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- 1 - Venona Project Special Studies Transcribed by Students of the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies Arranged by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, 2010 COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 2 UNIDENTIFIED COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 86 COVER NAMES IN SAN FRANCISCO TRAFFIC p. 92 COVER NAMES IN WASHINGTON TRAFFIC p. 123 ADDITIONAL COVERNAMES AND RELATED INFORMATION IN DIPLOMATIC TRAFFIC p. 127 REVISED TRANSLATION OF MESSAGE ON ANTENNA-LIBERAL'S WIFE ETHEL p. 135 THE COVERNAMES "ANTENNA" AND "LIBERAL" IN . MESSAGES p. 139 ESSAGES IN . INVOLVING THE COVERNAME"ENORMOZ" AND THE NAMES OF NUCLEAR PHYSICISTS, ETC. p. 147 UNDATED REPORT OF MEREDITH GARDNER p. 155 DEVELOPMENT OF THE “G--“HOMER” [“GOMER”] CASE p. 158 THE KOMAR (KRAVCHENKO) AFFAIR IN . MESSAGES p. 161 REVISED TRANSLATION OF TWO . MESSAGES ON CHANGES IN COVERNAMES p. 170 THE COVERNAME "KARAS" IN. TRAFFIC p. 178 THE COVERNAMES "TÉNOR", "BAS", AND "CHETÁ" (? IN . TRAFFIC p. 181 - 2 - Special Study Cover Names in New York Traffic - 3 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ 19 N.Y. to M. 812 29053 JKI 06 T1022 1B-1910 0027A ABRAM N.Y. to M. 992 24063 JKR 14 T872√ 1B-7518 0005A JACK SOBLE 1086 06073 JKV 48 T873√ 2A-0011 1957 29113 NNNNNN T939√ 625 04054 JHD 48 T916√ 851 15064 JIJ 40 T10.1√ 1146 10084 JHM 41 T123√ 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301√ (to ChEKh) 0005B 1353 23094 JHO 42 T289√ 1449 12104 JIL 37 T106√ 1754 14124 JHZ 49 T6√ 48 11015 JHV 37 (NSA)T1941 AVGUR 2A-0013 1638 (AUGUR) N.Y. to M. 652 09054 JIE 32 T152 √ 7009 0006A AVRAAM N.Y. to M. 1644 09103 NNNNNN T1638√ 1B-7823 0887 5361 0007A AVTOR 2A-0037 0008A [AUTHOR] N.Y. to M. 1341 21094 JHO 31 T105√ VLADIMIR BORISOVICH N.Y. to M.00943 04094 JHG 25 T241√ MORKOVIN ADA N.Y. to M. 2000 10123 JSW 19 2A-0064 0001 Kitty Harris Browder? 0008A ADAM M. to N.Y. 292 29035 JKQ 35 T765√ 2A-0065 REBECCA GETZOFF? 0010A N.Y. to M. 826 07064 JIH 42 T224.3√ 851 15064 JIJ 40 T10.1√ 907 26064 JHE 06 T140√ 942 04074 JHG 14 T59 √ 0011A AIDA N.Y. to M. 640 06054 JIE 20 (NSA)-- 2A-0092 1649 ESTHER TREBACH 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301 (to KLO) RAND 0011B T1780, AKIM M. to N.Y. 417 28062 MB 11-29 NSA 2A-0096 2843 SERGEJ GRIGORIEVICH 840 196 03035 JJT 88 T1009√ 0012A LUKYANOV 241 17035 JKO 11 (NSA)√ 303 01045 JKR 04 T1097√ 319 05045 JKR 27 (NSA)√ 350 11045 JKT 20 (NSA)√ 474 12055 JJX 84 T230√ - 4 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ AKIM N.Y. to M. 959 08072 MB 42-21 T900√ 2A-0096 2843 0012 (Cont'd) 899 11063 JKM 11 T1826√ 969 22063 JKQ 05 T1385√ 1047 02073 JKT 50 √ 579 28044 JIG 02 T406√ 770 30054 JIF 38 T507√ 854 16064 JIJ 47 T38√ 863 16064 JHP 18 T58√ 864 16064 JHP 13 T328√ 928 01074 JHE 47 T1168√ 1071 28074 JHK 16 T62√ 1090 30074 JHK 45 T529√ 1133 07084 JHM 07 (NSA)√ 1140 09084 JHM 19 T50.1√ 1200 23084 JHB 17 T370√ 1207 23084 JHB 26 T50.2√ 1208 23084 JHB 27 T80 . 1504 21104 JHQ 46 T167√ 1558 06114 JHY 22 T433√ 1622 20114 JIB 38 T421√ 1638 21114 JHS 05 T422.1√ 1661 28114 JHS 16 T423√ 1730 08124 JHZ 28 T422.2√ 1828 28124 JHU 38 T168.2√ 2101 24123 JSO 42 √ AL N.Y. to M. 596 01054 JIG 16 T417√ 2A-0114 0013A ALAN M. to N.Y. 227 13035 JKN 38 T737√ 2A-0114 0147 RALPH BOWEN 0115 4077 ALEKSANDR N.Y. to M. 899 11063 JKM 12 T1826√ 2A-0118 0015A 968 22063 JKQ 02 T788√ 1B-9050 148 29014 (NNNNN (NSA) √ 620 04054 JHD 39 T466√ 722 19054 JIP 04 T131√ 1031 24074 JHI 11 T276√ 1090 30074 JHK 44 T529√ 1142 10084 JHM 23 T399.1√ 1470 17104 JHQ 21 T1214√ M. TO N.Y. 448 09072 NNNNNN (NSA)√ ALEKSANDROV M. to N.Y. 163 19025 JNA 16 T1102√ 2A-0118 4891 0016A 239 17035 JKN 49 T1103√ 243 18035 JKO 13 T1353√ N.Y. to M. 1322 15094 JIO 02 T43√ 1586 12114 JHY 48 T87√ - 5 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ ALEKSEJ M. to N.Y. 709 05075 JJY 54 T223 √ 2A-0119 00xxA ANATOLIJ ANTOROVICH YAKOVLEV N.Y. to M. 585 29044 JIG 42 T108√ 601 02054 JHD 08 T154. 656 09054 JIE 42 T450√ 736 22054 JID 21 T9.1√ 852 16064 JIJ 42 T416√ 1137 08084 JHM 08 T401√ 1146 10084 JHM 42 T123√ 1233 29084 JHB 48 T499√ 1275 07094 JHN 39 T277. 1321 15094 JIM 50 T22.3√ 1585 12114 JHY 46 T1361√ 1754 14124 JHZ 50 T6 . 94 23015 JHX 01 T296√ ALIM N.Y. to M. 1537 28014 JHR 45 T513√ 2A-0122 0018A William Averell HARRIMAN (also xxx xxxxx) KAPITALIST AL'BERT √ 2A-0125 [ALBERT] M. to N.Y. 143 15025 JKZ 48 T1197√ 0019A Prob. ISKHAK ABDULOVICH 179 25025 JNA 36 T961 AKhMEROV 195 03035 JJT 86 T918 221 11035 JKN 32 T736 248 29035 JKO 21 T1173 253 20035 JKO 25 T755 292 29035 JKQ 35 T756 328 06045 JKR 41 T914 337 08045 JKT 08 T1031 340 10045 JKT 14 268 24035 JKQ 03 N.Y. to M. 1208 23084 JHB 27 T80 √ 1215 25084 JHB 35 T94 1388 01104 JIC 46 T96 1393 03104 JHJ 09 T95 1442 11104 JIL 30 T175 1463 14104 JHQ 11 T490 1482 18104 JHQ 29 T311 1613 18114 JIB 25 T37.1 1634 21114 JIB 46 T294 1635 21114 JHS 02 T177 1636 21114 JIB 49 T295 1691 01124 JHT 19 T37.2 1757 14124 JIA 03 T37.3 _ 1791 20124 JIA 32 T37.4 _ 1798 20124 JIA 45 T37.5 _ 1803 22124 JIA 49 T288 * 1818 26124 JHU 24 T37.6 _ (Cont.) 1824 27124 JHU 34 NSA T1785 √ - 6 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ AL'BERT 2A-0125 xxxA [ALBERT] N.Y. to M. 12 04015 JIK 33 T544√ 14 04015 JIK 42 T259√ 19 04015 JHV 13 T211√ 21 08015 JHV 17 T206√ 26 08015 JHV 21 T160√ 50 11015 JHV 43 T306√ 71 17015 JHW 12 T307√ 79 18015 JHW 28 T247√ 82 18015 JHW 37 T208√ 83 18015 JHW 38 √ 1352 27094 JIC 09√ [see MĒR] 234 15025 JJX 77√ AMPER _ 2A-0130 5500 [AMPERE] N.Y. to M. 1791 20124 JIA 31 T37.4 0020A NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN [see ROJ] see ROY AMUR 2A-0146 [CUPID] N.Y. to M. 1403 05104 JHJ 23 T302√(from ZhANNET)0021B 1754 14124 JHZ 50 T6 √ 0022A ANDREEV N.Y. to M. 959 08072 MB 42-22 T900√ 1B-2937 9609 933 17063 JKO 21 ANDREJ N.Y. to M. 767 25053 JKF 25 T1509 √2A-0170 0023A 1661 28114 JHS 18 T423 √ 0024A ANITA N.Y. to M. 816 30053 JKI 20 T883 √2A-0171 8464 1142 10084 JHM 25 T399.1√ ANT M. to N.Y. 183 27025 JNA 38 T902√2A-0182 0025A KRISTEL FUCHS HEINEMAN T2205 0001A ANTENNA N.Y. to M. 628 05054 JIE 08 (NSA) √2A-0182 2219 JULIUS 736 22054 JID 21 T9.1 √ 0001 ROSENBERG 845 14064 JIJ 11 T98√ 976 11074 JHF 28 T1108√ 1053 26074 JHI 46 T282√ 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301(√to LIBERAL) 911 27064 JHE 13 T1651√ 415 2602 MB11-27?(NSA√ 2A-0197 0026A ANTON N.Y. to M. 164 20025 JNA 25 T1475√ (address) LEONID ROMANOVICH 246 19035 JKO 18 (NSA) √ KVASNIKOV - 7 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ xxxxxxxxxxxxxx ANTON N.Y. to M. 855 05063 JKK 04 (NSA) 2A-0197 (Cont.) 859 06063 JKK 08 (NSA) 1120 10073 JKX 12 (NSA) 1839 08113 NNNNNN (sig) 1906 17113 NNNNNN (sig) 1960 30113 NNNNNN (sig) 1979 04123 NNNNNN T969 2016 14123 NNNNNN (sig) 2101 29123 NNNNNN (sig(NSA) 586 29044 JIG 44 T109 622 04054 JHD 42 T655 623 04054 JHD 46 T300.1 672 11054 JID 02 T322 683 12054 JHC 10 T236 828 07064 JIH 44 T292 845 14064 JIJ 11 T98 863 16064 JHP 17 T58 972 11074 JHF 14 T504 1009 19074 JHF 40 T143 1071 28074 JHK 14 T62 1208 23084 JHB 27 T80 See 1239 30084 JIM 01 T279 xxxx pg 1275 07094 JHN 39 T277 1332 18094 JHO 16 T317 1351 23094 JIC 04 (NSA) 1491 20104 JHQ 43 T205 1492 20104 JHQ 44 T207 1504 21104 JHQ 46 T167 1516 25104 JHR 23 T85 1556 06114 JHY 17 (NSA) 1557 06114 JHY 18 T188 1559 06114 JHY 25 T468 1583 12114 JHY 41 T483 1600 14114 JIB 14 T293 1607 16114 JIB 20 T469 1609 17114 JIB 24 (NSA) 1657 27114 JHS 15 T9.2 1692 01124 JHT 18 T265 1699 02124 JHT 29 T193 1706 04124 JHT 32 T318 1715 06124 JHT 40 T9.3 1717 06124 JHT 43 T246 1755 14124 JIA 05 T56 1769 15124 JIA 16 T470 1773 16124 JIA 19 T1304 1796 20124 JIA 41 T489 1802 21124 JIA 48 T273 1803 22124 JIA 49 T288 1804 22124 JHU 02 T258 1815 23124 JHU 23 T202.4 1818 26124 JHU 25 T37.6 1829 28124 JHU 40 T248 1830 28124 JHU 42 T479 14 04015 JIK 40 T259 17 04015 JHV 08 (NSA) 19 04015 JHV 14 T211 28 08015 JHV 30 T1368(sig.) 50 11015 JHV 44 T306 780 25055 JJL 63 T28 793 25055 JJL 91 T1621 799 26065 JJL 97 T5 (Cont.) - 8 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ ANTON N.Y.
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  • VENONA: an Overview

    VENONA: an Overview

    DOCID: 3575728 Cryptologic Almanac 50th Anniversary Series VENONA: An Overview (U) "Spy catching" is an alluring phrase more often connected with James Bond than with a cryptanalyst. However, during the Cold War, a group ofcryptanalysts assisted the spy catchers in their efforts to stop Soviet espionage in the United States and other allied countries. Their decrypts revealed, among other things, the extent ofthe KGB operations in the United States and furthered the FBI's and other agencies' efforts in tracking down these spies. (U) VENONA was the final in a series ofcover names for the project to exploit cryptosystems used to protect what was initially believed to be Soviet diplomatic communications. The messages were encrypted using a complicated code that was then superenciphered by adding a numeric key stream from a one-time pad to the code. After some analysis, the cryptanalysts discovered they were really attacking five different systems being used by five different entities instead ofone as originally thought. The five users for the five versions ofVENONA were Soviet trade representatives, Soviet diplomats, and three Soviet spy agencies (the KGB, the Soviet Army General Staff Intelligence Directorate (GRU), and the Soviet Naval Intelligence, Staff(GRU-Naval)). ~ Although American cable companies, at the direction ofthe U.S. Army, had been collecting VENONA messages since 1939, there was no serious effort against the traffic until 1 February 1943. Prior to that time the system was believed unbreakable and thus not worth the cryptanalytic effort. One-time pads were and are still considered one ofthe most difficult manual cryptosystems to exploit; properly used, a one-time pad is virtually unbreakable.
  • Covername Changes

    Covername Changes

    ..,f ..- ., 1c, .,. ' , '· t • .,. , ') I ' . , ' V.EN.ONA ,···- I·., ~ J;. ~ ~, · ~li?i.1 ''"°' . I • · ~ •1_;;,, . .. -•''I , - . •' J 'Q .¥ · Rets·sue (T301) 'From:' NEW YORK . To: MOSCOW • No: 1251 2 September 19.-44 To VIKTOR(i]. In accordance with our telegram no. 403fa] we are advising you of the new cover-names: KAVALERIST - BEKiilJ,. DROZD -. AKhMEDfiii KLEMENS - LIIivJ, ~BRAM - ChEKh{y], 'l')CuL'PAN - KANTivi], A.IDA - KLO .[vii], RYBOLOV - IC• BLOK] IviilJ, RELE ·- SERB [ixJ, ANTENNA - LIBERAL [xl, GNOM - YaKOV [xi] , SKAUT - METR [xii] , '.TU. • • • - NIL [xiii] , FOGEL' - PERS[xivJ, ODESSIT - ROST[xV]. All these cover-names were selected [C• by you] with a view to economy of means~ Among the new cover-names introduced by you there ·are disadvantageous ones which we propose to replace as follows: STELLA - EMILIYa[xvi] · DONAL'' D. - PILOT [xvii] , LOJER - RIChARD [xviii] , DUGI.AS - IKS [xix] , ShERVUD - KNYaZ'fxX], [l group unrecovered]T· - ZONA[xxi], MIRANDA .­ ART [xxilJ, SEN 'OR - BERG [xxiii]. All thes·e cover-names are ·economi­ cal from the point of view of encoding . Please confirm. Continua- tion will follow later IbJ. · No. 700 MAJ[xxiy] 2 September . .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... ............. ... ..... ... ... .. ... .. ..... ... ....... ...... ...... ... Notes: [a] NEW YORK's no. 744 of 25 May 1944. However, no. 744 has nothing to do with the subject of this message so must · be an· incorrect xeference. (b] See NEW YORK'S no 1403 of 5 October 1944 CoDDDents : . • [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN • . - [ii] KAVALERIST - BEK: i.e. CAVALRYMAN - BECK, Se~gej Niko- laevich KURNAKOV. [iii] DROZD· - ARhMED: i.e. THRUSH - AKhMED, unidentified. [iv] KLEMENS - LI: i.e.