DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants in Greece: the Case of the Greater Athens Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants in Greece: the Case of the Greater Athens Area Socio-economic Integration of Immigrants in Greece: The Case of the Greater Athens Area Eda Gemi A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of London Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2015 2 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 LIST OF TABLES 6 LIST OF MAPS 7 ABSTRACT 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Background and theoretical rationale 10 1.2 The Greek context of migration 13 1.3 Research questions and hypothesis 19 1.4 Methods of research 21 1.5 Scope and limitations 22 1.6 Outline of the chapters 22 1.7 Contributions of the study 24 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 26 2.1 Integration theory 26 2.2 Dimensions and modes of integration 29 2.3 Migration regimes and national integration policies 32 2.3.1 Selected typologies of socio-economic integration 37 2.4 Measuring integration at the European level 44 2.5 Literature review on immigrant integration 50 2.5.1 Integration in Europe 50 2.5.2 Literature review on migrant integration in Greece 54 2.6 Literature on socio-economic indicators of migrant integration 61 2.6.1 Segregation and housing conditions 61 2.6.2 Use of the host country’s language 73 2.6.3 Social interaction 79 2.6.4 Social and political participation 84 2.6.5 Racism and discrimination 92 2.7 Conclusions 97 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY OF DATA COLLECTION 99 3.1 Methodological approach 99 3.2 Defining the research typology 100 3.3 Identifying the sample population 101 3.3.1 Albanian immigrants in Greece 103 3.3.2 Immigrants from Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh) 107 3.3.3 Immigrants from Eastern Europe (Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Moldova) 109 3.4 The selection of the sample and its characteristics 111 3.4.1 Demographic profile of the immigrant population 111 3.5 Sampling method 114 3.5.1 Replacements/Cancellations 116 3.6 Questionnaire techniques 117 3.6.1 Type of questions/answers 118 3.6.2 Questionnaire structure and the method of empirical data collection 120 CHAPTER FOUR: METHODS FOR DATA ANALYSIS 125 4.1 Socio-economic integration: a descriptive analysis 125 4.1.1 Profile of the sample 125 4.1.2 Gender 126 4.1.3 Age 127 4.1.3 Family Status 128 4.1.4 Educational level 129 4.1.5 Years of residence 130 4.1.6 Legal status 131 3 4.2 Constructing the integration index 132 4.2.1 Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) 140 4.3 Factors impacting on the levels of integration: Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLR) 141 4.4 Mapping the spatial distribution/concentration of immigrants in the Greater Athens area (Piraeus and Korydallos) 146 CHAPTER FIVE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 149 5.1 Employment and labour market integration 149 5.1.1 Working conditions 152 5.1.2 Contractual status 154 5.1.3 Unemployment 157 5.1.4 Types of labour relations 160 5.1.5 Occupation 162 5.1.6 Self-evaluation of occupational status 165 5.1.7 Concluding remarks on employment and labour market integration 167 5.2 Housing conditions and segregation 169 5.2.1 Mapping the spatial distribution/concentration in the Greater Athens area (Piraeus and Korydallos) 170 5.2.2 Housing conditions 179 5.2.3 Type of residence 180 5.2.4 Year of home purchase 182 5.2.5 Level of rent 182 5.2.6 Choice of residence location 183 5.2.7 Modes of finding a residence 183 5.2.8 Number of bedrooms 184 5.2.9 Floor space 185 5.2.10 Number of persons in accommodation 185 5.2.11 Year of housing construction 186 5.2.12 Self-evaluation of housing conditions 186 5.2.13 Concluding remarks on housing and segregation 188 5.4 Use of the Greek language 190 5.4.1 Proficiency in the Greek language 191 5.4.2 Methods of Greek language learning 194 5.4.3 Evaluating the importance of attending Greek language classes 195 5.4.4 Method of Greek language learning 196 5.4.5 Frequency of Greek language usage 197 5.4.6 Concluding remarks on the use of the Greek language 198 5.5 Social interaction 199 5.5.1 Frequency of meetings 200 5.5.2 Frequency of communication 201 5.5.3 Friendships 202 5.5.4 Use of support networks 203 5.5.5 Willingness to develop friendships with natives 204 5.5.6 Willingness to develop friendships with co-ethnics 205 5.5.7 Levels of adaptation to Greek lifestyle 206 5.5.8 Self-evaluation of social interaction with Greeks 207 5.5.3 Concluding remarks on social interaction 208 5.6 Social and political participation 209 5.6.1 Interest in politics 211 5.6.2 Familiarity with institutions and organizations 211 5.6.3 Perceived discrimination 214 5.6.4 Self-evaluation of perceived discrimination 215 5.6.5 Self-evaluation of trust in institutions 216 5.6.6 Participation in institutions of political representation 218 5.6.7 Participation in professional organizations 219 5.6.8 Participation in ethnic professional organisations 219 5.6.9 Forms of socio-political participation 219 5.6.10 Evaluation of forms of socio-political participation 220 5.6.11 Forms of political communication 220 5.6.12 Levels of interest in the current affairs either of country of origin or Greece 221 5.6.13 Use of mass media 221 4 5.6.14 Self-evaluation of Greek mass media 223 5.6.15 Concluding remarks on social and political participation 224 5.7 Self-evaluation of obstacles to integration 226 CHAPTER SIX: SOCIO-ECONOMIC INTEGRATION – QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 232 6.1 Integration index and immigrant groups 232 6.2 Integration index and sample demographic profile 237 6.2.1 Integration index and gender 237 6.2.2 Integration index and age 239 6.2.3 Integration index and educational level 240 6.2.4 Integration index and years of residence in Greece 241 6.2.5 Integration index and legal status 242 6.3 Comparing the integration index of Greeks and immigrants 244 6.4 Results of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) 246 CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 250 7.1 Revisiting the research questions 250 7.2 Restating the contribution – originality of the thesis 251 7.3 Summary of the methodology and limitations 252 7.4 Summary of results 253 7.5 Discussion and policy recommendations 258 REFERENCES 267 ANNEX Α: Questionnaire 287 List of Figures Figure 1. Gender composition of the migrant population (%) 16 Figure 2. Permits of stay by purpose (2014) 17 Figure 3. Educational level of immigrant and Greek population (%) 18 Figure 4. Regular immigrant population Greece (2005-2012) 19 Figure 5. Unemployment rates by nationality group, 2002-2012 104 Figure 6. Overall immigrant population in Greece 111 Figure 7. Overall immigrant population in the Attica region 112 Figure 8. Overall immigrant population in Western Attica and Piraeus 113 Figure 9. Immigrant groups of the sample (%) 126 Figure 10. Gender by immigrant group (%) 126 Figure 11. Age groups by immigrant group (%) 127 Figure 12. Family status by immigrant group (%) 128 Figure 13. Educational level by immigrant group (%) 129 Figure 14. Years of residence by immigrant group (%) 131 Figure 15. Legal status by immigrant group (%) 132 Figure 16. Distribution of the general integration index 143 Figure 17. Stay permits 2004-2011 153 Figure 18. Working conditions by immigrant group (%) 153 Figure 19. Contractual status by immigrant group (%) 155 Figure 20. Fluctuations in stay permits 2004-2011 157 Figure 21. Reasons for unemployment by immigrant group (%) 158 Figure 22. Type of labour relations by immigrant group (%) 160 Figure 23. Occupation by immigrant group (%) 164 Figure 24. Self-evaluation of occupational status by immigrant group (%) 166 Figure 26. Type of residence (%) 181 Figure 25. Home ownership status by immigrant group (%) 181 Figure 27. Modes of finding a house by immigrant group (%) 184 Figure 28. Level of satisfaction with housing conditions (%) 187 Figure 29. Discrimination in the housing market (%) 188 Figure 30. Proficiency in the Greek language by immigrant group (%) 192 Figure 31. Level of knowledge of the Greek language of the overall sample (%) 193 Figure 32. Overall level of Greek language by group (%) 193 5 Figure 33. Helpfulness of Greek language classes (%) 195 Figure 34. 'Greek language classes were useful' (%) 196 Figure 35. Frequency of Greek language usage by category (%) 198 Figure 36. Frequency of meetings with co-ethnics, Greeks and others 201 Figure 37. Frequency of communication with relatives and friends by migrant group (%) 202 Figure 38. Types of support networks (%) 204 Figure 39. Willingness for friendships with natives, by group (%) 205 Figure 40. Familiarity with public institutions and services (%) 212 Figure 41. Familiarity with EU and independent organisations 213 Figure 42. Familiarity with professional and trade union organizations (%) 214 Figure 43. Interest in current affairs in Greece and in country of origin (%) 221 Figure 44. Mass media usage (%) 223 Figure 45. Self-evaluation of integration obstacles (%) 228 Figure 46. Discrimination and racism by indicator (%) 231 Figure 47. Integration index for Albanians by indicator 234 Figure 48. Integration index of Asians by indicator 234 Figure 49. Integration Index of East Europeans by indicator 235 Figure 50. Integration Index of immigrant groups by indicator 236 Figure 51. Comparison of integration index by gender 239 Figure 52. Comparison of integration index with age 240 Figure 53. Comparison of integration index with educational level 241 Figure 54. Comparison of integration indicators with relation to years of stay 242 Figure 55.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide to Enhance Cost Accounting in Municipal Waste Management in Greece
    GUIDE TO ENHANCE COST ACCOUNTING IN MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN GREECE FINAL REPORT VOL.1 25 FEBRUARY 2020 ISSUED BY: I.FRANTZIS & ASSOCIATES LTD AND BLACKFOREST SOLUTIONS GMBH BACKGROUND The Greek government asked the with the European Commission. European Commission (EC) for GIZ commissioned BlackForest support in specific areas (including Solutions GmbH (BFS) which the improvement of municipal waste formed a consortium including management, regulatory issues of international and national experts the waste sector, the management from Envero GmbH, INFA of specific waste categories) in order GmbH, Ressource Abfall GmbH, to raise the quality and quantity of BlackForest Solutions GmbH and recycling, to improve data quality I. Frantzis & Associates Ltd. to and to effectively use economic provide specific technical expertise instruments. To achieve the to GIZ and YPEN from July 2019 aforementioned goals, the Deutsche to mid-2020 by supporting four Gesellschaft für Internationale areas of intervention (AI) linked to Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ) the optimization of municipal waste provides “Technical support for management in Greece. The areas the implementation of the National of intervention are: Waste Management Plan (NWMP) of Greece” from 2018 to 2020. The project is funded by the European 1. SEPARATE COLLECTION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE Union (EU) via the Structural Reform 2. IMPROVEMENT OF COST Support Programme (SRSP) and ACCOUNTING IN MUNICIPAL the German Federal Ministry for WASTE MANAGEMENT Environment, Nature Conservation 3. USE OF ECONOMIC
    [Show full text]
  • 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS SECTION Tel.: 2103202049, Fax: 2103226371
    LIST OF BANK BRANCHES (BY HEBIC) 30/06/2015 BANK OF GREECE HEBIC BRANCH NAME AREA ADDRESS TELEPHONE NUMBER / FAX 0100001 HEAD OFFICE SECRETARIAT ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS SECTION tel.: 2103202049, fax: 2103226371 0100002 HEAD OFFICE TENDER AND ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS PROCUREMENT SECTION tel.: 2103203473, fax: 2103231691 0100003 HEAD OFFICE HUMAN ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS RESOURCES SECTION tel.: 2103202090, fax: 2103203961 0100004 HEAD OFFICE DOCUMENT ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS MANAGEMENT SECTION tel.: 2103202198, fax: 2103236954 0100005 HEAD OFFICE PAYROLL ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS MANAGEMENT SECTION tel.: 2103202096, fax: 2103236930 0100007 HEAD OFFICE SECURITY ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS SECTION tel.: 2103202101, fax: 210 3204059 0100008 HEAD OFFICE SYSTEMIC CREDIT ATHENS CENTRE 3, Amerikis, 102 50 ATHENS INSTITUTIONS SUPERVISION SECTION A tel.: 2103205154, fax: …… 0100009 HEAD OFFICE BOOK ENTRY ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS SECURITIES MANAGEMENT SECTION tel.: 2103202620, fax: 2103235747 0100010 HEAD OFFICE ARCHIVES ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS SECTION tel.: 2103202206, fax: 2103203950 0100012 HEAD OFFICE RESERVES ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS MANAGEMENT BACK UP SECTION tel.: 2103203766, fax: 2103220140 0100013 HEAD OFFICE FOREIGN ATHENS CENTRE 21, El. Venizelou Ave., 102 50 ATHENS EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS SECTION tel.: 2103202895, fax: 2103236746 0100014 HEAD OFFICE SYSTEMIC CREDIT ATHENS CENTRE 3, Amerikis, 102 50 ATHENS INSTITUTIONS SUPERVISION SECTION B tel.: 2103205041, fax: …… 0100015 HEAD OFFICE PAYMENT ATHENS CENTRE 3, Amerikis, 102 50 ATHENS SYSTEMS OVERSIGHT SECTION tel.: 2103205073, fax: …… 0100016 HEAD OFFICE ESCB PROJECTS CHALANDRI 341, Mesogeion Ave., 152 31 CHALANDRI AUDIT SECTION tel.: 2106799743, fax: 2106799713 0100017 HEAD OFFICE DOCUMENTARY ATHENS CENTRE 21, El.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hydrogeotechnical Integrated System for Water Resources 3 Management of Attica – Greece
    A Hydrog eotechnical Integrated System for Water Resources Management of Attica – Greece Dr. Costas Sachpazis , M.Sc., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Geotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of West Macedonia, Koila 50100, Kozani, Greece. e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Odysseus Manoliadis, M.Sc., Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of Geotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of West Macedonia, Koila 50100, Kozani, Greece. e-mail: [email protected] Athina Baronos , M.Sc. , Ph.D. Candidate Senior Lecturer, Department of Industrial Engineering and Design, Technological Educati onal Institute of West Macedonia, Koila 50100, Kozani, Greece. e-mail: [email protected] Chrysanthy Tsapraili , M.Sc. Assisting Laboratory Lecturer, Faculty of Management and Economy, Technological Educationa l Institute of West Macedonia, Koila 50100, Kozani, Greece. e-mail: [email protected] Abstract : In this paper an information management system used in Attica Greece that combines modeling with the integrated management of water, sewerage and storm water infrastructure is presented. From this information management system there are proposed certain public works that are grouped in two categories, i.e. works that are needed for the entire Attica district and have a general character for the whole region (1 st category works) and then, works that are specifically needed for every particular and individual municipality (2 nd category works). The first category consists of: Collection and Treatment of the Used Water Works, and Reuse of at least a portion of the Treated Wastewater Works, and the second category consists of: Flood Protection through Stormwater Storage Works, Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Aquifers Works, 1 2 Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Networking UNDERGROUND Archaeological and Cultural Sites: the CASE of the Athens Metro
    ing”. Indeed, since that time, the archaeological NETWORKING UNDERGROUND treasures found in other underground spaces are very often displayed in situ and in continu- ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ity with the cultural and archaeological spaces of the surface (e.g. in the building of the Central CULTURAL SITES: THE CASE Bank of Greece). In this context, the present paper presents OF THE ATHENS METRO the case of the Athens Metro and the way that this common use of the underground space can have an alternative, more sophisticated use, Marilena Papageorgiou which can also serve to enhance the city’s iden- tity. Furthermore, the case aims to discuss the challenges for Greek urban planners regarding the way that the underground space of Greece, so rich in archaeological artifacts, can become part of an integrated and holistic spatial plan- INTRODUCTION: THE USE OF UNDERGROUND SPACE IN GREECE ning process. Greece is a country that doesn’t have a very long tradition either in building high ATHENS IN LAYERS or in using its underground space for city development – and/or other – purposes. In fact, in Greece, every construction activity that requires digging, boring or tun- Key issues for the Athens neling (public works, private building construction etc) is likely to encounter an- Metropolitan Area tiquities even at a shallow depth. Usually, when that occurs, the archaeological 1 · Central Athens 5 · Piraeus authorities of the Ministry of Culture – in accordance with the Greek Archaeologi- Since 1833, Athens has been the capital city of 2 · South Athens 6 · Islands 3 · North Athens 7 · East Attica 54 cal Law 3028 - immediately stop the work and start to survey the area of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catastrophic Fire of July 2018 in Greece and the Report of the Independent Committee That Was Appointed by the Government To
    First General Assembly & 2nd MC meeting October 8-9, 2018, Sofia, Bulgaria The catastrophic fire of July 2018 in Greece and the Report of the Independent Committee that was appointed by the government to investigate the reasons for the worsening wildfire trend in the country Gavriil Xanthopoulos1, Ioannis Mitsopoulos2 1Hellenic Agricultural Organization "Demeter“, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems Athens, Greece, e-mail: [email protected] 2Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy Athens, Greece, e-mail: [email protected] The forest fire disaster in Attica, Greece, on 23 July, 2018 The situation on July 13, 2018 in Attica • On 13 July 2018, at 16:41, a wildfire broke out on the eastern slopes of Penteli mountain, 20 km NE of the center of Athens and 5.2 km from the eastern coast of Attica. • This happened on a day with very high fire danger predicted for Attica due to an unusually strong westerly wind, and while another wildfire, that had started earlier near the town of Kineta in west Attica, 50 km west of the center of Athens, was burning in full force, spreading through the town and threatening the largest refinery in the country. The smoke of the fire of Kineta as seen in the center of Athens at 13:08 Fire weather and vegetation condition • According to weather measurements at the National Observatory of Athens on Mt. Penteli, upwind of the fire, the prevailing wind was WNW with speeds ranging from 32 to 56 km/h for the first two hours after the fire start, with gusts of 50 to 89 km/h.
    [Show full text]
  • Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kallioras, Dimitris; Kandylis, Yorgos; Kromydakis, Nikos; Pantazis, Panagiotis Conference Paper Delineation of local labor markets in Greece on the basis of travel-to-work flows 51st Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "New Challenges for European Regions and Urban Areas in a Globalised World", 30 August - 3 September 2011, Barcelona, Spain Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Kallioras, Dimitris; Kandylis, Yorgos; Kromydakis, Nikos; Pantazis, Panagiotis (2011) : Delineation of local labor markets in Greece on the basis of travel-to-work flows, 51st Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "New Challenges for European Regions and Urban Areas in a Globalised World", 30 August - 3 September 2011, Barcelona, Spain, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119905 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence of Toxocara Canis Ova in Soil Samples Collected from Public Areas of Attica Prefecture, Greece»
    «PREVALENCE OF TOXOCARA CANIS OVA IN SOIL SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM PUBLIC AREAS OF ATTICA PREFECTURE, GREECE». Vasilios Papavasilopoulos, Ioannis Elefsiniotis, Konstantinos Birbas, Vassiliki Pitiriga, Corresp. Author: Papavasilopoulos Vasilios, National School of Public Health, 196 L. Alexandras Ampelokipoi Athens, PC Athanasios Tsakris, Gerasimos Bonatsos. 11521, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Methods Results Conclusions From March 2013 to May 2013, soil samples Toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused A total of 1510 soil sample were collected. All Attica Prefecture exhibited a high T. canis soil were collected from 33 most popular public six regions of Attica were contaminated with contamination rate, therefore individuals and by the larvae stage of roundworm Toxocara places of six large regions throughout the sp. The genus Toxocara includes more than T. canis ova. Of the total 1510 examined especially children might be at great risk for total area of Attica prefecture: (A) Central samples, T. canis ova were recovered from toxocariasis when exposed in public areas. 30 species, of which two are significant for Athens area, (B) West Attica area (C) North human infections: Toxocara canis 258 samples, suggesting an overall Preventive measures should be implemented suburbs area (D) Southern suburbs area (E) contamination proportion in Attica of 17.08%. in order to control the spread of this parasitic andToxocara cati. Toxocara canis (T. canis) Piraeus area (F) Elefsina area. The number are common inhabitants of the intestines of a (Table 2). infection. of soil samples taken from each place was high percentage of new-born puppies and analogous to its dimensions (Table 1). TOXOCARA SP.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Heritage in the Realm of the Commons: Conversations on the Case of Greece
    Stelios Lekakis Stelios Lekakis Edited by Edited by CulturalCultural heritageheritage waswas inventedinvented inin thethe realmrealm ofof nation-states,nation-states, andand fromfrom EditedEdited byby anan earlyearly pointpoint itit waswas consideredconsidered aa publicpublic good,good, stewardedstewarded toto narratenarrate thethe SteliosStelios LekakisLekakis historichistoric deedsdeeds ofof thethe ancestors,ancestors, onon behalfbehalf ofof theirtheir descendants.descendants. NowaNowa-- days,days, asas thethe neoliberalneoliberal rhetoricrhetoric wouldwould havehave it,it, itit isis forfor thethe benefitbenefit ofof thesethese tax-payingtax-paying citizenscitizens thatthat privatisationprivatisation logiclogic thrivesthrives inin thethe heritageheritage sector,sector, toto covercover theirtheir needsneeds inin thethe namename ofof socialsocial responsibilityresponsibility andand otherother truntrun-- catedcated viewsviews ofof thethe welfarewelfare state.state. WeWe areare nownow atat aa criticalcritical stage,stage, wherewhere thisthis doubledouble enclosureenclosure ofof thethe pastpast endangersendangers monuments,monuments, thinsthins outout theirtheir socialsocial significancesignificance andand manipulatesmanipulates theirtheir valuesvalues inin favourfavour ofof economisticeconomistic horizons.horizons. Conversations on the Case of Greece Conversations on the Case of Greece Cultural Heritage in the Realm of Commons: Cultural Heritage in the Realm of Commons: ThisThis volumevolume examinesexamines whetherwhether wewe cancan placeplace
    [Show full text]
  • Housing and the Construction Sector in the Urban Settlement of Refugees in Interwar Greece
    Economic policy and business after the “Asia Minor catastrophe” Housing and the construction sector in the urban settlement of refugees in interwar Greece Anna Mandilara The problem Although the period following the Balkan Wars and the First World War was marked by ethnic repression, the elites of South Eastern Europe as well as international organizations and business favored a broader governing philosophy and liberal economic policy. All Balkan governments saw themselves embarking on a policy of modernisation in which a strong central power would drag their country into the twentieth century by means of active social and economic reforms. Since, by almost all indicators, Balkan countries lagged behind the rest of Europe, the modernisers’ task was immense. It included four main projects: economic, political and social integration of the refugees, re-organisation of the state, legislative modernisation and economic policy. In Greece, while the majority of refugees settled as farmers in newly acquired land (in Macedonia, Epirus and Thrace), a substantial proportion of them (46 per cent) settled in the biggest towns: Athens, Piraeus and Thessaloniki. The immense task of housing was hampered by the absence of a uniform policy. It involved foreign and domestic resources, international loans, the establishment of a special international organization – the Refugee Settlement Commission, the issuing of national bond loans by the main institution for policy enactment at that time, the National Bank of Greece, and the involvement of the bank’s experts. Naturally, there were many incentives for new business. Greek entrepreneurs created large cement factories during the interwar period and made Greece one of the main exporters of cement in 20th century Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Kythera Summer Edition 2016
    τυ KYTHERA ISSUEΰ Summer Edition 2016 FOUNDERρΙΔΡΥΤΗΣό ©METAXIA POULOS • PUBLISHERό DIMITRIOS KYRIAKOPOULOS •ΰEDITORό DEBORAH PARSONS •ΰWRITERSό ELIAS ANAGNOSTOUν DIONYSIS ANEMOGIANNISν ASPASIA BEYERν JEAN BINGENν ANNA COMINOSν MARIA DEFTEREVOSν MARIANNA HALKIAν PAULA KARYDISν GEORGE LAMPOGLOUν KIRIAKI ORFANOSν PIA PANARETOSν ASPASIA PATTYν HELEN TZORTξ ZOPOULOSν CAMERON WEBB • ARTWORKό DAPHNE PETROHILOS• PHOTOGRAPHYόΰDIMITRIS BALTZISν CHRISSA FATSEASν VENIA KAROLIDOUν JAMES PRINEASν VAGELIS TSIGARIDASν STELLA ZALONI • PROOF READINGό JOY TATARAKIν PAULA CASSIMATIS •ΰLAYOUT & DESIGNό MYRTO BOLOTA • EDITORIALρADVERTISINGξΣΥΝΤΑΞΗρΔΙΑΦΗΜΙΣΕΙΣό ψ9φφξχχσωτςν eξmailό kseοσ99υ@yahooοgr FREE COMMUNITY PAPER • ΕΛΛΗΝΟξΑΓΓΛΙΚΗ ΕΚΔΟΣΗ • ΑΝΕΞ ΑΡΤΗΤΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΕΦΗΜΕΡΙΔΑ • ΔΙΑΝΕΜΕΤΑΙ ΔΩΡΕΑΝ George & Viola Haros and family wish everyone a Happy Summer in Kythera GOLD CASTLE JEWELLERY WE BELIEVE IN TAKING CARE OF OUR CUSTOMERS, Unbeatable prices for gold and silver SO THAT THEY CAN TAKE CARE OF THEIRS. A large selection of jewellery in ττKν σ8K & σ4K gold Traditional handξmade Byzantine icons wwwοstgeorgefoodserviceοcomοau Αμαλαμβάμξσμε ειδικέπ παοαγγελίεπ καςαρκεσήπ κξρμημάςωμ και εικϊμωμ All the right ingredients CHORA Kythera: 27360-31954 6945-014857 With a view of the Mediterranean EnjoyEnjoy restingresting inin anan idyllicidyllic environment that would make the gods jealous Νιώστε στιγμές πολύτιμης ξεκούρασης Nowhere but Porto Delfino Νιόρςε ρςιγμέπ πξλϋςιμεπ νεκξϋοαρηπ σε ρεένα έμα ειδυλλιακό ιδαμικϊ πεοιβάλλξμ περιβάλλον t. +30 27360 31940 +30
    [Show full text]
  • Visa & Residence Permit Guide for Students
    Ministry of Interior & Administrative Reconstruction Ministry of Foreign Affairs Directorate General for Citizenship & C GEN. DIRECTORATE FOR EUROPEAN AFFAIRS Immigration Policy C4 Directorate Justice, Home Affairs & Directorate for Immigration Policy Schengen Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www.ypes.gr www.mfa.gr Visa & Residence Permit guide for students 1 Index 1. EU/EEA Nationals 2. Non EU/EEA Nationals 2.a Mobility of Non EU/EEA Students - Moving between EU countries during my short-term visit – less than three months - Moving between EU countries during my long-term stay – more than three months 2.b Short courses in Greek Universities, not exceeding three months. 2.c Admission for studies in Greek Universities or for participation in exchange programs, under bilateral agreements or in projects funded by the European Union i.e “ERASMUS + (placement)” program for long-term stay (more than three months). - Studies in Greek universities (undergraduate, master and doctoral level - Participation in exchange programs, under interstate agreements, in cooperation projects funded by the European Union including «ERASMUS+ placement program» 3. Refusal of a National Visa (type D)/Rights of the applicant. 4. Right to appeal against the decision of the Consular Authority 5. Annex I - Application form for National Visa (sample) Annex II - Application form for Residence Permit Annex III - Refusal Form Annex IV - Photo specifications for a national visa application Annex V - Aliens and Immigration Departments Contacts 2 1. Students EU/EEA Nationals You will not require a visa for studies to enter Greece if you possess a valid passport from an EU Member State, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Activities Impact and Covid 19 Second Wave
    Social Activities Impact and Covid 19 Presented at the FIG e-WorkingSecond Week 2021, Wave: the Case of Thessaloniki, 21-25 June 2021 in Virtually in the Netherlands Greece Dionysia - Georgia Perperidou, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece Georgios Moschopoulos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece & Dimitrios Ampatzidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece FIG e-Working Week 2021 Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality Virtual, 21–25 June 2021 SARS - CoV-2 & COVID-19 first wave, Spring 2020 SARS - CoV-2 & COVID-19 global pandemic forced governments all around the word to take strict measures to reduce the spread of the virus from early 2020 Suspension of all face-to-face educational activities in Greece on 10 March 2020 On 22 March 2020 Greece was in total lockdown and all non-essential activities e.g. retail, entertainment, sports, religion activities were suspended along with suspensions to travels, travels between prefectures and travels for visits to family/ friends houses. For emergency purposes – daily shopping, doctor – visits, help to elders – and for personal training or dog walk, travels were allowed (first a text message ought to be sent or a personal declaration statement should be carried out and demonstrated in case of authorities control). From early March Greece’s authorities gradually suspended international air-flights. Strict border controls at border crossing took place as there was also suspension of international road travels. Only commercial international travels were permitted after justification to the authorities. Greece’s March 2020 total lockdown shield the Country from SARS - CoV-2 & COVID-19.
    [Show full text]