Japan's Asteroid Missions Hayabusa and Hayabusa2
COPUOS 2013 February 15, 2013, Vienna, Austria Makoto Yoshikawa Hayabusa & Hayabusa2 Project Team, JAXA Lunar and Planetary Missions of Japan ×LUNAR- Hiten A
×Nozom Moon IKAROS 1985 i Moon Sakigake Kaguya 1990 Mars △Akatsuki 1998 Moon Suisei 2003 Hayabusa Venus 2007 BepiColombo 2010 2014
Comet Halley Asteroid Itokawa Hayabusa2 Mercury Asteroid 1999 JU3
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 2 Challenges of Hayabusa and Hayabusa2
Development of the technology for asteroid sample return
•Ion engine •Autonomous navigation •Sample collection system •Reentry capsule
Impactor system * Study of the origin and evolution of the solar system
Molecular cloud Proto solar system disk Solar system
Evolution of planets Minerals, H 2O *, Organic matters * (*Hayabusa2)
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 3 History of Hayabusa and Hayabusa2
Idea for sample Serious troubles return began in1985 in Hayabusa Now Year 200 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 Sample MUSES-C Hayabusa Analysis ▲ ▲ launch Earth return project Started Hayabusa Mk2 in 1996 Post MUSES-C Post Hayabusa Post Marco Polo Haybusa2
Launch Hyabusa2 Phase-B ▲
Initial proposal in 2006 New proposal in 2009 Copy of Hayabusa but modified Modified Hayabusa adding new challenges Target : C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 Target : C-type asteroid 1999 JU3 Launch: 2010 Launch: 2014
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 4 Starting point of Hayabusa
Small Meeting for Asteroid Sample Return Mission
ISAS June 29, 1985
Cover of meeting
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 5 Mission Scenario of Hayabusa
Observations, sampling
Earth Swingby Launch 19 May 2004 9 May 2003 Asteroid Arrival 12 Sept. 2005
Earth Return Serious 13 June 2010 troubles
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 6 Photo / Koji Ohnishi June 13, 2010 7 Engineering of Hayabusa 2003.05.09 2004.05.19 2005.09.12
2010.06.13
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 8 Images of Itokawa
Eastern Side Head
Bottom Western Side
9 9 Scientific Results from Remote Sensing
Before After
•Mass •Shape => volume •Density
Pyroxene Olivine
Pyroxene and Olivine
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 10 Scientific Results from Sample Initial Analysis o LL chondrite LL4 (~600 oC) LL5/6 (~800 oC) Catastrophic planetesimal impact
Formation of Thermal Itokawa parental metamorphism body (>20 km) (((<4.562 Ba )))
Escape rate Solar wind Re- (~10 cm/My) Micro- Galactic Re- meteoroids cosmic ray accumulation
Itokawa formation Rubble pile asteroid
Grain motion Space 100 m (150y~3My ))) weathering February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 11 Science Publications
2 June 2006 26 August 2011
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 12 Hayabusa2 Mission Outline
June 2018 : Arrival at 1999 JU3 Launch The spacecraft observes the asteroid, 2014 releases the small rovers and the lander, and executes multiple samplings.
The spacecraft carries Sample analysis an impactor. New Experiment
Earth Return Dec. 2020
Dec. 2019 : Departure
The impactor collides with 2019 the surface of the asteroid.
Samples will be obtained from the newly created crater.
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 13 Hayabusa vs. Hayabusa2 Hayabusa Hayabusa2 Size ::: 1m ×××1.6m ×××1.1 mmm Size ::: 1m ×××1.6m ×××1.25 m(m(m( body ))) (((body ))) Mass ::: 600kg (((Wet ))) Mass ::: 510kg (((Wet ))) (1)
(5) (3) (4) (2) (1) Communication : X-band + Ka-band (2) Ion engine : modified (3) Small lander : MASCOT(Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout ) from DLR (4) AOCS : 4 reaction wheels (5) Impactor February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 14 Target Asteroid : 1999 JU3
Current estimate: Orbit Itokawa
Rotation period: 7.625 ± 0.003 h * 1
Shape : almost spherical * 1 Mars Size : 0.87 ± 0.03 km * 2 Earth Albedo : 0.070 ± 0.006 * 2 H=18.69 ± 0.07, G=-0.09 ± 0.03 * 1
1.4 IRTF Type : Cg MMT 1 2 * :Kim et al. * :Mueller et al 1.2
1.0 Normalized Reflectance Reflectance Normalized Normalized Normalized Reflectance Reflectance Normalized Normalized
0.8 (by Mueller et al.) 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Wavelength(Wavelength(μμμμm)m)m)m) February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 15 International Cooperation on Hayabusa2
USA NASA
Europe DLR CNES
Australia SLASO/DIISR DoD/AOSG AQIS/AC
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 16 Importance of Small Solar System Bodies
Science Spaceguared To study the origin and To protect the earth from evolution of the solar collisions of the small solar system and life system bodies
Resource Manned mission To utilize the mineral, To be the target of manned metal and water, etc. mission before manned mission to Mars Engineering To move in the interplanetary space Culture freely To create new culture and educate new generation
February 15, 2013 COPUOS 2013 17