the grey water gener- • Protect our natural resources and ated from the Kalauko'i sewage treat- • Create a limited luxury tourism complex, wildlife. ment system towards fulfilling course possibly using Kona Village as an example. irrigation needs; • Establish methods to control and mon- • Re-open the Lodge. itor tourism to ensure cultural integrity. b) employing drought resistant plants • Use “B&B” and other local infrastruc- in the landscape scheme; • Create a specific marketing plan that ture as additional accommodations. projects Molokai’s tourism policies and c) reducing excess turf areas; objectives. • Implement the Mālama Cultural d) applying innovative green tech- Park plan. (A park in Kaunakakai with • Partner with MVA, guidebooks & nologies to perpetuate environmental cultural, educational and recreational travel agents to ensure distribution of protection standards. activities for residents and visitors.) appropriate information. • Recognizing Molokai's limited water • No new Golf Courses. • No expansion of airport and harbor resources, seek a legally binding prohibi- infrastructure in order to accommodate • Support the existing Ironwoods golf tion on further subdivision of the large large-scale tourism agendas, such as course and its affordable fees for public agricultural lots in Pāpōhaku and Moana those prevalent on other islands. play. Makani residential subdivisions. Pa g e 22 | Molokai

C. Pr i n c i p l e s To Gu i d e To u r i s m 1. Hawaiian Culture 2. Community Involvement • Education has always been a major foundation in Molokai’s history (Molokai • Hawaiian culture, both traditional • Development for tourism must be kept Pule O’o). and how it is lived on Molokai today, to a more intimate scale for quality experi- is the foundation for activities in- ences for both community and visitors. 4. Conversion of Existing cluding Tourism. Tourism Infrastructure • Exposure to the Molokai rural lifestyle • On Molokai we want to share our and the local community can enrich the • Converting the existing tourism infra- authentic Hawaiian culture, not sell visitors’ experience. structure to "best use" is essential to the it. island’s tourism economy. • We should encourage personal and • The Molokai kūpuna play an essen- interactive modes of communication • Tourist activities should have an authen- tial role in keeping the integrity of the and education with visitors. tic Hawaiian essence and an educational Hawaiian culture. component for resource protection. 3. Education • Molokai can offer Hawaiian culture • Design and landscaping and of tourist in a modern day setting based on the • Education is an integral component of facilities should harmonize with the local past. tourism. environment, ecology and culture.

The New Face of Molokai Tourism Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 23

D. Se p a r a t i n g Re a l Es t a t e Sa l e s Fr o m To u r i s m Rising above the varied tourism issues Hawaii's new young families. Property depend on it." In order for tourism on Molokai, is the expanding sale of taxes have also increased, placing a to be supported on Molokai, it needs Molokai properties at escalated prices. burden on longtime island residents. to be separated from the sale of real Tourism in Hawaii has been inextrica- This bumper sticker sums up the senti- property on the island. bly linked to the sale of real property. ment of most of the longtime residents This has driven the cost of land beyond of Molokai: "Molokai: Not for Sale. the reach of many residents, especially Just Visit. Our economy and lifestyle

E. To u r i s m Ta r g e t Ma r k e t s Molokai’s tourism target market will focus on niche markets of visitors interested in Molokai’s unique environment and culture—a range of individuals and/or groups from local kama'āina to environmental volunteers ("voluntourism") to those seeking limited luxury accommodations. The overall marketing effort would target visitors who respect the island’s uniqueness and the people who live here, while managing the number of visitors that is right-sized for Molokai’s infrastructure. This will allow Molokai to both share and protect the elements that make Molokai—and the Molokai lifestyle—so special.

• KAMA'ĀINA • ENVIRONMENTAL & • THOSE SEEKING A SAFE, COMMUNITY SERVICE QUIET, and RELAXED PLACE Locals from neighbor islands who VOLUNTEERS appreciate the value of Molokai as a Attract visitors who like a slow pace unique and special island. A younger demographic can appreci- and what the Molokai lifestyle has to ate what the environment offers and offer, as well as those who appreci- • THOSE SEEKing HEALTH promote environmental preservation ate the environment and seek R&R or AND HEALING EXPERIENCEs and giving back to the land ("volun- spiritual relaxation in a safe place. This And/or TRAINING tourism" and "agro-tourism" rather may include limited "luxury tourism." than "ecotourism.") Volunteers could The healing places and spirit of the is- plant native plants, help clean the for- • SPORTS ENTHUSIASTS land can attract visitors to Molokai, as ests or help restore the fishponds. can specific healing programs, centers Organizers of sports tournaments and training (such as for lomilomi). • LOCALS WHO MOVED AWAY; should be encouraged to host a tour- Nostalgic visitors nament on Molokai, as has been done • INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND in the past. Molokai can be a venue THEIR SUPPORTERS Kama'āina who now live in the conti- for sports camps. nental U.S., as well as other kama'āina We want to reach out to the Hawai- in the baby boomer age bracket, can • THOSE WHO WON’T BUY A ian community and other indigenous come to experience Molokai as the HOME ON MOLOKAI communities, who will come to experi- Hawai'i they once knew. ence, respect, and be a witness to the Molokai residents want those who island, rather than wanting to change • Low-Impact VISITORS won't buy a home on Molokai to visit. Molokai. These groups can work at This message needs to be carefully various cultural sites (such as fish- Visitors in the ecological, spiritual, conveyed. ponds and taro lo'i), while appreciating cultural, and educational markets would the experience of being on Molokai. leave the smallest footprint on the environment, infrastructure, and resources. Pa g e 24 | Molokai VIII. GOVERNANCE Go v e r n a n c e Ba c k g r o u n d /'Ah a Mo k u Sy s t e m The most effective management and In ancient times, these ahupua'a were was governed by a council of represen- use of an island ecosystem takes into managed through a place-based tatives from its various ahupua'a, and account the natural distribution of system of governance called the 'Aha similarly, the entire island was gov- resources throughout the landscape, Moku. Within each ahupua'a a council erned by a council of representatives using wedge-shaped divisions called of respected expert practitioners and from its various moku. Finally, repre- ahupua'a that extend from mountain elders would make decisions for the sentatives from each mokupuni (island) tops/ridges down through valley bot- area, especially regarding the use of would join together to make decisions toms and out along the reef-sheltered natural resources. Each person was for Hawai'i as a whole. shores. The typical ahupua'a includes viewed as a single aho (cord) woven an ocean fishery and beach, a stretch together with many others to form an Under this 'Aha Moku form of gov- of kula (open cultivatable land), a 'aha (braided cord; council). A moku ernance, the land flourished and the fresh water source, and a forest area. was a larger district containing many people of Molokai were able to live Molokai has more than 60 ahupua'a. different ahupua'a. Each moku (district) in harmony with the natural environment—and with each other—for generation upon generations.

Go v e r n a n c e Ob j e c t i v e s

1. Support the ongoing creation of state and county laws that have special conditions to reflect and preserve the unique nature of Molokai.

2. Support legislation efforts to create a separate Molokai “county code.”

3. Support legislation to create a special “State Cultural District” for Molokai under the Hawaii Community Development Authority.

4. Implement Special Management Area (SMA) designation for the entire island.

5. Encourage policy makers to embrace utilization of agricultural lands to con- We Want our tribute to our food self-sufficiency. 6. Work towards becoming our own county. Place Back 7. Implement the traditional 'Aha Moku system. Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 25

Appendix A: Proposed Molokai Projects

Environmental Pr o t e c t i o n Ec o n o m i c Productivity Pr o j e c t s Pr o j e c t s Project: Taro Production Initiative • Project: Watershed Protection Goal: A fully operational taro industry provides job opportuni- Goal: At least 3,000 acres of watershed will be ties, minimizes economic risk to growers, and complements the protected. subsistence lifestyle of Molokai's residents.

• Project: Water Management Plan and Water • Project: Aquaculture Development Transfer Moratorium Goal: A fully operational aquaculture industry provides jobs and Goal: The water supply for the community will complements a subsistence lifestyle for residents of Molokai. be sustainable. • Project: Ho'olehua Multi-Service Center • Project: Native Plant Nursery Goal: Develop a community commercial kitchen for family entre- Goal: To have a viable nursery industry that preneurs. employs local families and is able to meet the • Project: Agriculture Cooperatives plant materials demands of local and state-wide commercial and public planting needs. Goal: Cooperatives will provide needed services and supplies that are currently unavailable on Molokai. • Project: Erosion Control on the West End • Project: Disinfestation Facility Goal: Soil sediment runoff entering the ocean along Molokai's western coastline will be re- Goal: Fruit production and exports by Molokai fruit growers will duced. increase through the construction of a fruit disinfestation facility.

• Project: Ho'olehua Windbreak Planting • Project: Molokai Electric Co. Brownfield Clean-Up & Re- development Goal: To increase crop production in central Molokai. Goal: The old electric company brownfield site will be cleaned and turned into a business/recreational complex that provides a tele- • Project: Historic Sites Inventory communication hub, job opportunities, and recreational activities Goal: Molokai will have a comprehensive survey, for community residents. interpretation, and multi-media presentation on • Project: Slaughterhouse archaeological, cultural and natural sites. Goal: Molokai livestock sales will increase to local and off-island • Project: Waste Management Plan markets. Goal: Molokai will reduce the volume of waste • Project: Molokai Logo/Group that it produces, re-use items rather than throw Insurance them away, and recycle items that are no longer useable. Goal: Producers of quality Molokai products will have a logo to help • Project: Green Molokai them with marketing, and access to Goal: All of Molokai will be green. group insurance when they qualify to use the logo. Pa g e 26 | Molokai

Appendix A: Proposed Molokai Projects - continued

Se l f -Go v e r n a n c e Pr o j e c t s He a l t h y Co m m u n i t y Pr o j e c t s

• Project: Community Land Trust • Project: Multi-Disciplinary Human Services Complex

• Goal: Greater community control over island Goal: A local, integrated, comprehensive health and human services system resources will be established through the cre- supports Molokai residents. ation of a community land trust which will seek • Project: Dialysis Treatment Center to acquire Molokai lands from non-resident owners. Goal: Improve the delivery of dialysis health services on Molokai

• Project: Youth Leadership • Project: Malama Cultural Park

• Goal: Young adults will actively participate as Goal: Malama Cultural Park will provide an environment for the learning leaders in community affairs. and sharing of Hawaiian history, traditions, and practices.

• Project: Learning Centers • Project: Visitor Coordinator

• Goal: Life-long learning opportunities will be Goal: To increase Molokai hotel occupancy rates. provided in accessible locations for preschoolers • Project: Self-Help Housing Loan Fund to adults. Goal: Provide opportunities for home-ownership for low-income families. • Project: SMA Designation for Island • Project: New Kaunakakai Recreation Center Goal: To protect coastal resources, the entire island of Molokai will be designated as a Shore- Goal: Build a new recreational center with modern equipment and sports facilities. line Management Area. • Project: Theater • Project: Traditional Land Use Designation Goal: Create a performing arts facility that may also be used for community • Goal: Establish a traditional land-use designa- meetings and conferences. tion for the island of Molokai. • Project: Molokai Museum Expansion • Project: Fisheries Management Designation Goal: Improve the facilities at Molokai’s only museum. Goal: Molokai’s nearshore coastal resources will • Project: Improve Transportation On and Off-Island be protected through designation of the island as a community-based fisheries management area. Goal: Molokai residents will have access to convenient and low-cost transportation options both on Molokai and between the islands. • Project: Hawaiian Rights Education • Project: Kaunakakai Harbor Improvements Goal: Residents of Molokai understand the legal rights of native Hawaiians, and controversy over Goal: Improve the harbor for recreational use by canoe paddlers and other these rights is minimized. ocean based activities.

• Project: Long-Distance Learning • Project: Improve Access for Subsistence Activities

• Goal: Learning opportunities are available via Goal: Create better access to hunting, fishing, gathering and other subsis- telecommunications to the Molokai community. tence activities.

• Project: Education Coordinator • Project: Molokai General Hospital Information System

• Goal: Learning activities are coordinated to Goal: Create a telemedicine system for long-distance health care, and a insure maximum effectiveness. computer information system for research and patient management. Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 27

Appendix B: Identified Subsistence Practices And Resources

Fishing/Diving • Uhu Land/Forest Gathering • 'Ahi • Uouoa • A'ali'i • Aku • Weke • 'Āhinahina • Akule • 'Ākala Ocean/shoreline • 'Āweoweo gathering • 'Awa • Enenue • Crab/pāpa'i • Banana/Mai'a • Hīnālea • He'e /squid • Guava • Kāhala • Kupe'e • Hala/Lauhala • Kākū • Leho • Hāpu'u/Palapalai ferns • Kala • Limu • Hau • Kawakawa • Lobster/Ula • 'Ilima • Kole • 'Opihi • Kauna'oa • Kūmū • Pipipi • Kiawe • Kūpīpī • Pa'akai • Koa • Lai • Sea cucumber/loli • Koali • Mahimahi • Wana • Kō'oko'olau • Mamo • Kou Fishpond/aquaculture • Manini • Kukui • Mullet • Mempachi/u'u • Liko/lehua • Moi • Moana • Mangrove • Ogo/limu • Moi • Milo

• Mullet Hunting • Mountain apple • 'Ō'io • Niu • Deer • Onaga • Noni • Pigs • Ono • Papaya • Goats • 'Ōpakapaka • Pepeiao • Birds • 'Ōpelu • Plum • Palani Stream Gathering • Pōpolo • Pāpio/Ulua • Hīhīwai/pūpū • Ti leaf/root • Rainbow runner • Prawns • 'Ulu • Taape • O'opu • Toau • 'Ōpae Pa g e 28 | Molokai

Appendix C: Basic Overview of Document

Environment Productivity Self-Governance Healthy Community Guiding Hawai- Molokai Nui A Hina: Molokai 'Āina Momona: Molokai Pule O’o: Molokai Nō Ka Heke: ian Proverbs Molokai, Great Child of Molokai, Land of Molokai, Land of Pow- Molokai is the Greatest! Hina. Plenty. erful Prayer. Sub Categories Environment Agriculture Hawaiian Culture Molokai Life Style Aquaculture Education Subsistence Governance Cultural Tourism Community Land Trust Agro-Tourism Voluntourism Overall Goal “Molokai’s environ- “Molokai’s economy “Molokai’s future will “Molokai’s families will ment will be clean, will be strong, diversi- be in the hands of the be healthy physically, healthy, and protected fied, and production- people who live on the mentally and spiritually.” from damage, pollution, based. Small busi- island.” and over-exploitation.” nesses and individual entrepreneurs will build the economy, with agriculture and aquaculture as its cornerstones.” Catchphrases/ Environmental Resto- Self-Sufficiency 'Aha Moku System; Balanced; Holistic; “Buzzwords”: ration and Protection; (economic and food); 'Ahupua’a Physical, Natural, Spiri- Sustainability; Natural Sustainable Agricul- Moloka'i Mana tual Resources Protection; ture; “Bread basket of Energy Independence; Hawai'i”; “Life Chang- Clean/Renewable En- ing” Molokai Experi- ergy; “Green” Ecology ence Examples of • Watershed Protection • Taro Production • Community Land • Multi-Disciplinary Hu- Projects and • Water Management Initiative Trust man Services Complex Potential Invest- • Aquaculture Develop- • Youth Leadership • Dialysis Treatment ments • Shoreline Manage- ment and Protection ment (Fishponds) • Learning Centers Center • Reef Management/ • Ho'olehua Multi- • SMA Designation for • Malama Cultural Park Protection Service Center/Com- Island • Self-Help Housing mercial Kitchen • Native Plant Nursery • Traditional Land Use Loan Fund • Agriculture Coopera- Designation • New Recreation Centers • Erosion Control tives • Fisheries Manage- • Theater • Windbreak Planting • Disinfestation Facility ment Designation • Museum Expansion • Historic Sites Inven- • Brownfield Clean-Up tory • Hawaiian Rights • Improve Transporta- and Re-development Education • Waste Management tion On and Off-Island • Environmental Recla- • Long-Distance • Green Molokai mation • Improved Access for Learning Subsistence Activities • Windfarm • Slaughterhouse • Education Coordina- • Molokai General Hos- • Biofuel • Molokai Logo/Group tor pital Information System Insurance • Environmental/Ma- • Hawaiian Education • Kulana 'Oiwi (Hawai- rine research center Complex ian Agencies Complex) Fu t u r e Of A Ha w a i i a n Is l a n d | Pa g e 29

Appendix D: Survey of Molokai Values In 1981, a team of University of Hawaii graduate sociology students conducted a survey of Molokai residents as part of a study for the Molokai Data Book. Survey participants were asked to rank a number of values that had been given positive connotations in interviews with a sampling of Molokai residents. The outcome of this study was a prioritized list of the values most important to the Molokai community. Those values were, in order of priority:

Highest Values Lowest Values 1. Family togetherness 1. Development 2. Education 2. Higher Prices 3. A Rural Lifestyle 3. Tourism 4. Everyone knows everyone 5. Land 6. Slow pace 7. Jobs 8. Ability to live off the Land (Subsistence) 9. Hawaiian culture 10. Sports

The top values on this list are still paramount in the this name, was the economic theory behind the traditional Hawai- life of the community, and the Molokai Vision Statement (see ian subsistence way of life. To Hawaiians, this meant not taking page 4 of this document) reflects these values. The Statement's too much today because if you do, it won't be there tomorrow. It concern for the health of the island's people, its environment, meant sharing with family and friends, and taking care of the land and its Hawaiian culture is self-evident. Its message as to in the same way that the land takes care of you. Molokai has kept economic change is more subtle, but is best introduced by the its traditions of caring for the land and the community . . . in spite Hawaiian term aloha 'āina (love of the land) of repeated attempts to impose development projects which gave little thought to the living standard of the next generation." The concept of aloha 'āina is based on the traditional Hawaiian perspective that the 'āina (land) is alive, and must The economic future envisioned by this com- be respected, treasured, nurtured and protected if it is to be munity is one that builds on these principles by creating a productive. In return for this good stewardship, Hawaiians sustainable, production-based economy. Thus a number of believe that the land will sustain the people who care for it. the projects given top priority by the community relate to (If the people are pono, the land lives; if the land lives, the protecting the island’s natural resources, since the success people live.) For instance, in ancient times an abundance of production-based industries like agriculture and aquacul- of water was regarded as the highest symbol of wealth, and ture is heavily dependent on the health of these resources. thus, fresh water sources were stringently protected. In return Other projects are aimed at instilling aloha 'āina values in the for their protection of the land, the people of Molokai became generations who now live on the island through cultural and renowned for their ability to produce abundant quantities of community education. food, and the island acquired the name 'āina momona (abundant land).

The Molokai Vision Statement expresses our community's belief that we can restore this island's legendary productivity if we become more vigilant guardians of its resources. Indeed, this sacred, mutually dependant relationship between the land and the people sustained the island of Molokai for thousands of years, and the Molokai Vision Statement affirms that this relationship is the bedrock value on which Molokai's economic strategy will be founded.

The Molokai Sustainable Development report of 1995 expressed the concept of aloha 'āina on Molokai in a modern-day context: "Sustainability, although not known by Pa g e 30 | Molokai Map of Molokai

Halawa Valley Kalaupapa Airport Puù o Hoku iLIO pOINT • kALAUPAPA Moòmomi Kepuhi BEACH kALAE Kaluakoi hOÒLEHUA hOMESTEADS PAPOHAKU • kUALAPUÙ tOWN BEACH Kamakou Koòlau Hoòlehua Airport • Maunaloa Town

• kAUNAKAKAI tOWN Manae kAUNAKAKAI hARBOR ka lae o ka la'au Hale O Lono (la'AU pOINT) Harbor

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Regional Development Plan: A Report to the Maui Planning Commission. The County of Maui. December 1979. Ma ka hana ka `ike Through doing one learns Mahalo e na kupuna o Molokai, i ke kokua a kakoo mau me ke aloha...