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HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE GUIDELINES for HAWAIIAN IMMERSION Grades K and 1

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HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE GUIDELINES for HAWAIIAN IMMERSION Grades K and 1 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner HAWAIIAN LANGUAGE GUIDELINES FOR HAWAIIAN IMMERSION Grades K and 1 Final Report to the Office of Hawaiian Education State of Hawaiÿi DOE Project: ÿÖlelo Ola Dr. Sam L. Noÿeau Warner Department of Hawaiian & Indo-Pacific Languages and Literatures University of Hawaiÿi at Mänoa E hele i ka papa kuhikuhi analula (ÿaoÿao ÿekahi)(ÿaoÿao ÿelua) This report sets out the basic guidelines as to the grammatical structures and features that should be acquired by children in the Hawaiian Immersion grade-K and grade-1 classrooms. While no claim is made that the goals set out herein are all encompassing, based on the research and experience gained in child language acqisition of Hawaiian, they are fundamental goals that the children should be able to acquire over the course of the first two years of Hawaiian immersion (grades K-1). Further, they will provide a sound foundation of the children’s Hawaiian language for further acquisition of Hawaiian. It should be noted, that the goals provided herein are substantial and will take time for teachers to modify their curriculum and teaching practices to achieve them all. As language acquisition is long process, these guidelines are provided in the hope that grade-K and grade-1 teachers will target them in their teaching. Teachers should not view these guidelines as subjects to “cover” (i.e., to teach a certain number of times and claim that their job is done). The proof in language acquisition is in the children’s ability to use the language, not in the teachers’ ability to document that they spent one or more lessons on each grammatical feature targeted. These guidelines are not intended as a manual to teach Kula Kaiapuni teachers grammar. The assumption is that the typical Kula Kaiapuni teacher will know the majority of the grammatical features presesnted within these guidelines. However, examples are provided when deemed necessary. An index is being provided which sets out the metalinguistic terms for each grammatical feature in Hawaiian and English given the relatively recent advent of the current grammatical descriptive terms in Hawaiian the diversity in which Hawaiian is taught across the state. 1 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner The guidelines are highlighted in two colors. Red indicates grammatical structures or features that the author of this report generally believes need work in most Kula Kaiapuni K-1 classrooms. There may be K-1 Kaiapuni classrooms, however, in which these structures have already been mastered by most or all students. Kaiapuni teachers should use the target guidelines as they apply to their own students and classrooms. Teachers should also look carefully at the examples presented in red, as they often include specific structures or features that are problematic for the Kula Kaiapuni students. The blue highlights indicate targets that should be viewed with caution. While it suggested that teachers themselves use these structures communicatively and grammatically in speaking with their students, the students themselves may not be able to do so initially. The caution is that some or all students may not be developmentally/cognitively ready to acquire some of these concepts. Thus, trying to force children to acquire concepts such as the difference between kinoÿö and kinoÿä possessives, or determiners ke and ka, or certain terms related to time before children have adequately developed concepts related, for example, to time may prove frustrating to the students (and therefore the teacher and parent as well). Still the teacher is encouraged to provide good models of these features as appropriate. As always, more research is needed to answer some of these questions and to further develop the guidelines and direction of the program. The following two pages presents a Table of Contents in Hawaiian. The terms for each Hawaiian structure or feature focused upon was originally developed in Nä Kai ÿEwalu by Wilson and Kamanä (1977). Some adaptations have been made by Warner and Laiana Wong at UH Mänoa. TO USE: To access specific structure or feature presented in these guidelines in the Papa Kuhikuhi Analula below, simply click on the appropriate heading. E hele i ka papa kuhikuhi analula (ÿaoÿao ÿekahi)(ÿaoÿao ÿelua) 2 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner PAPA KUHIKUHI ANALULA (ÿaoÿao ÿekahi) Pepeke ÿAike ÿO Pepeke + Kuÿa Hola ÿEhia? …a hiki i… Pepeke ÿAike He Pepeke Henua Painu I mea aha këia? Nä PAINU KIKOÿÏ E Makaÿala Ai I KIKINO naÿu HAMANI Pepeke He… kä/ko HEHELE ÿAÿANO Pepeke ÿAÿohe Oÿa Hele a ÿAÿANO Pepeke ÿAÿohe Oÿa (PAPANI) He Keu Aku Pepeke Helu Oÿa Kokoke Pepeke Helu Oÿa (PAPANI) ÿAneÿane Pepeke Henua ÿAÿANO no ka hoÿohälikelike ÿana Kälele Henua \ ÿOi aku Kälele Nonoÿa Like (me) Kälele Kümua Like a like (me) Kälele Hoahana ÿAno like (me) Nä MEMEÿA ÿOkoÿa PIKO. ÿOkoÿa PIKO HAMANI PAINU e like me HEHELE Me he MEA ala ÿAÿANO Nä Kähulu ÿIAE Kähulu Hua ÿÖlelo (KIKINO) KIKINO Kähulu Hua ÿÖlelo (PAINU) Pepeke Painu Kähulu ÿAwe Hoahana (PAINU) Nä Mäka Painu (ÿIke loa) Kähulu Pepeke Painu Nä Mäka Painu (Höÿole) …Piko Hou ÿOle Pepeke Painu Akula …Piko Hou Painu Nonoÿa Iho KÄHULU PEPEKE PIKO HOU Kikoÿï ÿAkahi a PAINU He aha käu i PAINU ai? Kälele ÿÄkena ÿEhia MEA a Kapua i PAINU ai? Nä Mäka Painu (ÿIke loa) ÿEhia äna MEA i PAINU ai? Nä Mäka Painu (Höÿole) ÿAÿohe MEA a ka wahine i PAINU ai. Kälele Külana Painu ÿAÿohe aÿu MEA e PAINU ai. Nä Mäka Painu (He) Nui nä MEA a ke kumu i PAINU ai. Nä Nïnau E hoÿomau i ka ÿaoÿao ÿelua. 3 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner PAPA KUHIKUHI ANALULA (ÿaoÿao ÿelua) Kähulu Pepeke Nonoÿa Mäka Piko: ø Kiÿa Pepeke Nä PAPANI Paÿakikï / Maÿalahi Nä PAPANI + IÿOA/KIKINO Mäkaukau Iÿoa Maÿuli/Paku + mä E pili ana i/iä… Helu ÿEhia I kahi ÿë ÿEhia Mea Maliÿa paha, PEPEKE Ka Mea Helu ÿEhia Inä Ka Mua O Ka Mea Akä Nä Mea ÿEhia A laila Päkahi No laila Ma kahi o ka # No Ka Mea Nä Kaÿi A Kikoÿï A ME Kikoÿï ÿole Iÿoa Henua Nä Kaÿi Oÿa IÿOA HENUA: E Makaÿala Kinoÿö Iÿoa Henua + Oÿa Hupua Kinoÿä Mäka Piko no ka Iÿoa Henua (ÿo) NÄ MANAWA Hoakäka këia MANAWA aÿe këlä MANAWA aku nei Nä ÿAmi ka MANAWA nei ÿAmi Henua: ma, i, iä këia MANAWA ÿAmi Hoahana: me ka lä ma nehinei ÿAmi Kümua: mai ka lä ÿapöpö ÿAmi Kümua: maiä Nä Lä O Ka Pule ÿAmi Nonoÿa: no ÿAmi Nonoÿa: na Nä Mahina O Ka Makahiki ÿÄkena ÿIae: e Nä Pö Mahina ÿAmi ÿÄkena ÿAÿano: i , iä Hune ÿAÿau ÿAmi Lauka: i, iä Pepeke, ÿAÿole Anei? ÿAmi hea: e Pepeke, ÿeä Nä Mäka Ka ÿOhana Mäka Oÿa: o Mäka Oÿa: a Nä Mea Like ÿOle Mäka Piko: ÿo E hoÿi i ka ÿaoÿao ÿekahi. 4 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner NÄ PAHU HOPU ÿÖLELO HAWAIÿI No Ka Papa Mälaaÿo A Me Ka Papa ÿEkahi O Ke Kula Kaiapuni Hawaiÿi Pepeke ÿAike ÿO ÿIke loa: ÿO Kauÿi ke kumu Höÿole: ÿAÿole ÿo Kauÿi ÿo ke kumu. Nïnau: ÿO wai ka inoa o kou makuahine? ÿO wai këlä mokupuni? ÿO wai këlä hale ÿaina? ÿO wai këlä puke? ÿO wai këlä iÿa? ÿO wai këia pö? ÿO ka mea hea ke kumu? ÿO ka Pöÿahia këia? ÿO ka lä ÿehia këia? ÿO ka mahina hea këia? ÿO ka makahiki hea këia? Hola ÿEhia? Nïnau: Hola ÿehia këia? ÿIke loa: Hola ÿewalu këia. Hapalua hola ÿewalu këia. Pepeke ÿAike He ÿIke loa: He manini këia. Höÿole: ÿAÿole këia he manini. Nïnau: He aha kënä? He aha käu hana? He aha ke ÿano o këlä iÿa? (He manini ke ÿano o këlä iÿa.) He aha ka inoa o këlä iÿa? (He manini kona inoa.) I mea aha këia? Nïnau: I mea aha këia? Pane: I mea e käkau ai. E HOÿI I KA PAPA KUHIKUHI ANALULA (ÿaoÿao ÿekahi)(ÿaoÿao ÿelua) 5 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner I KIKINO naÿu Nïnau: I haukalima näu? ÿIke loa: I haukalima naÿu, ke ÿoluÿolu. Pepeke He… kä/ko ÿIke loa: He kalo kaÿu. Nïnau: He aha käu? Pepeke ÿAÿohe Oÿa Höÿole: ÿAÿohe kälä a Keola. Nïnau: ÿEhia päpale o këlä wahine? Pepeke ÿAÿohe Oÿa (PAPANI) Höÿole: ÿAÿohe oÿu kaikuaÿana. Nïnau: ÿEhia äu puke? Pepeke Helu Oÿa ÿIke loa: Hoÿokahi hale o ke käne. Nïnau: ÿEhia hale o ke käne? ÿEhia makahiki o ke keiki? Pepeke Helu Oÿa (PAPANI) ÿIke loa: ÿElua äna puaÿa. ÿElima oÿu makahiki. Nïnau: ÿEhia äna puaÿa? ÿEhia ou makahiki? ÿEhia ona makahiki? Pepeke Henua ÿIke loa: Aia au ma ke kula. Eia au ma ka hale. Aia nö ia iä ÿoe. Aia käu kälä iaÿu. Höÿole: ÿAÿole au ma ke kula. ÿAÿole iaÿu käu kälä. Nïnau: Aia i hea ÿoe? Aia iä wai kaÿu kälä? E HOÿI I KA PAPA KUHIKUHI ANALULA (ÿaoÿao ÿekahi) (ÿaoÿao ÿelua) 6 Hawaiian Language Guidelines K-1, Kula Kaiapuni Sam L. Noÿeau Warner Kälele Henua ÿIke loa: Ma ke kula ÿo ia I ka lä ÿäpöpö ka päÿina. Iaÿu nä kikiki. Höÿole: ÿAÿole ÿo ia ma ke kula. ÿAÿole ka päÿina i ka pö nei. ‘A’ole ia’u nå kikiki. Nïnau: Ma hea ÿo ia? I hea? I ka manawa hea? Ma ka “ÿäina” hea? I ka Pöÿahia? I ka hola ÿehia? I ka makahiki hea? I ka mahina hea Iä wai? Kälele Nonoÿa ÿIke loa: Naÿu këia mea. No Lei kënä päpale. Höÿole: ÿAÿole naÿu kënä mea. ÿAÿole no Lei këia päpale. Nïnau: Na wai ka ÿïlio ÿeleÿele? No wai këia mau hale? No wai ke kuleana? No wai ka hewa? No hea mai ÿoe? No ke aha këlä päÿina? Kälele Kümua ÿIke loa: Mai Niÿihau mai ka moku.
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