1 2018 States and Regions Questionnaire HELLENIC

2018 States and Regions Questionnaire

HELLENIC REPUBLIC REGION OF ATTICA

Annual Climate Disclosure Report

JUNE 2018

CDP's States and Regions Platform 1

CDP's States and Regions Platform 2

2018 States and Regions Questionnaire

CDP's States and Regions Platform

I. Welcome to CDP's States and Regions Platform

II. 1. Introduction a. General information

III. 2. Governance a. Regional planning b. Regional opportunities

IV. 3. Emissions - Region-wide a. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Region-wide b. External verification – Region-wide c. Region-wide electricity

V. 4. Emissions - Government operations a. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Government operations b. Government electricity

VI. 5. Strategy a. Emissions reduction – Region-wide b. Emissions reduction - Government operations c. Energy d. Climate actions e. Climate action on short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs)

VII. 6. Risks and adaptation a. Assessment and planning b. Climate risks and adaptation actions c. Socio-economic risks

VIII. 7. Water a. Water supply risks

IX. Important information X. Appendices

XI. Table of Contents

CDP's States and Regions Platform 3

Welcome to CDP's States and Regions Platform

Welcome to CDP's States and Regions 2018 online questionnaire. We encourage all states and regions to answer as much of the questions as possible. Please answer the questions comprehensively while also assessing the relevance of the information you provide. You can use the progress bar above to track your progress through the questionnaire.

The questions relevant for the initiatives (i.e. Under2 Coalition and RegionsAdapt initiative) your region is participating in, are identified by the relevant logos in the section headers of the questionnaire.

If you have any questions or need help, please email [email protected].

CDP and The Climate Group are united in their firm belief on the vital role that state and regional governments play in driving climate action and delivering sustainable economies that avoid dangerous climate change and lead to a net-zero emissions world. We regard state and regional government climate data as fundamental to delivering the objectives of both organisations and adding to their core strengths. The vision of our partnership is to collaborate and better serve the needs of state and regional governments and support them in driving climate change action.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 4

1. Introduction

http://www.under2coalition.org http://www.nrg4sd.org/

General information

(1.1) Please provide the following details for your region.

COMMENTS:....

GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

Attica Region is located in the central part of the country. It covers an area of 3.808 km2 and 2.9% of the country's total area. Its headquarters are Athens, the capital of Greece. Attica is geographically divided into two major subdivisions, the "Capital Region" and the "rest of Attica".

The "Capital" includes Athens-Piraeus town-planning complex, accounting for 11.2% of the total area of Attica constitutes essentially the "corearea", having the characteristics of a metropolitan area. "Rest of Attica" covers 88.8% of the Region and includes essentially the peri-urban area of Athens Basin and a grid of smaller towns and settlements that are very closely linked to the "core area".

ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE

1.RU Central Athens

2.RU Northern Sector of Athens

3.RU Western Sector of Athens

4.RU Southern Sector of Athens

CDP's States and Regions Platform 5

5.RU East Attica

6.RU West Attica

7. RU Piraeus

8. RU Islands http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf, (page 9)

Region's profile

Government name: ATTICA REGION

Country: GREECE

Currency: EUR Euro

Leader title (e.g. Governor, Premier…): Governor

Leader name: EIRINH DOUROU

CDP's States and Regions Platform 6

(1.2) Please provide the details of your region's annual operating budget in the currency reported in question 1.1.

COMMENTS:

The Regional Council of Attica, by the No 84/2018 decision, approved its Budget for the financial year 2018. The final formulation of the Attica region's budget amounts to € 573,522,146.

Approval of the 1st Amendment of the Budget of Attica Region for Financial Year 2018, (last page): http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/attachments/article/26382/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%86.%208 4%20%CE%95%CE%93%CE%9A%CE%A1%CE%99%CE%A3%CE%97%201%CE%B7%CF%82%20%CE% A4%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%99%CE%97%CE%A3%CE%97%CE%A3 %20%CE%A0%CE%A1%CE%9F%CE%AB%CE%A0%CE%9F%CE%9B%CE%9F%CE%93%CE%99%CE%A 3%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A5%202018.pdf

Annual operating budget Budget year

Region's annual operating 573,522,146 2018 budget

CDP's States and Regions Platform 7

(1.3) Please provide the details of your region’s current, historical and projected population.

Region's population

Region's current Region's current Region's current Region's current Region's current population year population year population year population population year 2010 2030 2050

3,828,434 2011 4,002,871 3,528,938 3,164,814

COMMENTS:

HISTORICAL POPULATION RECORD AND FUTURE POPULATION PROJECTION

The Permanent population of the Attica Region at the 2011 census was 3.828.434 inhabitants, down by 1.7% compared to the 2001 census, following the general course at country level. Although it owns just 2.9% of the territory of Greece, the Attica Region accounts for 35.4% of the total permanent population of the country, confirming its Metropolitan character. *

* http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf, (page 11)

The future situation of population change in the Attica Region will be affected both by the internal migration of residents due to the economic situation and by the inflow and installation of part of the migrant population from other countries.

Eurostat "Population projections" **are what-if scenarios that aim to provide information about the likely future size and structure of the population. Eurostat's population projections is one of several possible population change scenarios based on specific assumptions for fertility, mortality and net migration. The method used for population projections is the "cohort- component" method. Population refers to 1st January population for the respective years. The current population projections use 1st January 2015 population as base population and are produced for 29 European countries.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 8

** Eurostat/Population projections : http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&plugin=1&language=en&pcode=tps0000 2

According to Eurostat "Population projections" is predicted that Greece will have a population of 9,944,658 in 2030 and 8,918,545 in 2050 and we will, by analogy, estimate (without a specific study) that Attica will have a population of 3,528,938 in 2030 and 3,164,814 in 2050

POPULATION ON 1 JANUARY IN THE TOTAL COUNTRY AND ATTIKA REGION 12.000.000

10.000.000

11.123.392

11.119.289

11.086.406 11.003.615

8.000.000 10.926.807

10.858.018

10.783.748

10.768.193

10.560.457 9.944.658

6.000.000 8.918.545

4.000.000

2.000.000

4.002.871

3.992.912

3.963.887

3.912.849

3.863.763

3.822.843

3.781.274

3.773.559

3.747.459

3.528.938 3.164.814

2014 2030 2046 2010 2012 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 2042 2044 2048 2050 TOTAL COUNTRY ATTIKA REGION

CDP's States and Regions Platform 9

(1.4) Please provide the details of your region’s current, historical and projected GDP in the currency reported in question 1.1.

Region's GDP

Region's current Region's current Region's GDP in Region's GDP in Region's GDP in GDP GDP year year 2010 year 2030 year 2050

84,374,000,000 2015 110,462,000,000 138,443,000,000 271,926,000,000

COMMENTS:

Attica Region is the most important pole for shaping the national development environment in terms of entrepreneurship, transport infrastructure, finance and commercial activities, productive structure, innovation and innovation investment technology contributes to a significant degree in the country's GDP almost half of total GDP (48% in 2010), has its highest productivity work in all sectors and 50% of the national technical infrastructure network.

Attica Region also has a central position in Greece, as it is on the main development axis of the country and is the strongest development pole of this axis.

FIVE-YEAR OPERATIONAL PROGRAM 2014-2019 STRATEGIC PLANNING, (page 11): http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

According to the estimates of the Department of Macroeconomic Policy of the Ministry of Finance (4/6/2018) for the evolution of Greece's GDP and the Attica region separately by 2050 both in current and fixed prices (2010), with the following observations:

-For years of Attica 2016-2019 GDP estimates, the share of total GDP (which declined in 2011- 2015) is gradually increasing until it reaches 48.37% in 2020 (the average of the 2005-2015 period), where he remains until 2050.

-GDP deflator in the economy as a whole and in the Attica region. From 2024 onwards, it reaches 2% in line with ESM's latest ESS (Compliance Report of the ESM Program's third review, January 2018)

-The real GDP total economy between 2040 and 2050 in agreement with ESM's last DSA (1.25% annual rate of change)

As can be seen from the observations, the working hypothesis chosen as more realistic is that the participation rate of the Attica region in the country's total GDP will gradually recover (2016-

CDP's States and Regions Platform 10

2020) to the pre-crisis levels (as it is reduced for the years 2010-2015 for which we have available from ELSTAT). From 2020 onwards we assume a constant rate of 48.37%, which is the average of the previous decade.

Perhaps an alternative hypothesis could be documented on how to develop regional development in the country and potentially examine either a gradual increase or a gradual reduction of this share.

Therefore, with the above data, listed in the table, the estimate of Attica Region GDP in EUR and in current prices are as follows:

2015: 84,374,000,000 EUR

2010: 110,462,000,000 EUR

2030: 138,443,000,000 EUR

2050: 271,926,000,000 EUR

CDP's States and Regions Platform 11

GDP in EUR million (current prices) 600.000

500.000 562.180 400.000

300.000

200.000

286.217 271.926

100.000 226.031

176.312

48,87% 47,86% 48,37% 48,37%

110.462 138.443 84.374 0 2010 2015 2030 2050 GDP of Total economy in EUR million (current prices) Attica Region's GDP in EUR million (current prices) percentage of participation of Attica Region in GDP denominations

GDP in EUR million (fixed prices) 350.000

300.000

250.000 316.846

200.000 239.703

150.000 226.031

100.000 185.046 153.258

50.000

115.944

110.462

88.554

48,87% 47,86% 48,37% 48,37% 0 2010 2015 2030 2050 GDP of Total economy in EUR million (fixed prices) Attica Region's GDP in EUR million (fixed prices) percentage of participation of Attica Region in GDP denominations

CDP's States and Regions Platform 12

(1.5) Please provide further details about the geography of your region. COMMENTS:

According to the data of the National Meteorological Service, the average annual temperature at the Hellenic Weather Station is estimated at 18,49 οC http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Attiki&poli=Athens_Helli nikon at the New Philadelphia Meteorological Station is estimated at 17,63 ° C

(http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Attiki&poli=Nea_Filadel fia) at the Meteorological Station of Tatoiou is estimated at 16,42 oC

(http://www.hnms.gr/emy/en/climatology/climatology_city?perifereia=Attiki&poli=Tatoi)

From the above we assume that the average annual temperature of Attica can be 17.51 οC and because it is closest to that of the New Philadelphia Meteorological Station, we attribute as corresponding geometric data those of the :

C. Length (Lon): 23.746

C. Width (Lat): 38.045

Height (Alt): 136m

- Land area: http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf, (page 9)

Region's geographical details

Average annual Land area (in Average altitude Longitude Latitude temperature (in square km) (m) (e.g. -120.9762) (e.g. 41.25) Celsius)

17.63 3,808 136 23.746 38.045

CDP's States and Regions Platform 13

CDP's States and Regions Platform 14

CDP's States and Regions Platform 15

CDP's States and Regions Platform 16

2. Governance

http://www.nrg4sd.org/

Regional planning

(2.1) Please describe the process by which your regional government reviews its progress and manages overall responsibility for climate change. COMMENTS:

In a direction of pressure and vigilance - from the point of view of the environment - from society to central and local government, we believe that our participation is very important to network Attica Region, to exchange of experiences and support International Climate Union in the implementation of new strategies, ways and methods for greater interventions in the field of environment and climate change.

Although much of the responsibility for climate change is not in the Attica region but in the central government, we believe that this participation will strengthen our actions.

The main priority of our region is the implementation of our integrated waste management strategy.

Along with the development of a "smart growth strategy", we are promoting, and exploring cooperation and good practices for our strategies for "adaptation to climate change", "energy" and "flood protection".

The actions of the Attica Region for Climate Change include actions related to the "forest fires", "floods", "extraordinary environment events", "the installation of LED lighting" on the road network, the promotion of "vehicle electrification" and "energy buildings".

CDP's States and Regions Platform 17

In the framework of the "Climate Group", we have already sent for the first time the 2017 Greenhouse Gas and Climate Action report through the CDP electronic platform. The whole process of drafting our report has highlighted the problems and gaps we are gradually asking for.

In the framework of the " The Climate Group" and in accordance with the guidelines of the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21), as approved by the Greek Parliament, we, as Attica Region, conclude the ambitions of the Under2 coalition as a group of ambitious governments around the world which is committed to combating climate change, along with our country's commitment to its participation in the European Union and for all these reasons:

- We publicly state our political commitment to deep relief from coal,

- We set greenhouse gas emission reduction targets under the Under2 Memorandum,

- We adopt a public strategy to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets through an appendix presenting the only set of current or future actions to achieve emission reduction targets, and

-We measure and publicize GHG emissions and climate action each year in the Climate Group via the online CDP platform. 2328 / 2400

CDP's States and Regions Platform 18

(2.2) Does your region incorporate desired GHG reductions into the master planning for the region? COMMENTS:

Attica Region promotes the operation of the Metropolitan Center for Environmental Measurements, which provides the opportunity to achieve:

-Enforcement of Attica Region's role as an environmental supervisory authority,

-Information, awareness and education of citizens on environmental issues,

- Imprinting the current state of Attica's environment,

-Systematic monitoring of the evolution of the environmental impact of polluting causes,

- Increased use of national and European resources,

-Accessibility of logistics infrastructure as well as operational capacity to create partnerships,

-To contribute to the development and adoption of innovative policy approaches, technologies, methods and tools to support the implementation of environmental action plans,

-Getting good practice models at national and international level.

http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 19

(2.2a) Please describe the ways that the master plan is designed to reduce GHG emissions.

Master plan design

Identifies key sectors and actions to reduce region-wide GHG emissions Description

The problem of air pollution in Greece has begun to emerge for the last forty years and is mainly associated with urbanization combined with the country's economic development. In many cases, because of unintentional construction, industrial activity extends very close to, or even within, the residential areas as they have been developed.

At the same time, the economic growth achieved is absolutely connected with the increase in energy consumption, which comes mainly from the burning of lignite and petroleum products.

Alongside, the consumption of energy from liquid fuels, which is related to transport, industry, as well as to the heating of homes, has also increased due to urban development and economic progress.

So in the transport sector the greatest weight was given to the increased participation of public transport and fixed-railway modes -based on daily choices of passengers in Attica, in electrification of automobiles, the use of alternative transportations and the development of bike paths, and to the development and improvement of urban traffic management services.

Accordingly, much attention has been given to action plans for energy saving and energy efficiency improvements, developing clean, green and of low carbon technologies, energy efficiency and savings in building sector, increase participation of energy produced by renewable sources, the enhancement of energy upgrades of houses by well design penetration programs “Saving Energy House by House”, reduce the ecological footprint of every project and action, improving energy efficiency, energy savings in the building sector, reduction of the urban heat island effect, energy saving in the industrial and agricultural sector, increase participation in solar power systems in all sectors, searching and finding new areas that can be installed small wind machines and infrastructure improvements by adopting hybrid fuels and biofuels including biomass and smart grids in production, transportation and distribution stages.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 20

Master plan design

Defines targets for GHG emissions reduction Description

The main objectives of our Region’s Plans are in a perpetual process of continuous improvement and annual reviews. Temporarily and up to the completion of a more long-term planning that our Region has undertake to prepare within the next short period of time (in a horizon preparation time of 1-1.5 years) the current desired emission reduction values of equivalent carbon dioxide, are set at an average 20%. Sector by sector targets have been set according to each specific demands, in order to achieve more specific, adaptive, suitable and by detail actions that must been taken. The Region expects to create a dynamic project which will be re-assessed and will be improved continually taking into account the recent conditions, the observed needs and the recent best technological developments and innovations

Master plan design

Provides guidance on the implementation of climate mitigation strategies Description

The main objectives to mitigate the climate phenomenon lies in adopting all those political strategies that would lead to direct, urgent and without delay halting and ultimately recovery of atmospheric status from the impact of all those emitted greenhouse gases in the past. In this direction is the replacement of conventional fossil fuels by renewables, the introduction of biofuels, the energy saving and minimising energy losses in buildings, the increasing of the participation of via public fixed railway transportation - lines and also giving incentives for the use of alternative actions such as the establishment of new bicycle paths and new anti-pollution technologies and develop low-carbon footprint products

CDP's States and Regions Platform 21

Master plan design

Outlines key stakeholders and collaborations required to reduce region-wide GHG emissions Description

The key stakeholders and partnerships needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across the region are, all municipalities (66) of the Region, the Ministry of Environment and Energy and licensing departments, Department of Environmental auditing, Decentralized Administration of Attica, and the Departments of Environment and Urban and Spatial Planning, of Forests and of Water Recourses, the regional sections of Department of Environment of Attica Region, the main Common Wealth Organizations as ADMIE (for electricity), EYDAP (for water and sewage), DESFA (for natural gas), OSE (for train transportations), the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Agriculture Development, the research institutions of the country relative to green house emissions and their reductions as National Observatory Of Athens

CDP's States and Regions Platform 22

(2.3) Do you work with cities/local governments in developing and/or meeting each other’s climate targets? Please explain how.

Working with local governments

Yes

Target type Explanation The main objectives for collaborations and cooperation with our cities and their local governments are based on a formulation demand to follow the existing legislative provisions. Emissions reduction Cooperation Agreements between parties form the framework of common target positions and actions to address critical issues but also for the finance of projects that our Region provides counseling support and guidance and especially economic aid almost from the first stages of framing the issues to the projects' submission and funding.

Attica Region participates and finances related projects of the municipalities for Energy efficiency target replacing traditional bulbs by efficient light bulbs of led

Renewable energy Attica Region participates and finances related projects target

CDP's States and Regions Platform 23

(2.4) Do you work with national governments in developing and/or meeting each other’s climate targets? Please explain how.

Working with national governments

Yes

Target type Explanation Attica Region is working with the national government in accordance with Emissions reduction national legislation and relevant European guidelines involved in the process of target drawing up regional plans for adaptation to climate change as well as in programmatic plans through relevant projects and programs

Attica Region is working with the national government in accordance with national legislation and relevant European guidelines involved in the process of Energy efficiency target drawing up regional plans for adaptation to climate change as well as in programmatic plans through relevant projects and programs

Attica Region is working with the national government in accordance with Renewable energy national legislation and relevant European guidelines involved in the process of target drawing up regional plans for adaptation to climate change as well as in programmatic plans through relevant projects and programs

CDP's States and Regions Platform 24

Regional opportunities

(2.5) Does addressing climate change provide any economic opportunities for your region? COMMENTS:

The Attica Region participates in European programs aimed at enhancing regional innovation capacity and strategic cooperation between state authorities and economic development actors.

Special emphasis is placed on innovation issues as a key lever for improving the competitiveness of the economy, which is a key prerequisite for overcoming the economic crisis, with key objectives:

-The establishment of a regional structure for supporting Research and Innovation (R&I).

-The focus of R&I, research and academic institutions on business needs and the opportunities emerging from the Regional Strategy of Smart Specialization.

-The creation of structures of excellence at regional level

- Strengthening the networking of businesses and research and academic institutions, focusing on the need to develop innovative solutions to the specific problems they face http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Yes

Do not know

CDP's States and Regions Platform 25

(2.5a) Please indicate the opportunities and describe how the region is positioning itself to take advantage of them.

Economic opportunity

Development of local/sustainable food businesses

Attica Region is trying to maximize the financial opportunities for "Developing Describe how the Local / Sustainable Food Businesses" through its "Five-Year Operational region is maximizing Program" and for example through crop restructuring and the introduction of this opportunity best available practices and techniques in agriculture and livestock http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Development of energy efficiency measures and technologies

Attica Region is trying to maximize the economic opportunities for the "Development of Energy Efficiency Measures and Technologies" through its "Five-Year Operational Program" with Priority Axis: "Promoting the Energy Efficiency of RES and Cogeneration & Promotion of Low Carbon Emissions in Urban Areas ", through the introduction of new technologies -Saving energy in buildings Describe how the - Energy saving in the industrial and agricultural sectors region is maximizing -The solar energy systems this opportunity -The small wind turbines and subsystems - Hybrid fuels and biofuels, including the exploitation of biomass -In Smart Networks - Smart Grids (applied to production, transportation, distribution)

http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Increase in clean technology businesses

Attica Region is trying to maximize the financial opportunities for " Increase in clean technology businesses "through its "Five-Year Operational Program" and Describe how the for example through the introduction of green clean technologies that will lead region is maximizing to an increase in turnover and will need to replace all existing old equipment in this opportunity almost all sectors.

http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

CDP's States and Regions Platform 26

Economic opportunity

Development of waste management / recycling businesses

Attica Region is trying to maximize the financial opportunities for " Development of waste management / recycling businesses " through its "Five- Year Operational Program" and for example by extending the concept of Describe how the circular economy and minimizing the carbon footprint will increase the region is maximizing sustained value of waste that adds value to them and creates new markets and this opportunity opportunities

http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Development of tourism industry

Describe how the The improvement of microclimate by reducing pollutants and thermal region is maximizing emissions and islets will improve the offered tourist product this opportunity

Development of sustainable transport sector

Describe how the Taking measures to boost public transport and metro through fixed railway region is maximizing lines and taking policies against the use of private vehicles this opportunity

Development of sustainable construction sector

Attica Region follows the recent Central Government legislations with the Describe how the imposed standards and directions for the energy performance of buildings by region is maximizing enforcing strict relevant inspections during their selling, hiring and generally this opportunity during everything owing alteration and also by establishing the role of Energy Inspector of every building

Increase opportunities for trading and investment

Attica Region through suitably targeted actions promotes both the production Describe how the and the selection and consumption of green products and apparatus of low region is maximizing energy footprint and zero pollutants emissions, but also a high degree of this opportunity participation on the circular economy as those of high energy performance

CDP's States and Regions Platform 27

Economic opportunity

Increase opportunities for partnerships

Attica Region through specialisation programmes chooses cooperation with institutions, private organisations, individuals and public agencies for the Describe how the transfer of high scientific knowledge and technology and adapting these to the region is maximizing particular local features this opportunity

http://www.patt.gov.gr/site/big_files/161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

Development of climate change resiliency projects

Attica Region and generally our country for several years now, having accepted Describe how the large waves of refugee flows has realized the need for a connected policy of region is maximizing countering the economic crisis by maintaining social cohesion and multi- this opportunity participatory but also environmental protection, aiming to create a durable and resilience framework of the existing but also of future functions

Development of carbon markets

The consumers of the Attica Region following the national imperatives for the Describe how the negative effects of coal emissions during electric production through large region is maximizing national lignite thermoelectric plans, undergo an additional tax for this opportunity consumptions of fossil fuels but also to another relevant tax in favour of introducing renewable energy plans and replacing the traditional ones

Development of resource conservation and management

Attica Region has launched programs to minimize the final discarded wastes at landfills, to maximise the recovered materials and spread out programmes of circular economy, energy savings, import green high-efficiency appliances and Describe how the of low energy footprint and pollutants, to get action for energy upgrade region is maximizing buildings, to replace light bulbs by led and more generally to saving energy in this opportunity buildings during heating and cooling and also reducing green house emissions, with greater participation of public transport and fixed-railway modes and by replacement of aged vehicles by new hybrid or electric ones

CDP's States and Regions Platform 28

Economic opportunity

Development of sustainable water management

Attica Region favour the establishment and operation of many new small sewage treatment plants where the highest degree of their processing and reuse capabilities will be increased to ensure irrigation water but reusing it by feed and enhance ground water deposits and by management plans for river Describe how the basin districts in Attica Region for the rational management of surface and region is maximizing ground water, but also ensuring their quality and quantitative characteristics. this opportunity Moreover the region organizes with major research institutions of the country monitoring programs of both their physicochemical and ecological status, expecting to their improvement and at the same time ensuring that these systems will be able to withstand the high risks and the negative expecting effects of upcoming climate change

Extended agricultural seasons

The alternative crop and the restructured agriculture to new economic and Describe how the energy efficient modes is one of the key priorities of Attica Region objectives region is maximizing while new alternative forms of cultivation are included in direct development this opportunity upgrading of the country

Additional funding opportunities

Attica Region in cooperation with scientific institutions and local governments Describe how the are in a continuous contact for maximum utilization of the available European region is maximizing and National resources by providing support and expertise knowledge while this opportunity continuously participates in international and national conferences and workshops for the available possible solutions

Improved efficiency of operations

The effective organization is one of Attica Region's bets knowing that the Describe how the optimization of available resources and human potential to the real region is maximizing achievement, ie the true performance is the only index that will lead more this opportunity quickly to the desired economic recovery of the country

CDP's States and Regions Platform 29

Economic opportunity

Increased energy security

Basic Guide of Attica Region will be up to 2050 to have been completely Describe how the independent by national lignite based energy network through the creation of region is maximizing smart grid development of installed renewable energy plants within Attica this opportunity Region and in high wind potential nearby regional Islands

Increased infrastructure investment

It is a real fact that the main Common Wealth Organizations service networks are widespread within the Attica Region. Our Region aims to ensure for the Describe how the largest portion of its area the largest possible percentage of access to natural region is maximizing gas, also to cover for all their areas a high quality drinking water and sanitary this opportunity sewage disposal conditions

CDP's States and Regions Platform 30

(2.6) List any emission reduction, adaptation, water related or resilience projects that you have planned within your region for which you hope to attract financing, and provide details on the estimated costs and status of the project. If your region does not have any relevant projects, please select “No relevant projects” under Project Area.

Project area Other (flood protection projects)

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 179 independent projects and studies with a total budget of 588,737,984€ for flood protection by  river arrangement-delimitation,  creation of buffer tanks,  the restraint-reforestation of mountainous volumes,  construction of basic drainage ducts and rainwater manholes,  river slopes, Project description  the construction of a diversion duct.

The 160 of the 179 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 517,640,626.18€ of which are contracted for 122,321,614€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 27,17% of the total budget of projects and studies of 1,905,403,913€ of which are contracted for 327,623,580€).

The 19 of the 179 projects in the Region of Attica are funded by the EU, with a total budget of 71.097.358€ Total cost of project in the currency reported 588,737,984.26 in question 1.1 Total investment cost needed in the currency (122.321.614+71.097.358=)193.418.972 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 31

Project area Other (public spaces)

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 46 independent projects and studies on public spaces with  their bioclimatic regeneration,  park upgrading and redevelopment,  mountain elevation,  landslide management,  coastal regeneration,  pedestrian construction, Project description  energy and environmental upgrading of squares,  improvement of playgrounds

The 46 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 170,870,709€, of which are contracted for 1,421,465€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 8,97% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580) Total cost of project in the currency reported 170,870,709 in question 1.1

Total investment cost needed in the currency 1,421,465 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 32

Project area Buildings

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 85 independent projects and studies on Energy Upgrading and Reconstruction of  Municipal Swimming Pools,  Municipal Gymnasiums,  Municipal Spaces and Buildings and Project description  Municipal Sporting Areas in general.

The 85 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 130,939,362€, of which are contracted for 28.488.267€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 6,88% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 130,939,362 in question 1.1 Total investment cost needed in the currency 28.488.267 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 33

Project area Water management

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 36 independent projects and studies in the management of water resources by  enriching the aquifer,  constructing-replacement-completion-repair of water supply networks,  replacement of amianthus-cement water pipes,  construction of under-water pipelines, Project description  construction and operation of units desalination,  the construction of an irrigation pipeline.

The 36 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 56,276,860€, of which are contracted for 25,951,572€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 2,95% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 56,276,860 in question 1.1 Total investment cost needed in the currency 25,951,572 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 34

Project area Other (sewage management)

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 34 independent projects and studies in the management of liquid waste with  the construction of sewage treatment plants,  the creation, completion and repair of sewerage networks. Project description The 34 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 38,466,606€, of which are contracted for 8,869,723€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 2.02% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 38,466,606 in question 1.1 Total investment cost needed in the currency 8,869,723 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 35

Project area Transport

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 6 independent projects and studies in the "transport" with the creation of bicycle paths and the application of electrification of vehicles.

Project description The 6 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 37,610,000€, (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 1,97% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 37,610,000 in question 1.1 Total investment cost needed in the currency reported in question 0 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 36

Project area Outdoor lighting

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 19 independent projects and studies of external lighting.

The 19 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 18,018,624€, of which are contracted for 1,727,533€ (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 0,95% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). These are a series of 19 independent projects and studies of external lighting.

For example, there has been a Pilot installation of LED lighting luminaires on Poseidonos Avenue, within the administrative boundaries of the Municipality of Palaio Faliro, in order to record in practice the conditions of lighting and energy saving. The aim of the initiative is to explore the process for a wider Project description project to replace old Sodium Lighting Bodies with new LED-type luminaires in the electricity grids of the Attica District. At the same time, a project has been launched for the extension and completion of the lighting network with "LED 110-150W" luminaires within the administrative boundaries of the Attica Region with a total length of approximately 17 km. While under auction, the supply and installation of LED lighting fixtures of new LED technology, replacing existing lighting fixtures, on the main road axes of administrative jurisdiction of the Attica Region, with a total length of approximately 72 km. The benefits of these projects will be: • improving the level of comfort of road users by providing better lighting, • maximizing the reliability of luminaires and lower maintenance costs, • ease of fault diagnosis and real-time reporting of faults via remote management system, • significant savings in electricity consumption due to reduced power LEDs, • at the same time, with the possibility of adaptive lighting, further energy savings will be achieved. Total cost of project in the currency reported 18,018,624 in question 1.1

CDP's States and Regions Platform 37

Total investment cost needed in the currency 1,727,533 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 38

Project area Waste management

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 12 independent projects and studies on the  management of municipal solid waste  with the construction of a green point,  the management of municipal solid waste,  the creation of areas for the installation of underground waste collection systems, Project description  the construction of a Sanitary Landfill site,

 the restoration of Uncontrolled Waste Disposal Areas.

The 12 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 13,084,284€, of which are contracted for 6,782,534 (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 0,69% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 13,084,284 in question 1.1

Total investment cost needed in the currency 6,782,534 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 39

Project area Other (measurements/ pollutants /studies)

Status of project Implementation

Status of financing Project fully funded

These are a series of 8 independent projects and studies of general environmental interest.

Project description The 8 projects in Attica Region have a total budget of 2,492,422€, (out of a total of 997 projects and studies accounting for 0.13% of the total budget of projects and studies n ie € 1.905.403.913 of which are contracted for € 327.623.580). Total cost of project in the currency reported 2,492,422 in question 1.1

Total investment cost needed in the currency 0 reported in question 1.1 (if relevant)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 40

3. Emissions - Region-wide

http://www.under2coalition.org

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Region-wide

(3.1) Does your region have a region-wide emissions inventory to report?

Comment:

The Ministry of Environment and Energy, MEEN, is the governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of environmental policy in Greece, as well as for the provision of information concerning the state of the environment in Greece in compliance with relevant requirements defined in international conventions, protocols and agreements. Moreover the MEEN is responsible for the co-ordination of all involved ministries, as well as any relevant public or private organization, in relation to the implementation of the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. In addition, Attica Region by its participation in the "The Climate Group" has decided to make a systematic inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in its territory. For this reason, he cooperated with both the Ministry of Environment and Energy and the "HELLENIC STATISTICAL AUTHORITY" and succeeded in making the final allocation of the related greenhouse gases.

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 41

(3.2) Please provide the dates of the accounting year or 12-month period for your region’s latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory. Comment:

The preparation of the Greek GHG emissions inventory is based on the application of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Parties require each Party, by 15 April each year, to provide its annual GHG inventory.

The Ministry of Environment and Energy, is the governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of environmental policy in Greece, as well as for the provision of information concerning the state of the environment in Greece.

Attica Region and in the framework of its participation in the "Climate Group" has decided to make a systematic inventory of the emissions of greenhouse gases, related to its territory so in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment and Energy, as well as with "HELLENIC STATISTICAL AUTHORITY" by making the full allocation of the greenhouse gas emissions related to it, for a period of one year before the official country reference period.

Emissions inventory dates

From: 01/01/2015

To: 12/31/2015

CDP's States and Regions Platform 42

(3.3) Please select the category that best describes the boundary of your latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory.

Geopolitical Boundary—physical areas over which your government has jurisdictional control

Other

CDP's States and Regions Platform 43

(3.4) Please select the name of the primary protocol, standard, or methodology you have used to calculate GHG emissions and explain how it has been used as well as any additional protocols and processes for data collection.

Protocol used to calculate region-wide emissions

Primary 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories protocol:

The quality of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories relies on the integrity of the methodologies used, the completeness of reporting, and the procedures for compilation of data. To this end, the Conference of the Parties (COP) has developed standardized requirements for reporting national inventories. The UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Parties require each Party to provide its annual GHG inventory covering emissions and removals of direct GHGs:  carbon dioxide (CO2),  methane (CH4),  nitrous oxide (N2O), Explanation:  perfluorocarbons (PFCs),  hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),  sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and  nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)) from five sectors  energy,  industrial processes and product use,  agriculture,  land use,  land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and  waste

CDP's States and Regions Platform 44

(3.5) Please select which gases are included in your latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory. Select all that apply. Comment:

The “UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Parties require each Party to provide its annual GHG inventory covering emissions and removals of direct GHGs:

 carbon dioxide (CO2),  methane (CH4),  nitrous oxide (N2O),  perfluorocarbons (PFCs),  hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),  sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and  nitrogen trifluoride (NF3))

from five sectors

 energy,  industrial processes and product use,  agriculture,  land use,  land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and  waste.

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

NF3

CDP's States and Regions Platform 45

(3.6) Please provide the details of your latest inventory’s total region-wide GHG emissions.

Emissions of latest inventory Emission types (metric tonnes CO2e) Level of confidence

Total gross emissions (excludes 24,787,701 High sinks)

Comments

The need for inter-region distribution of GHG emissions comes from Paris agreement, according to which the estimations of emissions should be made not only on the basis of the pollutant quantity as emitted but of all climatic factors in a regional level.

Emissions of pollutants will be estimated and calculated separately by their location and the feature of relative human actions that comes from, and will be distributed regionally accordingly.

The distribution of pollutants will result by inter-regional indicators which will be the keys to identifying the specific emissions of every region. These inter-regional indicators will vary according to the characteristics of each region and the productive sector from which they arise.

According to the above, in order to determine the inter-regional distribution of CO2 emissions, it is noted that this comes mainly by the combustion of fossil fuels a) for the production of energy through thermoelectric power stations, b) central heating and public cars and c) manufacturing sector. Thus, the corresponding indicators will be based on a) the installed capacity of the thermal power generating units used in each region, b) the number of households per region and c) the added value of manufacturing.

For the inter-regional distribution of CH4 emissions, it is noted that this comes by a) livestock farming which takes into account the number of livestock and b) by the characteristics of water supply and related wastewater management, with a contribution rate this of 25% of CO2.

The distribution of N2O emissions that is the third largest in global warming, is about 298 times stronger than CO2. It comes mainly from the use of fertilizers in agriculture and its relative index is derived from the calculated added value of the product that is produced.

Finally, SF6 is the fifth major global warming pollutant and is 23,500 times stronger than CO2 with the relevant interregional index being formed on the basis of the number and capacity of the substations of transformation of the electricity transmission network per region

CDP's States and Regions Platform 46

Emissions of latest inventory Emission types Level of confidence (metric tonnes CO2e)

Total net emissions (includes 24,787,701 High sinks)

Comments

Emissions of pollutants will be estimated and calculated separately by their location and the feature of relative human actions that comes from, and will be distributed regionally accordingly.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 47

(3.7) Do you track the changes in your region-wide emissions inventory against your base year emissions? Comment:

The Ministry of Environment and Energy, MEEN, is the central Greek governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of environmental policy in Greece, as well as for the provision of information concerning the state of the environment in all country in compliance with relevant requirements defined in international conventions, protocols and agreements.

Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs.

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 48

(3.7a) Please complete the table below. Percentage change Total emissions of Does your base in the emissions base year year emissions Base year reported in latest inventory (metric inventory account inventory from tonnes CO2e) for sinks? base year

Base year emissions 2008 32,942,345 No 24.75 inventory

CDP's States and Regions Platform 49

(3.8) Please indicate if your region-wide emissions have increased, decreased, or stayed the same since your last emissions inventory, and please describe why.

Change in emissions Reason for change Explanation

In general, the observed reductions in pollutants Decreased Financial conditions emitted are mainly related to the economic situation

CDP's States and Regions Platform 50

(3.9) Do you measure your region-wide GHG emissions by scope?

Comment:

Measurements are made for Scope 1 but for Scope 2 and 3 data are not available

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 51

(3.9a) Please provide the breakdown of your GHG emissions by scope.

Metric tonnes Level of Scope Comments CO2e confidence

Scope 1 emissions excluding emissions from grid-supplied energy generation 24,786,978 High

Scope 1 emissions from grid-supplied energy generation within the region’s 723 High boundary

Total Scope 1 emissions (Row 1 + Row 2) 24,787,701 High

Not available Total Scope 2 emissions 0 Low data

Total (Scope 1 + Scope 2) emissions 24,787,701 Low

Not available Total Scope 3 emissions 0 Low data

CDP's States and Regions Platform 52

(3.10) Please attach your latest region-wide inventory in the table below. Comment

Following the Paris agreement, it is now imperative to develop the appropriate methodological processes through which emission estimates should be made not only of gas pollutants but of all climate factors at regional level. Taking into account the undefined course of the pollutants after their emission, the general methodological framework of their emission determination is based on the location and operation of the gas pollutants production units. The first step in identifying gaseous emissions was the compilation of interregional indicators, which served as the key to allocating the specified average to the Annual Report, of total emissions of gas to the regions. The level of administrative division of the country into regions which has been the reference framework for the compilation of indicators is the 13 regions of the country, as they are also referred to as NUTS-II. Each interregional indicator has been compiled for each key sector of the economy as they refer to the relevant statistical classifications. The statistical data on the basis of which the interregional indicators have been compiled contains the basic data expressing the interregional capacity of the individual sector of the economy, which contributes to the maximum of the emission of each gas.

Document title Attachment Level of confidence

1. 2017_NIR Greece_UNFCCC.pdf

2. Attica Regions distribution of greenhouse gas Attached Files High emissions.pdf

Comment on level of confidence

Interregional indicators are statistical tools through which you describe and visualize the spatial potential of a sector of the economy. Based on these indicators, the national (total) sizes in the regions (Top-Down Methods) are usually distributed. This method is widely used in the National Accounts for the Allocation of National Figures in the Regions for the Preparation of Regional Accounts.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 53

Attached Files

2017_NIR Greece_UNFCCC.pdf

ANNUAL INVENTORY SUBMISSION OF GREECE UNDER THE CONVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL FOR GREENHOUSE AND OTHER GASES FOR THE YEARS 1990-2015: http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Ejz%2f1MO%2fg3U%3d&tabid=470&language=el- GR

CDP's States and Regions Platform 54

Attica Regions distribution of greenhouse gas emissions.pdf

Hellenic Statistical Authority1

INTERREGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF GAS EMISSIONS

Import

Following the Paris agreement, it is now imperative to develop the appropriate methodological processes through which emission estimates should be made not only of gas pollutants but of all climate factors at regional level. Taking into account the undefined course of the pollutants after their emission, the general methodological framework of their emission determination is based on the location and operation of the gas pollutants production units. The first step in identifying gaseous emissions was the compilation of interregional2 indicators, which served as the key to allocating the specified average to the Annual Report3, of total emissions of gas to the regions. The level of administrative division of the country into regions which has been the reference framework for the compilation of indicators is the 13 regions of the country, as they are also referred to as NUTS-II. Each interregional indicator has been compiled for each key sector of the economy as they refer to the relevant statistical classifications. The statistical data on the basis of which the interregional indicators have been compiled contains the basic data expressing the interregional capacity of the individual sector of the economy, which contributes to the maximum of the emission of each gas. Schematic illustration of the use of interregional indicators

1 Hellenic Statistical Authority http://www.statistics.gr/en/home/

2 Interregional indicators are statistical tools through which you describe and visualize the spatial potential of a sector of the economy. Based on these indicators, the national (total) sizes in the regions (Top-Down Methods) are usually distributed. This method is widely used in the National Accounts for the Allocation of National Figures in the Regions for the Preparation of Regional Accounts.

3 The Annual Report with full title "ANNUAL INVENTORY SUBMISSION OF GREECE UNTER THE CONVENTION AND KYOTO PROTOCOL FOR GREENHOUSE AND OTHER GASES FOR YEARS 1990-2014" is compiled by the National Technical University of Athens - Department of Chemical Engineering on behalf of RIS. The data of this report is the basis for the preparation of the NAMEA-GHG pollutants.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 55

The use of the interregional index as a tool for the distribution of the aggregates in the individual sizes. The example of methane CH4.

Emissions of Livestock methane CH4 from Livestock from the Annual Report

Interregional livestock index TOTAL (NATIONAL) SIZE

NUTS-II 1 C H4 NUTS-II 1 EXPLANATIONS

NUTS-II 2 CH4 NUTS-II 2 It is obvious that the critical size on the basis of …………. …………. which the proportional distribution is made is the ………….. ………….. size of the inter-regional index. ………….. …………..

NUTS-II 13 C H4 NUTS-II 13

Particularly. The interregional indicators used for the distribution of each gas are as follows:

A) Distribution of CO2 Dioxide (CO2) has as its main anthropogenic cause the use of carbon-containing fuels for the production of all kinds of energy. Based on the data from the Annual Report on GHG emissions to the UN, prepared by the Department of Chemical Engineering, the emissions data is as follows: 1) The first place in CO2 emissions is the sector of electricity production using coal fuels. (Percentage for the period 2008-2010 ranges from 48.87% to 53.62%). For the distribution of CO2 from the production of Electricity, the index based on the installed capacity of the thermal power generating units was used in each region4.

4 The data on installed capacity for electricity generation per region was from the work I made last July for the Thessaloniki exhibition.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 56

2) The household sector was second in CO2 emissions. These emissions come mainly from central heating and the use of private cars by households. For the regional distribution of CO2 emissions from Households, a corresponding indicator was used which was a key element in the number of households per region. 3) The manufacturing sector held the third place position in percentage% ratio. The period 2008- 2014 ranged from 14.49% to 16.77%. The regional breakdown of CO2 emissions from the manufacturing industries used a corresponding index based on the added value of manufacturing in each region. Corresponding interregional indicators were also used for CO2 emissions from other sectors of the economy.

B) Interregional Distribution of Methane CH4 Most of the CH4 emissions are from the agriculture sector, mainly from Livestock and from the sewerage sector where the waste management sub-sector also belongs. CH4 is the second ranking in terms of dynamic impact on temperature rise. Its impact, expressed in CO2 equivalent, is 25% of CO2.

B.1) For the regional distribution of CH4 emissions from the Agriculture sector (Livestock), a corresponding interregional indicator was used, the number of animals and animal species per region being the basic parameter.

B.2) For the regional distribution of CH4 emissions from the Water Supply and Sewerage sector where it belongs and the waste management sub-sector, an index for determining the waste generated per region was used. CH4 emissions of other sectors of the economy that are small have been used to identify similar indicators. (ELSTAT Data Source)

C) Interregional distribution of Nitrogen Oxide (N2O) Nitrogen Oxide (N2O) is the third largest in terms of global warming potential, expressed in CO2 equivalent. Climate change impacts are about 298 times more potent than CO2. The main sources of nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions are the agriculture sector from the use of nitrate fertilizers in the Manufacturing sector as well as the trade and services sectors. For the interregional distribution of N2O emissions in the agricultural sector, Georgia's added value index was used. Similar indicators were used for the distribution of N2O in other sectors of the economy. (Source of Dedicated Accounts)

D) Interregional distribution of SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is ranked fifth in terms of global warming potential expressed in CO2 equivalent. Its impact on climate change is on average some 23,500 times stronger than CO2, . The main source of SF6 emissions is the Electricity Transmission Processes. SF6 as a gas is used in power conversion substations from high and medium voltage to low.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 57

1) For the regional distribution of SF6 emissions, a corresponding inter-regional indicator was used, which as the basic parameter of training the number and capacity of the substations of transformation of the electricity transmission network per region. (Source of IDUs)

Note: With regard to the emissions of HFCs and PFCs whose main sources of emissions are aluminum production, there is insufficient data to ensure a reliable allocation of emissions at regional level.

Epilogue The above-mentioned work on the interregional estimation of gaseous emissions is a first step in this direction. As it was mentioned in the preface, after the Paris agreement, the assessment of not only air pollutants but of all pollutants at regional level is now a necessity. In the case of our country it is possible to combine RIS data, the observations of the NTUA and interregional indicators will make much better estimates of emissions of gaseous pollutants at regional level.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 58

CDP's States and Regions Platform 59

CDP's States and Regions Platform 60

CDP's States and Regions Platform 61

CDP's States and Regions Platform 62

CDP's States and Regions Platform 63

CDP's States and Regions Platform 64

CDP's States and Regions Platform 65

CDP's States and Regions Platform 66

CDP's States and Regions Platform 67

CDP's States and Regions Platform 68

CDP's States and Regions Platform 69

CDP's States and Regions Platform 70

CDP's States and Regions Platform 71

CDP's States and Regions Platform 72

CDP's States and Regions Platform 73

CDP's States and Regions Platform 74

CDP's States and Regions Platform 75

CDP's States and Regions Platform 76

CDP's States and Regions Platform 77

CDP's States and Regions Platform 78

CDP's States and Regions Platform 79

CDP's States and Regions Platform 80

CDP's States and Regions Platform 81

(3.11b) Where it will facilitate a greater understanding of your region-wide emissions, please provide a breakdown of these emissions by the 2006 IPCC sector in the table below.

Emissions (metric tonnes 2006 IPCC sector Scope CO2e)

Agriculture, forestry and Scope 1 410,819 other land use This field takes into account the regional emissions for agriculture, forestry and fishing sectors, which include the following pollutants: CO2, N2O and CH4 as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region Other Scope 1 2,945,569 (TRANSPORT)

This field takes into account the regional emissions for region transportations, which consist entirely by CO2 as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region

Industrial processes and Scope 1 9,714,183 product use This field takes into account the regional emissions for industrial sector, which include the following pollutants: CO2, N2O and CH4 as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region Other (WATER DRAINAGE & WASTE Scope 1 1,675,958 MANAGEMENT) This field takes into account the regional emissions for region water drainage & waste management systems, which consist entirely by the CH4 pollutant, as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region Other (SERVICES-HOUSEHOLD- Scope 1 10,040,449 HFCs AND OTHER) This field takes into account the regional emissions for services - household-HFCs and other similar sectors, which include the following pollutants: CO2, N2O, CH4 and HFCs as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region

Energy Scope 1 723

This field takes into account the regional emissions for region energy production and transmission systems, which consist entirely by the SF6 pollutant, as derived by the analyzes of the National Statistical Service for Attica Region

Other (Total) Total figure 24,787,701

not available data for Scope 2 and Scope 3

CDP's States and Regions Platform 82

(3.13) Please provide the details of your region's historical and projected region- wide total emissions.

Considering the reductions that have been made over the last decade and extending to the future, we consider it possible to reduce the pollutant emissions by 30% by year 2030 compared to base year 2008 and a corresponding 30% reduction by year 2050 compared to year 2030.

Region-wide emissions

Region’s total emissions Region’s total emissions Region’s total emissions in year 2010 in year 2030 in year 2050

29,572,705 23,000,000 16,000,000

CDP's States and Regions Platform 83

External verification – Region-wide

(3.15) Has the GHG emissions data you have reported here been externally verified either in part or in whole?

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 84

(3.15b) Please describe why not and your future plans to verify your emissions, if any.

Reason for not having external verification

Reason Comments

Verification is on national level only It’s a national issue

CDP's States and Regions Platform 85

Region-wide electricity

(3.16) Please detail your region-wide electricity consumption, production and imports, and the GHG emissions associated with these activities. Associated GHG Reporting year of data Amount of electricity Units emissions (metric tonnes used of CO2e)

Electricity consumed

0 MWh 0 1990

As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on energy strategy so we cannot provide details about the energy

Electricity produced

0 MWh 0 1990

As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on energy strategy so we cannot provide details about the energy

Electricity imported

0 MWh 0 1990

As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on energy strategy so we cannot provide details about the energy

CDP's States and Regions Platform 86

(3.17) Please detail the energy mix of your region-wide electricity generation (%).

Energy source %

Coal (range: 0 - 100) 50

Gas (range: 0 - 100) 30

Oil (range: 0 - 100) 10

Nuclear (range: 0 - 100) 0

Biomass (range: 0 - 100) 0

Geothermal (range: 0 - 100) 0

Hydro (range: 0 - 100) 3

Solar (range: 0 - 100) 4

Wind (range: 0 - 100) 3 Other sources (please specify in the comments) (range: 0 0 - 100) Total 100 The appearing values are indicative as comes by national ones for 2015: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index.php?title=File:Share_of_renewables_in_gross_inland_energy_consumption,_2015_(%25) _YB17.png suitably adapted to our region features. Attica region, intend to extract a study on region energy strategy in near future, so we cannot provide details about the energy features of our region at this time.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 87

4. Emissions - Government operations

http://www.under2coalition.org

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Government operations

(4.1) Do you have an emissions inventory for your government operations to report?

As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on Government operations so we cannot provide details about that

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 88

(4.9) Please explain your reasoning and your plans to report on your government’s emissions inventory in the future, if any.

Reason for not reporting your government operations' emissions inventory

Reason Explanation As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on Intending to undertake in the future Government operations so we cannot provide details about that

CDP's States and Regions Platform 89

Government electricity

(4.11) Please detail your government’s total electricity consumption and its associated GHG emissions. Associated GHG Reporting year of data Amount of electricity Units emissions (metric tonnes used of CO2e)

Total electricity consumed

0 MWh 0 1990

As Attica region, we intend to produce a study on energy strategy so we cannot provide details about the energy

CDP's States and Regions Platform 90

(4.12) Please detail the energy mix of your government’s electricity consumption (%).

Energy source

Coal (range: 0 - 100) 50

Gas (range: 0 - 100) 30

Oil (range: 0 - 100) 10

Nuclear (range: 0 - 100) 0

Biomass 0

Geothermal (range: 0 - 100) 0

Hydro (range: 0 - 100) 3

Solar (range: 0 - 100) 4

Wind (range: 0 - 100) 3 Other sources (please specify in the comments) 0 (range: 0 - 100)

Total (range: 0 - 100) 100

The appearing values are indicative as comes by national ones for 2015: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics- explained/index.php?title=File:Share_of_renewables_in_gross_inland_energy_consumption,_2015_(%25) _YB17.png suitably adapted to our region features. Attica region, intend to extract a study on region energy strategy in near future, so we cannot provide details about the energy features of our region at this time.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 91

5. Strategy

http://www.under2coalition.org

Emissions reduction – Region-wide

(5.1) Does your region have a climate change action plan for reducing region-wide GHG emissions?

For Solid Waste section we follow the Regional Solid Waste Management Plan

CDP's States and Regions Platform 92

Yes

In progress

CDP's States and Regions Platform 93

(5.2) Do you have a GHG emissions reduction target in place at the region-wide level? Select all that apply.

Base year emissions target

Base year intensity target

Baseline scenario (business as usual) target

Fixed level target

No target

CDP's States and Regions Platform 94

(5.2a) Please provide the details of your region-wide base year emissions reduction target(s). You may add rows to provide the details of your sector-specific targets by selecting the relevant sector in the sector field.

Sector: Total region-wide emissions

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 32,942,345 20 2020 100

Sector: Industry

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 13,738,930 20 2020 100

Has a decarbonisation pathway (s) been modelled for your target?  Informal Comments: Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs and economic facilities. We try to find the appropriate portion contribution of each factor in order to achieve the best results for Attica region conditions. For Energy, Industry and Mining our decorbonisation pathway will be based on the to the extent of renewable energy and natural gas penetration in the production process, to a best energy consumption estimation, to replacement of heavy fossil fuels from production processes and to the portion of packaging reduction that will be achieved

CDP's States and Regions Platform 95

Sector: Transport

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 3,695,794 20 2020 100

Has a decarbonisation pathway (s) been modelled for your target?  Informal Comments: Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs and economic facilities. We try to find the appropriate portion contribution of each factor in order to achieve the best results for Attica region conditions. For transportation our decorbonisation pathway will be based on the development and adoption of public transportation in whole Attica region through buses, metro, subway, suburban railway

Sector: Agriculture

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 562,192 20 2020 100

Has a decarbonisation pathway (s) been modelled for your target?  Informal Comments: Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs and economic facilities. We try to find the appropriate portion contribution of each factor in order to achieve the best results for Attica region conditions. For Agriculture, Forests, Fishing section we will design a pathway that will be based on the percentage of introduction of general accepted best practices, on the achievement of low GHG emissions and wastes, with energy efficiencies practices, low water consumptions and with the level of appropriate training of the producers

CDP's States and Regions Platform 96

Sector: Waste

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 1,791,950 5 2020 100

For Solid Waste section we follow the "Regional Solid Waste Management Plan"

Sector: Energ

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 1,026 20 2020 100

Has a decarbonisation pathway (s) been modelled for your target?  Informal

Comments: Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs and economic facilities. We try to find the appropriate portion contribution of each factor in order to achieve the best results for Attica region conditions. For Energy, Industry and Mining our decorbonisation pathway will be based on the to the extent of renewable energy and natural gas penetration in the production process, to a best energy consumption estimation, to replacement of heavy fossil fuels from production processes and to the portion of packaging reduction that will be achieved

CDP's States and Regions Platform 97

Sector: Other (Services and Rest of Activities-House)

Target Base year Percentage Base start emissions(metric reduction Target year Percentage of target achieve year year tonnes CO2) target

2017 2008 13,152,452 20 2020 100

Has a decarbonisation pathway (s) been modeled for your target?

Comments: Attica’s decarbonisation pathway, will being designed so as to correlate the spreading of new green technologies with low GHG emissions and wastes and the best practices applications in both agricultural and industrial sectors, the penetration degree of mass transit in every day transportation, the introduction of renewable energies and natural gas, the encourage of citizens for their acceptance, as well as energy saving programs and economic facilities. We try to find the appropriate portion contribution of each factor in order to achieve the best results for Attica region conditions. For services and house holding our decorbonisation pathways will be based on the percentage of energy efficient improvements during thermal and cooling of building and houses, to the level of solar systems introduction, to that of natural gas and the replacement of lamps by more energy efficiently ones

CDP's States and Regions Platform 98

Emissions reduction - Government operations

(5.3) Do you have a GHG emissions reduction target in place for your government operations?

Comment

Region of Attica has secured funding its Regional Plan for the Adaption to Climate Change (by the Regional Operational Programme "ATTICA 2014-2020) and at the present time the procurement preparations are in progress.

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 99

(5.5) Please explain why you do not have a government operations emissions reduction target.

Reason for not having an emissions reduction target for your government operations

Reason Explanation

In the context of the forthcoming planning for adaptation to climate Lack of available data change hope into the definition and organization methodologies for the determination and the specific emissions

CDP's States and Regions Platform 100

Energy

(5.6) Does your region have an energy efficiency target in place at the region-wide level and/or your government operations?

Comment Region of Attica has secured funding its Regional Plan for the Adaption to Climate Change (by the Regional Operational Programme "ATTICA 2014-2020) and at the present time the procurement preparations are in progress. In the context of the forthcoming planning for adaptation to climate change hope into the definition and organization methodologies for the determination and the specific emissions in Energy.

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 101

(5.6b) Please explain why you do not have an energy efficiency target.

Reason for not having an energy efficiency target

Reason Explanation Several reasons have forced the region not to have specific strategic aims in a region level in order to achieve a satisfactory region energy efficiency. The main reason is the fact that the directions stems mainly by national and European community legislation which followed by our region. However, the region is trying to impose energy efficiency Target is set at national level environmental demands on schedule projects and every day activities by audits and licensing’s procedures. Lack of adequate funding is a point that make difficult this achievement, because companies become unable to full rejuvenate and can’t introduce new energy-efficient, green and productive technologies.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 102

(5.7) Does your region have a renewable energy or electricity target in place at the region-wide level and/or your government operations?

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 103

(5.7b) Please explain why you do not have a renewable energy or electricity target.

Reason for not having a renewable energy or electricity target

Reason Explanation

The region does not have its own renewable energy target, as it follows national requirements as a result of matching the corresponding European ones. Nevertheless, Attica region has shown a very Target is set at national level satisfactory renewable penetration over the last few years, mainly due to incentives funding to public investors, by market opening and by the availability of new energy providers, private energy producers, and by subvention of renewable energy production

CDP's States and Regions Platform 104

Climate actions

(5.8) Please select the sectors that are relevant for your region’s climate actions. Select all that apply.

The “UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual inventories for Parties require each Party to provide its annual GHG inventory covering emissions and removals of direct GHGs:

 carbon dioxide (CO2),  methane (CH4),  nitrous oxide (N2O),  perfluorocarbons (PFCs),  hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),  sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and  nitrogen trifluoride (NF3))

From five sectors

 energy,  industrial processes and product use,  agriculture,  land use,  land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and  waste.

Agriculture

Buildings & Lighting

Energy

Finance & Economy

Governance

Industry

Land use

Transport

Waste

Water

CDP's States and Regions Platform 105

(5.8a) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Agriculture sector.

Promote sustainable farming practices (e.g. low-till, waste reduction, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Although the region does not have its own autonomous legislative system, could impose indirectly in every project and activity management bodies, appropriate terms which must be

followed by them so as to ensure to a greater or lesser grade Yes Limited the achievement of sustainable goals such as the application of implementation the appropriate best available techniques and practices in agriculture in order to adapt to consequences but also to mitigate its evolution

Improve institutional capacity of farmer and rural organizations (e.g. educating farmers of innovative and cost-effective measures, providing financial support, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? At last years, major funding programs aim to improve the Comprehensive cultivating and generally agricultural practices in the context of Yes implementation a more competitive but also sustainable agricultural development

CDP's States and Regions Platform 106

(5.8b) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Buildings & Lighting sector.

Improve heating and cooling efficiency (e.g. audits, insulation, HVAC maintenance, white roofs, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The requirements and specifications of Attica region buildings follow those of the rest of the country with the corresponding characteristics as the relevant national legislation provides. For the new but also for the existing constructions of the region, the national standards of the Building Energy Efficiency Yes Limited Regulation (KENAK) are followed, and through a well-described implementation time-consuming process of energy inspections of the older buildings it is estimated that gradually a large percentage of buildings will be recorded and got an identity file to determine its energy suitability and energy efficiency so as to estimate better its needs for energy improvement and upgrading

Increase awareness/engage public on energy efficiency/clean energy programs

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Our region is actively participate in many energy-saving Limited campaigns but a great deal of effort including their training is Yes implementation still needed to fully understand by the citizens its importance and to integrate the necessary actions into their everyday lives

Install biomass heating

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The use of biomass in the heating of buildings is an area that has just begun to develop in our region while relative government legislation has been issued that defines a series of Yes Pilot stage rules and limits. However, cautious implementation is required as constant awareness of citizens is required about low quality and inappropriate used biomass. Impaired atmospheric

CDP's States and Regions Platform 107

pollution mainly from winter fireplace heating is a negative consequence of the use of biomass which requires a solution

Install clean cook stoves

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? For the whole region, one can argue that there are no Comprehensive Yes traditional open burning combustion sites as the whole implementation country and of course the region has been electrified

Install energy efficient lighting systems (e.g. LED)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Through relevant campaigns, region is trying to sensitize users to progressively replace bulbs in their homes with more efficient ones as LED are Limited Yes implementation Μέσω σχετικών εκστρατειών, η περιφέρεια προσπαθεί να ευαισθητοποιήσει τους χρήστες να αντικαταστήσουν προοδευτικά τους λαμπτήρες στα σπίτια τους με πιο αποδοτικούς, όπως τα LED

Install geothermal heating

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Less well-known are the benefits that one can derive by the use of geothermal power for domestic heating and cooling Limited Yes through heat pumps. The relative small number of pumps that implementation until now are installed comes by the reasons of the highest installation price but also by lack of adequate information

CDP's States and Regions Platform 108

Install more efficient luminaires in streetlights/traffic lights (e.g. LED)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Our region proceeds by fast steps in replacing traditional street Limited lighting lamps with the most efficient LED lamps aiming to total Yes implementation implementation in the next short time. Careful steps are needed so as to get a perceptible and measurable gain

Install smart energy meters/sub-meters

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The placement of smart electric has already been made for Planned in the Limited middle and high voltage consumers and is planned in the near next 2 years implementation future for the other 7.5 million low-voltage consumers across all households

Install solar heating/hot water

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? This action could have achieved a much higher degree of application but mainly the relatively low cost of until now Limited Yes using energy so far, and from the other side the cost of implementation purchasing and installing a solar system has led to arrest of their expected high degree of transmissibility

CDP's States and Regions Platform 109

Promote and strengthen building energy performance rating/certification/benchmarking

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The promote and strengthen of building energy performance rating was done through the creation of the energy inspections and the respective energy inspectors, and their audits. Also Limited through the demanding for energy certification for any Yes implementation relevant administrative action that concerned it like sales, transfers, inheritances, rentals etc. It is a very useful measure but until now the degree of certification of all apartments is relatively low

Promote energy efficient appliances

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In the whole region, the national and European requirements are applied according to which in order to sale any device, with particular energy requirements, its energy performance must Comprehensive be recorded on it. Apparently, the “right” more energy- Yes implementation efficient using devices must overcome first their buying and operating costs. An incentive policy is required to replace older generation low energy efficiency devices with other ones of higher performance

Set/strengthen appliance efficiency standards

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Comprehensive Within the same framework, all appliances must have relevant Yes implementation energy efficiency certification

CDP's States and Regions Platform 110

Set/strengthen HVAC efficiency standards

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Correspondingly, air-conditioning systems are characterized by relative levels of energy efficiency with their main energy Comprehensive efficient improvement this of the «inverter system». The Yes implementation buying cost of this equipment is the main inhibitor for an extended application of a integrated energy-efficient system for cooling and heating requirements

Set/strengthen lighting efficiency standards

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Corresponding actions can also be shown for energy efficient Comprehensive Yes light bulbs where, however, they present a much higher implementation penetration rate

Switch from heating oil to natural gas

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Attica was one of the first regions that develop a very significant gas network, mainly due to the main liquefied Limited natural gas terminal plan in Revythousa island of Attica. Yes implementation Natural gas is subsidized as well as the installation of relative natural gasification systems and the replacement of classic petroleum boilers

CDP's States and Regions Platform 111

(5.8c) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Energy sector.

Enable net metering

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Comprehensive Net metering (ie self production) is an option that has been Yes implementation given as an incentive for the proliferation of renewable sources

Expand/improve transmission to integrate renewables

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Limited Region is supporting programs that expanding renewable Yes implementation sourses especially by the interconnection with its islands

Install natural gas power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In the framework of limiting energy losses by its transmission from faraway power-plant , the region is exploring the savings Yes Pilot stage achieved by from converting older oil-fired power plants to greener with natural gas fuel

CDP's States and Regions Platform 112

Install biomass power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? On the other hand, the region is also exploring the establishment of biomass power plants, but the demanded Yes Pilot stage qualitative characteristics of the raw material used and the limited availability of high quality raw material, finally makes it harder to be used in our region

Install carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Install combined heat and power (CHP) or trigen

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

Αbsence of - - appropriate areas

CDP's States and Regions Platform 113

Install energy storage system/fuel cell power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Up to now in region have licensed several combines heat and Limited power plants with inhibitory factors, mainly the installation implementation Yes cost and also the extra needs of the activity so as to be able to Clear selection exploit the additional generated thermal energy. The region

follows the adequate national legislation framework

Install hydropower

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Install microgrids

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

the relative water fields are absent

CDP's States and Regions Platform 114

Install nuclear power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

absence of political and social interest

Install smart grids

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Install solar power (e.g. PV, CSP)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The high localized energy production in far away areas, relative to our region where its consumption is, has lead to high obstacles for an effective and efficient energy management. As a consequence, the utilization of new energy technologies Limited Yes trends with shortening the distance between the producer and implementation the consumer will greatly depress the lost energy during its transportation also the unnecessary energy production and the overloading of the system and will greatly reduce the requirements for energy stocking demands.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 115

Install geothermal power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

absence of - - adequate geothermal fields

Install wind power (e.g. onshore, offshore)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Attica region is gradually implementing programs for the Limited exploitation of its land and of nearby islands wind potential by Yes implementation the installation of wind machines and parks and by their interconnection

Install ocean/tidal/wave power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

there aren't - - large relevant fields

CDP's States and Regions Platform 116

Measure energy productivity (e.g. GDP per unit of energy)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The estimation of energy productivity of the followed procedure is still at a research stage, mainly from research and Yes Pilot stage academic centers, so more time is needed for an extended adoption of new scientific improving innovations in the field of product engineering

Promote demand-side management programs

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Suitable and cost-effective management but also the sure estimation of short and far away energy demand is one of the key issues for the energy sector. It is estimated that the Comprehensive Yes introduction of smart solutions and intelligent systems will implementation optimize best its use. Also a continues explanatory presentation of the benefits to the simple consumer will facilitate their acceptance

Reform utility revenue policies and rate structures

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

CDP's States and Regions Platform 117

Phase out coal-fired/inefficient power stations

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The region wants to replace all energy stations located in its Limited territory and use fossil oil fuels with corresponding gas or Yes implementation renewable energy units mainly at isolated areas and island regions

Set energy efficiency resource standards (EERS)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The energy efficiency of the sources is co-valuated in their Comprehensive Yes environmental licensing as well as the estimated emissions. implementation Validation of their profitability is a criterion for their approval

CDP's States and Regions Platform 118

(5.8d) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Finance & Economy sector.

Adopt feed in tariff for renewables

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The region, following the national strategy for the penetration of renewable energy sources, has applied methodologies for their promotion through the adoption of techniques such the Comprehensive policy of feed - in tariffs. As long as the development of Yes implementation renewable sources was implemented, its penetration was impressive. Now it is temporarily blocked due to the country's negative economic status. Its re-implementation is projected to spur its relative growth

Adopt reverse auction for renewables

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

Enable PACE (long term property tax based loans) financing

Is your region What is the scale of Action description taking this its implementation? action?

CDP's States and Regions Platform 119

Establish GHG trading program

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Comprehensive The region of Attica is in line with national and EU legislation Yes implementation on emissions trading

Increase awareness/engage public on financing mechanisms and incentives for energy efficiency/clean energy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The need to replace low-power, energy-efficient devices and Comprehensive the choice of more efficient and green than less energy Yes implementation efficiency ones, requires sufficient public sensitization, awareness and continuous information programs

Invest in clean tech R&D

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? It is clear that the development of new green technologies is Comprehensive an extremely dynamic and advanced scientific and engineering Yes implementation area and, and relevant programs always are selected for funding

CDP's States and Regions Platform 120

Issue green bonds

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

have not yet been implemented in Greece - -

δεν έχουν ακόμη εφαρμοστεί στην Ελλάδα

Promote on-bill financing

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

- - there are not available data

Provide green mortgages

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? No

- - there are not available data

CDP's States and Regions Platform 121

Provide loans/guarantees for energy efficiency/clean energy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The Structural Funds programs provide the possibility of facilitating lending aimed to addressing the existing market Limited gap between demand and supply of loans and guarantees for implementation Yes high-risk investments in research and innovation. The Equity Clear selection Fund facility aims to help improve the availability of equity

financing to early stage investments and to strengthen the development of the Union's venture capital market.

Provide tax incentives for clean energy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Comprehensive Tax incentives to promote clean technologies and devices and Yes implementation systems are a frequent tool in their promotion

Support clean tech clusters/companies

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Supporting new corporate and clean energy and technology Limited Yes companies is benefiting from better funding prospects despite implementation the unfavorable economic conditions

CDP's States and Regions Platform 122

Implement carbon tax

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The imposition of a carbon tax is an additional measure to Limited Yes promote new and emerging technologies but, on the other implementation hand, it is a prerequisite for securing a competitive product

CDP's States and Regions Platform 123

(5.8e) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Governance sector.

Collaborate with cities/local governments in reducing emissions/increasing resilience

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

The Region is in constant contact with the local cities and Comprehensive Yes provinces authorities in the planning and financing of climate implementation actions

Collaborate with national governments in reducing emissions/increasing resilience

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Comprehensive At the same time, the region is following the national Yes implementation imperatives in a concerted effort to cope of the country

Collaborate with other states/regions in reducing emissions/increasing resilience

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Finally, the Region participates in interregional conferences and meetings where transfer of climate knowledge and Comprehensive Yes exchange of views on critical issues that can engage implementation neighboring regions as well as opportunities for collaborations and synergies

CDP's States and Regions Platform 124

Support and incentivize businesses in reducing emissions/increasing resilience

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

The main directions when affiliating actions and businesses to Comprehensive Yes financing programs is to modernize them in a sustainable implementation mode in order to achieve green and clean technology features

Support and incentivize citizens in adopting environmentally friendly practices

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

The energy upgrading of buildings is duly subsidized through Comprehensive Yes funding programs to replace frames, energy shells, green roofs, implementation solar panels etc

CDP's States and Regions Platform 125

(5.8f) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Industry sector.

Improve energy efficiency of industrial processes

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Achieving adequate energy efficiencies in industry is a crucial Limited Yes element for their sustainability but also for their implementation environmental impact

Promote industrial symbiosis/industrial ecology programs

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Actions on industrial symbiosis have not yet been implemented because they require a more integrated spatial Yes Pilot stage planning policy in the case of industries and in further time horizon

Promote reduced packaging

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

At the legislative level has been issued the 180036/952/2017 Comprehensive Yes ministerial decision which incorporated the Directive implementation 2015/720/EU aims to reduce the use of plastic bags

CDP's States and Regions Platform 126

Support green manufacturing

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The green production encompasses a wide object actions and choices which largely can be established through what we call Limited environmental licensing. The environmental licensing that our Yes implementation region departments check in a high grade, currently provides guarantee for the continuous upgrading and sustainable modernization of all activities and projects today

Implement green public/private partnerships with industry

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Beyond the existing legislative possibility of public/private partnership in projects and activities, today in a wide range of applications has developed an excellent and effective Limited Yes cooperation between the two areas such as the management implementation of waste streams, the production of energy, the energy auditing and monitoring, there is also a specific legislation for near future cooperation in environmental auditing

Support digitalization of industry

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Limited The completion of digitizing of industry until 2020 is a strategic Yes implementation aim for the entire country

CDP's States and Regions Platform 127

(5.8g) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Land use sector.

Establish GHG reduction plan for LULUCF (e.g. REDD+, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Our region has rigorously legislative instruments for the protection of its forests, has an organized system of Limited foreclosure activities in un-compatible areas and has an Yes implementation extensive network of protected nature areas (ie NATURA etc) for which, at this time, tries to carry out appropriate management plans

Promote conservation efforts for natural areas

Promote sustainable forest management

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Our region has rigorously legislative instruments for the protection of its forests, has an organized system of foreclosure activities in un-compatible areas and has an Comprehensive Yes extensive network of protected nature areas (ie NATURA etc) implementation for which, at this time, tries to carry out appropriate management plans

CDP's States and Regions Platform 128

Promote sustainable coastal ecosystem management

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Our region has rigorously legislative instruments for the protection of its forests, has an organized system of Comprehensive foreclosure activities in un-compatible areas and has an Yes implementation extensive network of protected nature areas (ie NATURA etc) for which, at this time, tries to carry out appropriate management plans

Undertake strategic environmental assessment

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In the context of development of large projects in the region Comprehensive Yes following the European requirements, for strategic implementation environmental impact assessment are carried out

Establish guidelines for siting renewable power

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Comprehensive Τhe region follow the national planning legislation for the Yes implementation installation of renewable energy

CDP's States and Regions Platform 129

(5.8h) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Transport sector.

Improve public transport services (e.g. adopt, high speed rail, improve bus services, improve rail services)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In the region have developed largely stable-rail transportation Comprehensive Yes (metro, tram, suburban), electric and gas-powered vehicles to implementation public transportation

Promote digitalization in the transport sector (e.g. real-time information)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Public bus transportation organisation has installed a pilot bus- stops real-time monitoring and information system for Yes Pilot stage passengers. A total networking information system must be applied in near future

Switch freight from trucks to rail

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In Attica and specifically at Thriasio Pedio has installed the Limited largest in country freight intermodal transportation centre Yes implementation which will link road and sea freight with the railway network of country

CDP's States and Regions Platform 130

Increase awareness/engage public on private transport measures

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In Attica and specifically at Thriasio Pedio has installed the largest in country freight intermodal transportation centre Comprehensive Yes which will link road and sea freight with the railway network of implementation country

Install electric vehicle charging infrastructure (i.e. home, work, highways, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Electric vehicle loading infrastructures have been installed at Yes Pilot stage central points for pilot use

Promote alternative fuel production (e.g. biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Generally the production of alternative fuels in our region is Limited limited mainly because of already high urbanization of the area Yes implementation that leaves no empty space for additional factories with high environmental impacts

CDP's States and Regions Platform 131

Set/strengthen fuel economy standards for cars/trucks

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Through additional tax and subsidy practices Greek Limited government has managed to modernize and improve the fleet Yes implementation of vehicles on its roads and aims to follow similar measures in the future in order to abandon fossil fuels cars

Set GHG emissions standards

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Also, aims to get tax and subsides measures to lower GHG Comprehensive Yes emissions from cars and transportation media implementation

Set low-carbon fuel standard

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In past, general government gets measures and manages to improve the using fuels. Yes Pilot stage Once again, through tax and subsides measures aims to set additional low-carbon fuel standard

CDP's States and Regions Platform 132

Set manufacturing requirements (e.g. zero-emission vehicle standard)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? As above, general government through additional tax and subsidy practices government has managed to modernize and Comprehensive Yes improve the fleet of vehicles on its roads and aims to follow implementation similar measures in the future in order to abandon fossil fuels cars and to achieve zero emissions from using vehicles

Switch to electric/hybrid vehicles in cars/taxis/government fleets

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Up to now, a significant proportion of public vehicles are with Limited gas fuel or electric. However, the possibility to replace with Yes implementation hybrids is problematic due to a lack of funding

Switch to other lower-carbon fuel in cars/taxis/government fleets (e.g. biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Up to now, a significant proportion of public vehicles are with Limited Yes gas fuel or electric. However, the possibility to replace with implementation hybrids is problematic due to a lack of funding

CDP's States and Regions Platform 133

(5.8i) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Waste sector.

Adopt source separation policies (e.g. collection for dry recyclables, organic compostable waste, etc.)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The strategic plan of the region for the rational management of its waste requires the minimization if not their elimination of Limited the final discharged wastes. Within the framework of this Yes implementation objective a set of good practices are foreseen and required such as adopt source separation policies, recycling, reuse, cyclical economy and thermal recovery

Establish waste reduction/recycling plan

Increase awareness/engage public on waste reduction/recycling measures

CDP's States and Regions Platform 134

Install advanced thermal treatment/waste to energy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In case of solid waste, advanced methods of their processing for direct energy production, have not yet been applied, mainly Limited because of the anxieties and the reactions they cause. But in Yes implementation the case of water waste, Attica has to prove the impressive solid fuel production facility from the sludge cracking of Psytalia water waste treatment plant

Install anaerobic digestion

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In case of restoration of older uncontrolled landfills as well as in existing new sanitary ones, systems for utilization of the Comprehensive biogas produced from the resulting anaerobic digestion have Yes implementation been installed. Similarly to high-capacity sewage treatment plants, anaerobic digestion systems have been installed in order to collect the produced biogas

Install landfill gas management/landfill gas to energy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action?

Limited In each large sanitary landfill there is a combustion plant for Yes implementation the emitted methane

CDP's States and Regions Platform 135

Install mechanical biological treatment

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? In the case of municipal solid waste management, considerable effort is being made towards the direction of compost production. Also, for industrial solid wastes, the legislative Limited framework has been established, for the production and Yes implementation utilization of solid waste fuels such as RDF. Finally, in the process of high-capacity wastewater treatment, the produced sludge is utilized for the production of solid fuel under special heat treatment (pyrolysis) and for biogas production

Install municipal recycling points or centers (for residents or businesses)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? Relevant resources have been issued for the development of Comprehensive Yes green points where they will act as temporary storage sites for implementation waste

Install waste heat recovery

Is your region taking this Please specify action? No does not apply to the region

CDP's States and Regions Platform 136

Implement practices and policies to promote circular economy

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The strategic plan of the region for the rational management of its waste requires the minimization if not their elimination of the final discharged wastes. Within the framework of this Yes Pilot stage objective a set of good practices are foreseen and required such as adopt source separation policies, recycling, reuse, cyclical economy and thermal recovery

CDP's States and Regions Platform 137

(5.8j) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Water sector.

Adopt wastewater to energy initiatives (e.g. methane recovery for reuse)

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The utilization of the biogas produced by urban wastewater Limited Yes treatment is something that is followed or is plan in our region implementation for all waste water plants for population above 100,000 eq

Install smart water meters

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The installation of smart counters by Water Hydration Planned in the Company (EYDAP) at the moment can only be done for large next 2 years Pilot stage consumers and municipalities with individual's simple consumers to be excluded.

Promote water recycling or reclamation

Is your region What is the scale of taking this Action description its implementation? action? The relevant legislation, already there is and precisely identifies the required degree of treatment and supports the Limited re-use of treated wastewater. Temporarily, re-use is carried Yes implementation out by some activities, but it is gradually envisaged to exploit it and to a large number of wastewater treatment plants throughout Attica

CDP's States and Regions Platform 138

Climate action on short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs)

(5.9) Do you measure your region-wide SLCPs (i.e. black carbon, CH4, O3, HFCs)?

In our region and for many years now an extensive network of stations (up to 18) has been installed by general government, to monitor atmospheric climate pollutants such as CO, O3, NO2, SO2, PM-10, PM2.5 , benzene, heavy metals but also smog, from which daily air pollution reports are issued, as well as annual reports. The relevant 2015 report is being sent (http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=81Y3zyY9w%2bU%3d&tabid=490&language=el- GR). The region is in preparing stage to compose a more general plan for climate change region needed actions according to national and European directives, which also will include actions for proposed measures to estimate measure and finally mitigate SLCPs emissions. It is stressed here that in the context of addressing its overall environmental needs, Attica Region promotes the operation of the "Metropolitan Envir. Measurement Center - Observatory of the Envir. Directorate.", which, among other things, will support all relevant climate actions

Yes

http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=708&locale=en-US&language=el-GR

CDP's States and Regions Platform 139

(5.10) Have you conducted an environmental assessment of the effects of your region-wide SLCPs?

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 140

(5.11) Have you conducted an economic assessment of measures to mitigate your region-wide SLCPs?

In our region and for many years now an extensive network of stations (up to 18) has been installed by general government, to monitor atmospheric climate pollutants such as CO, O3, NO2, SO2, PM-10, PM2.5 , benzene, heavy metals but also smog, from which daily air pollution reports are issued, as well as annual reports. The relevant 2015 report is being sent (http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=81Y3zyY9w%2bU%3d&tabid=490&language=el- GR). The region is in preparing stage to compose a more general plan for climate change region needed actions according to national and European directives, which also will include actions for proposed measures to estimate, measure and finally mitigate SLCPs emissions. It is stressed here that in the context of addressing its overall environmental needs, Attica Region promotes the operation of the "Metropolitan Envir. Measurement Center - Observatory of the Envir. Directorate.", which, among other things, will support all relevant climate actions

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 141

(5.12) Do you have a region-wide plan to reduce SLCPs?

In our region and for many years now an extensive network of stations (up to 18) has been installed by general government, to monitor atmospheric climate pollutants such as CO, O3, NO2, SO2, PM-10, PM2.5 , benzene, heavy metals but also smog, from which daily air pollution reports are issued, as well as annual reports. The relevant 2015 report is being sent (http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=81Y3zyY9w%2bU%3d&tabid=490&language=el- GR). The region is in preparing stage to compose a more general plan for climate change region needed actions according to national and European directives, which also will include actions for proposed measures to estimate, measure and finally mitigate SLCPs emissions. It is stressed here that in the context of addressing its overall environmental needs, Attica Region promotes the operation of the "Metropolitan Envir. Measurement Center - Observatory of the Envir. Directorate.", which, among other things, will support all relevant climate actions

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 142

(5.12e) Please explain why you do not have a plan to reduce your region-wide SLCPs.

Reason for not having a region-wide plan for reducing SLCPs

Reason Explanation

Lack of tools and The region is in preparing stage to compose a more general plan for climate change methodologies region needed actions according to national and European directives, which also to measure includes actions for proposed measures to mitigate the effects of SLCPs SLCPs and inform plans

CDP's States and Regions Platform 143

(5.13) Please attach any assessment or plans regarding your region-wide SLCPs.

The region is in preparing stage to compose a more general plan for climate change region needed actions according to national and European directives, which also includes actions for proposed measures to mitigate the effects of SLCPs

Attached Files

2015 Atmospheric Pollution Annual Report.pdf

CDP's States and Regions Platform 144

Atticas Region Strategic Planning - 161010_stratigikos_sxediasmos.pdf

CDP's States and Regions Platform 145

6. Risks and adaptation

http://www.nrg4sd.org/

Assessment and planning

(6.1) Has a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment been undertaken for your region?

COMMENTS:.... Region of Attica has secured funding its Regional Plan for the Adaption to Climate Change (by the Regional Operational Programme "ATTICA 2014-2020) and at the present time the procurement preparations are in progress.

Yes

In progress

CDP's States and Regions Platform 146

(6.2) Do you have a plan that addresses climate change adaptation?

COMMENTS:.... A specialized plan that addresses the adaption to climate change has not yet been elaborated but the preparation of procurement to this direction is in progress.

Yes

CDP's States and Regions Platform 147

(6.2c) Please explain why you do not have a climate adaptation plan and any future arrangements you have to create a plan.

Reason Explanation

Select all that apply: The legal obligation for regional planning on adaptation to  Adaptation is covered under climate change is relatively recent (2016). According to Law Ν. main region strategy 4414/2016 (Government Gazette A’ 149/09.08.2016) article 43  Adaptation is not currently a the Regions of the Hellenic Republic have to elaborate a priority for my region Regional Plan for the Adaption to Climate Change (RPACC). The  Adaptation is not within the RPACC will take into consideration the National Adaptation Plan region’s control to Climate Change, while the specification of the contents of  Human resources/capacities such a plan were determined in 2017, by Ministerial Decision constraint 11258/2017 (Government Gazette Β’ 873/16.03.2017).  Insufficient cooperation and Region of Attica has secured funding its RPACC and at the communication with external present time the procurement preparations are in progress. stakeholders  Insufficient sectoral integration within the public administration  Lack of data  Lack of expertise  Lack of political will  Lack of resources/funding;  Uncertainty of climate projections  Other: (Planning of adaptation is in progress)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 148

(6.3) Please describe any adaptation goals you have for your region.

The National Adaptation plan to Climate Change was the first step to planning and implements measures for the adaption to climate change at a national, regional and local level. It sets the objectives, guiding principles and means of implementation for a modern and effective strategy towards a developmental adaption within the framework of: - Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, article 3/paragraph 3 and article 4/paragraph1b & e), as integrated to national law 2205/1994 (Government Gazette 60/A/15-4- 1994). - Kyoto Protocol (article 10b) as integrated to national law 3017/2002 (Government Gazette 117/A/2002) - Framework on the Adaptation to Climate Change (Mexico, COP-16) - White Paper Adapting to climate change: Towards a European framework for action [COM(2009)147 Final] as well as the EU Communication: An EU Strategy on adaptation to climate change COM(2013) 216 Final] - international experience The next step is the elaboration of the Regional Plan on Adaptation to Climate Change (RPACC), where the policy sections and geographical areas of priority, for action to be taken, will be defined based on the climate and the vulnerability of every Region. There will be specific measures and actions to be taken as well as the financial means for their implementation, agencies, stakeholders, etc. In the National Adaptation plan to Climate Change there has been selected 15 important policy sections (Agriculture-Livestock, Forestry, Biodiversity-Ecosystems, Water Farming, Fishing, Water resources, Coastal zones, Tourism, Energy, Infrastructure-Transportation, Health, Structured environment, Extractive Industries, Cultural Heritage, Insurance Sector). For every policy sector there will be reference to measures and action for the adaption. These measures and actions will be specified and prioritized in the RPACC. According to National Adaptation plan to Climate Change, Region of Attica has low vulnerability at a national level, but at the sectors of Water Supply, Structured Environment, Transport, Tourism and Health it has the highest vulnerability in the country. At the present time funding of Attica’s Regional Plan on Adaptation to Climate Change has been secured and the preparation of the procurement is in progress.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 149

(6.4) Do you work with local governments in the development and/or implementation of your regional adaptation strategies? Please explain how.

Working with local governments on climate adaptation

Working with local governments Explanation

While elaborating the Attica’s Regional Plan on the Adaption to Climate Change (RPACC) stakeholders at regional/local level will be Yes involved via participatory processes both at an early stage and later during the dissemination and public consultation of the RPACC.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 150

(6.5) Are you involved in the development and/or implementation of your government’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP)? Please explain how.

Working on the National Adaptation Plan (NAP)

Involvement in NAP Explanation

The Attica’s Regional Plan on the Adaption to Climate Change (RPACC) will take into consideration the National Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change. RPACC is a complete plan that specifies and prioritizes the necessary Yes measures and actions for the adaptation to climate change. It will analyze in depth the policies of each sector and determine the necessity for additional measures and actions at regional/local level. The RPACC will have the duration of a seven-year time period.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 151

Climate risks and adaptation actions

(6.6) Do current and/or anticipated impacts of climate change present significant physical risks to your region?

In Attica’s Regional Plan for the Adaptation to Climate Change that will be elaborated, besides the assessment of the vulnerability of several productive sectors to climate change, there will be synopsis of the magnitude for the major threats and the importance of the climate as a risk factor.

Yes

Do not know

CDP's States and Regions Platform 152

(6.6a) Please describe these current and/or anticipated impacts of climate change.

Climate change impact Anticipated timescale Impact seriousness

Select from:  More hot days

 Hotter summers

 Greater temperature variability

 More frequent heat waves

 More intense heat waves

 Warmer water temperatures

 Changes in humidity

 More frequent rainfall

 More intense rainfall Select from: Select from:

 Increased average annual rainfall  Extremely serious

 Current  Reduced average annual rainfall  Serious

 Short-term  Reduced average annual snowfall  Less serious

 Medium-term  More frequent droughts  Other: Description of

seriousness is in  Long-term  More intense droughts progress

 Change in seasonality of rainfall

 Increased frequency of large storms

 Increased wind speeds

 Sea level rise

 Coastal erosion

 Salinization of water bodies

 Soil salinization

 Other: Description of impacts are in progress

CDP's States and Regions Platform 153

Impact description

In Attica’s Regional Plan on the Adaption to Climate Change (RPACC) there will be a trend analysis for the main climatic variables based on the available data and projections by internationally recognized Regional Climate Model. It will be elaborated for short-term, medium term (up to 2050) and long-term (up to 2100) time periods, for more than one global climate scenarios for concentrations of Green House Gases. The current trends and anticipated variables of extreme events (type of phenomenon, intensity and frequency), temperature fluctuations and sea level rise estimates, emphasizing for the time period for the implementation of RPACC and its measures. Based on these estimates the vulnerability of certain sectors and geographical areas of Attica will be assessed. As for the long-term impacts of the climate change on various sectors of environment and financial and social activities, they will be based on the vulnerability analysis of the sectors of interest. There will be descriptions of the methods used for predicting and estimating the impacts in relation to the degree of uncertainty, as well as, the reliability of the methods including difficulties that may have occur or lack of appropriate data/information. The estimation and evaluation of the impacts will focus mainly to the: a) Probability of occurrence b) Extend, with reference to the geographical area and/or the size of the affected population. c) Intensity, with reference to the magnitude of the change d) Impacts complexity, with reference to the mechanism of occurrence (direct or indirect impact), the variables of the phenomenon (in order to distinguish the simple of the more complex impacts) and the dependences on intensity and extend, if any. e) Typical times (time horizon of occurrence of impacts, duration, repeatability). f) Reversing or minimizing capabilities g) Interregional and / or cross-border nature. (briefly)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 154

(6.6b) Please describe the adaptation actions you are taking to reduce the vulnerability of your region's citizens, businesses and infrastructure to the impacts of climate change identified in 6.6a.

Climate change impact Adaptation action Status of action

Populated with selections from 6.6a Select from Appendix C Select from: column 1  Scoping Select from: Other: Planning of  Pre-feasibility study  More hot days adaptation is in progress  Pre-implementation  Hotter summers  Implementation  Greater temperature variability  Operation  More frequent heat waves  Complete  More intense heat waves  Monitoring and  Warmer water temperatures reporting  Changes in humidity  More frequent rainfall  More intense rainfall  Increased average annual rainfall  Reduced average annual rainfall  Reduced average annual snowfall  More frequent droughts  More intense droughts  Change in seasonality of rainfall  Increased frequency of large storms  Increased wind speeds  Sea level rise  Coastal erosion  Salinization of water bodies  Soil salinization

 Other: Planning of adaptation is in progress

Action description

Region of Attica's Strategic Operational Programme 2014-2019 includes in some of each sections projects and works that take into consideration the climate change or are planned to face risk increase of its impacts. Currently flood-works, works related to water supply, sewage/pipe works, waste management, lighting, upgrading buildings, transportation or restoration of public places are being carried out in some areas of Attica. More measures and actions for reducing the vulnerability of citizens, enterprises and infrastructure of Attica will be specified and prioritized in the Regional Plan on the Adaption to Climate Change.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 155

(6.7) Please detail any compounding factors that may worsen the impacts of climate change in your region.

Response

In the National Strategy for the Adaption to Climate Change (NSACC), specialized studies were elaborated on financial costs, based on three scenarios. 1. The No Action scenarios for the reduction of the Green House Gasses (GHG) emissions; 2. The Mitigation Scenario, where the country constantly reduces the GHG emissions, in the framework of a world wide effort, in order to limit the increase of average temperate of the planet to 2 Co; 3. The Adaptation Scenario, in order to reduce the damages related to climate change. The No Action scenario relates to a significant cost at a national level, resulting to 2% and 6% annual reduction of the GNP because of the impacts of the climate change in 2050 and 2011, respectively. At this date Attica’s Regional Plan for the Adaption to Climate Change is not yet elaborated. One the other hand one can understand the complexity of such a plan if only relates that almost half of the country’s population is situated in Attica; the biggest port and airport is also in Attica; and geographically speaking Attica includes Saronic Islands, rural and great urban areas where almost every kind of activity may be found. Major changes to some policy sectors may have impact to productive sectors or alter their synergestic effect. NSACC, of course, studies the impacts of Climate Change at a national level and does not take into consideration major changes, such as in population accumulation or in land use, resulting to further anthropogenic pressures and threats at a national or regional level. Such changes may happen in some areas if, for instance, the refugee issue continues without essential resolve. In national law 4277/2014 “the new regulatory plan for Attica...”, climate change is taken into consideration. The underlying spatial and urban planning, though, has not yet included climate change to a great extent, or the local spatial or urban planning needs updating. Increase of awareness at all levels is essential if we are to integrate actions, measures or strategies for Mitigation or Adaption scenarios to be implemented

CDP's States and Regions Platform 156

(6.8) Do you consider that these impacts of climate change threaten the ability of businesses to operate successfully in your region? Please explain the reasoning behind your response.

Climate change impacts on businesses

Does climate change threaten Do not know businesses in your region?

Explanation In the National Adaptation plan to Climate Change there has been selected 15 important policy sections (Agriculture-Livestock, Forestry, Biodiversity-Ecosystems, Water Farming, Fishing, Water resources, Coastal zones, Tourism, Energy, Infrastructure-Transportation, Health, Structured environment, Extractive Industries, Cultural Heritage, Insurance Sector). For every policy sector there is reference to measures and action for the adaption. According to National Adaptation plan to Climate Change, Region of Attica has low vulnerability at a national level, but at the sectors of Water Supply, Structured Environment, Transport, Tourism and Health it has the highest vulnerability in the country. Consequently, business areas related to these sectors are vulnerable. When Attica’s Regional Plan on Adaptation to the Climate Change is elaborated more detailed information as well as specific and prioritized measures will be planned.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 157

Socio-economic risks

(6.9) Does your region face any socio-economic risks as a result of climate change?

According to National Adaptation plan to Climate Change, Region of Attica has low vulnerability at a national level, but at the sectors of Water Supply, Structured Environment, Transport, Tourism and Health it has the highest vulnerability in the country.

Yes

Do not know

CDP's States and Regions Platform 158

(6.9a) Please complete the table below.

Socio-economic risks Anticipated timescale Level of risk

Select from Επιλέξτε από: Select from Επιλέξτε από: Select from Επιλέξτε  Fluctuating socio-economic conditions από: Διακυμάνσεις των κοινωνικοοικονομικών  Current Τρέχον συνθηκών  Extremely serious  Short-term Εξαιρετικά σοβαρό  Health risks Ρίσκα υγείας Βραχυπρόθεσμα  Serious Σοβαρός  Increased conflict and/or crime Αυξημένη  Medium-term σύγκρουση ή/και εγκληματικότητα Μεσοπρόθεσμος  Less serious Λιγότερο σοβαρό  Increased resource demand Αυξημένη ζήτηση  Long-term πόρων Μακροπρόθεσμα  Other: Planning of adaptation is in  Increased demand for public services progress (including health) Αυξημένη ζήτηση για δημόσιες υπηρεσίες (συμπεριλαμβανομένης της υγείας)

 Increased economic loss resulting from disasters Αυξημένες οικονομικές απώλειες από καταστροφές

 Increased incidence and prevalence of disease Αυξημένη εμφάνιση και επικράτηση της νόσου

 Increased risk to already vulnerable populations Αυξημένος κίνδυνος για ήδη ευάλωτους πληθυσμούς

 Increased risk to infrastructure (incl. buildings, energy, transport) Αυξημένος κίνδυνος για τις υποδομές (συμπεριλαμβανομένων των κτιρίων, της ενέργειας, των μεταφορών)

 Increased risk to livelihood security Αυξημένος κίνδυνος για την ασφάλεια ζωής

 Loss of traditional jobs Απώλεια παραδοσιακών εργασιών

 Loss of workforce Απώλεια εργατικού δυναμικού

 Migration from rural areas to cities Μετανάστευση από αγροτικές περιοχές σε

CDP's States and Regions Platform 159

πόλεις

 Population displacement Μετακίνηση πληθυσμού

 Reduced income Μειωμένο εισόδημα

 Risk to food security Κίνδυνος για την επισιτιστική ασφάλεια

 Other: Planning of adaptation is in progress

Risk description In the National Adaptation plan to Climate Change there has been selected 15 important policy sections (Agriculture-Livestock, Forestry, Biodiversity-Ecosystems, Water Farming, Fishing, Water resources, Coastal zones, Tourism, Energy, Infrastructure-Transportation, Health, Structured environment, Extractive Industries, Cultural Heritage, Insurance Sector). For every policy sector there will be reference to measures and actions for the adaption. These measures and actions will be specified and prioritized in the RPACC. According to National Adaptation plan to Climate Change, Region of Attica has low vulnerability at a national level, but at the sectors of Water Supply, Structured Environment, Transport, Tourism and Health it has the highest vulnerability in the country.

Actions taken to reduce risk In Attica's Regional Plan to Climate Change measures and actions will be specified and prioritized.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 160

CDP's States and Regions Platform 161

7. Water

Water supply risks

(7.1) Do you foresee substantive risks to your region’s water supply in the short, medium or long term?

The Hellenic Public Organization, EYDAP (https://www.eydap.gr/en/), which mainly but not exclusively, is responsible for the water supply of the mainland part of the Attica Region, ensures that "water reserves" are permanently high for at least the last 10 years.

For the areas of the Attica Region served by "EYDAP" there is no substantial risk to the Region's water supply. There is always the long-term risk of water scarcity and other natural phenomena, aging infrastructures. Through EYDAP, regional water supply is secure as infrastructure has been implemented that has been designed to address the problems mentioned in the previous proposal.

Yes

Do not know

CDP's States and Regions Platform 162

(7.1b) Please explain why you do not consider your region to be exposed to any substantive water supply risk.

COMMENTS: The Hellenic Public Organization, EYDAP (https://www.eydap.gr/en/), which mainly but not exclusively, is responsible for the water supply of the mainland part of the Attica Region, ensures that "water reserves" are permanently high for at least the last 10 years. For the areas of the Attica Region served by "EYDAP" there is no substantial risk to the Region's water supply. There is always the long-term risk of water scarcity and other natural phenomena, aging infrastructures. Through EYDAP, regional water supply is secure as infrastructure has been implemented that has been designed to address the problems mentioned in the previous proposal.

Reason for the region not being exposed to water supply risks

Reason Explanation Taking into consideration preventive measures are continually taken and water scarcity projects are being constructed, Attica Region reduces the substantial water- supply risks.

The responsibility for water supply, for the island part of the Attica Region as well as the settlements, lays to municipalities, which together with the "Attica Region" and "EYDAP" plan and implement: • Construction of new water supply networks, • Replacements and connections of water network, • Replacements of water supply networks of "amianthus pipes" • Damage Restoration Works, • Water transport tankers, • Desalination projects, • Construction of water "lake-tank", Risks are not • Submarine water transport interconnections, significant • Researches of orthological management of water resources, etc.

The operations of Attica Region concerning the management of water resources that are mainly located in settlements and islands, in various phases of their development, are with a total budget of 56,276,860€ from which contracts have been made in a total budget of € 25,951,572,

The "Special Secretariat for Water" (http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=246&language=en-US ) of the Hellenic Ministry of Environment andEnergy (http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx ), as an institutional - central body of government, draws up the Strategic Texts, that is "Water District River Basin Management Plans", Flood Risk Management Plans" and "Drought Plans", which will be taken into account for the preparation of Plans and the risk assessment of each water supply operator. Actions to reduce water-related risks relate to water infrastructure investments, regulations or performance standards, and awareness-raising. Also, by compliance with

CDP's States and Regions Platform 163

European Directive 2000/60 / EC prepared the Management Plans River Basin Water Departments, with a view to optimal and sustainable management of water resources in the whole country and the Risk Management Plans Flood with measures are taken to reduce or eliminate the risks of severe floods. For example, East Attica, a Master Plan of Wastewater Treatment Centers of Eastern Attica has been prepared by EYDAP, with the potential to implement alternatives for the recovery of recovered water, in the context of water saving, for sustainable development and for the benefit of of local communities, being the first step in exploiting the recovered water in the area

CDP's States and Regions Platform 164

CDP's States and Regions Platform 165

Important information

CDP has been making information requests on behalf of institutional investors to corporations on carbon and climate change since 2002, water since 2010, and forests since 2013. In addition, CDP has been making information requests to cities since 2010 as well as to states and regions since 2014. To find out more about CDP and the previous responses from these organizations, please refer to our website at www.cdp.net.

What are the financial implications of responding?

CDP has a charitable status and seeks to use its limited funds effectively. Consequently, responses must be prepared and submitted at the expense of responding states and regions. CDP also reserves the right, where it deems it appropriate in view of its charitable aims and objectives, to charge for access to or use of data and/or reports it publishes or commissions.

What is the basis of participation and what will happen to the data received?

When responding to CDP you will be given a choice as to whether your response is made public or non-public. We strongly encourage states and regions to make their responses public which means that the response will be made publicly available from the CDP website. Non-public responses will not be made publicly available and will only be used in aggregate and/or anonymously.

What if a state/region wishes to change or update a response?

After you submit your response via the Online Response System, it will become ‘read-only’ and any amendments can be made through the dashboard. If your state/region wants their information to be included for the 2018 Global Climate Action Summit in California, please submit and make all necessary amendments by 20th June 2018.

How can a state/region confirm its participation?

If you received this document in hard copy, please email [email protected] to confirm your participation.

What is the legal status of CDP?

CDP Worldwide (CDP) is a UK Registered Charity no. 1122330 and a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales no. 05013650 with its registered office at Level 3, 71 Queen Victoria Street, London EC4V 4AY. The charity has wholly owned subsidiaries in Germany and China and companies in Australia, Brazil and India over which it exercises control through majority Board representation. In the US, CDP North America, Inc. is an independently incorporated affiliate which has United States IRS 501(c)(3) charitable status.

CDP is an independent not-for-profit organization holding the largest collection globally of self- reported climate change, water and forest-risk data. Thousands of organizations from across the world’s major economies measure and disclose their environmental information through CDP.

CDP puts this information at the heart of financial and policy decision-making and its goal is to collect and distribute high quality information that motivates investors, corporations and governments to take action to prevent dangerous climate change.

CDP's States and Regions Platform 166

CDP's States and Regions Platform 167

Appendices

Appendix A – Currency

AED United Arab Emirates dirham AFN Afghani ALL Lek AMD Armenian Dram ANG Netherlands Antillian Guilder AOA Kwanza ARS Argentine Peso AUD Australian Dollar AWG Aruban Guilder AZN Azerbaijanian Manat BAM Convertible Marks BBD Barbados Dollar BDT Bangladeshi Taka BGN Bulgarian Lev BHD Bahraini Dinar BIF Burundian Franc BMD Bermudian Dollar (customarily known as Bermuda Dollar) BND Brunei Dollar BOB Boliviano BOV Bolivian Mvdol (Funds code) BRL Brazilian Real BSD Bahamian Dollar BTN Ngultrum BWP Pula BYR Belarussian Ruble BZD Belize Dollar CAD Canadian Dollar CDF Franc Congolais CHE WIR Euro (complementary currency) CHF Swiss Franc CHW WIR Franc (complementary currency) CLF Unidades de formento (Funds code) CLP Chilean Peso CNY Yuan Renminbi COP Colombian Peso COU Unidad de Valor Real CRC Costa Rican Colon CUP Cuban Peso CVE Cape Verde Escudo CYP Cyprus Pound CZK Czech Koruna

CDP's States and Regions Platform 168

DJF Djibouti Franc DKK Danish Krone DOP Dominican Peso DZD Algerian Dinar EEK Kroon EGP Egyptian Pound ERN Nakfa ETB Ethiopian Birr EUR Euro FJD Fiji Dollar FKP Falkland Islands Pound GBP Pound Sterling GEL Lari GHS Cedi GIP Gibraltar pound GMD Dalasi GNF Guinea Franc GTQ Quetzal GYD Guyana Dollar HKD Hong Kong Dollar HNL Lempira HRK Croatian Kuna HTG Haiti Gourde HUF Forint IDR Rupiah ILS New Israeli Shekel INR Indian Rupee IQD Iraqi Dinar IRR Iranian Rial ISK Iceland Krona JMD Jamaican Dollar JOD Jordanian Dinar JPY Japanese yen KES Kenyan Shilling KGS Som KHR Riel KMF Comoro Franc KPW North Korean Won KRW South Korean Won KWD Kuwaiti Dinar KYD Cayman Islands Dollar KZT Tenge LAK Kip LBP Lebanese Pound LKR Sri Lanka Rupee LRD Liberian Dollar LSL Loti LTL Lithuanian Litas

CDP's States and Regions Platform 169

LVL Latvian Lats LYD Libyan Dinar MAD Moroccan Dirham MDL Moldovan Leu MGA Malagasy Ariary MKD Denar MMK Kyat MNT Tugrik MOP Pataca MRO Ouguiya MTL Maltese Lira MUR Mauritius Rupee MVR Rufiyaa MWK Kwacha MXN Mexican Peso MXV Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) (Funds code) MYR Malaysian Ringgit MZN Metical NAD Namibian Dollar NGN Naira NIO Cordoba Oro NOK Norwegian Krone NPR Nepalese Rupee NZD New Zealand Dollar OMR Rial Omani PAB Balboa PEN Nuevo Sol PGK Kina PHP Philippine Peso PKR Pakistan Rupee PLN Zloty PYG Guarani QAR Qatari Rial RON Romanian New Leu RSD Serbian Dinar RUB Russian Ruble RWF Rwanda Franc SAR Saudi Riyal SBD Solomon Islands Dollar SCR Seychelles Rupee SDG Sudanese Pound SEK Swedish Krona SGD Singapore Dollar SHP Saint Helena Pound SKK Slovak Koruna SLL Leone SOS Somali Shilling SRD Surinam Dollar

CDP's States and Regions Platform 170

STD Dobra SYP Syrian Pound SZL Lilangeni THB Baht TJS Somoni TMM Manat TND Tunisian Dinar TOP Pa'anga TRY New Turkish Lira TTD Trinidad and Tobago Dollar TWD New Taiwan Dollar TZS Tanzanian Shilling UAH Hryvnia UGX Uganda Shilling USD US Dollar UYU Peso Uruguayo UZS Uzbekistan Som VEB Venezuelan bolívar VND Vietnamese đồng VUV Vatu WST Samoan Tala XAF CFA Franc BEAC XAG Silver (one Troy ounce) XAU Gold (one Troy ounce) XBA European Composite Unit (EURCO) (Bonds market unit) XBB European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) (Bonds market unit)

CDP's States and Regions Platform 171

Appendix B – Climate actions

1. Agriculture sector (2 possible actions)  Agriculture > Promote sustainable farming practices (e.g. low-till, waste reduction, etc.)  Agriculture > Improve institutional capacity of farmer and rural organizations (e.g. educating farmers of innovative and cost-effective measures, providing financial support, etc.)

2. Buildings & Lighting sector (15 possible actions)  Buildings > Improve heating and cooling efficiency (e.g. audits, insulation, HVAC maintenance, white roofs, etc.)  Buildings > Increase awareness/engage public on energy efficiency/clean energy programs  Buildings > Install biomass heating  Buildings > Install clean cook stoves  Buildings > Install energy efficient lighting systems (e.g. LED)  Buildings > Install geothermal heating  Buildings > Install more efficient luminaires in streetlights/traffic lights (e.g. LED)  Buildings > Install smart energy meters/sub-meters  Buildings > Install solar heating/hot water  Buildings > Promote and strengthen building energy performance rating/certification/benchmarking  Buildings > Promote energy efficient appliances  Buildings > Set/strengthen appliance efficiency standards  Buildings > Set/strengthen HVAC efficiency standards  Buildings > Set/strengthen lighting efficiency standards  Buildings > Switch from heating oil to natural gas

3. Energy sector (20 possible actions)  Energy > Enable net metering  Energy > Expand/improve transmission to integrate renewables  Energy > Install natural gas power  Energy > Install biomass power  Energy > Install carbon capture and storage (CCS)  Energy > Install combined heat and power (CHP) or trigen  Energy > Install energy storage system/fuel cell power  Energy > Install hydropower  Energy > Install microgrids  Energy > Install nuclear power  Energy > Install smart grids

CDP's States and Regions Platform 172

 Energy > Install solar power (e.g. PV, CSP)  Energy > Install geothermal power  Energy > Install wind power (e.g. onshore, offshore)  Energy > Install ocean/tidal/wave power  Energy > Measure energy productivity (e.g. GDP per unit of energy)  Energy > Promote demand-side management programs  Energy > Reform utility revenue policies and rate structures  Energy > Phase out coal-fired/inefficient power stations  Energy > Set energy efficiency resource standards (EERS)

4. Finance & Economy sector (13 possible actions)  Finance & Economy > Adopt feed in tariff for renewables  Finance & Economy > Adopt reverse auction for renewables  Finance & Economy > Enable PACE (long term property tax based loans) financing  Finance & Economy > Establish GHG trading program  Finance & Economy > Increase awareness/engage public on financing mechanisms and incentives for energy efficiency/clean energy  Finance & Economy > Invest in clean tech R&D  Finance & Economy > Issue green bonds  Finance & Economy > Promote on-bill financing  Finance & Economy > Provide green mortgages  Finance & Economy > Provide loans/guarantees for energy efficiency/clean energy  Finance & Economy > Provide tax incentives for clean energy  Finance & Economy > Support clean tech clusters/companies  Finance & Economy > Implement carbon tax

5. Governance sector (5 possible actions)  Governance > Collaborate with cities/local governments in reducing emissions/increasing resilience  Governance > Collaborate with national governments in reducing emissions/increasing resilience  Governance > Collaborate with other states/regions in reducing emissions/increasing resilience  Governance > Support and incentivize businesses in reducing emissions/increasing resilience  Governance > Support and incentivize citizens in adopting environmentally friendly practices

6. Industry sector (6 possible actions)  Industry > Improve energy efficiency of industrial processes  Industry > Promote industrial symbiosis/industrial ecology programs

CDP's States and Regions Platform 173

 Industry > Promote reduced packaging  Industry > Support green manufacturing  Industry > Implement green public/private partnerships with industry  Industry > Support digitalization of industry

7. Land use sector (6 possible actions)  Land use > Establish GHG reduction plan for LULUCF (e.g. REDD+, etc.)  Land use > Promote conservation efforts for natural areas  Land use > Promote sustainable forest management  Land use > Promote sustainable coastal ecosystem management  Land use > Undertake strategic environmental assessment  Land use > Establish guidelines for siting renewable power

8. Transport sector (12 possible actions)  Mass Transit > Improve public transport services (e.g. adopt, high speed rail, improve bus services, improve rail services)  Mass Transit > Promote digitalization in the transport sector (e.g. real-time information)  Mass Transit > Switch freight from trucks to rail  Private Transport > Increase awareness/engage public on private transport measures  Private Transport > Install electric vehicle charging infrastructure (i.e. home, work, highways, etc.)  Private Transport > Promote alternative fuel production (e.g. biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen, etc.)  Private Transport > Set/strengthen fuel economy standards for cars/trucks  Private Transport > Set GHG emissions standards  Private Transport > Set low-carbon fuel standard  Private Transport > Set manufacturing requirements (e.g. zero-emission vehicle standard)  Private Transport > Switch to electric/hybrid vehicles in cars/taxis/government fleets  Private Transport > Switch to other lower-carbon fuel in cars/taxis/government fleets (e.g. biofuels, natural gas, hydrogen, etc.)

9. Waste sector (10 possible actions)  Waste > Adopt source separation policies (e.g. collection for dry recyclables, organic compostable waste, etc.)  Waste > Establish waste reduction/recycling plan  Waste > Increase awareness/engage public on waste reduction/recycling measures  Waste > Install advanced thermal treatment/waste to energy  Waste > Install anaerobic digestion  Waste > Install landfill gas management/landfill gas to energy

CDP's States and Regions Platform 174

 Waste > Install mechanical biological treatment  Waste > Install municipal recycling points or centers (for residents or businesses)  Waste > Install waste heat recovery  Waste > Implement practices and policies to promote circular economy

10. Water sector (3 possible actions)  Water > Adopt wastewater to energy initiatives (e.g. methane recovery for reuse)  Water > Install smart water meters  Water > Promote water recycling or reclamation

Appendix C – Actions to reduce vulnerability

 Flood mapping  Heat mapping and thermal imaging  Landslide risk mapping  Sea level rise modelling  Biodiversity monitoring  Real time risk monitoring  Crisis management including warning and evacuation systems  Crisis planning and practice exercises  Public preparedness (including practice exercises/drills)  Community engagement/education  Projects and policies targeted at those most vulnerable  Testing/vaccination programmes for vector-borne disease  Disease prevention measures  Air quality initiatives  Incorporating climate change into long-term planning documents  Restrict development in at risk areas  Resilience and resistance measures for buildings  Hazard resistant infrastructure design and construction  Diversifying power/energy supply  Economic diversification measures

CDP's States and Regions Platform 175

 Flood defences – development and operation & storage  Storm water capture systems  Additional reservoirs and wells for water storage  Soil retention strategies  Tree planting and/or creation of green space  Green roofs/walls  White roofs  Shading in public spaces, markets  Cooling systems for critical infrastructure  Retrofit of existing buildings  Cooling centers, pools, water parks/plazas  Cool pavement  Water extraction protection  Promoting low flow technologies  Water butts/rainwater capture  Xeriscapes – low water landscaping design  Maintenance/repair – leaking infrastructure  Optimizing delivery fuel mix of water supply  Improve water supply distribution method  Promoting and incentivizing water efficiency  Water use restrictions and standards  Water efficient equipment and appliances  Water smart metering  Water use audits  Awareness campaign/education to reduce water use  Diversification of water supply Other

CDP's States and Regions Platform 176



CDP's States and Regions Platform 177

Table of Contents 2018 States and Regions Questionnaire ...... 3 CDP's States and Regions Platform ...... 3 Welcome to CDP's States and Regions Platform ...... 4 1. Introduction ...... 5 General information ...... 5 (1.1) Please provide the following details for your region...... 5 (1.2) Please provide the details of your region's annual operating budget in the currency reported in question 1.1...... 7 (1.3) Please provide the details of your region’s current, historical and projected population. .. 8 (1.4) Please provide the details of your region’s current, historical and projected GDP in the currency reported in question 1.1...... 10 (1.5) Please provide further details about the geography of your region...... 13 2. Governance ...... 17 Regional planning ...... 17 (2.1) Please describe the process by which your regional government reviews its progress and manages overall responsibility for climate change...... 17 (2.2) Does your region incorporate desired GHG reductions into the master planning for the region? ...... 19 (2.2a) Please describe the ways that the master plan is designed to reduce GHG emissions. .. 20 (2.3) Do you work with cities/local governments in developing and/or meeting each other’s climate targets? Please explain how...... 23 (2.4) Do you work with national governments in developing and/or meeting each other’s climate targets? Please explain how...... 24 Regional opportunities ...... 25 (2.5) Does addressing climate change provide any economic opportunities for your region? .. 25 (2.5a) Please indicate the opportunities and describe how the region is positioning itself to take advantage of them...... 26 (2.6) List any emission reduction, adaptation, water related or resilience projects that you have planned within your region for which you hope to attract financing, and provide details on the estimated costs and status of the project. If your region does not have any relevant projects, please select “No relevant projects” under Project Area...... 31 3. Emissions - Region-wide ...... 41 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Region-wide ...... 41 (3.1) Does your region have a region-wide emissions inventory to report? ...... 41

CDP's States and Regions Platform 178

(3.2) Please provide the dates of the accounting year or 12-month period for your region’s latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory...... 42 (3.3) Please select the category that best describes the boundary of your latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory...... 43 (3.4) Please select the name of the primary protocol, standard, or methodology you have used to calculate GHG emissions and explain how it has been used as well as any additional protocols and processes for data collection...... 44 (3.5) Please select which gases are included in your latest region-wide GHG emissions inventory. Select all that apply...... 45 (3.6) Please provide the details of your latest inventory’s total region-wide GHG emissions. .. 46 (3.7) Do you track the changes in your region-wide emissions inventory against your base year emissions? ...... 48 (3.7a) Please complete the table below...... 49 (3.8) Please indicate if your region-wide emissions have increased, decreased, or stayed the same since your last emissions inventory, and please describe why...... 50 (3.9) Do you measure your region-wide GHG emissions by scope? ...... 51 (3.9a) Please provide the breakdown of your GHG emissions by scope...... 52 (3.10) Please attach your latest region-wide inventory in the table below...... 53 Attached Files ...... 54 (3.11b) Where it will facilitate a greater understanding of your region-wide emissions, please provide a breakdown of these emissions by the 2006 IPCC sector in the table below...... 82 (3.13) Please provide the details of your region's historical and projected region-wide total emissions...... 83 External verification – Region-wide ...... 84 (3.15) Has the GHG emissions data you have reported here been externally verified either in part or in whole? ...... 84 (3.15b) Please describe why not and your future plans to verify your emissions, if any...... 85 Region-wide electricity ...... 86 (3.16) Please detail your region-wide electricity consumption, production and imports, and the GHG emissions associated with these activities...... 86 (3.17) Please detail the energy mix of your region-wide electricity generation (%)...... 87 4. Emissions - Government operations ...... 88 Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data – Government operations ...... 88 (4.1) Do you have an emissions inventory for your government operations to report? ...... 88 (4.9) Please explain your reasoning and your plans to report on your government’s emissions inventory in the future, if any...... 89 Government electricity ...... 90

CDP's States and Regions Platform 179

(4.11) Please detail your government’s total electricity consumption and its associated GHG emissions...... 90 (4.12) Please detail the energy mix of your government’s electricity consumption (%)...... 91 5. Strategy ...... 92 Emissions reduction – Region-wide ...... 92 (5.1) Does your region have a climate change action plan for reducing region-wide GHG emissions? ...... 92 (5.2) Do you have a GHG emissions reduction target in place at the region-wide level? Select all that apply...... 94 (5.2a) Please provide the details of your region-wide base year emissions reduction target(s). You may add rows to provide the details of your sector-specific targets by selecting the relevant sector in the sector field...... 95 Emissions reduction - Government operations ...... 99 (5.3) Do you have a GHG emissions reduction target in place for your government operations? ...... 99 (5.5) Please explain why you do not have a government operations emissions reduction target...... 100 Energy ...... 101 (5.6) Does your region have an energy efficiency target in place at the region-wide level and/or your government operations? ...... 101 (5.6b) Please explain why you do not have an energy efficiency target...... 102 (5.7) Does your region have a renewable energy or electricity target in place at the region-wide level and/or your government operations? ...... 103 (5.7b) Please explain why you do not have a renewable energy or electricity target...... 104 Climate actions ...... 105 (5.8) Please select the sectors that are relevant for your region’s climate actions. Select all that apply...... 105 (5.8a) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Agriculture sector...... 106 (5.8b) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Buildings & Lighting sector...... 107 (5.8c) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Energy sector...... 112 (5.8d) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Finance & Economy sector...... 119 (5.8e) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Governance sector...... 124 (5.8f) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Industry sector...... 126 (5.8g) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Land use sector...... 128 (5.8h) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Transport sector...... 130 (5.8i) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Waste sector...... 134

CDP's States and Regions Platform 180

(5.8j) Please provide details of your climate actions in the Water sector...... 138 Climate action on short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) ...... 139 (5.9) Do you measure your region-wide SLCPs (i.e. black carbon, CH4, O3, HFCs)? ...... 139 (5.10) Have you conducted an environmental assessment of the effects of your region-wide SLCPs? ...... 140 (5.11) Have you conducted an economic assessment of measures to mitigate your region-wide SLCPs? ...... 141 (5.12) Do you have a region-wide plan to reduce SLCPs? ...... 142 (5.12e) Please explain why you do not have a plan to reduce your region-wide SLCPs...... 143 (5.13) Please attach any assessment or plans regarding your region-wide SLCPs...... 144 Attached Files ...... 144 6. Risks and adaptation ...... 146 Assessment and planning ...... 146 (6.1) Has a climate change risk or vulnerability assessment been undertaken for your region? ...... 146 (6.2) Do you have a plan that addresses climate change adaptation? ...... 147 (6.2c) Please explain why you do not have a climate adaptation plan and any future arrangements you have to create a plan...... 148 (6.3) Please describe any adaptation goals you have for your region...... 149 (6.4) Do you work with local governments in the development and/or implementation of your regional adaptation strategies? Please explain how...... 150 (6.5) Are you involved in the development and/or implementation of your government’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP)? Please explain how...... 151 Climate risks and adaptation actions ...... 152 (6.6) Do current and/or anticipated impacts of climate change present significant physical risks to your region? ...... 152 (6.6a) Please describe these current and/or anticipated impacts of climate change...... 153 (6.6b) Please describe the adaptation actions you are taking to reduce the vulnerability of your region's citizens, businesses and infrastructure to the impacts of climate change identified in 6.6a...... 155 (6.7) Please detail any compounding factors that may worsen the impacts of climate change in your region...... 156 (6.8) Do you consider that these impacts of climate change threaten the ability of businesses to operate successfully in your region? Please explain the reasoning behind your response. 157 Socio-economic risks ...... 158 (6.9) Does your region face any socio-economic risks as a result of climate change? ...... 158 (6.9a) Please complete the table below...... 159

CDP's States and Regions Platform 181

7. Water ...... 162 Water supply risks ...... 162 (7.1) Do you foresee substantive risks to your region’s water supply in the short, medium or long term?...... 162 (7.1b) Please explain why you do not consider your region to be exposed to any substantive water supply risk...... 163 Important information ...... 166 Appendices ...... 168 Appendix A – Currency ...... 168 Appendix B – Climate actions ...... 172 1. Agriculture sector (2 possible actions) ...... 172 2. Buildings & Lighting sector (15 possible actions) ...... 172 3. Energy sector (20 possible actions) ...... 172 4. Finance & Economy sector (13 possible actions) ...... 173 5. Governance sector (5 possible actions) ...... 173 6. Industry sector (6 possible actions) ...... 173 7. Land use sector (6 possible actions) ...... 174 8. Transport sector (12 possible actions) ...... 174 9. Waste sector (10 possible actions) ...... 174 10. Water sector (3 possible actions) ...... 175 Appendix C – Actions to reduce vulnerability ...... 175

CDP's States and Regions Platform 182