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Planetary Science Division Status Report Jim Green NASA, Planetary Science Division January 26, 2017 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommiBee Outline • Planetary Science ObjecFves • Missions and Events Overview • Flight Programs: – Discovery – New FronFers – Mars Programs – Outer Planets • Planetary Defense AcFviFes • R&A Overview • Educaon and Outreach AcFviFes • PSD Budget Overview New Horizons exploresPlanetary Science Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Ascertain the content, origin, and evoluFon of the Solar System and the potenFal for life elsewhere! 01/08/2016 As the highest resolution images continue to beam back from New Horizons, the mission is onto exploring Kuiper Belt Objects with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera from unique viewing angles not visible from Earth. New Horizons is also beginning maneuvers to be able to swing close by a Kuiper Belt Object in the next year. Giant IcebergsObjecve 1.5.1 (water blocks) floatingObjecve 1.5.2 in glaciers of Objecve 1.5.3 Objecve 1.5.4 Objecve 1.5.5 hydrogen, mDemonstrate ethane, and other frozenDemonstrate progress gasses on the Demonstrate Sublimation pitsDemonstrate from the surface ofDemonstrate progress Pluto, potentially surface of Pluto.progress in in exploring and progress in showing a geologicallyprogress in improving active surface.in idenFfying and advancing the observing the objects exploring and understanding of the characterizing objects The Newunderstanding of Horizons missionin the Solar System to and the finding locaons origin and evoluFon in the Solar System explorationhow the chemical of Pluto wereunderstand how they voted the where life could of life on Earth to that pose threats to and physical formed and evolve have existed or guide the search for Earth or offer People’sprocesses in the Choice for Breakthrough of thecould exist today life elsewhere resources for human Year forSolar System 2015 by Science Magazine as exploraon operate, interact well as theand evolve top story of 2015 by Discover Magazine. Formulation Implementation Primary Ops BepiColombo Lunar Extended Ops (ESA) Reconnaissance Orbiter Lucy New Horizons Psyche Juno Dawn Cassini (NASA/ESA) ExoMars 2016 MAVEN MRO (ESA) Mars Express JUICE (ESA) Mars (ESA) Odyssey OSIRIS-REx ExoMars 2020 (ESA) Mars Rover Opportunity Curiosity InSight 2020 Rover Rover NEOWISE Europa Planetary Science Missions Events 2016 March – Launch of ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter * Completed July 4 – Juno inserted in Jupiter orbit September 8 – Launch of Asteroid mission OSIRIS – REx to asteroid Bennu September 30 – Landing Rosetta on comet CG October 19 – ExoMars EDM landing and TGO orbit insertion December 11 – Juno second science perijove pass 2017 January 4 – Discovery Mission selection announced February 2 - Juno third science perijove pass February 9-20 - OSIRIS-REx begins Earth-Trojan search April 22 – Cassini begins plane change maneuver for the “Grand Finale” September 15 – Cassini enters Saturn and completes mission September 22 – OSIRIS-REx Earth flyby 2018 May 5 - Launch InSight mission to Mars August – OSIRIS-REx arrival at Bennu October – Launch of ESA’s BepiColombo November 26 – Insight landing on Mars 2019 January 1 – New Horizons flyby of Kuiper Belt object 2014MU69 Discovery Program Discovery Program Mars evolu1on: Lunar formaon: NEO characteriscs: Solar wind sampling: Mars Pathfinder (1996-1997) Lunar Prospector (1998-1999) NEAR (1996-1999) Genesis (2001-2004) Completed Comet diversity: Nature of dust/coma: Comet internal structure: Lunar Internal Structure CONTOUR (2002) Stardust (1999-2011) Deep Impact (2005-2012) GRAIL (2011-2012) Completed Mercury environment: Main-belt asteroids: Lunar surFace: ESA/Mercury SurFace: Mars Interior: MESSENGER (2004-2015) Dawn (2007-TBD) LRO (2009-TBD) Strofio (2017-TBD) InSight (2018) Discovery Selecons 2017 Lucy: Surveying the Diversity Psyche: Journey to a Metal World of Trojan Asteroids PI: Linda Elkins-Tanton, ASU PI: Harold Levison, SwRI Deep-Space Optical Comm (DSOC) Discovery Selecons 2017 The Discovery Program selecFon of NEOCam for an extended Phase A effort is an acknowledgement that, even though it was not selected for full mission implementaon, it is an important capability for the Agency that will conFnue formulaon efforts to address issues idenFfied in the Discovery evaluaon process. NEOCam: Near-Earth Object Camera PI: Amy Mainzer, JPL New FronFers Program New FronFers Program 1st NF mission 2nd NF mission 3rd NF mission New Horizons: Juno: OSIRIS-REx: Pluto-Kuiper Belt Jupiter Polar Orbiter Asteroid Sample Return Launched January 2006 Launched August 2011 Launched September 2016 Flyby July 14, 2015 Arrived July 4, 2016 PI: Dante LaureBa (UA) PI: Alan Stern (SwRI-CO) PI: ScoB Bolton (SwRI-TX) New Horizons MU69 Next KBO Target Next Size ~30 miles Pluto’s Rotaon Charon’s Orbit Period 153.36 hours Juno Spacecra and Payload SPACECRAFT DIMENSIONS Diameter: 66 feet (20 meters) Height: 15 feet (4.5 meters) JunoCam UVS Waves (2 detectors) JEDI JIRAM (6 sensors ) JADE Gravity Science (4 sensors ) (2 sensors) Magnetometer (2 sensors, 4 support cameras) MWR (6 sensors ) Jupiter Orbit InserFon July 4, 2016 Orbital Trajectory JOI, PRM & JOI burn Fme is on July 4, Other Perijoves 8:18 – 8:53 PM PDT CiFzen ScienFst Roman Tkachenko 15 South Pole Aurora OSIRIS-REx • Return and analyze a sample of Bennu’s surface • Map the asteroid & document the sample site • Measure the Yarkovsky effect Launched Sept 2016 OSIRIS-REx • Flight data as of 1300 UTC on Nov 10: – Distance from Earth: 25.4 M miles – One way light Fme: 2 min 16.3 sec – Distance to Bennu: 133.0M miles • Feb 8-20, the OSIRIS-REx spacecra will acFvate its onboard camera suite and commence a search for Earth-Trojan asteroids at L4 – a good test of the system 18 Bennu as a PotenFal Hazardous Object • In 2135 Bennu will pass between the Earth and the Moon • During that encounter it may go through a “keyhole” in which the Earth’s gravity would tweak Bennu’s trajectory and put it on a collision course with Earth • OISIRS-REx will clarify the sources of instabiliFes in Bennu’s orbit Evoluon in Bennu’s Orbit Next New FronFers Program AO InvesFgaons (listed without priority): – Comet Surface Sample Return – Enceladus – Lunar South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return – Saturn Probe – Titan – Trojan Tour and Rendezvous – Venus In Situ Explorer Release of final AO........................................... December 9, 2016 Preproposal Conference …………....................... January 20, 2016 Electronic Proposal SubmiBal Deadline............ April 28, 2017 Step-1 SelecFons Announced (target).............. November 2017 Phase A Concept Study Reports due................. December 2018 Downselecon for Flight (target)...................... July 2019 (target) Launch Readiness Date..................................... NLT Dec. 31, 2025 Location of the Landers & Rovers Phoenix 60˚ Viking 2 30˚ ExoMars Viking 1 Pathfinder InSight 0˚ Opportunity Curiosity Latitude Spirit -30˚ No longer Operating Operating -60˚ Future 180˚ 210˚ 240˚ 270˚ 300˚ 330˚ 0˚ 30˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 150˚ 180˚ East Longitude Landing site for NASA’s Mars 2020 Rover has not been determined An Ancient Habitable Environment Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS Seeking signs of life: Mars 2020 Rover Conduct rigorous Enable the future in situ science Critical ISRU and Geologically technology diverse site of demonstration ancient required for habitability future Mars exploration Coordinated, nested context and fine-scale Returnable cache measurements of samples 25 Potential Exploration Zones 27 Outer Planets Program Cassini’s Orbits (2004-Present) Cassini’s Final Orbits Saturn’s Giant Hurricanes Europa MulF-Flyby Mission Concept Overview Science Objecve Descripon Characterize the ice shell and any subsurface water, including their heterogeneity, Ice Shell & Ocean and the nature of surface-ice-ocean exchange Understand the habitability of Europa's ocean through composiFon and Composion chemistry. Understand the formaon of surface features, including sites of recent or current Geology acFvity, and characterize high science interest localiFes. Characterize scienFfically compelling sites, and hazards for a potenFal future Recon landed mission to Europa • Conduct 45 low alFtude flybys with lowest 25 km (less than the ice crust) and a vast majority below 100 km to obtain global regional coverage • Traded enormous amounts of fuel used to get into Europa orbit for shielding (lower total dose) • Simpler operaons strategy • No need for real Fme down link Lander Concept Studies Are ConFnuing Near Earth Objects Program Planetary Defense Coordinaon Office Administrator Associate Administrator Associate Administrator, Science Mission Directorate Planetary Science Division Program Director Lead Program ExecuFve Public Communicaons Planetary Defense Officer Policy Development NEO Observaon Program Interagency and MiFgaon Research Program Manager Emergency Response Program Officer(s) Program ScienFst Program Officer(s) – SMPAG – Minor Planet Center/IAWN – Interagency coordinaon – ARM Gravity Tractor Demo – Center for NEO Studies @ JPL – Emergency Response planning – AIDA – Catalina Sky Survey – Interagency exercise – Short Warning MiFgaon – Pan-STARRS – …….. – LINEAR/SST – IRTF – GSSR – NEOWISE – …….. Legacy Program (1998) NEA Survey Status 15,409 – All 7,474 – 140m+ 872 - 1km+ 35 NEA Survey Rate – All Sizes 36 Near Earth Asteroid Survey Status If Population 140 meters and greater is ~ 25,500 = 100% 37 LSST NEO Survey Study • Jointly sponsored by NASA - NSF to reach consensus posiFon on benefits •
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