Hitoshi Tsuruma Advisor for Senior Chief Officer of Satellite Applications Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan’S Earth Observation Schedule

The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites CGMS-47 Plenary

Hitoshi Tsuruma Advisor for Senior Chief Officer of Satellite Applications Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Japan’s Earth Observation Schedule

Japanese 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Fiscal Year

ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 National Security Disaster ALOS-4 (SAR) Land ALOS-4 Follow-on Monitoring ALOS-3 (Optical) ALOS-3 Follow-on

Climate Change GCOM-W/AMSR-2 AMSR3 (hosted by GOSAT-2 Follow-on Mission) Water Cycle

Precipitation GPM/DPR

GCOM-C/SGLI Vegetation, Aerosol EarthCARE/CPR Clouds GOSAT/TANSO Greenhouse Gases GOSAT-2/TANSO2

GOSAT-2 Follow-on Mission

Extended Life Period On Orbit Development Study 1 Current JAXA Earth Observation Satellites Contributing to Societal Benefit

Climate Change Disaster Risk Management GOSAT GOSAT-2 GCOM-C

ALOS-2 Launched: Launched: 2009 Launched: Cloud/ 23 December 2017 29 October 2018 Aerosols/ Greenhouse Vegetation Gases

GCOM-W GPM

DPR: Precipitation Dual Frequency Land Surface Launched: 2014 Radar (Radar)

Launched: 2012 Water Launched: 2014 Cycling Courtesy of NASA NEWS Satellite Observation in Support of Improvement of GHG Inventory

[Old] 2006 IPCC Guidelines for GHG [New] Refinement to 2006 IPCC Guidelines for GHG Inventories Inventories Volume 1 Chapter 6: Quality Assurance /Quality Volume 1 Chapter 6: Quality Assurance/Quality Control and Control and Verification Verification

[6.10.2 Comparisons with atmospheric • Delete: Descriptions about limitation on availability of measurements] satellite observations (* the left) • Considering the limited monitoring network • Add: Many descriptions on usability and roles of satellite currently available for many of the greenhouse data as a comparison tool of inventories. Particularly, a gases and the resulting uncertainties in the new section of “Satellite Observations” are included. model results, inverse modeling is not likely to • Improvement of estimation accuracy of model by be frequently applied as a verification tool of satellite data utilization at the area that in-situ data is national inventories in the near future. Even not ready fully. the availability of satellite-borne sensors for • Prospects that satellite data estimation will quickly greenhouse gas concentration measurements improve because of increase in the number of will not fully resolve this problem, due to observations by new GHG observation satellites limitations in spatial, vertical and temporal (TROPOMI, GOSAT-2, GeoCarb, TanSat etc.) resolution (*). • Changes may be made due to copyediting and to ensure consistency with the approved Overview Chapter. Climate Change CO2 Emission in Lower Troposphere Observed by GOSAT Climate Change GPM/DPR Improves Operational Meso-scale Numerical Weather Prediction

W/O DPR

With DPR

Ground Observation

Water-cloud optical thickness Aerosol optical thickness Leaf area index PAR Chlorophyll-a conc.

Water-cloud effective radius Snow grain size Above ground biomass Land surface temperature Sea surface temperature

▲ GCOM-C provides 29 data Sea Surface Temperature Chlorophyll-A products.

◀ GCOM-C/SGLI 250-m resolution captured fine structures of ocean current and eddies. 2019/05/08 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) Measured by GCOM-W & C, GOSAT&GOSAT-2, GPM/DPR, and ALOS-2

Total Essential Climate Variables 54 Atmosphere Land Ocean (ECVs) ECVs measured by Atmospheric Biosphere Hydrosphere Physical GCOM-C&W, Surface Upper-air 25 Composition GPM/DPR and Above-ground Groundwater Ocean surface heat flux biomass GOSAT Precipitation Earth Aerosol and Sea ice Sea level Sea state radiation ozone budget precursors Albedo Lakes Sea surface currents by GCOM-C Evaporation from River discharge Sea surface salinity Pressure Lightning Aerosols land properties Sea surface stress Fire Anthroposphere Subsurface salinity by GCOM-W Radiation Temperature Carbon budget dioxide, Fraction of Anthropogenic Sea surface temperature methane & absorbed Greenhouse gas by GPM/DPR other photosynthetically fluxes Subsurface currents greenhouse active radiation Subsurface temperature gases (FAPAR) by GOSAT, GOSAT-2 Land cover Anthropogenic Biogeochemical water use Temperature Water vapour Cloud Inorganic carbon Transient tracers properties by ALOS-2 Land surface Nitrous oxide temperature Cryosphere Nutrients Water Wind speed Ozone Ocean colour Oxygen vapour & direction Leaf area index Glaciers Snow Soil carbon Ice sheets and ice Biological/ecosystems Wind speed shelves and Marine habitat properties direction Soil moisture Permafrost Plankton Future JAXA Earth Observation Satellites

2020-2021 2022 2022-2023

ALOS-3, ALOS4 EarthCARE GOSAT-2 Follow-on Mission Launch Launch / AMSR3 Land Launch Water Surface Cloud/Aerosol Cycling Radiation Budget

Land Surface

ALOS-3 GHG (Optical) CPR: (MOE Mission) Cloud Profiling Radar ALOS-4 (Radar) AMSR3 onboard GOSAT-2 Follow-on Mission

• Share the satellite bus with GOSAT-2 follow-on mission • GOSAT-2/TANSO-2 follow-on mission is led by Ministry of Environment  AMSR3 will have new high-frequency channels (166 & 183  GOSAT-2/TANSO-2 successor sensor will GHz) for solid precipitation retrievals and water vapor improve observation capability of analysis in numerical weather prediction. greenhouse gases. Capable of observing global precipitation AMSR-2 including high-latitude snowfall Successor Sensor

TANSO-2 Successor AMSR2 AMSR2 follow-on Sensor

Mission Targets • Understanding water cycle variation and impacts of climate change • Improvements in numerical weather prediction, typhoon analysis, etc. • Contributions to fisheries near coast • Contribution to navigation support in polar oceans 10 JMA-JAXA Collaboration Integration of ground-based & spaceborne rainfall JMA and JAXA are closely collaborating for developing regional integrated precipitation product by using ground/space observation Effect by “JMA x JAXA” Effect by “Ground x Space”

Rain rate [mm/h] Cloud by Himawari

Precipitation by ground radars

Precipitation by GSMaP

one-stop approach from R&D to Maximize the advantage of operation & application each dataset! 11 JMA-JAXA Collaboration Supporting for Improvement of Forecasting Aerosol Arrival 24 Hour-Forecast

Improved Fukuoka W/O Himawari Data With Himawari Data

Jeju Island Nagasaki better agreement

An example of Himawari Aerosol Optical Thickness  Himawari aerosol optical thickness (AOT) algorithm and the AOT assimilation system have been developed jointly by Kyushu University, Meteorological Research Institute and JAXA.  The satellite AOT assimilation has improved the forecast of aerosol arrival in 24 hours, thus Actual Observation JMA will start operational aerosol forecast in JFY 2019. by Himawari  In addition to Himawari, GCOM-C, GOSAT-2 and EarthCARE data will be assimilated in the based on Yumimoto et al. 2018 future. JAXA’s Open and Free EO Data and Services

Portal Name and URL G-Portal R Provides products of GPM, GCOM-W, GCOM-C, GOSAT, and Past Satellites and Sensors (MOS- 1/1b, JERS-1, ADEOS, ADEOS-II, Aqua/AMSR-E, TRMM/PR) https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/ (Contacts : z-gportal-support@ml.jaxa.jp) GSMaP: Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Provides hourly Global Rainfall Map in Near-Real-Time (GSMaP_NRT), available four hours after observation. (GPM-Core GMI, TRMM TMI, GCOM-W1 AMSR2, DMSP series SSMIS, NOAA series AMSU, MetOp series AMSU, and Geostationary IR) http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/index.htm (Contacts : [email protected]) JAXA Himawari Monitor Provides multi-satellite products from the Himawari Standard Data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) as well as the geophysical parameter data (Aerosol Optical Thickness, Sea Surface Temperature, Short Wave Radiation, Chlorophyll-a, Wild Fire, Photovoltaic Power, Cloud Optical Thickness and Cloud Type) produced by JAXA. https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ptree/index.html (Contacts : [email protected]) GDAS: GOSAT Data Archive Service (Operated by National Institute for Environmental Studies) Provides GOSAT products (Methane and CO2). https://data2.gosat.nies.go.jp/index_en.html (Contacts: [email protected]) For Our Sustainable Future

Images of the Earth about 340,000 km from the center of the Earth took by the Hayabusa2 after the swing-by on December 4, 2015.

Australian continent on the upper right, and Antarctica on the lower right. CO2/ GOSAT Land Surface Temp./GCOM-C Thank you for your attention.

Rainfall/ GSMAP Flooding Surfaces/ ALOS-2