Updated Inflight Calibration of Hayabusa2's Optical Navigation Camera (ONC) for Scientific Observations During the C
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Hayabusa2 and the Formation of the Solar System PPS02-25
PPS02-25 JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017 Hayabusa2 and the formation of the Solar System *Sei-ichiro WATANABE1,2, Hayabusa2 Science Team2 1. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 2. JAXA/ISAS Explorations of small solar system bodies bring us direct and unique information about the formation and evolution of the Solar system. Asteroids may preserve accretion processes of planetesimals or pebbles, a sequence of destructive events induced by the gas-driven migration of giant planets, and hydrothermal processes on the parent bodies. After successful small-body missions like Rosetta to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Dawn to Vesta and Ceres, and New Horizons to Pluto, two spacecraft Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx are now traveling to dark primitive asteroids.The Hayabusa2 spacecraft journeys to a C-type near-earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu (1999 JU3) to conduct detailed remote sensing observations and return samples from the surface. The Haybusa2 spacecraft developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) was successfully launched on 3 Dec. 2014 by the H-IIA Launch Vehicle and performed an Earth swing-by on 3 Dec. 2015 to set it on a course toward its target. The spacecraft will reach Ryugu in the summer of 2018, observe the asteroid for 18 months, and sample surface materials from up to three different locations. The samples will be delivered to the Earth in Nov.-Dec. 2020. Ground-based observations have obtained a variety of optical reflectance spectra for Ryugu. Some reported the 0.7 μm absorption feature and steep slope in the short wavelength region, suggesting hydrated minerals. -
The Messenger
10th anniversary of VLT First Light The Messenger The ground layer seeing on Paranal HAWK-I Science Verification The emission nebula around Antares No. 132 – June 2008 –June 132 No. The Organisation The Perfect Machine Tim de Zeeuw a groundbased spectroscopic comple thousand each semester, 800 of which (ESO Director General) ment to the Hubble Space Telescope. are for Paranal. The User Portal has Italy and Switzerland had joined ESO in about 4 000 registered users and 1981, enabling the construction of the the archive contains 74 TB of data and This issue of the Messenger marks the 3.5m New Technology Telescope with advanced data products. tenth anniversary of first light of the Very pioneering advances in active optics, Large Telescope. It is an excellent occa crucial for the next step: the construction sion to look at the broader implications of the Very Large Telescope, which Winning strategy of the VLT’s success and to consider the received the green light from Council in next steps. 1987 and was built on Cerro Paranal in The VLT opened for business some five the Atacama desert between Antofagasta years after the Keck telescopes, but the and Taltal in Northern Chile. The 8.1m decision to take the time to build a fully Mission Gemini telescopes and the 8.3m Subaru integrated system, consisting of four telescope were constructed on a similar 8.2m telescopes and providing a dozen ESO’s mission is to enable scientific dis time scale, while the Large Binocular Tele foci for a carefully thoughtout comple coveries by constructing and operating scope and the Gran Telescopio Canarias ment of instruments together with four powerful observational facilities that are now starting operations. -
On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Martin Rubin, Cécile Engrand, Colin Snodgrass, Paul Weissman, Kathrin Altwegg, Henner Busemann, Alessandro Morbidelli, Michael Mumma To cite this version: Martin Rubin, Cécile Engrand, Colin Snodgrass, Paul Weissman, Kathrin Altwegg, et al.. On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Space Sci.Rev., 2020, 216 (5), pp.102. 10.1007/s11214-020-00718-2. hal-02911974 HAL Id: hal-02911974 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02911974 Submitted on 9 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Space Sci Rev (2020) 216:102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00718-2 On the Origin and Evolution of the Material in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko Martin Rubin1 · Cécile Engrand2 · Colin Snodgrass3 · Paul Weissman4 · Kathrin Altwegg1 · Henner Busemann5 · Alessandro Morbidelli6 · Michael Mumma7 Received: 9 September 2019 / Accepted: 3 July 2020 / Published online: 30 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Primitive objects like comets hold important information on the material that formed our solar system. Several comets have been visited by spacecraft and many more have been observed through Earth- and space-based telescopes. -
New Voyage to Rendezvous with a Small Asteroid Rotating with a Short Period
Hayabusa2 Extended Mission: New Voyage to Rendezvous with a Small Asteroid Rotating with a Short Period M. Hirabayashi1, Y. Mimasu2, N. Sakatani3, S. Watanabe4, Y. Tsuda2, T. Saiki2, S. Kikuchi2, T. Kouyama5, M. Yoshikawa2, S. Tanaka2, S. Nakazawa2, Y. Takei2, F. Terui2, H. Takeuchi2, A. Fujii2, T. Iwata2, K. Tsumura6, S. Matsuura7, Y. Shimaki2, S. Urakawa8, Y. Ishibashi9, S. Hasegawa2, M. Ishiguro10, D. Kuroda11, S. Okumura8, S. Sugita12, T. Okada2, S. Kameda3, S. Kamata13, A. Higuchi14, H. Senshu15, H. Noda16, K. Matsumoto16, R. Suetsugu17, T. Hirai15, K. Kitazato18, D. Farnocchia19, S.P. Naidu19, D.J. Tholen20, C.W. Hergenrother21, R.J. Whiteley22, N. A. Moskovitz23, P.A. Abell24, and the Hayabusa2 extended mission study group. 1Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA ([email protected]) 2Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Kanagawa, Japan 3Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan 4Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan 5National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan 6Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan 7Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan 8Japan Spaceguard Association, Okayama, Japan 9Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan 10Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea 11Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 12University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 13Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan 14University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan 15Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan 16National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Iwate, Japan 17National Institute of Technology, Oshima College, Yamaguchi, Japan 18University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan 19Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA 20University of Hawai’i, Manoa, HI, USA 21University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA 22Asgard Research, Denver, CO, USA 23Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA 24NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA 1 Highlights 1. -
Planetary Science Division Status Report
Planetary Science Division Status Report Jim Green NASA, Planetary Science Division January 26, 2017 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommiBee Outline • Planetary Science ObjecFves • Missions and Events Overview • Flight Programs: – Discovery – New FronFers – Mars Programs – Outer Planets • Planetary Defense AcFviFes • R&A Overview • Educaon and Outreach AcFviFes • PSD Budget Overview New Horizons exploresPlanetary Science Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Ascertain the content, origin, and evoluFon of the Solar System and the potenFal for life elsewhere! 01/08/2016 As the highest resolution images continue to beam back from New Horizons, the mission is onto exploring Kuiper Belt Objects with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera from unique viewing angles not visible from Earth. New Horizons is also beginning maneuvers to be able to swing close by a Kuiper Belt Object in the next year. Giant IcebergsObjecve 1.5.1 (water blocks) floatingObjecve 1.5.2 in glaciers of Objecve 1.5.3 Objecve 1.5.4 Objecve 1.5.5 hydrogen, mDemonstrate ethane, and other frozenDemonstrate progress gasses on the Demonstrate Sublimation pitsDemonstrate from the surface ofDemonstrate progress Pluto, potentially surface of Pluto.progress in in exploring and progress in showing a geologicallyprogress in improving active surface.in idenFfying and advancing the observing the objects exploring and understanding of the characterizing objects The Newunderstanding of Horizons missionin the Solar System to and the finding locaons origin and evoluFon in the Solar System explorationhow the chemical of Pluto wereunderstand how they voted the where life could of life on Earth to that pose threats to and physical formed and evolve have existed or guide the search for Earth or offer People’sprocesses in the Choice for Breakthrough of thecould exist today life elsewhere resources for human Year forSolar System 2015 by Science Magazine as exploraon operate, interact well as theand evolve top story of 2015 by Discover Magazine. -
Concepts & Synthesis
CONCEPTS & SYNTHESIS EMPHASIZING NEW IDEAS TO STIMULATE RESEARCH IN ECOLOGY Ecological Monographs, 81(3), 2011, pp. 349–405 Ó 2011 by the Ecological Society of America Regulation of animal size by eNPP, Bergmann’s rule, and related phenomena 1,3 2 MICHAEL A. HUSTON AND STEVE WOLVERTON 1Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666 USA 2University of North Texas, Department of Geography, Denton, Texas 76203-5017 USA Abstract. Bergmann’s rule, which proposes a heat-balance explanation for the observed latitudinal gradient of increasing animal body size with increasing latitude, has dominated the study of geographic patterns in animal size since it was first proposed in 1847. Several critical reviews have determined that as many as half of the species examined do not fit the predictions of Bergmann’s rule. We have proposed an alternative hypothesis for geographic variation in body size based on food availability, as regulated by the net primary production (NPP) of plants, specifically NPP during the growing season, or eNPP (ecologically and evolutionarily relevant NPP). Our hypothesis, ‘‘the eNPP rule,’’ is independent of latitude and predicts both spatial and temporal variation in body size, as well as in total population biomass, population growth rates, individual health, and life history traits of animals, including humans, wherever eNPP varies across appropriate scales of space or time. In the context of a revised interpretation of the global patterns of NPP and eNPP, we predict contrasting latitudinal correlations with body size in three distinct latitudinal zones. The eNPP rule explains body- size patterns that are consistent with Bergmann’s rule, as well as two distinct types of contradictions of Bergmann’s rule: the lack of latitudinal patterns within the tropics, and the decline in body size above approximately 608 latitude. -
An Overview of Hayabusa2 Mission and Asteroid 162173 Ryugu
Asteroid Science 2019 (LPI Contrib. No. 2189) 2086.pdf AN OVERVIEW OF HAYABUSA2 MISSION AND ASTEROID 162173 RYUGU. S. Watanabe1,2, M. Hira- bayashi3, N. Hirata4, N. Hirata5, M. Yoshikawa2, S. Tanaka2, S. Sugita6, K. Kitazato4, T. Okada2, N. Namiki7, S. Tachibana6,2, M. Arakawa5, H. Ikeda8, T. Morota6,1, K. Sugiura9,1, H. Kobayashi1, T. Saiki2, Y. Tsuda2, and Haya- busa2 Joint Science Team10, 1Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan ([email protected]), 2Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Japan, 3Auburn University, U.S.A., 4University of Aizu, Japan, 5Kobe University, Japan, 6University of Tokyo, Japan, 7National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Japan, 8Research and Development Directorate, JAXA, Japan, 9Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 10Hayabusa2 Project Summary: The Hayabusa2 mission reveals the na- Combined with the rotational motion of the asteroid, ture of a carbonaceous asteroid through a combination global surveys of Ryugu were conducted several times of remote-sensing observations, in situ surface meas- from ~20 km above the sub-Earth point (SEP), includ- urements by rovers and a lander, an active impact ex- ing global mapping from ONC-T (Fig. 1) and TIR, and periment, and analyses of samples returned to Earth. scan mapping from NIRS3 and LIDAR. Descent ob- Introduction: Asteroids are fossils of planetesi- servations covering the equatorial zone were performed mals, building blocks of planetary formation. In partic- from 3-7 km altitudes above SEP. Off-SEP observa- ular carbonaceous asteroids (or C-complex asteroids) tions of the polar regions were also conducted. Based are expected to have keys identifying the material mix- on these observations, we constructed two types of the ing in the early Solar System and deciphering the global shape models (using the Structure-from-Motion origin of water and organic materials on Earth [1]. -
Chicago Wilderness Region Urban Forest Vulnerability Assessment
United States Department of Agriculture CHICAGO WILDERNESS REGION URBAN FOREST VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND SYNTHESIS: A Report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework Chicago Wilderness Pilot Project Forest Service Northern Research Station General Technical Report NRS-168 April 2017 ABSTRACT The urban forest of the Chicago Wilderness region, a 7-million-acre area covering portions of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the Chicago Wilderness region to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how nonnative species and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening the urban forest of the Chicago Wilderness region. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, land-use change, development, and fragmentation. Observed trends in climate over the historical record from 1901 through 2011 show a temperature increase of 1 °F in the Chicago Wilderness region. Precipitation increased as well, especially during the summer. -
Argops) Solution to the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition
AAS 17-621 THE ASTRODYNAMICS RESEARCH GROUP OF PENN STATE (ARGOPS) SOLUTION TO THE 2017 ASTRODYNAMICS SPECIALIST CONFERENCE STUDENT COMPETITION Jason A. Reiter,* Davide Conte,1 Andrew M. Goodyear,* Ghanghoon Paik,* Guanwei. He,* Peter C. Scarcella,* Mollik Nayyar,* Matthew J. Shaw* We present the methods and results of the Astrodynamics Research Group of Penn State (ARGoPS) team in the 2017 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference Student Competition. A mission (named Minerva) was designed to investigate Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 in order to determine its mass and volume and to map and characterize its surface. This data would prove useful in determining the necessity and usefulness of future missions to the asteroid. The mission was designed such that a balance between cost and maximizing objectives was found. INTRODUCTION Asteroid (469219) 2016 HO3 was discovered recently and has yet to be explored. It lies in a quasi-orbit about the Earth such that it will follow the Earth around the Sun for at least the next several hundred years providing many opportunities for relatively low-cost missions to the body. Not much is known about 2016 HO3 except a general size range, but its close proximity to Earth makes a scientific mission more feasible than other near-Earth objects. A Request For Proposal (RFP) was provided to university teams searching for cost-efficient mission design solutions to assist in the characterization of the asteroid and the assessment of its potential for future, more in-depth missions and possible resource utilization. The RFP provides constraints on launch mass, bus size as well as other mission architecture decisions, and sets goals for scientific mapping and characterization. -
A Ballistics Analysis of the Deep Impact Ejecta Plume: Determining Comet Tempel 1’S Gravity, Mass, and Density
Icarus 190 (2007) 357–390 www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus A ballistics analysis of the Deep Impact ejecta plume: Determining Comet Tempel 1’s gravity, mass, and density James E. Richardson a,∗,H.JayMeloshb, Carey M. Lisse c, Brian Carcich d a Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA b Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA c Planetary Exploration Group, Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA d Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA Received 31 March 2006; revised 8 August 2007 Available online 15 August 2007 Abstract − In July of 2005, the Deep Impact mission collided a 366 kg impactor with the nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1, at a closing speed of 10.2 km s 1. In this work, we develop a first-order, three-dimensional, forward model of the ejecta plume behavior resulting from this cratering event, and then adjust the model parameters to match the flyby-spacecraft observations of the actual ejecta plume, image by image. This modeling exercise indicates Deep Impact to have been a reasonably “well-behaved” oblique impact, in which the impactor–spacecraft apparently struck a small, westward-facing slope of roughly 1/3–1/2 the size of the final crater produced (determined from initial ejecta plume geometry), and possessing an effective strength of not more than Y¯ = 1–10 kPa. The resulting ejecta plume followed well-established scaling relationships for cratering in a medium-to-high porosity target, consistent with a transient crater of not more than 85–140 m diameter, formed in not more than 250–550 s, for the case of Y¯ = 0 Pa (gravity-dominated cratering); and not less than 22–26 m diameter, formed in not less than 1–3 s, for the case of Y¯ = 10 kPa (strength-dominated cratering). -
Initial Analysis Team Introduction
Summary and contents of the press conference Overview • Since the return of the sample in December of last year, curation activities have been conducted for the initial analysis of the sample. • Curation activities are aimed at cataloguing the sample without compromising the scientific value in order to provide information that contributes to further detailed scientific analysis. • Today’s report is that part of the catalogued sample is ready for delivery. Contents 1. Report from the curation team (T. Usui, E. Nakamura, M. Ito) 2. Report from the initial analysis teamS. TachibanaH. YurimotoT. Nakamura T. NoguchiR. OkazakiH. YabutaH. Naraoka 2021/6/17 Hayabusa2 reporter briefing 2 Report from the curation team Tomohiro USUIJAXA Eizo NAKAMURAOkayama University Motoo ITOJAMSTEC Ryugu sample curation work The initial description of the Ryugu sample was performed without removing the sample from the clean chamber, in order to avoid contamination from the global environment CC3-1 Opening the sample container under vacuum environment CC3-2 Sample collection under vacuum CC3-3 Transition from vacuum to nitrogen environment CC4-1 Handling of submillimeter-sized particles CC4-2 Handling / observation / sorting of relatively large particles (> mm) 2021/6/17 Hayabusa2 reporter briefing 4 Achievement of the world’s first sample collection and storage of asteroid samples under vacuum conditions Samples collected under vacuum on December 15, 2020 will not be distributed at this time, but continued to be stored under vacuum (CC3-2) for future -
Stardust Sample Return
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Stardust Sample Return Press Kit January 2006 www.nasa.gov Contacts Merrilee Fellows Policy/Program Management (818) 393-0754 NASA Headquarters, Washington DC Agle Stardust Mission (818) 393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Vince Stricherz Science Investigation (206) 543-2580 University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. Contents General Release ............................................................................................................... 3 Media Services Information ……………………….................…………….................……. 5 Quick Facts …………………………………………..................………....…........…....….. 6 Mission Overview …………………………………….................……….....……............…… 7 Recovery Timeline ................................................................................................ 18 Spacecraft ………………………………………………..................…..……...........……… 20 Science Objectives …………………………………..................……………...…..........….. 28 Why Stardust?..................…………………………..................………….....………............... 31 Other Comet Missions .......................................................................................... 33 NASA's Discovery Program .................................................................................. 36 Program/Project Management …………………………........................…..…..………...... 40 1 2 GENERAL RELEASE: NASA PREPARES FOR RETURN OF INTERSTELLAR CARGO NASA’s Stardust mission is nearing Earth after a 2.88 billion mile round-trip journey